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TO 

THE PUBLISHER OF THE AUTHOR'S FIRST HISTORY OF TROY, 

THIS WORK 

IS DEDICATED AS A TOKEN OF HIS PERSONAL 
REGARD AND ESTEEM. 



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TROY'S 



ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



i 789-1889. 



BY 



ARTHUR JAMES WEISE, M. A. 




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TROY, N. Y.: 
WILLIAM H. YOUNG, 7 AND 9 FIRST STREET.' 

1 891. 



Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-one, by 

ARTHUR JAMES WEISE, 

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



All rights reserved. 



L 1 



PREFACE. 



IN 1 786, the site of the city of Troy was the seat of five or more farms, 
crossed by roads intersecting a highway running north and south, near 
the river. At that time Albany, named a city in 1686, Poughkeepsie, 
founded in 1735, Lansingburgh, laid out in 1771, and Hudson, incorporated 
in 1785, were all comparatively populous places. When three years later the 
small body of settlers at Troy publicly advertised their confidence of its 
becoming "at no very distant period as famous for its trade and navigation 
as many of the first towns," this boldly advanced expectation may have been 
regarded by the inhabitants of the older settlements on the Hudson as highly 
presumptuous and improbable of realization. However, in a short time credit- 
able evidences of the enterprise and growth of the place began to be noted by 
observant travelers. One, seeing the advantageous situation of the village 
at the head of navigation, declared that it would not only be " a serious thorn 
in the side of New City (Lansingburgh), but in the issue a fatal rival." 
Another, cognizant of the success attending the business ventures of its 
emulous merchants, remarked that those of Albany viewed " this growing 
prosperity of their neighbors with an evil eye," and considered it as " an 
encroachment upon their native rights." Another, discovering in 1807 the 
extensive trade which " Troy had opened with the new settlements to the 
northward, through the states of New York and Vermont, as far as Canada," 
observed that " in another twenty years it promises to rival the old estab- 
lished city of Albany." 

These initial forecasts of the " ultimate ascendancy" of Troy became more 
significant as the village gradually expanded its area and enlarged its trade. 
The public spirit and local undertakings of its people began to be commended 
as exemplary and highly laudable. A distinguished metropolitan journalist, 
visiting the city in 1835, wrote: " Troy has been a pattern for all other places 
in respect to its industry and enterprise. Lansingburgh, four miles above, 
had attained almost to its present size when the first building was erected in 
Troy, and Albany, six miles below, had been in existence one hundred and 
eighty years. And yet Troy, far outstripping the former in a very short time, 
is now rapidly advancing on the latter." A popular English novelist, passing 



VI PREFACE. 

through Troy and Albany in 1837, and noting the difference in the growth 
of the two cities, could not forbear remarking the successful competition of 
the Trojans. " We have a singular proof, not only of the rapidity with which 
cities rise in America but also how superior energy will overcome every dis- 
advantage. Little more than twenty years ago, Albany stood by itself a large 
and prosperous city without a rival, but its population was chiefly Dutch. 
The Yankees from the Eastern States came down and settled at Troy, not 
five miles distant, in opposition to them. It would be supposed that Albany 
could have crushed this city in its birth, but it could not, and Troy is now a 
beautiful city, with * * * a population of 20,000 souls, and divides the 
commerce with Albany, from which most of the eastern trade has been 
ravished." 

What, it here may be questioned, was a distinctive characteristic of the 
founders of Troy? The answer maybe clothed in the pertinent words of 
the Hon. John Woodworth, who began residing in the village in 1 791. 
" There was at that early day, and what distinguished Troy in all its progress, 
and was so conducive to its prosperity, a concert of action, a concentration of 
sentiment and united efforts on all questions relating to the interests of the 
village. To all these, political questions held a secondary place." This ele- 
ment of concord also manifested itself in the undertakings of their immediate 
successors. In 1835, a similar observation was made by another witness of 
the spirit of co-operation which quickened their efforts to increase the mer- 
cantile and manufacturing advantages of the city. " They know and feel their 
interests are identified with those of the city, and in whatever way the latter is 
benefited, they readily perceive their own general advantage. The fruits of 
this policy, and the entire unanimity with which they act in regard to all 
matters of profit and loss are at this time most evident in the flourishing 
condition of the town." 

The later consequences of this notable emulousness of the people of Troy in 
making the place an important center of trade and commerce are discoverable not 
only in the wide fame now specializing the distribution of the productions of 
the manufactories of the city in all parts of the world, but also in the growing 
solicitude of the present inhabitants that a still greater renown may crown the 
industrial activity of its future people. Whatever incentives may induce them 
to further the interests of the city in the next hundred years, none will proba- 
bly stimulate them more than the success which attended the vigorous enter- 
prise and concerted action of their early predecessors. They, no doubt, will 
be honored for projecting and accomplishing improvements that will better 
their own condition, beautify the city, and enlarge its industries, making Troy 
the most populous, attractive, and important city on the Hudson. 



PREFACE. vi 1 

In eliciting the greater part of the information contained in this work from 
sources which may no longer exist when another writer shall undertake the 
publication of a history of the city, I addressed myself to the toilsome task of 
obtaining all that was deemed worthy of preservation, so that little of any 
great value should be lost irreparably by the fatalities of time. A conscious- 
ness of dutv also incited me to embellish its pages with photo-engravings of 
all the rare maps and pictures illustrating the growth and appearance of the 
city that were known to be in the possession of citizens or owned by public 
and private collectors of valuable books and papers. The photo-engravings 
of later erected buildings and of those now in course of construction, together 
with present views of parts of the city showing the improvements marking the 
close of the first century in which the place bore the classic name given it in 
1789, are also attractive features enhancing the value of the work. In ending 
the writing of it, I cannot but remember with gratitude the kind favors of 
information extended me by Benjamin H. Hall, Esq., William H. Young, 
Charles B. Russell, Adam R. Smith, William Kemp, William S. Earl, Henry 
E. Weed, Gilbert Geer, jr., E. Ogden Ross, and other citizens whose personal 
knowledge and reminiscences elucidated many vague and obscure facts found 
in the different fields of my researches. For the fine photographic views of 
buildings and streets in the city taken by Lieutenant Wait H. Stillman, and 
the two by Mr. Frank Bayer, from which excellent half-tone illustrations were 
made by the Moss Engraving Company of New York, I may here also express 
my thanks. I cannot omit acknowledging also my obligations for many official 
services rendered me by Mr. DeWitt Clinton, the courteous librarian of the 
Troy Young Men's Association. 

ARTHUR JAMES VVEISE. 

Troy, N. Y., December 1st, 1891. 




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Trovs One Hundred Years. 



CHAPTER I. 

NEW FRANCE AND NEW NETHERLAND. 
1524-1624. 

IN the latter part of the fifteenth and in the beginning of the sixteenth cen- 
tury, Spain, England, and Portugal successively undertook the discovery 
of short passages by water to the Spice Islands, in the Indian Ocean, by 
attempting to reach the Moluccas, as they were called, by sailing westward 
across the Atlantic Ocean. The limitations of the voyages of Columbus, 
Cabot, and Cortereal did not repress the aspirations of other navigators eager 
to gain the distinction of accomplishing an undertaking which seemed to 
most of their contemporaries impossible and unprofitable. 

In 1504, some emulous French seamen sailed west of the New Land, now 
called Newfoundland, and viewed the wide expanse of the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence. Four years later, Thomas Aubert and Giovanni da Verrazzano, under 
the orders of certain merchants and ship-owners of Dieppe, discovered and 
named the St. Lawrence River, and ascended it to the distance of eighty leagues. 

In 1523, Francis I, King of France, commissioned Giovanni da Verrazzano 
to explore the Atlantic Ocean, north of Cuba, for a western route to the 
Indian Archipelago. The hopeful Italian departed in January, 1524, and, 
early in March, arrived off the coast of North America, at the thirty-fourth 
parallel, near Cape Fear. 

Sailing northwardly, he entered, late in April, the spacious roadstead now 
known as the Lower Bay of New York, where the anchor of the Dauphiuc 
was cast in the sight of a multitude of wondering natives. Passing through 
the Narrows, in the ship's boat, he admiringly surveyed the Upper Bay and 
the great river flowing into it. 

After exploring the coast of the continent northward as far as the Gulf of 



2 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

St. Lawrence without finding a passage to the Indian Ocean, Verrazzano re- 
turned to France and presented Francis I with a written description of the 
discovered country, which, in honor of the king, the proud Florentine called 
Francesca. Not long afterward the French changed the name of the acquired 
domain to La Nouvelle France (New France). 

The Great River (the Hudson) seen flowing into the beautiful bay by Ver- 
razzano, was shortly after its discovery explored to the height of its navigation 
by the adventurous fur traders of France, who ascended it to obtain the valu- 
able beaver and otter skins possessed by the friendly wild men. 

The extensive territory of New France was early delineated on the maps 
of the world made in the sixteenth century. On the one drawn by the dis- 
tinguished Flemish cartographer, Gerard Mercator, at Duisburg, in 1569, the 
Great River, bearing the French designation, Riviere Grande, is boldly out- 
lined. The site of the fort of " Norombega," constructed by the French near 
the mouth of the river, is geographically marked. The easterly course of the 
Mohawk River is also faithfully delineated, and also, as it seems, the westerly 
course of the Hoosick River. The unexplored border of the Adirondack 
region viewed, no doubt, by the French fur traders from the high hills at 
Troy, is topographically represented. 

The fictitious claim of the discovery of the Great River by Henry Hudson 
so arrogantly advanced by the Dutch to establish their right to take posses- 
sion of a part of the northern territory of New France not only speciously 
ignores Verrazzano's discovery of it but also strangely contradicts the account 
given of Hudson's voyage to the river and the purpose for which he as- 
cended it. 

In 1609, when the East India Company of Holland employed Hudson to 
search for a passage to Asia, north of Novaya Zemlya, the resolute English- 
man attempted to make the voyage, but an impenetrable field of ice in the 
Arctic Sea prevented him from sailing in the Half Moon farther northward. 
His unwillingness to return to Amsterdam without rendering his services 
profitable to the East India Company led him to offer the choice of two other 
voyages to the officers and crew of the small vessel flying the Dutch flag. 

"The first proposal," as related, in 161 1, by Emanuel Van Meteran, the 
Dutch historian, " was to go to the coast of America, at the fortieth degree of 
latitude, mostly incited to this by letters and maps which a certain Captain 
Smith had sent him from Virginia, and in which [letters and maps] he showed 
him a sea [delineated on the charts] by which he might sail around their 
southern colony [at Jamestown] from the north and thence pass into a western 
sea." The other proposal, according to the same historian, " was to seek the 
passage [to the western sea] by Davis's Strait." 



■ %v« 




PART OF GERARD IUERCATOR S MAP OF THE WORLD, 1569, NEW FRANCE. 



4 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The first voyage was preferred. As suggested by his friend Captain John 
Smith, Hudson entered the Great River and ascended it to the height of its 
navigation, at the mouths of the Mohawk River, but found no navigable pas- 
sage by which he could sail to the imagined sea west of Virginia. However, 
in his intercourse with the friendly Mohawks, he learned that the French had 
been ascending the river in sloops to trade with them, and also saw the ruins 
of a fort which the French had built on Castle Island, now the site of the 
Iron Works, at Albany. Having bartered with the Indians beads, knives, and 
hatchets for beaver and otter skins, the English navigator descended the river 
without accomplishing the discovery of a strait or navigable stream by which 
he could sail westward. 

Robert Juet, describing a certain cliff, at the mouth of the river, explains, 
in his journal of the voyage, that it was " on that side of the river," which " is 
called Mannahata ; " disclosing, as it is seen, his previous knowledge of the 
geography of the region. He further relates that the Half Moon sailed out 
of "the great mouth of the Great River," on the fourth day of October. 

In the following year, some Dutch traders sailed from Holland to the 
Great River for furs, and on returning to Amsterdam sold them at high prices. 
Having realized large profits from this and subsequent ventures, they, in 1614, 
petitioned the Lords States General of the Netherlands to be permitted the 
exclusive right to visit and traffic with the natives dwelling along the river. 
In their prayer, they plausibly set forth that after great expense, risk, loss of 
vessels, and other reverses during the year, they had discovered, with five 
ships, "certain new lands situated in America, between Mew France and Vir- 
ginia, being the sea-coast between the fortieth and forty-fifth parallels of north 
latitude," and called by them, "Nieu Nederlandt," (New Netherland). With 
the petition, they presented an embellished map representing the territory of 
Nieu Nederlandt. 

The petition was favorably considered, and, on October 1 ith, 16 14, a special 
license was granted them to make four voyages to the described country, 
" within the period of three years, beginning on the first day of January, 161 5, 
or sooner." On the expiration of this privilege in 161 8, several vessels were 
permitted by the Dutch government to sail to New Netherland for cargoes of 
furs. 

The substitution of Dutch names for the streams, bays, points of land, and 
other natural features of this part of New France, soon threw into obscurity 
the early maps of the country and permitted the deepening of the impression 
that the Dutch were the discoverers of the territory mapped by them. In 
using the word "Groote," a Dutch synonym of the French appellation 
" Grande," the Netherlanders unintentionally preserved the name given the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Great River in the sixteenth century. As late as the year 1656, the name 
Groote Rivier was used by the Dutch map-makers to designate the stream, 
which also was called at that time the Manhattons, Noort, Montaigne, 
Mauritius or Maurits, and Hudson's River; the latter having been used as 
early as 1624, on a map of Nieu Nederlandt. 



CHAPTER II. 

MANOR OF RENSSELAERSWYCK. 
1624-1 786. 

THE advantages of having the exclusive privilege of trading with the 
natives of New Netherland were too enticing to be unenjoyed by the 
capitalists of the United Netherlands, and the Lords States General 
were again petitioned to grant that immunity to a number of them and also 
to clothe them with the power to make contracts and alliances with the people 
with whom they traded, to build forts, and to advance the settlement of the 
unoccupied domain. The petition was granted, and, on June 3d, 1621, they 
and their associates became the West India Company. 

When, in the following year, it was learned that a communication had been 
addressed the British embassador, at the Hague, signed by Jose de Forest, 
containing a petition that fifty or sixty Walloon families in Amsterdam might 
be permitted to settle in Virginia, the directors of the West India Company 
at once offered them gifts of land to become colonists of New Netherland. 

In the beginning of March, 1624, about thirty families of the French Protest- 
ant refugees sailed from Amsterdam. When the Nieu Nederlandt conveying 
them to the Groote Rivier reached its mouth, the Dutch commander of the 
ship was surprised to find a vessel flying the flag of P"rance anchored there. 
Having learned that the officer of the French barque had been sent to plant 
there the insignia of France and to declare that the country was a possession 
of France, the defiant Dutchman summarily compelled the timorous French- 
man to depart from the bay by the coercive display of the formidable arma- 
ment of his own and that of another Dutch ship at anchor in the roadstead. 

Some of the colonists having landed at "Mannatans" Island, the ship 
ascended the river to the site of Albany. There the other French immigrants 
and the few Dutch freemen on board the Nieu Nederlandt disembarked. 
Building; themselves bark cabins, and assisting; in the construction of a small 
fort of earth and logs, which was named Fort Orange, the active settlers be- 
gan to till the virgin soil. 

The letters written by the colonists to their friends in Holland contained 
laudatory accounts of the fertility and fruitfulness of the region of the Upper 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 7 

Hudson : " We were greatly surprised," wrote one, " when we arrived in this 
country. Here we found beautifui rivers, bubbling streams flowing down into 
the valleys, pools of running water in the meadows, palatable fruits in the for- 
ests, — strawberries, pigeon berries, walnuts, and wild grapes. Acorns for feeding 
hogs are plentiful in the woods, as also is venison, and there are large fish in 
the rivers. The land is good for farming. Here is especially the liberty of 
coming and going without fear of the naked natives of the country. Had we 
cows, hogs, and other animals fit for food, (which we daily expect in the first 
ship), we would not wish to return to Holland, for whatever we desired in the 
paradise of Holland is found here. If you will come here with your family, 
you will not regret it." 

The nearness of the palisaded village of the Mohawk Indians, known to the 
Dutch as " Moenemines Casteel," on the island formed by the third and fourth 
branches of the Mohawk River, south of the site of Waterford, permitted the 
roving wild men to visit Fort Orange daily. No less friendly were the Mo- 
hegan Indians, dwelling on the east side of the Hudson River, in a similarly 
fortified village, which the Dutch designated by the name of " Unumats Cas- 
teel," built not far north of the mouth of the Poesten Kill, on the site of 
Troy, and where, in all probability, Uncas, the famous chief of "the Last of 
the Mohicans," was born. 

Becoming discontented with the bleakness and the isolation of Fort Orange 
in winter, a number of the settlers, in 1626, removed to Fort Amsterdam, on 
"Mannatans" Island. Shortly afterward the amity and peaceful relations 
of the Mohawk and Mohegan Indians were abruptly terminated by hostilities, 
and the two tribes began waging war with each other to the dismay and dis- 
quietude of the settlers. 

The Dutch commander of Fort Orange, having been induced by the Mo- 
hegans to take part in a secretly-planned attack on the Mohawks, was slain 
with three of the garrison in an unsuccessful assault on the valiant tribe, near 
the site of West Troy. The unexpected defeat, and the terrifying details of 
the barbarous treatment of the prisoners taken by the Mohawks caused so 
great a consternation at Fort Orange that the remaining colonists were con- 
veyed to Fort Amsterdam. 

The hostilities between the Mohawks and the Mohegans continued through 
the year 1627. Finally, in 1628, having successfully assaulted the castle of 
the Mohegans, the fierce and ruthless Mohawks drove the few survivors of 
the heroic tribe to the Connecticut River, from the banks of which, Uncas 
and his wary followers, as late as 1677, made forays to the west side of the 
Hudson, at the mouths of the Mohawk River, where they often revenged 
themselves on their surprised enemies. 



8 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The directors of the West India Company realizing that their initial plan 
of colonizing New Netherland was too expensive to be profitable, decided, in 
1629, to grant tracts of land to persons planting colonies of fifty adult people 
on them, within four years ; the proprietors of such manors having first pur- 
chased the selected land from the Indians claiming the ownership of it. 

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, a wealthy dealer in diamonds and pearls, living 
in Amsterdam, and an influential director of the company, having signi- 
fied his willingness to settle a colony on the Upper Hudson, was, on Novem- 
ber 19th, 1629, formally authorized as a patroon to acquire possession of as 
much land as might be available for the use of the colonists settling- on it. 
By judicious advertisements, he induced a number of people in Holland to 
settle in 1630 upon the tract called Sanckhagag, on the west side of the river, 
extending from a point above Beeren Island northward to a point opposite 
Smack Island, south of Fort Orange, purchased from the Indians, on April 
1 8th, that year. A second tract, stretching along the river from Fort Orange 
northward to a point "a little south of Moenemines Castle," on Haver Island, 
was in like manner conveyed to him by the wild men, on July 27th, 1631. 
The land called Gesmessert, on the east side of the river, " from Petanock, 
the Mill-creek," opposite Fort Orange, "northward to Negagonse, in extent 
about three [Dutch] miles "was also acquired by him at that time. Upon 
each of these tracts of land he settled colonists from Holland and Protestant 
refugees from F ranee. 

The winter of 1646-47 was extremely cold, and the navigation of the Hud- 
son River was closed by ice as early as November 25th, and remained so 
until March, 1647, when a great freshet occurred, "by which the water of the 
river," says Van der Donck, in his Description of New Netherland, " became 
nearly fresh to the bay, when at ordinary seasons the salt water flows up 
twenty-four [Dutch] miles from the sea. At that time, two whales, of com- 
mon size, swam up the river forty miles, from which point, one of them 
returned and stranded about twelve miles from the sea, near which four others 
stranded the same year. The other swam farther up the river, and stranded 
near the great Chahoos falls, about forty-three miles from the sea. This fish 
was tolerably fat, for, although the colonists of Rensselaerswyck broiled out a 
great quantity of train-oil, still the whole river, (the current being still rapid,) 
was oily for three weeks, and covered with grease. As the fish lay rotting, 
the air was infected with its stench to such a degree that the smell was offen- 
sive and perceptible for two miles leeward. For what purpose the whales 
ascended the river so far, the place being at the time full forty miles from all 
salt or brackish water, it is difficult to say, unless their great fondness for 
fish, which were plenty at the time, led them onward." 




IAP OF NIEUW NEDERLANDT, 1656. 



IO TROY'S ONE HUNDRED. YEARS. 

The narrow island on which the stranded fish died was for many years a 
well-known feature of the channel of the river opposite Lansingburgh. In 
commemoration of the extraordinary event, the Dutch settlers called it 
Walvis Eylandt, — (Whale Island). Its site is marked on the map of Nieuw 
Nederlandt, made in 1656. The island is now entirely submerged by the 
high water held in check by the State Dam, constructed in 1823. 

A humorous account of the stranding and death of the monster fish, enti- 
tled, "The Tale of the Whale," written by B. H. Hall, Esq., of Troy, was 
published in the September number of " Our Young Folks," in 1866. The 
felicitous manner in which the author blends in verse the strange names of the 
contemporary people of Rensselaerswyck is seen in the quotations describing 
the inspection of the great mammal and the disposition made of its blubber. 

" So the animal swam 'gainst the wind and the tide, 
Caring not if the river were narrow or wide. 
Rushing on like the tempest, and marking his path 
With the terrible waves of his foam-breathing wrath. 

* * * * * * 
But soon 'mid the islands off Rensselaerswyck's shore 
The animal floundered and snorted and tore ; 

Stuck fast in the quicksand, unable to go, 
He blew out his life in a chorus of woe. 

* * * * * * 

As the spring floods subsided, the yeomanry came, 
To see the great monster without any name; 
Among them a skipper, renowned on the sea 
With a knowledge of fishes like Barnum, P. T. 
This skipper climbed up on the animal's back, 
Then wandered about with a varying tack. 
Pulled away at his flippers, examined his tail, 
And said to the Dutchmen, 'This here is a whale.' 

****** 

The people all came, * 

* * * with hatchets and saws, 

And axes and cleavers, and meat-hooks and claws, 
Determined to turn to their own private use 
What before they had thought was a public abuse, 
Prepared in great kettles his blubber to broil, 
And try the great whale into barrels of oil. 
The Skipper Jan Symensen ruled in the roast, 
With Borssum and Stogpens and burgher Van Voorst. 
Then Dirck Cornelissen came in for his share, 
As did Jansen and Claessen, — which surely was fair. 
Govert Loockmans was there with the Criegers and Pieters, 
And Volckertsen, Symon Pos, Teunissen Meters ; 
Jan Tyssen, the trumpeter famed for his blowing, 
And Wolfert Gerrittsen, a master at mowing; 
Rutger Hendricksen, ale maker equal to Taylor; 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. II 

Cornelis Tomassen, both blacksmith and nailer; 

Carstenssen, the millwright, Laurenssen, the sawyer, 

And Adriaen Van der Donck, sheriff and lawyer ; 

Jan sen Stol, who at Beverwyck managed the ferry ; 

Pieter Bronck, at whose tavern so many got merry ; 

Gerrittsen van Bergen, the owner of acres ; 

The sportsman renowned, named Harry de Backers, 

Of whom it is told that one day out of fun 

He killed eleven gray geese at a shot from his gun ; 

Pels Steltyn, the brewer, and Jacob Wolfertsen; 

Cornelis Crynnesen, Cornelis Lambertsen ; 

Claes Jansen van Waalwyck, Claes Jansen van Ruth, 

And Megapolensis, a preacher of truth. 

* -x- * * * # 

Sander Leendertsen Glen, a skilled Indian peddler, 
And Mynderts der Bogaert, a quarrelsome meddler. 

****** 

Antonie de Hooges, who to Anthony's Nose 

Gave his name on the Hudson, and Andries de Vos ; 

Jan Labbadie, carpenter, native of France, 

Who oft at Fort Orange led many a dance ; 

Gysbertsen, the wheelwright, who frequently spoke; 

Jansen Dam, who in Council delighted to smoke; 

Burger Joris. whose smithy stood under a tree ; 

Adriaensen van Veere, a freebooter free, 

And Pieterse Koyemans, called Barent the miller, 

Whose name in the manor was ever a pillar. 

****** 

It would lengthen too much this unerring detail 

To tell how by piecemeal they cut up the whale; 

How the doughty old knights of the broad-sword appeared 

When they brought down their blades as if nothing they feared ; 

How the butchers with cleavers dealt terrible blows, 

And the children all scattered for fear of their toes ; 

****** 

At the end of a month from the time they began, 

The oil ceased to flow, which so freely had ran. 

Of the whale naught remained but his carcass and spine, 

On which crows came to breakfast and oft stayed to dine. 

An account which was kept showed the end of this toil 

To be seventy-nine barrels five pipkins of nil. 

Thus light was increased, and spread through the land. 

Springing forth from the whale lying dead on the strand. 



Jan Barentsen Wemp, a provident Dutchman, whose services to the patroon 
of Rensselaerswyck were recorded in the Great Book of the colony as early 
as 1644, bought from the Indians, in 1659, the Great Meadow Ground, between 
the Poesten Kill and Meadow Creek, now a part of the site of Troy. As 
other inhabitants of the manor he had traded for furs with the Indians and 
had realized large profits by the sale of peltry. Doubtless his intention in 



12 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

buying the land was not wholly with a view of cultivating it, but of having an 
advantageous place to intercept the Indians carrying beaver and otter skins 
to sell at Fort Orange. Having the same object in view, he and other set- 
tlers purchased, in 1 66 1 , the Groote Vlachte, (Great Plain,) now the site of 
Schenectady. The fur traders of Beverwyck (Albany) and Rensselaerswyck, 
surmising the purpose of the speculative colonists, at once petitioned the di- 
rectors of the West India Company to prohibit them trading with the Indians. 
They were therefore requested "to promise not to carry on any trade with the 
Wilden under any name or pretext it might be, neither directly nor indirectly." 
Jan Barentsen Wemp and his associates formally refused to pledge themselves 
as desired by the directors. " We bought the land," they declared, "with our 
own money, * * * took possession of it with much expense, erected 
buildings on it, and stocked it with horses and cattle. If the proprietors are 
to be treated in a different manner or with less consideration than the other 
inhabitants then all their labor has been unrewarded and they are completely 
ruined." 

While these conflicting interests were disturbing the peace of the colony, 
Jan Barentsen Wemp fell sick, and died in June, 1663, leaving his property 
to his wife, two sons, and three daughters, the eldest of the latter being the 
wife of Jan Cornells Van der Heyden. 

In the following year, Sweer Teunise Van Yelsen married the widow of Jan 
Barentsen Wemp, and became the owner of the farm. On April 13th, 1667, 
Richard Nicolls, the English governor of the province of New York, con- 
firmed his possession of it by a patent, in which it is described as " a certain 
parcel of land, lying near Albany, on the other side of the creek or kill, be- 
ginning from the mill on the creek and to go on over the said creek unto the 
Great Meadow Ground, whereabout sixty-six paces the trees are marked." 
The patent further recites that the " said parcel of land was, in the year 1659, 
purchased of the Indian proprietors, by Jan Barentsen Wemp, with the leave 
and consent of Jan Baptist Van Rensselaer and Arent Van Corlaer," and that 
"the title and interest" had devolved upon Sweer Teunise Van Velsen, who 
had " married the widow and relict of the forenamed Jan Barentsen Wemp." 

By the different purchases of land from the Wilden, the manor of Rensse- 
laerswyck, extended at this time on both sides of the Hudson, from a line 
crossing Beeren Island to another running east and west across Cohoes Falls; 
the vast estate being twenty-one miles long and forty-six wide. 

Whether the first patroon, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, contemplated the 
acquisition of this extensive tract of land when he first undertook to plant 
colonists on it, is unknown, but it seems probable, for it is represented on a 
map of Rensselaerswyck made evidently in 1631. 



■< 

r. 
r- 




14 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The part of the manor, now the site of Troy, is delineated on the map, 
and is designated Pafraets Dael, (Pafraet's Part,) so called, no doubt, in honor 
of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer's mother, who before her marriage was Maria 
Pafraets. Figuratively, the Dutch name is a synonym of another, Luylekker- 
land, which by translation becomes "the Paradise of a Lazy Man." 

The mill mentioned in the patent confirmed by Governor Nicolls was 
evidently a saw-mill built on the Poesten Kill by Jan Barentsen Wemp, whose 
name is found written Jan Barentsen Poest in the early records of Rensselaers- 
wyck. Its site, it seems, is now that of the Canal Mills of Andrew Ruff, on 
the west side of the creek, a short distance east of the intersection of Hill 
Street and Spring Avenue. In the first surveys of the Great Meadow Ground, 
afterward the Van der Heyden farm, the site of the mill was made a point of 
the beginning of all the measurements, and is represented on the early maps 
of the land as situated fifty-eight chains in a straight line east of the river. 

The land lying along the Hudson, between the Poesten Kill and the 
Wynants Kill, known as the one-tenth part of Rensselaerswyck, was at that 
time called Lubberde Land. Although the use of this strange designation was 
common in the early conveyances of the property, there seems to be no infor- 
mation given of its origin. The ownership of this part of the manor was 
then held by inheritance by Madam Johanna Ebbingh, whose deceased father, 
Johannes De Laet, the Dutch historian, had been one of the copartners of 
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, the first patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Having leased 
a part of it to Jan Barentsen Wemp, she, at the solicitation of Sweer Teunise 
Van Velsen, released the same parcel to him on June 13th, 1669. As described 
in the conveyance, it lay between the land belonging to him and that of 
Hendrick Reur. 

In 1669, Sweer Teunise Van Velsen moved to Schenectady with his family 
to take possession of the property which Jan Barentsen Wemp had owned 
there, leaving " his two lots lying at Lubberde Land, in the occupation of 
Jacob Heven." 

One of the most noticeable landmarks, opposite the Great Meadow Ground, 
was at that time the "great black rock," a ridge of shale, called by the Dutch 
Steene Hoeck, (Stony Point,) running into the Hudson, where now Buffalo 
Street terminates at the river, in West Troy. 

The water power of the creek, south of the Poesten Kill, was early utilized 
by the Dutch settlers A conveyance, dated October 18th, 1674, recites that 
Geertruyt Pieterse, the widow of Abraham Pieterse Vosburgh, sold that day 
to Wynant Gerritse Van der Poel, her half of the saw-mill standing on the kill 
south of the bouwery of Madam Johanna Ebbingh, and opposite the bouwery 
of Philip Schuyler, on the west side of the river. The name of the purchaser 
was soon given to the creek, which is still called the Wynants Kill. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 15 

A farm in Lubberde Land, adjacent the Great Meadow Ground, was then 
in the possession of Pieter Pieterse Van Woeeelum. 

On June 25th, 1675, Sweer Teunise Van Yelsen, then a miller at Schenec- 
tady, sold to Jan Cornelise Vyselaer and Lucas Pieterse two morgens or four 
acres of land, and his saw-mill, known as the Poesten Mill. He also cave them 
the right of " free egress and a road along the hill by Pieter Pieterse Van 
Woggelum's land to the river." 

Four years later, or on May 6th, 1679, he was induced by certain considera- 
tions to convey to Pieter Pieterse Van YVoggelum the whole of the Great 
Meadow Ground. This acquisitive Dutchman, by a further purchase, on Sep- 
tember 19th, 1 68 1, extended his farm to the Piscawen Kill, by obtainino- the 
tract of woodland, called by the Indians Passquassick, south of that creek, 
which Robert Saunders had acquired on March 22c!, 1679, by a patent given 
him by the English governor, Sir Edmund Andros. 

The appearance of Newton's comet, in December, 1680, caused many of the 
settlers to believe that it portended some direful calamity. The magistrates 
of Albany were no less alarmed. Their fears respecting it were expressed in 
a communication, which they addressed, on [anuary 1st, 1681, to Captain An- 
thony Brockholls, in New York, in the absence of Governor Andros, then vis- 
iting England : 

" Wee doubt not but yow have seen y e Dreadfull Comett Starr w h appeared 
in y e southwest on y e 9th of Decemb r Last, about 2 a clock in y e afternoon, 
fair sunnshyne wether, a little above y e Sonn, w ch takes its course more 
Northerly, and was seen the Sunday night after, about Twy-Light with a very 
fyery Tail or Streemer in y e West To y e great astoneshment of all Spectators, 
& is now seen every Night w' Clear weather. Undoubtedly God Threatens 
us wth Dreadfull Punishments if wee doe not Repent. Wee would have Caused 
y e Domine Proclaim a Day of fasting and humiliation to-morrow, to be kept 
on Weddensday y e 12 Jany in y e Town of Albany & Dependencies — if we 
thought our Power & authority did extend so farr, and would have been well 
Resented [received] by yourself, for all Persons ought to humble Themselves 
in such a Time, and Pray to God to Withdraw his Righteous Jugements from 
us, as he did to Nineve. Therefore if you would be pleased to grant your 
approbation wee would willingly cause a day of fasting & humiliation to be 
kept, if it were monthly." 

Albany was then surrounded by a high stockade of thick planks and heavy 
posts. Narrow gateways were at the ends of the streets running to the roads 
on the north, south, and west sides of the village. Fort Albany, with gun- 
mounted bastions, fenced with palisades, near the present intersection of 
State and Eagle Streets, was the most conspicuous structure in the place. 



1 6 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The houses, about one hundred in number, were mostly built of logs, or of 
framed timber, weather-boarded. Some were built of brick. The few stone 
buildings were of very rough masonry. Many of the houses were thatched 
with reeds, some were covered with shingles, and others were roofed with 
glazed tiles. 

The settlers along the Upper Hudson were exceedingly terrified by the 
sudden attack on Schenectady, on the night of February 8th, 1690, by a party 
of French soldiers and Indians, when most of the unguarded inhabitants were 
massacred, and those who did not escape in the darkness were carried prison- 
ers to Canada. Among those slain were Meyndert Janse Wemp, the son of 
Jan Barentsen Wemp, and Sweer Teunise Van Velsen and his wife. 

The farm, between the Poesten Kill and the Wynants Kill, Madam Johanna 
Ebbingh sold to Juriaen Teunise Tappen, on July 7th, 1676. In the follow- 
ing year, on November 6th, he sold it to Captain Philip Schuyler, owning the 
farm opposite it, on the west side of the Hudson. In the deed, given his 
widow, in September, 1689, by the patroon of Rensselaerswyck, it is called 
Poesten Bouwery, then described as bounded on the north by a certain mill- 
creek or run, now or late in the tenure and occupation of Johannes Wendell, 
commonly called the Poesten Kill ; on the south by a certain mill-creek or run, 
now or late in the tenure and occupation of Wynants Gerrits ; and on the 
east by the hills. The bouwery, containing about four hundred acres, was sold 
by the Schuyler heirs, on April 24th, 1 71 1, to Stephanis Groesbeck of Albany, 
for twelve hundred and forty-one pounds. 

Ob May 3d, that year, Stephanis Groesbeck conveyed the farm to Myndert 
Schuyler and Peter Van Brugh, for the sum of twelve hundred and forty-one 
pounds. They, on December 29th, 171 5, divided the farm; Myndert Schuy- 
ler obtaining the southernmost part, called by the Dutch farmers the " Laager 
Eind," (Lower End,) and Peter Van Brugh, the northernmost, known as the 
" Opper Eind," (Upper End). On June 19th, 1730, Myndert Schuyler sold 
his part to Henderick Oothout for nine hundred pounds, who, on June 2 2d, 
1732, sold it to Edward Collins, for eleven hundred and sixty pounds. 

Edward Collins, the grandson of Philip Pieterse Schuyler, conveyed his 
part of the farm, on the north side of the Wynants Kill, to Jan Van Buren, on 
November 30th, 1748, who, on March 5th, 1795, bequeathed one-half of it to' 
his wife, Sarah, and the other half to Catharine, Sarah, and Hannah, the chil- 
dren of his deceased daughter, Agnietje Visscher. After his death, on August, 
15th, that year, his widow continued to reside on the farm for some years. 

The northern part of the Poesten Bouwery, about two hundred acres of 
land, immediately south of the Poesten Kill, Stephen J. Schuyler purchased 
on May 28th, 1 771, of Sarah, the widow of Teddy McGinniss, and William, her 



troy:s one hundred years. 



'7 



son, for ,£1,800. The Schuyler homestead, a brick building, with dormer win- 
dows and a gambrel roof, stood for many years on the south-west corner of 
First and Madison streets. Stephen J. Schuyler died in it, on December 14th, 
1820, at the age of eighty-three years, and was buried in the family graveyard 
not far north of the house. 

On June 2d, 1707, Pieter Pieterse Van Woggelum sold his farm, extending 
from the Poesten Kill to the Piscawen Kill, to Dirk Van der Heyden, the 
son of Jacob Tysse Van der Heyden; the latter having immigrated to New 
Amsterdam, (now New York City,) about the year 1653. The title of the prop- 





^~a^u £*&*, \Atto£ c)\*/cj*) u&*«i& 

.<.:.-> Vet"? *3* /Ae C^*t ./CJC <rfrS?i<&-Am<t J\ttM\P 






MAP OF VAN DER HEYDEN FARM, 1720. 

erty was confirmed to Dirk Van der Heyden, on December 1 5th, 1 720, by Maria 
and Hendrick Van Rensselaer, two of the executors of Kiliaen Van Rensse- 
laer, the second patroon of that name. He was required, as also were his 
heirs and successors, to pay an annual ground rent on the farm, in lieu of all 
other dues, of three and three-fourth bushels of wheat and two fat hens or 
capons, to the patroon of Rensselaerswyck. 

On the map of the farm, made that year by Philip Verplanck, the site of 
the homestead, and that of the old saw-mill on the Poesten Kill, is seen. 
3 



1 8 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Opposite Van Schaick and Haver islands, and on the east side of the Hud- 
son, was the farm of Abraham Jacob Lansing, a tract of land called by the 
Indians Tascamcatick. In 1771, a part of it was surveyed and laid out into 
building lots "for the erecting of a city by the name of Lansingburgh." The 
place was not a settlement of any importance until the close of the Revolu- 
tionary War, when a tide of emigration from the New England States largely 
augmented the number of its inhabitants 

Believing; that the government of Great Britain had not the right to tax the 
colonists of the American provinces without their consent, most of the settlers of 
the Upper Hudson courageously determined in 1775 toco-operate with their dis- 
satisfied countrymen in protesting against the arbitrary and oppressive acts of 
the British Parliament. They not only complied with the recommendation 
of the Continental Congress in forming committees of safety, protection, and 
correspondence, but the same year took up arms to resist the arrogant attempt 
of Great Britain to coerce the people of the provinces into a compliance with 
the selfish plans of its ministry. Colonel Philip Schuyler, whose farm on the 
west side of the Hudson was opposite the bouwery of Jan Van Buren, hav 
ing been appointed, on June 19th, 1775, a major-general, by the Continental 
Congress, took command shortly afterward of the Army of the Northern 
Department. 

The settlers on the east bank of the Hudson, living on and near the site 
of Troy, were then mostly enrolled militia of the first company of the sixth 
regiment of the fourth Rensselaerswyck battalion. On October 20th, 1775, 
the officers of the company were Henry H. Gordinier, captain ; Jacob Van 
der Heyden, first lieutenant ; Adam Beam, second lieutenant ; and Henry 
Thicker, ensign. The regimental officers, commissioned at that time, were 
Stephen J. Schuyler, colonel ; Henry K. Van Rensselaer, lieutenant-colonel ; 
Philip De Freest, and John J. Fonda, majors; Volkert Oothoudt, adjutant; 
and Jacob Van Alstyne, quartermaster. Serving afterward in differently des- 
ignated companies and regiments of the militia of Albany County, they 
worthily discharged their respective duties as officers and privates. 

In the summer of 1777, they marched with the Army of the North to stop 
the advance on Albany of the British troops under General John Burgoyne. 
Unsupplied with adequate ammunition, and unsheltered by tents, the small 
Continental force took a position near Fort Edward to oppose the progress of 
the enemy invading the province from Canada. Wanting ammunition, Gen- 
eral Schuyler wrote with no little importunity to the General Quartermaster, 
at Albany, urging him to send at once to Fort Edward all the leaden ball that 
he could obtain, remarking : 

"The citizens of Albany only can supply our immediate exigencies; re- 



TROY' '.S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 19 

course must therefore be had to the committee, begging their interposition to 
collect such lead as is in the city ; the lead windows and weights may, per- 
haps, afford a supply for the present. As soon as it is collected, Mr. Rens- 
selaer will have it made into ball, and send it up without a moment's delay. 
Should a wagon be sent off with one box, as soon as it is ready, it must be 
pushed off ; also all the buck shot." 

There were other disheartening circumstances at that time affecting the 
morale of his troops, which he discloses in a letter written by him to General 
Washington : 

" Desertion prevails, and disease gains ground ; nor is it to be wondered 
at, for we have neither tents, houses, barns, boards, or any shelter, except a 
little brush ; every rain that falls, and we have it in great abundance almost 
every day, wets the men to the skin. We are besides in great want of every 
kind of necessaries, provisions excepted." 

General Schuyler was therefore compelled to abandon his advanced posi- 
tion at Fort Edward, and to seek one less distant from the base of his sup- 
plies, and nearer the general hospital at Albany. Slowly retreating along the 
west side of the Hudson, the Army of the North, on August 18th, reached 
the mouths of the Mohawk River, and encamped on Van Schaick and Haver 
islands. 

The necessity of opposing Burgoyne's crossing at the ford at Half Moon 
Point, (Waterford,) was imperative. The Army of the North therefore 
began immediately the construction of a line of conspicuous earthworks, on 
the north side of Haver Island, under the superintendence of the noble Pole 
and engineer of the Northern Department, Thaddeus Kosciusko. 

The head-quarters of the army was at the Van Schaick homestead, still 
standing on Van Schaick Island. There, on August 20th, Major-General 
Horatio Gates succeeded Major-General Philip Schuyler in the command of 
the Army of the Northern Department. General Gates, on August 2 2d, 
wrote to " His Excellency, General Washington " : 

" Upon my arrival in this department, I found the main body of the army 
encamped upon Van Schaick's Island, which is made by the sprouts of the 
Mohawk River joining with the Hudson River, nine miles north of Albany. 
A brigade under Gen. Poor is encamped at Loudon's Ferry, on the south 
bank of the Mohawk River. * * * 

" Upon leaving Philadelphia, the prospect this way appeared very gloomy ; 
but the severe checks the enemy has met with at Bennington, and in Tyron 
County, have given a more pleasing view of public affairs. * My 

scouts and spies inform me that the enemy's head-quarters and main body are 
at Saratoga, [Schuylerville,] and that they have lately been repairing the 
bridges between that place and Stillwater." 



20 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The Army of the North, having been largely reinforced and adequately 
provided with necessary munitions, marched, on September 8th, northward, 
and on the following day reached Stillwater. The unexpected surrender of 
Burgoyne at Saratoga, on October 17th, not only dispelled the dark clouds of 
war lowering over the Upper Hudson, but terminated the service of the 
militia of Rensselaerswyck in the Army of the North. 

The changes of the ownership of the land, between the Poesten and Pisca- 
wen Kills, purchased, in 1707, by Dirk Van der Heyden, may be summarized 
in a short paragraph. In November, 1 73 1, he deeded the property to his 
three sons, Jacob, David, and Mattys. In the following year, on March 2d, 
David released and conveyed his interest in the estate to his brother Jacob. 
By a partition deed, Jacob and Mattys divided the farm, on April 3d, 1739, 
into three parts ; Jacob retaining the middle and northern sections, and Mat- 
tys the southern division. On the death of Jacob, on April 18th, 1746, his 
son, Dirk, came into possession of the middle and northern farms. The latter, 
on July 2d, that year, conveyed to his brother Jacob " two full equal just 
fourth parts " of the " two certain tracts of land." Although Mattys Van der 
Heyden, on March 1, 1770, willed his farm, on the north side of the Poesten 
Kill, to his sons, Dirk and John, and their sons, he mortgaged the whole of 
the property to Lucas Van Vechten on January 21st, 1771, for ^200. By a 
deed of release, Jacob I., the son of Jacob, and nephew of Dirk, became, on 
May nth, 1774, the owner of the farm on the south side of the Piscawen 
Kill. On the death of Dirk, in 1775, Jacob D., his son, inherited the middle 
farm ; Jacob I. and Mattys Van der Heyden severally owning the northern 
and southern farms. 



CHAPTER III. 



VANDERH EYDEN. 



I 786-I 789. 



ACCESSIBLE as the 
three Van der Hey- 
den farms we r e 
from the River Road, 
curving along the bank of 
the Hudson, little of the 
extent of the northern one, 
between the later line of 
Grand (Division) Street 
and the Piscawen Kill, was 
visible from the highway. 
From the m e a n d e r i n g 
creek, flowing into the river 
at the foot of Jacob Street, 
northward to the rocky 
acclivity of Mount Olym- 
pus, a stretch of undula- 
ting ground rose almost 




JACOB I. VAN DER HEYDEN's HOUSE BUILT, I 756. 



steeply on the east side of the road and hid from sight the cultivated fields of 
the farm extending to the eastward hill. The one-story brick dwelling of 
Jacob I. Van der Heyden, built in 1756, stood on this rise of ground, not far 
north of the Hoosick Road. 

The middle farm, between the lines of Grand and Division streets, was less 
rocky and undulating The eastern part of it was watered by a stream Mow- 
ing from the hill east of the line of Federal Street and running southward to 
the Poesten Kill, along the line of Sixth Street. An orchard of old apple 
trees was on the bank of the river, between the lines of Congress Street and 
Broadway. A road from the country crossed the farm on the line of Congress 
Street. 

The Van der Heyden homestead, a strongly-constructed, two-story, weather- 



22 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

boarded building-, stood on the east side of the River Road, where now is the 
New York State Armory. It was opposite the ferry, which for many years 
had been a source of income to the family. Jacob D. Van der Heyden, then 
enjoying the privilege of ferrying vehicles, animals, and people to and from 
Steene Hoeck, resided in the old house, in which the first three of his eight 
children had been born. 

At the foot of the garden, behind the house, was the family burying ground, 
protected by a low fence and embowered by the spreading branches of several 
large trees. On the west side of the River Road was the " old garden," 
extending southwardly from the ferry to the line of Division Street. The 
south part of the farm was under cultivation. The north part, less fertile, 
was covered with a short growth of grass and clumps of scrub oaks. 

A hundred feet or more south of the limits of the middle farm, and on the 
east side of the River Road, was the one-story brick dwelling, built by Mat- 
tys Van der Heyden, in 1752, in which his grandson, Matthias Van der Hey- 
den, was then living. About thirteen hundred feet south of it, or between the 
lines of Adams and Jefferson streets, the Poesten Kill flowed through a wide 
mouth into the Hudson. 

At the close of the Revolutionary War, the impoverished condition of the 
people of the New England States caused many of them to emigrate westward 
to better their fortunes. Some on their way to settle at Lansingburgh. find- 
ing that the farm of Jacob D. Van der Heyden was advantageously situated 
at the head of the navigation of the Hudson', vainly solicited him to lease 
them parts of it, on which to build themselves dwellings, stores, and other 
structures. Among those coming to his ferry in 1 7S6 was Benjamin Thurber 
of Providence, Rhode Island. Failing to persuade him to lease a plot of 
ground for the site of a dwelling and store, he induced Jacob I. Van der Hey- 
den to rent him a strip of land, now lot 36, on the west side of River Street, 
the second lot south of Hoosick Street. The enterprising merchant erected 
a two-story wooden building, a part of which he fitted for a store. The 
assortment of dry goods and groceries which he placed in it soon attracted 
the trade of the farmers of the neighborhood, and in a short time his line of 
customers was gratifyingly large. In the Northern Centinel and Lansingburgh 
Advertiser of June 4th, 1787, the third issue of the newspaper, he inserted 
the following advertisement : 

" Benjamin Thurber Hereby acquaints the Public that he continues to sort 
his New Cash Store, at the Sign of the Bunch of Grapes, at the Fork of the 
Hoosack Road, near Mr. Jacob Van der Heyden's, with East, West India, 
and European Goods of all Kinds. For which he will receive, in lieu of Cash, 
black Salts, Shipping Furs, Wheat, Corn, Rye, Butter, Cheese, Flax and 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Flax Seed, Tallow, Hog's lard, Gammons, Pork, Bees' Wax, and old Pewter. 
He also continues to receive ashes, as usual, to supply his new erected Pot 
and Pearl Ash factory, and will pearl black salts in the best manner on equi- 
table Terms; and also will give the highest Price for black salts. 

" N. B. A number of New French Muskets for sale at the above Store." 

The next applicant to solicit Jacob D. Van der Heyden for a lot, in the 
spring of 1 786, was Captain Stephen Ashley from Salisbury, Connecticut. 
Unable to convince the Dutch farmer that it would be profitable to dispose 
of a part of his land near the ferry to such of the New England emigrants as 
were of good extraction and standing in the places from which they were 
removing, he made known to Matthias Van der Heyden his desire to settle 
at Ferry Hook, as this part of U 
the Manor of Rensselaerswyck 
was then called. Matthias Van 
der Heyden being in less pros- 
perous circumstances than his 
kinsman, Jacob D., accepted the 
offer made him by Captain Ash- 
ley for a two years' lease of his 
brick house, on the east side of 
the River Road. Having fitted it 
for a public house, Captain Ash- 
ley called it the Farmers' Inn. 
Opposite the tavern he estab- 
lished a ferry, which soon ob- 
tained the name of Ashley's 
Ferry. 

On November 2d, 1786, Ben- 
jamin Covell, from Providence, matthiae van der heyden's house,— built 1752. 
Rhode Island, arrived at Van der Heyden's Ferry, and began boarding at 
the Farmers' Inn. Jacob D. Van der Heyden having refused to lease him a 
lot on which to erect a dwelling and store, the enterprising New Englander 
rented a building, near the tavern. Writing to his brother, Silas, on Novem- 
ber 16th, from Ferry Hook, he remarks: 

" This country is the best for business I ever saw. I will go into my store 
the 1 8th of November; hired it for six months for ^12, lawful money. Done 
more business in one day- than in one week in Providence. The night of 
the 15th, after sundown, took in twenty dollars. Got my goods first from 
Albany, but in the spring will go to New York. I am one mile from Benja- 
min Thurber's, down the river. They are all well. I board at Stephen Ash- 




24 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

ley's; the same man I hire of. He appears to be a clever man, and keeps a 
larg-e tavern, which is a great advantage to me." 

Discovering the river to have a deeper channel along the middle farm, and 
the shore to be steeper and firmer than in front of their places of business, 
Captain Ashley and Benjamin Covell began urging Jacob D. Van der Heyden 
to have the western part of his land surveyed and laid out for the site of a 
village. After considerable reflection, he finally engaged Flores Bancker of 
Lansingburgh to lay out about sixty-five acres into lots, streets, and alleys. 
When the map of the plat was completed on May ist, 1787, the Dutch farmer, 
in honor of his family, called the site of the projected village, Vanderheyden. 

As related by an early settler, the place was, "with a foresight not always 
observed, laid out with a view of its ultimately being a place of considerable 
magnitude ; and Philadelphia, with its regular squares and rectangular streets, 
was selected as its model by the advice of a gentleman, who had made a then 
rare visit to that celebrated city." 

As seen on the map of Vanderheyden, the village comprised two hundred 
and eighty-nine lots, mostly fifty feet wide and one hundred and thirty deep, 
with alleys in the rear of them twenty feet wide ; the streets having a width 
of sixty feet. 

As soon as Jacob Van der Heyden had expressed his willingness to lay out 
a part of his farm into building lots, Benjamin Covell was the first of the set- 
tlers to bargain for the lease of one of them. When lot 5, on the west side of 
River Street, the fourth south of Ferry Street, was staked, he selected it and 
began making the necessary preparations to place on it the building which he 
had purchased. Writing to his brother, on May 3d, he informs him of the 
intentions he entertained: 

" I have bought a store thirty-six feet long and twenty-two wide, and have 
to move it two hundred feet from where it now stands. I am drawing the 
brick for the chimney this day. I will move it as soon as I get the wheat out." 

On June 20th, he obtained a written lease of the lot. On July 10th, he 
wrote to his brother telling him that it took two days, " with twenty hands," 
to move his store to it. In the letter, he mentions a small shipment of fur : 
" I send by Captain Benjamin Allen twelve pounds and ten ounces of beaver 
and sixteen raccoon skins for which I want you to send writing paper." Sev- 
eral months later, he ordered a number of other salable articles : " Send me 
as many sheep-skins as you are a mind to. Two of them will make a man a 
pair of breeches. * * * I want spelling books and paper. I will advertise 
in the New City paper. Don't sell your paper to anybody that belongs to 
New City." 

In 1787, Lansingburgh commonly called New City, had between four and 



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26 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

five hundred inhabitants, and Albany, known as the Old City, three thousand. 
On July 22d, that year, the people of Albany celebrated the one hundredth 
anniversary of the incorporation of that city, which then contained about six 
hundred houses. The number of houses in New York City, in 1787, was said 
to be three thousand five hundred ; in Boston, two thousand one hundred ; in 
Philadelphia, four thousand six hundred. 

Samuel Gale, a scholarly physician, from Killingworth, Connecticut, having 
arrived at Vanderheyden, with his family, in a sloop, at the beginning of Sep- 
tember, and having been disappointed in obtaining a lease of a house at Lan- 
singburgh, accepted the invitation given him by Jacob D. Van der Heyden to 
occupy a part of his dwelling until a house could be built for him. Having 
devoted his time during the winter to the practice of medicine, Dr. Gale, on 
May 1st, 1788, obtained from Jacob D. Van der Heyden a lease of lots 6 and 
7, on the west side of River Street, north of the store of Benjamin Covell, and 
erected there a double, two-story, weather-boarded building, for a dwelling and 
a store. Having occupied a part of it as a residence, he, in October, began 
merchandising in the other part fitted for a store. 

The transportation of freight and passengers between Vanderheyden and 
New York was undertaken by Casper Frats and Yalles Mandeville, who, on 
September 10th, 1787, inserted the following advertisement in the Northern 
Centinel, published at Lansingburgh : 

" The subscribers respectfully inform the public that the schooner Flora of 
60 tons burthen, (late from New London) will in future ply between New 
York and Mr. Yanderheyden's ferry, two miles below Lansingburgh, from 
which place she will freight for New York, or elsewhere, on the same terms 
they freight from Albany. The vessel has good accommodations for passen- 
gers. Those gentlemen who have any commands must apply to Abraham 
Van Arnam, near Benjamin Thurber's store, who makes it his business to wait 
on such as may please to favor him." 

Captain Stephen Ashley, having obtained from Jacob I). Van der Heyden 
the lease of a plat of ground, on the north-east corner of River and Ferry 
streets, began erecting there a two-story wooden building for an inn. His 
intention to occupy it on the expiration of the two years' lease of the Van der 
Heyden house, known as the Farmers' Inn, caused Matthias Van der Heyden 
to insert, on May 10th, 1788, the following advertisement in the Federal 
Herald, published in Lansingburgh : 

"The subscriber respectfully informs the public that as the time for which 
he leased his ferry to Captain S. Ashley hath expired, he proposes to exert 
himself in expediting the crossing of those who may please to take passage in 
his boat, which will ever be in readiness directly opposite the house at present 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 27 

occupied by said Ashley. The terms of crossing will be as moderate as can 
reasonably be expected, and a considerable allowance made to those who con- 
tract for the season. 

" He has in contemplation to commence keeping tavern in a few weeks from 
the date hereof, when no exertions of his shall be wanting to accommodate 
those who shall resort the house from which Mr. Ashley will shortly remove. 

" N. B. Notice for crossing will be given by sounding a conk-shell a few 
minutes before the boat starts." 

On June 5th, Jonathan Hunt rented lot 14, on the west side of River Street, 
the second south of Congress Street ; and, on the 24th of the same month, lot 
89, on the north-east corner of First and Congress streets. Having erected a 
building on the River Street lot and fitted it for a store, he, on October 4th, 
advertised in the Federal Herald, that he had "just received and opened for 
sale at Ashley's Ferry, three miles below Lansingburgh, a neat assortment of 
dry goods, iron tnongery, and groceries." 

Ephraim Morgan, having moved from New City, advertised in the same 
newspaper, on August 4th, that he had for sale " at the store lately occupied 
by Captain S. Ashley, three miles below Lansingburgh, an assortment of dry 
goods," and other commodities. 

Richard Grinnell, on the 26th of the same month, announced in the Albany 
Gazette that he had imported " in the brig Jane, from London," and was then 
"opening at the house of Matthias Van der Heyden," a general assortment 
of " European and West India Goods." He further informed the public that 
he had received " likewise a chest of medicine, put up by the learned Doctor 
Griffith Williams of London, a gentleman well known throughout the United 
States for his attachment to America in defending their rights and liberties." 

Daniel Carpenter, who had erected a two-story wooden building on the west 
side of the River Road, where now is the large establishment of George P. Ide 
& Co., collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturers, on the north-west corner of River 
and Hutton streets, was mentioned in the Federal Herald as having a store 
"two miles below Lansingburgh." On October 5th, an advertisement in the 
same newspaper informed the public that cash was paid " for good wheat by 
Morgan, Boardman, & Coit, at their store, [on the south-west corner of River 
and Congress streets,] three miles from Lansingburgh ; " the last-named 
members of the firm having entered into partnership with Ephraim Morgan 
shortly before the announcement. 

Robert McClellan & Co., another enterprising firm of merchants, obtained 
of Jacob D. Van der Heyden a lease of lot 1 7, on the west side of River Street, 
the second lot north of Congress Street. 

Among the advertisements inserted in the Federal Herald, in 1 788, was one 



2 8 TROY'S OXE HUXDRED YEARS. 

informing the public that " Asa Crossen, Taylor and Habit-Maker, from New 
London," was carrying on "his business in all its branches at Messrs. Ashley 
and Van der Heyden's ferry." 

The zeal of the early settlers at Yanderheyden in advancing their local 
interests is noticeable in the advertisements they made of their individual 
callings. In the newspapers of Albany and Lansingburgh, where their most 
active competitors for the trade of the surrounding country were in business, 
they inserted not unfrequently the largest and most attractive advertisements 
found in those journals. The aggressive character of this competition did not 
escape remark and commendation. 

Elkanah Watson, a political economist interested in the project of deepen- 
ing the channels of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers for the passage of canal- 
boats, wrote in his journal the following observations concerning the enterprise 
of the alert inhabitants of the village: " From Schenectady [in the fall of 
1788,] I pursued the road across a thickly settled country, embracing many fine 
farms, to Ashley's Ferry, six miles above Albany. On the east side of the 
river, at this point, a new town has been recently laid out, named Yander- 
heyden. This place is situated precisely at the head of navigation on the 
Hudson. Several bold and enterprising adventurers have already settled here; 
a number of capacious warehouses and several dwellings are already erected. 
It is favorably situated in reference to the important and growing trade of 
Vermont and Massachusetts ; and I believe it not only bids fair to be a serious 
thorn in the side of New City, but in the issue a fatal rival. 

" I spent a day examining this locality, and then walked on the bank of the 
Hudson, a distance of three miles, to New City, where I continued several 
days. This place is thronged by mercantile emigrants, principally from New 
England, who have enjoyed a very extensive and lucrative trade, supplying 
Vermont and the region on both banks of the Hudson, as far as Lake George, 
with merchandise, and receiving in payment wheat, pot and pearl ashes, and 
lumber. But, as I remarked, I think Yanderheyden must, from its more eligi- 
ble position, attain the ultimate ascendency. 

" I crossed the river at Half-Moon, [YVaterford,] a small hamlet containing 
about twenty dwellings; and about a mile from this place I visited the Cohoes 
Falls, upon the Mohawk River. * * * In view of ascending by locks from 
the Hudson into the Mohawk River, it appears to me that the obstacles at this 
place will be much greater than to cut a canal across the pine plains, into a 
grand basin, back of Albany." 

Considering the name Yanderheyden too polysyllabic, Dutch, and strange, 
the settlers determined to select a shorter and more acceptable designation 
for the village. On Monday evening, January 5th, 1789, they met at Ashley's 



TROY'S OXE HUNDRED YEARS. 29 

Inn, near the north-east corner of River and Ferry streets, and voted that the 
action taken by them in the choice of a name should be published in the 
Albany and Lansingburgh newspapers. 

In three successive issues of the Albany Gazette, the following facsimile 
advertisement appeared, announcing the proceedings of the meeting: 

To the Public. 

THIS evening the Freeholders of 
the place lately known by Van- 
oer Heyden's or Ashley's-Ferry, 
fuuate on the ea(l bank of Hudfon's- 
river, about feven miles above Alba- 
ny, met for the purpofe of eftablifh- 
ing a name for the laid place-, when, 
by a majority of voices, it was con- 
firmed, that in future, it fhould be 
called and known by the name of 

TROY. 

From its prefent improved ftate, and 
the more pleating profpect of its po- 
pularity, anting from the natural ad- 
vantages in the Mercantile Line, it 
may not be too fanguine to expect, at 
no very ditlant period, to fee TROY, 
as famous for her Trade and Naviga- 
tion as marry of our firft towns. 
Troy, 5th January, 1789. 3W 

The summary repudiation of the original name by the settlers was harshly 
criticised by the members of the Van der Heyden family. Jacob D. Van der 
Heyden was sorely offended, and for a number of years thereafter continued 
using the former designation in his conveyances, by writing it, " Vanderhey- 
den alias Troy." A week after the renaming of the place, a pretentious 
critic, under the name of " Nestor," presented his reflections on it in the 
Federal Herald, in the following paragraph: 

" Yesterday I heard that a neighboring village had assumed the name of 
Troy — for what reason I cannot conceive, as I find not the least resemblance 
between the old city of that name and this small village. — Some classical 
critic has perhaps thought fit so to style it, from dissimilitude, as lucus is 
derived a non lucendo. — Some wag must surely have been playing a trick with 
the good people of the place, and is now laughing in his sleeve at their igno- 
rance of ancient history. Let them consider what constructions may be put 



30 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

upon their choice, when it is so publicly known how the letters of said title 
may be placed, and what they signify. First, Tyro, in Latin, is a novice, a 
fresh-water sailor, or a fair-weather soldier. Second, Ryot, (according to the 
old way of spelling,) and surely they are not so famous for kicking up a dust 
that the letters composing the name of their town designate their character. 
Lastly, Tory; this alone would be sufficient to induce them to reject what 
ever bears the least resemblance to so hated a character." 

Satisfied as they were with the choice of the classical name, the emulous 
settlers directed their thoughts and energies to make Troy as famous for 
her trade and navigation as many of " the first towns" in the state If it be 
true, as it is said, that at the time of the naming of Troy there were five 
stores and about a dozen dwellings in the place, it would seem the stores 
within the limits of the village, were those of Benjamin Covell, Doctor Sam- 
uel Gale, Jonathan Hunt, Morgan, Boardman, & Coit, and Robert McClellan 
& Co. The number of inhabitants in 1789 did not probably exceed fifty. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE VILLAGE OF TROY. 
I 789-1800. 

THE advertisement of the naming of Troy besides giving publicity to the 
action of the settlers also popularized their expectations of the place 
becoming as famous for its trade and commerce as many of the older 
towns. The publication of this declaration was evidently the means of attract- 
ing many New England people to the settlement and not a few from Lan- 
singburgh, Albany, and other places in the State of New York, for throughout 
the year 1 789 the saw-mills on the Poesten and Wynants kills were taxed 
with orders for lumber, and during the summer and fall, the erection of new 
buildings was prosecuted with the utmost diligence and expedition. 

On January 22d, Philip Heartt obtained a lease of lot 42, on the east side 
of River Street, between Congress and State streets. 

In February following, the two brothers, Samuel and Ebenezer Willson, of 
Mason, New Hampshire, trudged across the hilly country to the little settle- 
ment. Samuel was then twenty-two years old and his brother twenty-seven. 
In the following summer they began making brick on the west side of Mount 
Ida, near the intersection of Sixth Avenue and Ferry Street. They made those 
with which the first brick building erected in the village was constructed, — 
the two-story dwelling, built in 1792, by James Spencer, on the north-west 
corner of Second and Albany streets. They also furnished the brick for the 
first court-house and jail. 

Mahlon Taylor, an enterprising millwright from New Jersey, also settled at 
Troy in 17S9. From Lansingburgh came Colonel Albert Pawling and Col- 
onel Abraham Ten Eyck, two distinguished officers of the Revolutionary War, 
who had been merchandising in that village for a number of years. They 
erected the large two-story wooden building, burned on June 25th, 1867, on 
the north-west corner of River and Congress streets, where now is the more 
imposing Brown Building. Conrad J. Elmendorf was associated with them 
in business under the firm name of Abraham Ten Eyck & Co. After the 
withdrawal of Colonel Albert Pawling, the name was changed to Ten Eyck & 
Elmendorf. On November 1st, 1800, the partnership was dissolved. 



32 TROY- S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

James Caldwell, Josiah Kellogg, Israel Knapp, Henderick Oothoudt, and 
Isaac Rogers were also engaged in business in Troy in 17S9. 

The privilege of running a stage between Lansingburgh and Albany, 
granted Ananias Piatt, an innkeeper of the former place, by the Legislature, 
in 1789, greatly benefited the people of Troy. The coach began running on 
April 2 1 st, and stopped, going and returning, at Ashley's Inn. The fare for 
"a round trip" was four shillings. Five years later, two stages passed over 
the route daily, crossing the ferry at Troy. 

The brothers, Christopher and Timothy Hutton, identified themselves with 
the interests of the village about the time it was called Troy. Tradition 
relates that Christopher Hutton suggested the classic name. They engaged 
in the business of purchasing and shipping grain and country produce, and 
erected, about 1790, the old wooden two-story building, forty by forty-three, 
demolished in November, 1889, which stood on the west side of River Street, 
opposite King Street, at the north end of the site of the extensive buildings of 
Cluett, Coon, & Co., collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturers. The two brothers 
also built the two-story brick dwelling, burned on December 7th, 1S79, on the 
north-east corner of River and Hutton streets, where they lived for many years. 
Their name is still perpetuated in that of Hutton Street. Timothy Hutton 
was one of the first elders of the First Presbyterian Church, having been 
elected on August 8th, 1793. In 181 3-14, he was president of the board of 
village trustees. 

The spiritual interests of the inhabitants were not forgotten in the attempt 
to make the place an important center of trade and commerce. Some of the 
principal men began conducting religious services in the ball-room of Ashley's 
Tavern, and afterward continued them in the village school-house. 

The Sunday meetings soon led those attending them to consider the feasi- 
bility of organizing a religious society, and of calling a minister to take charge 
of it. Most of the settlers were Presbyterians and they preferred to be mem- 
bers of a society of their own denomination. The others were Baptists, 
Episcopalians, Methodists, and Quakers. The Van der Heydens were mem 
bers of the Dutch Reformed Church. 

The preference of the greater number prevailed, and on December 31st, 
1791, at Ashley's Inn, "the inhabitants of the Town of Troy incorporated them- 
selves into a Presbyterian congregation according to a law of the State of 
New York, in that case made and provided, and chose six trustees", — Jacob 
D. Van der Heyden, Samuel Gale, Ephraim Morgan, John McChesney, sr., 
Benjamin Covell, and Benjamin Gorton. On August 9th, 1792, "the inhabit- 
ants of the Town of Lansingburgh incorporated themselves into a Presbyterian 
rrecration in the same manner and chose the same number of trustees." 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 33 

The collections taken on Sunday having diminished largely in amount on 
account of the scarcity of small coin, the trustees of the congregation in Troy, 
began issuing to the members, on August 28th, notes of the value of two 
pence, which soon increased the weekly revenue of the church. 

On August 30th, the inhabitants "subscribed a call for Mr. Jonas Coe, a 
licentiate of the Presbytery of New York, in the name of the United Presby- 
terian congregations of Lansingburgh and Troy." 

Jacob D. Van der Heyden, having given the congregation in Troy three lots 
on the south side of Congress Street, fronting on First Street, the erection of a 
plain, wooden meeting-house, forty by sixty feet, was begun on the middle one, 
in the summer of 1792. For framing and inclosing the building, the con- 
tractors, Abel House, Robert Powers, Henry and John DeCamp, and Benjamin 
Smith were paid "forty-six pounds, thirteen shillings, York money, in cash; 
and ninety-three pounds, seven shillings, in European and West India goods, 
at retail prices in Troy." 

At a meeting of the trustees, on November 26th, a resolution was passed 
to solicit further contributions for the completion of the meeting-house. 
"Whereas the inhabitants of the town have begun and partly completed a 
church building, but by reason of the almost infant settlement, and a variety 
of other public expenses, which must necessarily attend a newly settled town, 
they find it burdensome for them to carry their wishes into effect without call- 
ing in the aid of their friends and fellow Christians, we therefore, the trustees 
of said congregation, * * * hereby appoint Jacob D. Van der Heyden to 
present our memorial to all whom he shall think proper, requesting their aid 
and assistance in the completion of the above undertaking." 

In the following winter sufficient money was subscribed to pay for the floor- 
ing, which was laid in the spring of 1793. In order to use the meeting-house 
for the ordination of the Rev. Jonas Coe, on Tuesday, June 25th, a temporary 
platform was erected at one end of it, and boards resting on blocks of wood 
were placed in it for sittings. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was first 
administered in the church, on March 8th, 1794, and was partaken of by the 
members of the united churches of the two villages. The building was not 
completed until some years later. 

The high cylindrical pulpit was reached by a narrow flight of winding, bal- 
ustraded steps. The canopy above it was surmounted with the figure of a 
dove. Below and in front of it was the desk of the clerk, who lined the 
psalms and hymns, and led the singing. The sittings were the plain, olden- 
time box-pews. In winter, hot bricks and foot-stoves filled with live coals 
were commonly carried to the building for the comfort of the aged and deli- 
cate members attending the Sunday services. Not unfrequently, when the 



34 TROY'S. ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

temperature was extremely low, the Rev. Jonas Coe preached in his cloak, 
with knitted gloves on his hands. 

On June ist, 1795, Jacob D. Van der Heyden, in consideration of five shil- 
lings paid him, conveyed to the trustees sixteen lots, including the three " on 
which the meeting-house stood." 

In April, 1803, Albert Pawling and Nicholas Schuyler were appointed a 
committee to have "a substantial pale fence" built "round the public square 
to enclose the meeting-house," and to have the ground leveled, at a cost 
of $250. 

In the winter of 1803-4, the introduction of a stove to heat the meeting- 
house caused considerable discussion, and a number of offended members 
withdrew from the church. When carpets were first laid in the aisles not a 
few had compunctions of conscience respecting the worldliness of the innova- 
tion. The use of a bass viol and several other musical instruments to sup- 
port the singing of the choir was so much abhorred by some of the members 
that they never afterward entered the building. 

In [anuary, 1S04, the Rev. Jonas Coe closed his pastorate of the united 
churches of Troy and Lansingburgh, and became the pastor of the Troy con- 
gregation. 

In 181 5, a collection of $450 was made "to purchase a suitable bell to be 
hung in the steeple." In 1819 a session-house was erected, on the south side 
of the church, for "a house of prayer" and other purposes. 

In 1 791, the following persons are named in the Lansingburgh newspaper 
as engaged in business in Troy: Asa and Zephaniah Anthony, Andrew Cath- 
cart & Co., Lawrence Dorset, Benjamin and John Gale, grocers, (in the store 
previously occupied by Andrew Cathcart & Co.); Jonathan & Alsop Hunt, mer- 
chants; John Pease & Co., (adjoining the house of Jacob D. Van der Heyden); 
Amos Rathbun, Wait Rathbun, and William Willard, drugs and medicines. 

The first mill for the manufacture of paper in Northern New York was 
erected on the Poesten Kill, in 1792. Mahlon -Taylor built it "near his 
dwelling-house," on the west side of the creek. On the bank of the creek, 
near the site of the present Canal Mills of Andrew Ruff, he also erected a 
grist-mill and a saw-mill; the same flume supplying the three mills with water 
from the dam built by him, three or four hundred feet east of the grist-mill. 

On December 29th, that year, Mahlon Taylor sold the paper-mill to Charles 
R. and George Webster, printers in Albany, Ashbel Seymour, and Perely 
Ensign, paper-makers, of the city of Hartford, Connecticut, for ^400. The 
manufacturers shortly afterward advertised in the newspapers that they would 
pay at the mill three pence a pound for white, blue, brown, and check rags, 
and a proportionate price for other kinds. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 35 

In the fall of 1792, Silas Covell, who had married Rebecca Thurber, the sis- 
ter of Benjamin Thurber, in 1783, moved to Troy from Providence, and, under 
the firm name of Benjamin & Silas Covell, engaged in business with his 
brother. Subsequently the brothers removed their stock of goods to a two- 
story wooden building on the west side of River Street, the second lot south of 
Congress Street, and continued merchandising there until they dissolved part- 
nership, on October 5th, 1800. 

Mrs. Albert Pawling, describing, in 1847, the appearance of the village, when 
she as the wife of John Bird came to reside in it, writes : "When we went 
there in 1 792, there were from fifteen to twenty stores of all descriptions ; sev- 
eral from two to four stories high. Ten Eyck & Pawling's was where the 
forwarding store now is, [on the north-west corner of River and Congress 
streets]. * * * On the opposite [south-west] corner was the one 
owned by Benjamin Gorton. Adjoining him, on the south, was William Bay- 
eau's silversmith shop. * * '"' The next to him was [a large store], that 
of the two Messrs. Hunt, [Jonathan and Alsop), young men from New York. 
Adjoining them were the two Messrs. Knight, Quakers ; also from New York ; 
and that block was filled out by a Mr. Pease, [John], from Hudson, with a 
brick dwelling-house and store. 

"On the opposite [south-west] corner of Ferry and River streets was Doc- 
tor Gale's * * * house and store, which was afterward burned down. The 
next two were occupied by Benjamin Covell. 

" North of Ten Eyck & Pawling's store were several small shops. Then 
[on the north-west corner of River and State streets] was the store of Asa 
Anthony & Son, and then [farther north] came the high store of the Merritts. 

" Next above Deacon [Philip] Heartt's, [on the west side of River Street, 
between State and Albany streets], lived Mr. [Joshua] Owen who kept a 
small tavern. He had three daughters, all pious. The oldest, [Mary;] Mr. 
Van der Heyden, the patroon, took for his second wife. He [Jacob D.,] was 
a widower, when I went there. 

" On the opposite corner from Mr. Ten Eyck's house, | which stood on the 
north-east corner of River and Congress streets], lived a Mr. Pierce, [Jeremiah], 
about where the old Mansion House stood, [known in 1829, as Thurston's Hotel, 
No. 140 River Street]. He kept a respectable tavern and boarding house. 
Next was [the house of] Mahlon Taylor, who built the first flouring mill with 
elevator in that region of country, afterwards owned by the Merritts. 

"Mr. Bird, myself, and little son, about three years old, went to Troy the 
first of November, 1792, and stopped at Captain Rathbun's boarding house, 
where we remained until our furniture could be brought in by sleighs in winter. 
They [Wait Rathbun and wife,] were a worthy couple from Stonington, Conn., 



36 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

and had a numerous and agreeable family of children, sons and daughters, 
grown up. Captain Rathbun's house, [on the north-west corner of First and 
Congress streets,] was the largest and best kept boarding house in the village. 
He built it himself. It is the one on the corner opposite George Vail's, where 
it now stands. 

'• He had several boarders, among whom was Benjamin Gorton, at that time 
by far the greatest beau in the village ; always in full dress, with his hair 
powdered, a ruffle on his shirt-bosom, large bunches of ribbon on each knee, 
and large buckles on his shoes. Afterward he became a most pious person, 
no denomination was quite good enough for him, and like Swedenborg he had 
one of his own. 

" The county of Rensselaer had recently been set off from Albany County, 
and a location for the court-house was to be decided at the session of the 
Legislature during the ensuing winter, which, at that time, was held in New 
York. It was evident that there would be a contest for the court-house, and 
the members from Rensselaer County to avoid the appearance of partiality 
and to save the county the expenditure of a little money, made it known 
that the village which would subscribe the most liberally for the erection of 
the building should be preferred. Lansingburgh was very sure of getting the 
court-house, but the Trojans knew their own interest too well to let such a 
prize be lost without an effort to secure it. The people were few in number 
compared with those of Lansingburgh ; generally young adventurers, and hav- 
ing more on their hands than they could carry well; but they did not mind 
their burdens. One man told Colonel Pawling that he had subscribed more 
than he was worth, if his debts were paid; — which was a hundred dollars. 
All felt the importance of obtaining the county-seat for Troy, and they were 
united and zealous. Sometimes their zeal carried them too far as in the case 
of Colonel Pawling. He was sheriff of the county at the time, and when he 
went out on his special business he took the subscription for the court-house 
with him. Business once called him near the Massachusetts line, and when 
calling on a man to make an inquiry, he learned that the man was absent from 
home. On questioning the man's wife on her husband's views respecting the 
location of the court-house, he was surprised to learn that her husband was an 
inhabitant of Massachusetts. 

" Troy subscribed one thousand pounds, and got the court-house to the great 
astonishment of the people of Lansingburgh. This success increased the popu- 
larity of Troy, and new settlers came very fast, not only from the country but 
many from Lansingburgh, or New City, before their neighbors knew it. 

" The two Messrs. Lane, [Aaron and Colonel Derick Lane,] came down 
one moonlight night, [in 1799], and Colonel Pawling went with them, and 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 37 

they situated the lots on which their houses and store were built; and many 
others did the same. 

" Troy prospered greatly, which I always attributed to the way in which the 
people rightly started. They remembered the Sabbath day to keep it holy. 
Tliey commenced public worship when there was but one man in the village 
who could make a prayer. They began their worship in Ashley's ball- 
chamber, and afterward continued it in a small school house. They assembled 
at the blowing of a conch shell; the one used to call over the ferry boat. To 
notify the people of public worship, it was slower, more continuously, and 
longer blown. When heard precisely at nine o'clock, we were sure of preach- 




babcock's citv- hotel, 1822. 

(Originally Ashley's Tavern, 1788.) 



ing at ten. The worship commenced with a prayer by Mr. Frazer, the sexton. 
After the prayer, Mr. Van der Heyden would line out a psalm, and the New 
Ensdanders, both men and women, would all sing. After the singinsr, a ser- 
mon was read by Doctor Gale or Colonel Pawling; both good readers and 
selectors of good sermons. The service closed as it began. 

"Afterward we had preaching every other Sabbath statedly in the little red 
school house. On the alternate Sabbath we had the reading of a sermon as 
formerly, and were summoned in the usual way, but we had more persons 
who could pray. Deacon Heartt and old Mr. Owen went to Troy the same 
year I did. They could both pray. In the same autumn I went to Troy, the 
people of the village and of Lansingburgh had hired the Rev. Jonas Coe to 
preach alternately in the two places. In the same fall the people had going 



38 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

a subscription for the building of a Presbyterian meeting house, which was 
raised and boarded the ensuing winter. The next summer a floor was laid 
and a temporary stage put up for the ordination of Mr. Coe. Boards sup- 
ported on blocks were used for seats. * * * The people finished the 
meeting house, and commenced building the court-house that year. * * * 

" The most noted tavern was Stephen Ashley's, at the Babcock stand, — a 
place where just such a tavern was needed for the accommodation of the 
rivermen and the people from the country, who would naturally resort to 
it, being near the ferry. Mr. Ashley had two signs which were quite charac- 
teristic. On the road running from the country, on the east side of the house, 
he had a small gate, hanging to a strip of board, supported by a tall post on 
each side of the road, on which was printed in large letters: 

" ' This gate hangs high, it hinders none, refresh, then pay, and travel on.' 

" In front of his house was a tall sign post on the top of which was an open 
three sided box, turning on a pivot and revolving whenever the wind blew. 
On each side of it, was lettered. 'Come, here is Ashley's, let us call.'' 

When Rensselaer County was erected, on February 7th, 1791, Troy ceased 
to be a village within the limits of Albany County. On March 18th, the town 
of Troy was formed from Rensselaerswyck, and the village became a part of 
the former. 

The sittings of the first court held, in the new countv, that of Common 
Pleas, began on Tuesday, May 3d, that year, at the inn of Ananias Piatt, in 
Lansingburgh, where it adjourned to meet on the second Tuesday of Novem- 
ber following, at the inn of Stephen Ashley, in Troy. 

In his " Reminiscences of Troy," the Hon. John Woodworth describes the 
competition in obtaining the decision of the Legislature regarding the loca- 
tion of the county buildings : 

" In 1 791 there was not much difference in the number of inhabitants each 
village contained ; Lansingburgh was the older settlement, and put in strong 
claims for the court house ; Troy was equally zealous, contending it was more 
central ; an animated spirit of rivalry commenced ; its influence was felt in the 
State election of 1792 ; the Trojans nominated Robert Woodworth for Sena- 
tor, and an Assembly ticket of five members, composed of the following names : 
Christopher Hutton, Josiah Masters, Nicholas Staats, Jonathan Niles, and 
Jonas Odel. It was a mixed ticket, composed in part of federalists ; but all 
in favor of Troy on the court-house question. 

" Mr. Hutton was a federalist, he resided in the upper part of the village ; 
he had been an officer in the army of the Revolution, and although not of 
high grade, it was well understood by persons familiar with the War of Inde- 
pendence, that he was highly esteemed, and considered an officer of great 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



39 




PRESBYTERIAN MEETING-HOUSE, COURT-HOUSE, JAIL, AND MOULTON's COFFEE-HOUSE, 1798. 

merit by Washington. There was much dignity in his personal appearance, 
accompanied by a suavity of manner that made a favorable impression ; he 
was remarkable for calmness when others were excited ; his conversation was 
always marked by good sense ; in short, I considered him one of nature's 
noblemen. 

" His brother and partner, Timothy Hutton, was an estimable man; with- 
out much training in schools, he was a gentleman of polished manners, of 
strict integrity, and always to be relied on as a valued friend ; he was the 
father of the Rev. Doctor Hutton, an esteemed minister in the Reformed 
Dutch Church in the city of New York. My association with the brothers 
was constant and familiar. * * * 

" The Troy ticket succeeded ; their member of the Senate and members of 
the Assembly were elected. At the ensuing session of the Legislature, in the 
city of New York, in January, 1793, the court-house was established in Troy." 



40 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

To influence the action of the members of the Legislature, the emulous 
settlers of Troy promised to pay to the county treasurer one thousand pounds 
to defray a part of the expense of the erection of the court-house and jail, 
should they be built in the village. 

Having decided that Troy should be the county seat, the Legislature, on 
January nth, 1793, passed the "act for the building of a court-house and 
gaol in the county of Rensselaer," authorizing the supervisors to levy the sum 
of six hundred pounds on the inhabitants of the county for that purpose, and 
an "additional sum of one shilling in the pound" for the collection of the tax. 
Cornelius Lansing, Jacob C. Schermerhorn, Abraham Ten Eyck, Mahlon Tay- 
lor, and Jacob D.Van der Heyden, were named commissioners to superintend 
the building of the courthouse and jail, which, as provided by the act, were to 
be erected " within sixty rods of the dwelling house of Stephen Ashley, in the 
village of Troy, in the town of Troy." 

Three days after the passage of the act the subscriptions began to be taken 
by Colonel Albert Pawling and Christopher Hutton. The sums subscribed 
ranged from fifteen shillings to three hundred pounds. 

For the site of the buildings, Jacob D. Van der Heyden gave to the super- 
visors, on March 22d, the three lots, 145, 146, and 147, on the east side of 
Second Street, south of Congress Street. 

The further sum of eight hundred pounds for completing the court-house 
and gaol was authorized to be levied by the supervisors by the act of legisla- 
ture passed March 25th, 1794. On the completion of the court-house, a bell, 
lettered "Bailey & Henderly, C. F., New York, Fecit 1794," was placed in the 
belfry, surmounting the hip-roof of the two-story brick building. In November, 
that year, "proposals for building a gaol," on the alley, at the rear of the court- 
house, were advertised. Until the completion of the two-story brick jail, a 
room, with a iron-barred door and window, in the court-house, was used for the 
confinement of criminals. 

A whipping-post and a pair of stocks were placed in the court-house yard. 
Occasionally criminals were publicly whipped there by the sheriff or his depu- 
ties ; the offenders receiving a number of lashes less than forty. Those locked 
in the stocks were often objects of ridicule and frequently were pelted with 
offensive missiles by children. 

On March 8th, 1793, Jacob D. Van der Heyden leased the west half of lot 
112, on the north side of Ferry Street, between First and Second streets, to 
Samuel Willson, at an annual ground rent of thirty shillings, where the latter 
erected the two-story wooden dwelling, No. 43, still standing there. Some 
years later he and his brother Fbenezer engaged in the slaughtering of cattle. 
Having built " two large and convenient slaughter-houses," they, in September, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 41 

1 805, were " enabled to kill, cut, and pack one hundred and fifty head of cattle " 
a day. During the war of 1812-15, they frequently killed and packed a thou- 
sand head weekly. In 181 7, they dissolved partnership. Ebenezer died in 
New York City, on July 2 2d, 1825, aged 63 years, and Samuel, in Troy, on 
July 31st, 1854, aged 88 years. Some years after settling at Troy they omitted 
the double consonant in their surname, writing it Wilson. 

The brewing of beer in the village was, as it seems, begun at a very early 
date, for Colonel Stephen J. Schuyler was advertised, in 1793, as having a 
brewery in Troy. 

In 1794, Troy became the temporary home of several distinguished French 
refugees. The most eminent were Frederic Seraphin, marquis de la Tour du 
Pin Gouvernet, and his lovely wife. The marquis had served with distinction 
as an officer in the French army, and at the beginning of the Reign of Terror, 
had loyally devoted himself to save Louis XVI from dethronement. Losing 
in a single day, in April, 1794, by ordered executions, his father, father-in-law, 
and uncle, and knowing that his own life was in jeopardy, he escaped arrest 
by concealing himself for six weeks in the city of Bordeaux. There he 
secretly succeeded in obtaining passports to America for himself, his children 
and their nurse. Disguised as peasants they embarked without detection and 
had a safe passage to the United States. The young and accomplished mar- 
chioness was also successful in securing a passport, dressed as a boy, under 
the name of Charles Lee, whose uncle, it was alleged, had died, leaving him 
property in the United States. 

Sailing as they did in different vessels, the marquis and marchioness were 
some weeks later joyously united in New York City. It is said that the only 
property they brought with them was several hundred fine towels contained 
in two trunks. Bearing letters of introduction to certain wealthy citizens of 
Albany, they arrived in that city in a sloop from New York. Being advised 
that Troy would afford them a pleasant as well as a secluded residence, the 
anxious exiles came to the village in the early part of the summer, bringing 
letters of introduction to Mrs. John Bird, afterward the wife of Colonel 
Albert Pawling. Her kind offices and sympathy were gratefully accepted 
and appreciated by the homeless foreigners. Desiring to live in the utmost 
seclusion possible, they requested her to refrain from introducing them to her 
friends and acquaintances, and to shield them as far as practicable from any 
attentions which as strangers and persons of rank might be shown them by 
the inhabitants. 

The marquis rented the vacant tavern, known in later years by the name 
of Mechanics' Hall, No. 140 River Street. It was the only unoccupied build- 
ino- in the village at that time suitable for a residence. On their occupation 
6 



42 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

of it, some rough boards were nailed across the front door-way to obviate the 
intrusion of undesired visitors. The bar room, used for a parlor and dining- 
room, was cheaply and scantily furnished, and the bedrooms were also pro- 
vided with the commonest furniture. The sum of eight thousand dollars, pos- 
sessed by the marquis, was placed at interest, and on the small income it 
afforded, he undertook the maintenance of the family while in the village. 
The faithful nurse served them as a housekeeper. The food, fuel, and other 
necessaries were usually purchased by the marquis. Mr. and Mrs. Bird were 
the only visitors received by them. The marquis and marchioness were 
always affable and entertaining, and seldom made their misfortunes the sub- 
jects of conversation. In many simple ways they endeavored to dispel the 
gloom of their thoughts on receiving intelligence of the execution of their 
friends in France, and the adversities of the families to which they were re- 
lated by birth or marriage. 

The nephew of Comte de Rochambeau having made their home in Troy a 
temporary refuge, he and the marquis took long strolls into the country, on 
both sides of the river. Although Roman Catholics, they frequently attended 
services on Sunday in the Presbyterian meeting-house. Occasionally they 
were visited by Talleyrand and other proscribed compatriots. 

Finding his limited means insufficient for the support of the family, the 
marquis purchased a small farm, three miles west of the village of Washing- 
ton, later known as Port Schuyler, and moved from Troy to cultivate it, assisted 
by a number of slaves. A part of the produce of the farm he sold in Troy 
and Albany. 

At the close of the French Revolution, the marquis returned to France with 
his family. His confiscated property was restored to him and his political 
ability was again employed in the services of his country. Under the Empire, 
he was prefect of Amiens and Brussels, counselor to the embassy at the Con- 
gress of Vienna, minister plenipotentiary to the court of the Netherlands, and 
afterward to Sardinia. In 1832, he retired to Lausanne, where he died in 
1837, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. 

By the act entitled "an act to appoint trustees to take and hold certain 
lands therein mentioned and for other purposes," passed by the Legislature, 
on March 25th, 1794, Jacob D. Van der Heyden, Benjamin Covell, Anthony 
Goodspeed, John Pease, Ephraim Morgan, Christopher Hutton, and Samuel 
Gale, were " declared to be the first trustees for the freeholders and inhabit- 
ants of that part of the town of Troy," which lay within the original limits of 
the Van der Heyden farm of 1707, between the Poesten Kill and Meadow 
Creek. The act also ordained that the freeholders and inhabitants of the vil- 
lage should elect, on the second Tuesday of May, in each year, a similar num- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



43 



ber of trustees. The act further provided that they should " establish such 
prudential rules and orders " by which the streets in the village should be 
kept clean and in repair. 

In 1794, Jacob D. Van der Heyden erected a two-story brick mansion, near 
the later south-west corner of Grand Division and Eighth streets. It was 
approached by a lane running eastwardly from the north end of River Street 
then terminating at the line of Grand Division Street. On the completion of 
the conspicuous building, he occupied it with his family and resided there until 
his death in 1809. His second son, John G. Van der Heyden, subsequently 
lived in it for a number of years. In 1826, Allen Fisk rented it, and opened 
there, in May, that year, his "select classical and boarding school." In 1834, 




JACOB D. VAN DER HEYDEN S MANSION, 1794. 

it was rented by the trustees of the Rensselaer Institute, who moved the 
school to it from the old Farmers' Bank Building, at the north bounds of the 
village. The institute continued there until 1841, when its sessions were again 
held in the Bank Building. After the founding of the Warren Free Institute 
in 1844, that school occupied the building until the mansion was burned in 
the fire of May 10th, 1862. 

The first newspaper published in Troy was " The Recorder" a small four- 
columned page folio. The only extant copy known to the writer is the one pre- 
served in the library of the Troy Young Men's Association. It was issued on 
Tuesday, August 1 8th, 1795, and was "printed by George Gardner, near the 
court-house." The copy is number 208 of volume IV. It would seem that 
the publication of the Recorder was begun in 1791. 

The Duke de la Rochefoucault-Liancourt, having, in 1795, passed through 



44 TROY' S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the villages of New City and Troy, wrote of them in his journal : " Two new 
towns built five or six years ago a few miles above Albany, on the eastern 
bank of the river, share this [northern country] trade. These two towns, 
which have rapidly raised themselves to a considerable degree of importance, 
and are but three or four miles distant from each other, carry on the same 
trade as Albany, with about twenty-five or thirty vessels, which belong to them, 
draw from the back country the productions of these fruitful provinces, trans- 
mit them to New York, take in return European goods, and supply with them 
those parts which were formerly supplied from Albany. The greater distance, 
however, and less depth of water, are circumstances unfavorable to these new 
towns. The freight thence to Albany is two pence per barrel ; their largest 
ships are only sixty tons burden, and generally cannot take on board more than 
half their cargo, the remainder of which they receive from lighters, which 
attend them for that purpose, in the vicinity of Albany. Yet they continue 
their trade, increase daily, and will probably animate Albany to greater bold- 
ness and activity. 

" New City contains about sixty or seventy stores or shops, and Troy fifty 
or sixty. These new settled merchants all prosper, and their number is daily 
increasing. The merchants of Albany, it is reported, view this growing 
prosperity of their neighbors with an evil eye, and consider it as an encroach- 
ment upon their native rights. 

" On my return from Saratoga, I crossed the northern branch of the Mohawk 
River by Half-Moon, [Waterford,] to see the two new towns, New City and 
Troy, which, as has already been observed, were built a few years ago, and 
are already carrying on a considerable trade. The houses are very neat and 
numerous; almost every house contains a shop; the inns are excellent; vessels 
are moored near all the keys ; tan-yards, potash works, rope-walks, and mills 
are either in full work or building. The sight of this activity is truly charm- 
ing. A Mr. Taylor, who possesses about one hundred acres near the Poesten 
Kill, has erected here two grist-mills, two saw-mills, and one paper-mill." 

In recounting the various circumstances of the early settlers and their local 
undertakings, the Hon. John Woodworth in his "Reminiscences of Troy" 
observes : " There was at that early day, and what has distinguished Troy in 
all its progress, and was so conducive to its prosperity, a concert of action ; — 
a concentration of sentiment, and united efforts on all questions relating to the 
interest of the village. To all these, political questions held a secondary place; 
there was also a large proportion of practical business men of good sense and 
industrious habits, well-fitted for the positions in which they were placed ; 
capital in a short time became abundant, although but little at the commence- 
ment ; the rapid acquisition of wealth by regular business soon furnished an 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 45 

ample supply. Of the original inhabitants, and those who came shortly after 
them, a number are within my recollection. * * * 

" Daniel and Isaac Merritt occupied a store on the west side of River Street, 
near the location of the present Troy House. They were men of great in- 
dustry, and upright in all their dealings. I was intimately acquainted with 
Daniel ; in his manners kind and gentle ; he was a member of the Society of 
Friends, and a fair representative of that highly respectable religious sect; 
always ready to advance the cause of benevolence. * * * 

" Colonel Albert Pawling, already mentioned, claims particular notice. He 
was one of the earliest inhabitants ; he had been well educated at an academy 
in Kingston ; when quite a young man, he joined as an officer the army under 
General Montgomery, was engaged in the disastrous battle before Quebec's 
beleaguered walls, on the memorable night of December 31st, 1775. I never 
knew a man having higher notions of honor and integrity. Colonel Pawling 
was always among the foremost in promoting the interests of the village ; 
untiring in his exertions to procure funds to build the court-house; liberal in 
contributions to erect the First Presbyterian Church, for the settlement of a 
pastor, and always the advocate of a high standard of morals. * * * 

"The McCoun family came about 1793 or 1794; the sons were successful 
in trade ; their store, adjoining the river, was nearly opposite the present 
Mansion House. Townsend McCoun, one of the sons, was a director of the 
Farmers' Bank, when I resided in Troy ; he built a house on [the north-west 
corner of] Second Street, where his family now reside. 

"The venerable Philip Heartt was a resident when I first came to the vil- 
lage ; he became connected in business with Benjamin Smith and Joseph Rus- 
sell ; he was one of the founders and efficient officers of the Presbyterian 
Church, a particular friend of the Rev. Doctor Jonas Coe, from whom his son, 
the Hon. Jonas C. Heartt, derives his name. 

"The firm of Morgan, Boardman, & Coit, were established as merchants as 
early as 1790. Coit removed soon after; Morgan and Boardman were 
respectable men, [and continued] in business a number of years. Mr. Board- 
man built the house on the west side of Second Street, [on the south side of 
State Street,] now occupied by his family. * * * 

"Jeremiah Pierce came in 1793 from Massachusetts, and opened a tavern on 
River Street, [where afterward was Mechanics' Hall or Halstead's Hotel,] near 
the ferry. It was much resorted to by travellers for many years. After his 
death [in 1806], his son William continued the business, and kept one of the best 
taverns in the country. He was much esteemed, represented the county in the 
Assembly, and for some time held the office of postmaster in the city. * * * 

"Benjamin Gorton was a merchant, who came from Hudson; had been to 



4 6 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

China, and learned the meaning of a few Chinese words; being an old bach- 
elor, he soon married Miss [Mary] Foster, a handsome young woman, and 
occupied a part of his store on River Street, as a dwelling. * * * 

"Abandoning merchandise, he became a fanatic on questions of religion. 
Notwithstanding these vagaries, Mr. Gorton was a man of strict 
integrity, no one doubting his purity of intention. * * ' * 

" I could name a number of individuals, who would be an acquisition to any 
place, such as Ebenezer Jones, and his son-in-law, Captain Skelding, residing 
in the upper part of the village; Dr. John Loudon, Mahlon Taylor, owning 
the mills on the Poesten Kill, Jonathan and Alsop Hunt, sons of Mr. Hunt, 
of Hunt's Point, a Hurlgate pilot, who built a store near the ferry; Howard 
Moulton, who erected a building and kept a respectable tavern, near the 
court-house, on the- ground now occupied by the justly celebrated Female 
Seminary of Mrs. Willard. * * * 

"About the year 1799 ['794?1 Moses Vail removed from the village of 
Nassau to Troy. He had an interesting family of sons and daughters; he 
had been a senator in the Legislature of this state for four years. After he 
came to Troy, he was appointed [in 1800] sheriff under the Federal adminis- 
tration. He was a man of unquestioned integrity, kind and gentle 
in his manners. * * * Of him now dead, it may be said, 'his sons come to 
honor, and he knoweth it not' Yet before his departure, he had the happy 
presage of their distinction, now verified in the person of George Vail, late 
president of the Merchants and Mechanics' Bank, a patron of agriculture, and 
the interests connected with it, and the Hon. Henry Vail, late a representa- 
tive of the county in the Congress of the United States." 

Moses Vail, it is well known, erected a flouring mill on the Poesten Kill, in 
1794, between Mahlon Taylor's mill and Mount Ida Falls, and advertised in 
the following year " for flour barrels to be delivered at his mill one mile east 
of Troy." 

Among the number of Baptists living in Troy at that time were Silas 
Covell, Adam Keeling, and Anthony Goodspeed. Desiring to have Elder 
Elias Lee preach to them and other inhabitants of the same religious belief, 
they, in 1793, requested him after conducting services on a Sunday morning 
in Albany to come and deliver a sermon at the dwelling of Silas Covell, on 
the north-west corner of River and Liberty streets. Arriving in the village, in 
the afternoon, on horseback, he preached to a small congregation, and after- 
ward, at different times, on Sundays, in the warehouse of Benjamin & Silas 
Covell, on the river bank, in the rear of their store on the west side of River 
Street, and on the second lot south of Congress Street. Later the founders of 
the first Baptist society, worshipped in the court-house, at stated times. On 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 47 

October 15th, 1795, they organized " The First Particular Baptist Church in 
the village of Troy." " In consideration of the sum of five shillings," Jacob 
D. Van der Heyden, conveyed, on January 30th, 1796, to the trustees of the 
church, lot 231, on the east side of Third Street, between State and Congress 
streets, " for the purpose of a burial ground and to erect a meeting-house for 
the sole and only use" of the society. The condition of the society in 1800, 
is disclosed in the resolution in the minutes of the Shaftsbury Baptist Associ- 
ation of June 5th, that year: "On motion of Elders [Isaac] Webb and [Lem- 
uel] Covell, voted to recommend it to the churches, to lend some assistance 
to the Baptist Church in the village of Troy, towards building a house for 
divine worship. When we consider that their number at present is but small, 
and consists mostly of females, — there being not more than two or three 
males who can advance any thing toward such an undertaking: — and at the 
same time consider that there is a favorable prospect of their society's increas- 
ing, if they had a suitable place to meet in, and had preaching part of the time, 
(which they might have, if they had a house,) — together with the importance 
of having the cause of religion built up in that place ; we flatter ourselves that 
our churches will come forward with promptitude, and contribute liberally for 
so noble a purpose." 

In 1803, the Rev. Isaac Webb became the pastor of the society, and, on 
January 10th, 1804, Adam Keeling, Edward Tylee, Silas Covell, Ebenezer 
Jones, and Noble S. Johnson, were elected trustees of the church. At the June 
meeting of the Shaftsbury Baptist Association, at Clifton Park, in 1804, the 
Troy society was added to the number of churches connected with that body. 
At its next meeting in June, 1805, at Hoosick Falls, the membership of the 
First Particular Baptist Church in Troy was reported as embracing 75 persons ; 
34 having been added to the society that year. A small weather-boarded 
building was shortly thereafter erected by the society for a meeting-house. 
On January 8th, 1806, the pews in it were sold at auction. On June 4th and 
5th, the Shaftsbury Association held its twenty-sixth meeting in the new 
building ; sixteen Baptist ministers being in attendance. 

In 1813, the society erected a building adjoining the church for conference 
and other meetings. 

Among the number of distinguished Revolutionary officers who settled at 
Troy was Captain Howard Moulton of Stafford Springs, Connecticut. On 
the defeat of the Continental troops, on Long Island, in 1776, he was taken 
prisoner and confined in one of the British "prison ships," anchored in Walla- 
bout Bay. With rare physical strength he resolutely endured the distressing 
privations to which the American soldiers were subjected in the dark hulls of 
those badly-ventilated vessels. Perceiving the rapid growth of Troy, he 



48 TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

selected lot 115, on the west side of Second Street, between Congress and 
Ferry streets, nearly opposite the court-house, for the site of the three-story, 
weather-boarded inn, forty by sixty feet, which he built there in 1795. Its site 
was then overgrown with scrub-oaks, for most of the settlers had erected their 
stores and dwellings on River Street, leaving First and Second streets to be 
built upon later. The Troy Coffee House soon gained the patronage of the 
public and Captain Moulton vied with Captain Ashley in keeping an excellent 
house of entertainment. He also engaged in merchandising but by the injudi- 
ciousness of his brother, lost the ample means with which he had embarked in 
business. This misfortune compelled him for a time to close the Troy Coffee 
House. In May, 1800, he informed "his friends and customers" that he had 
" again a tavern in the large and commodious house, fronting the Green, near 
the court-house." In 1802, he advertised the "Old Coffee House" for sale, 
describing it as having " one of the most pleasant situations in the place," and 
containing twenty-two rooms "completely furnished, — one an elegant ball- 
chamber, equal, perhaps, to any one in this State." In June, 1804, the trustees 
of the village voted to give him "the grass growing in the three lots enclosed 
in front of the court house " as " a compensation for setting out and taking 
care of the trees " in the yard. 

In 1807, his brother, Josiah, succeeded him as landlord of the inn. In 1809, 
Howard Moulton, jr., took charge of the house. Some years later his mother 
assumed its management, which she continued until about 1819, when John 
Barney undertook it. In 1821, the municipal authorities purchased the prop- 
erty and renovated the building for the Troy Female Seminary. 

A post-office having been established at Lansingburgh, in 1792, letters for 
the inhabitants of Troy were delivered there until 1796, when Troy became a 
post village by the appointment of Nathan Williams postmaster, then a law 
student in the office of John Woodworth, and later in life, at Utica, a circuit 
judge of the Supreme Court. 

In the spring of 1796, a number of Free Masons in the village circulated a 
petition to obtain a warrant from the Grand Lodge to form a lodge in Troy. 
In May, the petition was sent to the Grand Lodge, which, on June 19th, 
acceded to the request of the petitioners and granted the charter constituting 
Apollo Lodge, No. 49. On December 5th, the organizers of the lodge met 
and selected the subordinate officers. Meanwhile a room in Moulton's Coffee 
House was suitably furnished for the meetings of the lodge, in which, on 
Monday, December 12th, the first officers were duly installed. The occasion 
was one of considerable local importance and was noticed in the American Spy 
of December 13th, published in Lansingburgh: 

" Yesterday was installed in this village, [Troy] a new lodge by the name 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 49 

of Apollo Lodge. The officers nominated in the charter are John Bird, Esq., 
W. Master; John Woodworth, Esq., Senior Warden; and Mr. Samuel Miner, 
Junior Warden. The ceremony of installation was performed by Mr. James 
Dole, Master of Hiram Lodge, Lansingburgh, together with his officers, and 
some of the respectable and knowing Masons of the city of Albany, who, with 
the members of the new lodge and occasional visitants, moved in solemn pro- 
cession from Mr. Ashley's inn to Mr. Moulton's Lodge Chamber, where the 
ceremony was performed. The greatest decorum was maintained, and the 
cheerful yet decent hilarity which was excited on the occasion did honor to 
the principles of the institution and to the respectable characters who composed 
the company. We have reason to hope the new constellation will shed with 
steady and superior light in the galaxy of the royal art." 

On Tuesday, December 13th, the first regular communication was held; 
and on Tuesday evening, January 3d, 1797, the by-laws were adopted. 

The first and third Tuesday of each month, between September 25th and 
March 25th, and the first Tuesday of each month between March 25th and 
September 25th, "at the hour of six in the evening," were designated "gen- 
eral or publick lodge nights." 

The lodge, in May, 1797, purchased a bassoon, a violoncello, two clarionets, 
a hautboy, and a French horn, with which some of the members furnished the 
instrumental music enjoyed at its meetings and on other occasions. 

In October, 1799, a room was furnished for the use of the lodge in Pierce's 
Inn, on the east side of River Street, between Congress and Ferry streets. 

In 1809, the musical instruments owned by Apollo Lodge, No. 49, were 
advertised for sale. From the spring of 1813 to February, 1824, the lodge 
held its meetings in a room in the Union Hotel, on the south-east corner of 
Third and Elbow streets. A large room, on the fourth story of the Troy 
House, was furnished for the use of the lodge, in 1824, and was -formally 
dedicated as St. John's Hall, on Saturday evening, February 7th. The Mar- 
quis de La Fayette, when visiting the city that year, was there received and 
welcomed by the Free Masons of Troy. 

Jacob D. Van der Heyden, familiarly called the patroon, on May 10th, 1796 
" in consideration of the sum of five shillings," conveyed to the trustees of 
the village, "for the advancement of the interests and convenience of the in- 
habitants," the three lots, 116, 117, and 118, bounded on the north by Con- 
gress Street, east by Second Street, south by lot 115, and west by an alley, 
twenty feet wide, "for the use of a Public Square, and also for the purpose 
of erecting a public school-house or academy," if it should " be judged proper 
by the inhabitants." By the same deed, he likewise conveyed to them, the 
lot on the south-west corner of River and Elbow streets, for "the purpose of 
7 



50 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

a public Ship-yard for the use of the inhabitants;" also the parcel of land, 
bounded on the north by State Street, west by Third Street, east by an alley 
and south by lot, number 231, "for a public Burial Ground;" and also the 
plot of ground on the north-west corner of Seventh and State streets, described 
then as "beginning on the north line of State Street, eleven hundred feet 
from the west side of Third Street, and running thence north two hundred 
and fifty feet, then east one hundred and thirty feet, then south two hundred 
and fifty feet to State Street and then along State Street to the place of 
beginning." for " the purpose of a Burial Ground for the inhabitants." 

/]In January, 1797, the publication of the Farmers' Oracle, a weekly news- 
paper, was begun in the village by Luther Pratt & Co., (Daniel Curtis, jr.,) 
who had moved their printing office to Troy from Lansingburgh. A copy of 
the Oracle is preserved in the library of the Troy Young Men's Association. 

The removal of the enterprising merchants, George and Benjamin Tibbits, 
in July, 1797. from Lansingburgh to Troy, was an event of considerable local 
interest. The brothers purchased the store of Ten Eyck & Elmendorf, on 
the north-west corner of River and Congress streets, where they continued 
in business as grocers and grain dealers until the death of Benjamin, the 
younger member of the firm, on September 11th, 1802. On October 27th, 
Elisha Tibbits entered into partnership with the surviving member, when the 
firm-name was changed to G. & E. Tibbits. Their successors, Tibbits & 
Gardner, (Elisha Tibbits and Asa Gardner,) became partners, on October 2d, 
1804. 

The burning of the store of Asa Anthony, on the north-west corner of 
River and State streets, and that of P. & B. Heartt, north of it, on December 
8th, 1 797, prompted the inhabitants to form a fire company and to purchase an 
engine. A committee visited New York, where a second-hand apparatus was 
inspected, purchased, and forwarded in a sloop to Troy. When the news of 
the arrival of the vessel was made known, clerks and customers deserted the 
stores, farmers left their loaded wagons, men, women, and children hastened 
to the wharf to view the machine gleaming on the deck with all the brilliancy 
of its varnished paint. The body of the engine was a box-trough, about nine 
feet long, twenty inches high, and thirty wide. At the hinder part of it were 
the pumps in an upright box, three feet high. A horizontal shaft of iron 
entered it and put in action the pumps drawing water from the trough, and 
forcing it through the goose-neck pipe protruding above the table of the up- 
right box. A curious combination of ratchet wheels, chains, treadles, and 
hand-brakes rendered the engine sufficiently serviceable to throw an inch and 
a half stream of water upon the roof of a two-story building. The novel 
apparatus was moved on four solid wooden wheels, eighteen inches in 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 51 

diameter, sawed from two-inch lumber. It was housed for many years in a 
shed built on the south side of the court-house. 

Under the " act to vest certain powers in the freeholders and inhabitants 
of the villages of Troy and Lansingburgh, and for other purposes therein 
mentioned," passed February 1 6th, 1798, the inhabitants became " a corpora- 
tion by the name and style of ' The Trustees of the Village of Troy.' ' 

By the "act to amend the act, entitled 'an act to reduce the several laws 
relating particularly to the city of Albany into one act,' and to make further 
alterations in the charter of the said city," passed March 3d, 1803, the north 
boundary line established by the act of March 25th, 1 794, along Meadow 
Creek, near the line of Hoosick Street, was made coincident with " the south 
bounds of the village of Lansingburgh," near the Piscawen Kill, flowing into 
the river north of Mount Olympus. 

The office of the Northern Budget having been moved from Lansingburgh 
to Troy, the proprietors, Robert Moffit & Co., issued, on Tuesday, May 
15th, 1 798, the forty-eighth number of that newspaper from their printing 
rooms, at the sign of Franklin's head, on the east side of Water (River) Street, 
four doors north of Pierce's Inn. 

In 1796, the business advantages of the place induced Esaias Warren, the 
eldest son of Eliakim Warren of Norvvalk, Connecticut, to become an inhabi- 
tant of the village. On November 2d, that year, he purchased of John Betts 
the south part of lot 103, on the east side of River Street, between First and 
Albany streets, and, as it seems, erected there a two-story wooden building for 
a dwelling and store. In 1798, he persuaded his father to sell his property at 
Norwalk and to engage with him and his brother, Nathan, in merchandising 
under the firm name of Esaias Warren & Co. In 1799, the three embarked 
in business on the west side of River Street, where now is the buildino- No 
217, and there began selling, at retail and wholesale, dry goods, groceries, and 
hardware. A part of their capital was used in the purchase and shipment of 
wheat and country produce. On the withdrawal of the father from the part- 
nership, his son, Stephen, became a member of the firm. The burning of 
their seven-story brick store, on June 20th, 1820, caused them the loss of mer- 
chandise of great value. On March 5th, 1822, A. J. Rousseau became a mem- 
ber of the firm, which, on March 1st, 1827, was dissolved. The firm of 
Rousseau, Richards, & Co. then succeeded to the business. 

The records of Rensselaer County, removed from Lansingburgh to Troy, 
on October 9th, 1798, were kept in a building "a few doors north" of the 
Presbyterian meeting-house. On June 8th, 18 12, the supervisors were author- 
ized by the Legislature to raise fifteen hundred dollars by tax to erect a fire- 
proof office for the use of the county clerk. A two-story brick building was 



52 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS 

shortly afterward erected for that purpose on the south-east corner of Second 
and Congress streets. The upper rooms in it were rented for offices. The 
building was demolished when the present court-house was erected. 

During the year 1798, the different lines of business in Troy were exceed- 
ingly remunerative. The flouring mills could not conveniently fill the orders 
given them ; wheat sold at nine shillings and six pence a bushel, and nearly 
three thousand head of cattle were slaughtered in the village. For the relief 
of those persons suffering from the scourge of yellow fever, three hundred 
dollars were contributed by the inhabitants in October, the disease being at the 
time alarmingly prevalent in the city of New York and in Philadelphia. Navi- 
gation was closed by the freezing of the river on November 27th, at which 
time there was a depth of eighteen inches of snow upon the ground. 

In order to facilitate the assessment of property in Troy, the assessors that 
year requested the inhabitants to prepare " lists describing the size and number 
of their lot or lots;" also "the size and height of their dwelling-houses, with 
the particular dimensions of all the windows," and "also the size and height 
of their back kitchens." They were instructed to furnish the assessors with 
the number, age, and sex of all their slaves, between the ages of twelve and 
fifty years. 

In January, 1799, Aaron and Derick Lane, two highly-esteemed merchants 
of Lansingburgh, purchased the property of Ephraim Morgan, on the corner 
of River and First streets, where now is the Hall Building, and began erecting 
there, in the spring of that year, the three-story brick building used by them 
as a store, which was burned in the fire of 1820. 

The Hon. John Woodworth, in his " Reminiscences of Troy," referring to 
the growth of the place at the close of the century, observes: "There was a 
healthful accession of numbers from Lansingburgh ; there came the firm of 
George and Benjamin Tibbits, men of wealth and integrity, well qualified to 
conduct commercial operations on an extended scale. Next came the firm of 
Aaron and Derick Lane ; the latter had served with reputation in the army of 
the Revolution, and after the lapse of forty years, had the happiness of receiv- 
ing, at the river bank, on a visit from Albany to Troy, 1824, the Marquis La 
Fayette, his old companion in arms, and by his side conducting him to the 
house of reception. Not long after, Redfield and Bradley, who by honorable 
industry had acquired considerable wealth; also the Hon. John D. Dickinson, 
for a long time president of the Farmers' Bank, a lawyer of learning, of sound 
judgment, extensive practice; his house was the seat of hospitality, graced by 
an accomplished wife, who made every visitor feel himself at home, in their 
splendid mansion," [now the residence of the Hon. George B. Warren, No. 
19 Second Street.] 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 53 

In November, 1799, an appeal was made to the people, in the Northern 
Budget, to establish a public library. " How much to be regretted," remarks 
the writer, "that in a village which contains 2,000 souls, and whose population 
is rapidly increasing, amid secular concerns, the establishment of a public 
library should have been wholly omitted — an institution from which may be 
conducted to every door a correction of morals and a source of mental 
improvement." A subscription having been circulated to establish one, the 
subscribers, on Tuesday, January nth, 1S00, held a meeting at Jeremiah 
Pierce's inn, and organized the Troy Library by electing Benjamin Tibbits, 
Christopher Hutton, David Buel, and Jeremiah Osborn trustees of the insti- 
tution. A small collection of books was obtained, and in the fall of the year 
the library was opened, to which the members resorted at appointed hours on 
certain days to get and return books. 

No one except a stockholder was entitled to membership. The ownership 
of a share of the stock, valued at five dollars, and the payment of two dollars 
and fifty cents annually for four years, privileged a member to use the books 
in the library. Commendable care was taken to prevent the mutilation of 
the books while in the hands of readers ; a fine of two cents being imposed 
"for a leaf doubled," and one of four cents "for a soil or grease spot." 

At a meeting of the trustees, held at Titus' Inn, on March 31st, 1809, it was 
resolved that twenty-seven shares of the stock of the library should be sold to 
Apollo Lodge No. 49, at $15 each, to allow its members the privilege of using 
the books in the library. 

The shares were sold, and thereafter the three senior officers of the lodge 
were annually elected trustees of the library. In 1820, the library was in the 
drug store of Ira M. Wells, on River Street, and on June 20th, that year, a 
number of the books were destroyed by the fire, which burned the building 
and nearly a hundred other structures that day. In January, 1835, the books 
of the Troy Library were by special agreement placed in the library room of 
the Troy Young Men's Association. In 1845, tne shares of the stockholders 
were given to the association, which then purchased the twenty-seven owned 
by Apollo Lodge. Two alcoves in the Troy Young Men's Association Library 
now contain the books of the Troy Library. 

The death of Doctor Samuel Gale, on Wednesday, January 9th, 1799, after 
a short illness, deprived the little community of one of its principal and highly- 
cultivated members. "The mode of his interment," in the words of a corre- 
spondent in the Northern Budget of the following week, "proclaims the high 
estimation in which he was held by the Society of Masons, while the melan- 
choly looks of a weeping village, by an universal attendance at his funeral, 
mark how sorely they feel the loss of a respectable and worthy citizen." 



54 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

As early as 1800, the small stream running along the Hollow Road, later 
known as Spring Avenue, supplied the inhabitants of the village with " pure 
and wholesome water for domestic purposes." The privilege of using the 
water, rising from a spring on the farm of Stephen J. Schuyler and filling the 
reservoir constructed to receive it, was conveyed on November 15th, that year, 
to Israel Clark, a physician, of West Windsor, New Jersey, by Stephen Van 
Rensselaer, on the express condition that the former should support and edu- 
cate the infant son of Mahlon Taylor, deceased, during his minority, from the 
rents and profits of the' water supplied the people of Troy through the wooden 
pipes or aqueducts, extending from the reservoir to the village. As described 
in the deed, the reservoir was built on the stream at a point where the same 
was " intersected by a right line running from the most southerly point or 
corner of the southernmost grist mill " of the said Mahlon Taylor, deceased, 
"standing in a direction south forty one degrees and thirty minutes east at 
the distance of about nineteen chains from the said most southerly point of 
said grist mill." For the water right, the grantee paid annually " twenty 
bushels of clean merchantable wheat." 

On July 1st, 1806, the village trustees passed an ordinance " for the preser- 
vation of the aqueducts" and "to prevent the unnecessary waste of water 
brought therein for the use of the inhabitants." On December 22d, 1812, 
"the Aqueduct Water Works" were advertised for sale, by James Smith. 

By the act of June i6th, 181 2, incorporating " the proprietors of the Earthen 
Conduit Company of Troy," Abraham Ten Eyck, Derick Lane, Piatt Titus, 
Nathan Warren, and Daniel Merritt, trustees, were permitted " to lay and 
conduct any number of conduits" to supply the inhabitants with water. 

The act " to incorporate the proprietors of the Conduit Company of Troy," 
passed April 13th, 18 14, constituted Daniel Merritt, Richard P. Hart, Nathan 
Warren, Townsend McCoun, and Derick Y. Van der Heyden, trustees, and 
privileged the company to discontinue the use of earthen conduits and to lay 
cast-iron pipes, manufactured at Salisbury, Connecticut, to conduct water into 
the village. The earthen conduits were about two feet in length, with a bore 
of an inch and a half in diameter. 

The growth of Troy is thus adverted to in the Northern Budget of Decem- 
ber 17th, 1800: "The new census is now completed in this village. We 
regret that it is not in our power to ascertain the increase of inhabitants since 
the last census was taken. To exhibit, however, some idea of the rapidity of 
our growth, it will be sufficient for us to observe, that, fifteen years ago, there 
were in [the compass of] this village (now comprising somewhat more than a 
mile square) but two dwelling-houses, and probably not more than fifteen in- 
habitants ; and that, at the present time, it contains about three hundred 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 55 

dwelling-houses (independent of stores,, &c.,) and 1,802 inhabitants. A popu- 
lation so rapid has, we believe, but seldom been witnessed in the United 
States. Situated as we are at the head of the sloop-navigation of an exten- 
sive river, and surrounded on every side by a fertile country whose population 
has also experienced a rapid increase, our commerce has increased in at least 
an equal ratio with our inhabitants." 



CHAPTER V. 

GROWTH AND PROSPERITY. 
1800-1816. 

THE establishment of a bank in the village began to be discussed at the 
beginning of the century with much interest by the people. To avoid 
the inconveniences of going to Albany to transact their banking busi- 
ness the merchants proposed to those of Lansingburgh and Waterford to 
unite with them in petitioning the Legislature to pass an act permitting them 
and their associates to organize a bank with a capital of three hundred thou- 
sand dollars ; the location of the institution to be selected by a number of 
commissioners. The undertaking was successfully prosecuted and the act to 
incorporate the Farmers' Bank was passed on March 31st, 1801. Hosea Mof- 
fit, Jonathan Brown, John E. Van Alen, and James McKown were named 
to select a site for the banking-house near the road leading from Troy to 
Lansingburgh, not farther north than the Mill Creek, (the Piscawen Kill, ) nor 
south than the house of Joshua Raymond. 

The first directors constituted by the act were John Woodworth, Daniel 
Merritt, Benjamin Tibbits, Christopher Hutton, Townsend McCoun, and 
Ephraim Morgan of Troy; Elijah Janes, Charles Selden, John D. Dickinson, 
|ames Hickok, and William Bradley of Lansingburgh ; Guert Van Schoon- 
hoven, and Samuel Stewart of Waterford. On April 9th, they elected John 
D. Dickinson president of the bank, and Hugh Peebles, cashier. 

The location of the bank was a matter of considerable importance to the 
people of Troy, and at a meeting of the directors held at Jacob's Tavern, in 
Lansino-burgh, on June 29th, the following action was taken respecting it: 

"Resolved, unanimously. That in case the lot for the temporary place of the 
establishment of the bank shall fall to the village of Troy, that we will point 
out to the commissioners the house of Joshua Raymond in the village of 
Troy as the house contemplated in the act, and in case it should fall to the 
village of Lansingburgh, we will immediately cause a temporary building to 
be erected on the middle ground at or near the place contemplated by the 
commissioners for transacting the business until the Legislature shall have 
decided on the petition of the directors. * * * 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 5/ 

"Resolved, unanimously, That we will unite in a petition to the Legislature 
at the next session for obtaining the alterations in the act of incorporation to 
enable the directors to carry into effect the matters contemplated in the reso- 
lutions of the board respecting the permanent and temporary place for the 
building, and that we will unitedly and severally use our best exertions in the 
premises. * * * 

"Resolved, unanimously, That this board will immediately proceed to deter- 
mine by lot agreeable to the resolutions of the 6th day of June, as amended, 
the temporary place for the establishment of the bank, and that Mr. Bradley 
do prepare and roll up for the purpose five ballots with the word Lansingburgh 
written thereon, and five ballots with the word Troy written thereon ; that the 
same be placed and shook together in a hat by Mr. Hutton, and drawn by 
Mr. Merritt blindfold in the presence of the board, and that the said tempo- 
rary place shall be at the village, the name of which shall be written on two 
of the three first ballots so to be drawn. * * * 

"Mr. Merritt drew one after another three ballots out of the hat so pre- 
pared, on opening which it appeared that the word Lansingburgh was written 
on the two first and the word Troy on the third." 

In July, at a meeting at Ashley's Tavern, in Troy, the directors determined 
to accept two lots in Middleburgh, (a collection of houses around Mount 
Olympus,) tendered by Jacob D. Van der Heyden, and to purchase two ad- 
joining lots, and to erect on the plot a two-story brick building, thirty by 
forty feet. In November, the directors met for the first time in the banking- 
house, and resolved that the bank should begin business on December ist ; 
that the banking hours should be from ten a. m. to two p. m. ; that no note 
less than two hundred dollars should be discounted for a longer time than 
fifty-six days ; that the rate of discount should be six per cent ; and that all 
paper offered for discount should be inclosed in "sealed covers" addressed to 
the cashier. 

By the act passed by the Legislature, April 6th, 1808, the bank's charter 
was extended to the first Tuesday in March, 182 1, and the directors were per- 
mitted to remove the institution to "the compact part" of Troy. 

A two-story brick building having been erected on the second lot south of 
the one on the south-west corner of First and State streets, the bank occupied 
it on November 15th, 1S08. When the building was burned in the large fire 
of June 20th, 1820, the bank continued its business in the building on the 
north-east corner of First and State streets. In 1830, it occupied its new 
banking-house next north of it, where, on February 27th, 1865, it discontinued 
business. 

The business men of the village to induce the farmers living west of the 
S 



58 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Hudson to bring their grain and other produce to Troy petitioned the Legis- 
lature to pass an act permitting the construction of a turnpike from a point op- 
posite the village to Schenectady. The act, constituting " the president, 
directors, and company of the Troy and Schenectady Turnpike" a corporate 
body, was passed April 2d, 1802. The capital stock consisted of three hun- 
dred and fifty shares of fifty dollars each. The first officers were Ephraim 
Morgan, president; George Tibbits, Abraham Oothoudt, (of Schenectady,) 
Derick Lane, Abraham Ten Eyck, Albert Pawling, John Bird, Silas Covell, 
and Daniel Merritt, directors. 

The enterprise of the people of Troy in constructing the road is commented 
on by a writer in the following words : "The expense of first opening the 
road west was then quite an onerous one, and drew heavily upon their spare 
resources. The whole expenditure for the first three miles out was raised 
and paid for by the subscriptions of those interested in trade at the village, 
but this improvement amply repaid them for the outlay and returned its cost 
in a few years, while great subsequent remuneration came with the increased 
trade diverted from Albany to this point." 

Mahlon Taylor, having, on July iSth, 1795, purchased of Matthias Van der 
Heyden eight acres of land along the Hudson, between the Poesten Kill and 
the line of Washington Street, erected a grist-mill on the north side of the 
Poesten Kill, where now is the malt-house of C. F. Conkey. The water 
power to move its machinery he obtained by constructing a raceway from a 
point on the Poesten Kill, a short distance west of the site of the present 
bridge across the creek on Spring Avenue, to the mill. 

In 1803, S. Taylor fitted a part of the building "for manufacturing plaster 
of Paris," the property being known by the name of the " Red Mills." 

In March, 1809, Benjamin Taylor advertised the " grist and plaster mill " for 
sale, which he described as having " two run of burrs, both turned at the same 
time by the same water wheel." Subsequently the " Red Mills " were owned 
and operated by Captain Daniel Hudson ; later by Stephen Covell and Town- 
send M. Vail ; and in 1828, by Townsend M. Vail and LeRoy Mowry. 

The court-house bell, besides being rung at the time of the sittings of the 
courts, was also used to summon the inhabitants of the village to the services 
in the Presbyterian meeting-house until the congregation placed in 181 5 a 
bell in the belfry. About the beginning of the century, the village trustees 
employed a bell-ringer to ring the court-house bell daily at the hours of 9 A. 
m., 12 m., and 9 p. m. Some years later it was also rung at two o'clock in the 
afternoon. In 1S27 and thereafter, for a number of years, it was rung at 9 a. 
m., 12 m., 1:30, and 9 p. m. In later years the bells of St. Paul's, St. Peter's, 
St. Mary's, and St. Joseph's churches have been rung daily, except on Sunday, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 59 

at twelve o'clock noon; the sextons of the churches receiving from the city 
salaries for their services. 

On the introduction of the fire alarm telegraph system in 1869, the pran 
of striking one stroke on the bells of St. Paul's, St. Peter's, and St. Mary's 
churches, to denote the hour of nine o'clock in the morning and of eight in 
the evening, from the station at the Arba Read Engine House, was begun. 

In 1803, there were four buildings on the east side of Third Street, betwei n 
Elbow and Albany streets. On the site of the American House was the 
Mason's Arms, an inn kept by Joseph Munn, — a four-story brick structure, 
erected in 1 798. On the third or fourth lot south of it was the weather- 
boarded dwelling of Abraham Frear. Two lots south of it was the one- 
story and a half wooden house built by Doctor Alexander Rousseau, who 
lived in it until his death in 1812. He came to Troy in 1791, and in 1793 
married Mary, the daughter of John Frear, who, in 1803, was living in the 
two-story wooden building, forty by sixty feet, then standing on the north-east 
corner of Third and Albany streets. The property was owned in 1794 by 
Joseph Wescott, one of the early settlers of Troy. In 1807, Peter Frear and 
George Squire were occupying the building. On September 5th, that year, 
Nathan Warren purchased the property for one thousand seven hundred and 
twenty-five dollars, and, on January 2d, 1809, sold it to his brother Esaias, the 
grandfather of the Hon. George B. Warren, for two thousand dollars. Esaias 
Warren shortly afterward demolished the building, and on its site erected a 
two-story brick dwelling, in which he lived until his death in 1829. In 1871, 
the Troy Times Building displaced the brick building. 

In iSjo, Stephen Warren, the father of the Hon. Joseph M. Warren, 
bought the property of Edward Tylee, on the north-west corner of Third and 
Albany streets, and built there the two-story brick residence which he occu- 
pied until his death in 1847. In 1882, the dwelling was torn down to give 
place to the Keenan Building. 

Eliakim Warren, the father of Esaias, Nathan, and Stephen Warren, was 
living in 1803 on the south west corner of Third and Albany streets, in the two- 
story weather-boarded building, now standing on the west side of Third Street, 
a short distance south of its original site Eliakim Warren died in 1824. Sev- 
eral years afterward, his son, Nathan, removed the wooden building to its 
present site, No. 47 Third Street, and erected on the corner the two-story 
brick building, now the residence of his two sons, Dr. Nathan B. and Stephen 
E. Warren. 

Where now is the dry-goods house of G. V. S. Ouackenbush & Co., on the 
south-east corner of Third Street and Broadway, was, in 18 19. the two-story 
weather-boarded dwelling of Micah J. Lyman, which was removed in 1855 to 



60 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

give place to the present building, to which G. Y. S. Ouackenbush removed his 
stock of dry goods and carpets, on October ist, 1856, when he vacated his 
former store, No. 202 River Street. 

Along the pavements of the four houses on the corners of the two intersect- 
ing streets were rows of tall Lombardy poplars; a class of trees growing in all 
parts of the city at that time, but now seldom seen within its limits. 

As early as the year 1795, the small number of Episcopalians in the village 
not unfrequently assembled in the Presbyterian meeting-house to engage in 
the services of the Episcopal Church conducted by a lay-reader and some- 
times by an invited clergyman. Among the persons visiting Troy that year 
and taking part in the Episcopal services was Philander Chase, a graduate of 
Dartmouth College and afterward Bishop of Ohio. Having gone to Albany 
and applied for the position of a teacher in the city school, he, at the sugges- 
tion of the Rev. Thomas Ellison, rector of St. Peter's Church, came to Troy 
as a lay-reader and was cordially received by the churchmen living in the 
village. 

This mission, as he relates, was disclosed to him by the zealous rector, who, 
thinking of affording him some occupation in the interval of his waiting the 
action of the school trustees, proposed it in these words: " A Sunday will 
intervene," said he, " and as you say you have been accustomed to read ser- 
vice among your friends in New Hampshire, why not do the like in this 
neighborhood ? There are a few church people in Troy ; suppose you spend 
the Lord's day there as a lay-reader? Your commission so to do will not be 
inferior to that of others. Take a manuscript sermon of mine, and if you can 
read it, do so." 

Willing to follow this advice, he took the sermon given him and set out to 
walk to his destination. As he further remarks in his " Reminiscences," "in a 
few hours the writer was in Troy, and being furnished with a letter from Mr. 
Ellison, soon found himself among friends. Dr. Lynson, whose widow after- 
ward married Jesse Oakley of Poughkeepsie, Mr. Williams, [postmaster of 
Troy in 1796,] subsequently Judge Williams, of so much worth in Utica, and 
a daughter of the Rev. Dr. Hubbard, the then faithful rector of Trinity 
Church, New Haven, were the persons whose civilities the writer enjoyed in 
this first visit to that dear place now called Troy, the favorite city for benevo- 
lence in New York. 

" All denominations then met in one house, and the afternoon of Sunday 
was assigned for service of the church, to be conducted by the writer. The 
assembly was large and decorous ; and though he was but the organ of others, 
yet the writer saw, from the specimen before him, what opportunities God 
might give him of doing good when duly qualified and authorized to perform 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 61 

the sacred functions. This encouraged him to proceed with more confidence 
in the goodness of Providence." Having been ordained a deacon on May 
10th, 1798, he again visited Troy and officiated in the Presbyterian meeting- 
house. 

In 1S03, the Rev. David Butler, rector of Christ Church, in Reading, Con- 
necticut, likewise conducted the services of the congregation. Learning that 
Trinity Church, in New York City, had proffered it aid in building a house of 
worship, he advised those interested in its welfare to become an incorporated 
organization and to undertake the erection of a suitable church. Encouraged 
and stimulated, the " male persons of full age attached to the Protestant 
Episcopal Church," assembled in the court-house on January 16th, 1804, and 
" unanimously resolved and determined " that they and their successors should 
thereafter and forever " be a church or congregation and body corporate," 
known " in law by the name of The Trustees of St. Paul's Church in Troy." 
They then elected Eliakim Warren and Jeremiah Pierce, church wardens, and 
Nicholas Schuyler, David Buel, Lemuel Hawley, Thomas Davis, Thomas 
Hillhouse, John Bird, William S. Parker, and Hugh Peebles, vestrymen. 

The Right Rev. Benjamin Moore, conceiving that St. Paul's Church of 
Troy and Trinity Church of Lansingburgh would be benefited by being united 
in one parish, suggested the erection of a church midway between the two vil- 
lages. The inconveniences of distance were too many for the Troy people to 
favor the building of a church near Mount Olympus, and they therefore decided 
to erect one in the central part of the village. On March 26th, the eastern halves 
of lots 183 and 184, forming a plot sixty-five by one hundred feet, on the 
north-west corner of Congress and Third streets, were purchased for $425. 
David Buel, Thomas Davis, and Nicholas Schuyler, the building committee, 
were instructed " to contract with proper workmen to put up the building of 
the church ; the frame to be well put up and filled in with brick, one thick , 
the roof well covered to the top of the brick of the steeple ; and the house 
to be in every respect well inclosed." The Rev. David Butler, " who had 
previously been chosen rector by the vestry, laid the corner-stone on Monday, 
July 2d, that year. On the following day, an account of the ceremonies of 
the occasion was published in the Troy Gazette : 

" It cannot but be pleasing to the friends of religion to notice the ardour 
for erecting convenient places of public worship which at present actuates the 
citizens of this flourishing village. This ardour is not confined to any partic- 
ular sect or class of worshippers, but seems equally diffused through all classes ; 
which will plainly show itself in their liberal subscriptions for the erection of 
churches the present season. Yesterday morning, at ten o'clock, the Rev. 
David Butler, accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Coe, and a respectable number of 



62 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YE. IRS. 



citizens, formed in procession, and proceeded to the spot destined for a Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church, and with the usual exercises of prayer, vocal and in- 
strumental music, etc., laid the corner-stone, upon which to build an edifice 
for the public worship of God." 

St. Paul's Church and Trinity of Lansing- 
burafh having united in divine t j ie R ev 
David Butler a call, he, on August 2d, after 
his return to Reading, addressed his letter 
of acceptance " To the vestry of the Church 
of Troy and Lansingburgh." " I shall en- 
deavor," he wrote, " to make myself ready 
to remove with my family whenever it may 
be convenient for Mr. Warren to come 
down with his vessel." 

Early in the summer of 1805, the church 
was completed On Wednesday, June 26th, 
" the pews and seats" were "sold at public 
vendue." The persons who had subscribed 
and paid money to erect the building or to 
purchase the organ were privileged to have 
the amount deducted from the sum paid by 
them for pews and seats. 

For the erection of the building, Trinity 
Church of New York paid $2,000. The 
organ purchased by the congregation had 
been constructed in England, and had for many years been used in the old 
French Church on Nassau Street. It was the only instrument of its kind in 
Troy for more than twenty years after its introduction into St. Paul's Church. 
The pulpit, lectern, and clerk's desk were constructed one above the other as 
in old English churches. 

On Wednesday, January 8th, 1806, the Rev. David Butler was instituted rec- 
tor of St. Paul's parish, and on the following day that of Trinity, Lansing- 
burgh. Every Sunday he conducted one service in Troy and one in Lansing- 
burgh, except on every fourth Sunday, when he officiated in Waterford. On 
Thursday morning, August 21st, the Right Rev. Benjamin Moore consecrated 
the church. In the afternoon about seventy persons were added to the church 
by the rite of confirmation. In 1807, the communicants numbered thirty- 
three, — thirty more than there were in 1804, when the church was organized,— 
Eliakim Warren, Phebe Warren, (his wife,) and Lemuel Hawley having been 
the first. 




st. paul's church, [819. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 63 

The parish-school instituted by the vestry in 1808 was opened for the 
reception of scholars in October that year, in a building on the north side 
of the Public Market, then on the north-west corner of Third and State 
streets. Besides the common English branches, Latin and Greek were in- 
cluded in the list of studies. In May of the following year, Miss Ann Scrib- 
ner took charge of the Girls' School in the " Episcopal Academy." " Plain 
sewing, muslin-work, drawing, painting, embroidery, fruit work and filigree," 
were embraced in the course of instruction. The "Episcopal Master's 
School " was also opened in the same building, in June, 1809. 

In 1 S 14, Trinity Church, in Lansingburgh, having obtained the services of 
another rector, the Rev. David Butler officiated thereafter only in the parish 
of St. Paul's Church. An addition to the length of the church of thirty-five 
feet was made in 18 19, by which the building was, including the projection of 
the tower, ninety feet long and forty-five wide. Until the enlargement of the 
building, the Canticles were always read. From that time, to please some of 
the members disliking the innovation of chanting them, it was ordered that 
only one should be chanted, either the Venite or Jubilate. Later, however, 
all the Canticles were sung except the Te Deum, which was never sung while 
the congregation worshipped in the building. 

The few Friends in the village, having requested permission of the Easton 
Monthly Meeting to hold meetings in Troy and having been granted it, held 
their first Preparation Meeting on May 30th, 1804. An unfinished dwelling, 
on the south-west corner of Fourth and State streets, belonging to Daniel 
and Jacob Merritt, was purchased on October 20th, 1807, by Edward South- 
wick and Abraham Staples, members of the Troy Society ; the building hav- 
ing been fitted for the meetings of the Friends when rented by them in 1806. 
In 1S23, the school-house west of the meeting-house was built. In 1825, Miss 
Elizabeth Williams began teaching in it and continued to have charge of the 
school therethrough a period of more than forty-three years. On April 19th, 
1836, the lot south of the corner one was purchased by the society. 

The two lots and the buildings on them were sold in 1874 to the First 
Unitarian Church. On Monday, October 12th, that year, the demolition of 
the old meeting-house was begun. 

In 1805, the village trustees appropriated twenty-five dollars to place boards 
on the houses at the corners of certain streets on which the names of the in- 
tersecting streets were painted. 

A sketch of the growth of the village, published in the Troy Gazette of May 
26th, 1806, and in the issue of the following week furnishes some interesting 
as well as significant facts regarding it : 

"As part of the village, built on the estate of Jacob I. Van der Heyden, 



64 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

deceased, has not been regularly laid out, no other street yet intersects River 
Street in a northerly or southerly direction, except one by a circuitous passage. 
This one is a continuation of Fifth Street, which, when laid out in a direct 
line, will run into River Street about a mile from the south end of the latter, 
and with the upper end of that form a street nearly straight, through the 
whole length of the village. Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth (and perhaps other 
streets) if continued from the north line of the original plan, will run in like 
course, east of north, without intersecting or touching River Street at all. 
But on the south, these streets will strike the hill before mentioned, on the 
east side of the village, and not extend to the south bounds of the same — 
some perhaps not more than half the length of it. 

"The extent of the village, as already compactly settled, measuring River 
Street in its winding course is one mile — but running directly south from the 
upper end of the compact settlement, and leaving River Street on the 
right hand, the distance is perhaps 35 or 40 rods less. But on the north 
end of the compact part of the village there is nearly a quarter of a mile 
which will afford as good water lots for stores and docks as are found for 
nearly the same distance below, already occupied. The house and store 
(heretofore mentioned) built in 1 786, stand on this ground, which will prob- 
ably be mostly taken up in a few years. Above this the navigation of the 
river and the building of docks become more difficult; and the lots will not 
probably be occupied for many years, though the river is much better even 
here than it is just above within the bounds of Lansingburgh. But there are 
already some dwelling-houses and other buildings, at no great distance from 
each other, all the way from the compact part of the village to its northern 
limits above the Farmers' Bank — somewhat more than half a mile. 

"The buildings are chiefly situated on River, First, Second, and Third 
streets. The lots in those streets are taken up, and with some exceptions 
occupied with buildings ; and many lots, especially in River Street, have two 
and some three buildings in front. Fourth Street already contains several 
buildings and many inhabitants; and several new and good buildings are soon 
to be put up there, as the lots are taken up and considered very valuable. 
Fifth Street has but few houses, as yet, and but few of the lots in Sixth Street 
are taken up. 

" The streets are all crossed at right angles by others running east and west 
from the river to the hill, forming the whole village into squares, or rather 
parallelograms. Beginning at the south end of the village these latter streets 
are Liberty, Division, Ferry, Congress, State, Albany, Elbow, and Grand 
Division streets. The breadth of the level ground, between the foot of the 
hill and the water's edge, is 143 rods, measuring in Congress Street. — State 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. - 65 

and Albany streets are about the same length : the others are shorter, and 
Grand Division is not more than two-thirds as long. * * 

" Six hundred and eight lots are already laid out on the estate of J. D. 
Van der Heyden, Esq., and several more on land further south. All those lots 
that lie on the cross streets will afford at least two additional house lots, 
should the population of the village ever require, or the high price of building 
lots tempt the subdivision of them — a thing no way improbable. Even the 
lots, fronting the other streets only, may afford two building lots, as has been 
the case with many of them already. So that the land of J. D. Van der 
Heyden, Esq., will admit of the erection of fifteen or sixteen hundred dwell- 
ing-houses and stores, toeether with out-houses sufficient for the same. The 
land at the south part of the village will afford building lots even to the 
bounds of the corporation, by bringing earth from the hill, which is near. 

" The land north of Grand Division Street will make good building lots 
to the north bounds of the village, as incorporated. As circumstances re- 
quire, therefore, the village will extend about two miles on the river and a 
half a mile back — affording room for 4 or 5,000 houses and. their requisite out- 
buildings. To this may be added the hills on the east, which, with the same 
expense, would afford as good building lots as those on the hill and its de- 
clivity in the city of Albany, which already constitute nearly half that city. 
At the middle and upper parts of the village the hill is neither very rough nor 
steep ; and even where it is so, it will gradually be leveled and smoothed 
down, as there is now and will for many years to come be wanted immense 
quantities of earth to make docks (or wharves) to form another street below 
River Street on the head of the docks, and to raise and prepare the ground 
for buildings, yards, etc., in those parts of the village where the land is low 
and wet. The bounds of the corporation may, moreover, be extended east- 
wardly to a great distance, if necessary — and perhaps northerly ; which is not, 
however, probable now, though possible hereafter. 

"This village is situated (by calculation) in latitude 42 45' north, and 
nearly 73° 30' west longitude from Greenwich. It is 166 miles from New 
York, 36 from Hudson, and 6 from Albany, on the south— 3 from Lansing- 
burgh, 4 from the village of Waterford, 24 from Ballston Springs, 140 from 
Burlington, Vt., and 220 from Montreal in Canada, on the north — 180 from 
Boston, and 34 from Williamstown, Mass., on the east — and 13 from Sche- 
nectady, on the west. 

"It was incorporated by an act of Assembly, in April, 1S01, and its bounds 

were altered, in 1803, so as to extend from the Poesten Kill, on the south, to 

a small creek, [the Piscawen Kill,] on the north, which is also the south bounds 

of the village of Lansingburgh. On the petition of the inhabitants a new act 

9 



66 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

of incorporation was passed, [April 4, 1806,] at the last session of the Legis- 
lature of this State, vesting in the president and trustees powers competent 
to the enacting and rigorously enforcing of such laws and ordinances as shall 
be deemed conducive to the interests, peace, and safety of the inhabitants 
within the corporation. * * * 

" By a census taken in each ward separately, in February last, the village 
was found to contain 514 buildings, exclusive of mechanics' shops, stables, 
out-houses, etc. Of these, 97 were merchants' stores and 41 7 dwelling-houses, 
and there are eight or ten of the stores, in each of which two mercantile 
companies transact business. The number of inhabitants was 2,955, °f whom 
89 were free blacks, and 79 slaves. Since February the influx of people, who 
have fixed their residence here, has been greater than in any former spring; 
so that the present number of inhabitants may be safely estimated at 3,200. 
Of the number of buildings above stated, upwards of 40 were built last sum- 
mer; and there have been already finished or begun, upwards of 30 more, 
since the breaking up of the winter." * * * 

Under the "act relative to the village of Troy," passed by the Legislature, 
on April 4th, 1806, the village was divided into four wards; the first ward 
comprising that part lying south of a line drawn through the middle of Ferry 
Street ; the second, that part between the first ward and a line drawn through 
the middle of State Street ; the third, that part between the second and a line 
drawn through the middle of Elbow Street ; and the fourth, that part north 
of the third ward. 

Under this act the president of the village, previously elected by the Board 
of Trustees from their number, was to be appointed annually by the Governor, 
"with the advice and consent of the Council of Appointment," "out of the 
citizens and inhabitants " of the village. 

John Lambert, an English traveler, passing through the village in 1807, 
makes the following mention of the place : " We reached Lansingburgh about 
four o'clock in the morning, but it was so dark that I could only discern that 
it consisted of one long street of large brick houses, many of them apparently 
handsome buildings. 

" Troy is situated but a few miles from Lansingburgh, and we arrived there 
about five o'clock. We put up at a large inn. 

" Troy is a well-built town, consisting chiefly of one street of handsome, 
red-brick houses. * * * There are two or three short streets which branch 
off from the main one; but it is in the latter that all the principal stores, ware- 
houses, and shops are situated. It also contains several excellent inns and 
taverns. The houses are all new and lofty, and built with much taste and 
simplicity, though convenience and accommodation seem to have guided the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 67 

architect more than ornament. The deep red brick, well pointed, give the 
buildings an air of neatness and cleanliness seldom met with in old towns. 

" The trade which Troy has opened with the new settlements to the north- 
ward, through the states of New York and Vermont, as far as Canada, is very 
extensive, and in another twenty years it promises to rival the old established 
city of Albany. Its prosperity is indeed already looked upon with an eye of 
jealousy by the people of the latter place." 

The few followers of John Wesley, living in the village in 1793, began 
meeting together at their dwellings to engage in prayer, singing, and exhorta- 
tion. A class was formed, and its members were placed in 1 795 under the 
pastoral care of one of the traveling preachers on the Cambridge Circuit. In 
1797, the Troy class was reported by "Brother Betts" as having thirteen 
members. Lorenzo Dow, who was on the Cambridge Circuit in 1798, 
preached that year to the little congregation for the first time. In 1800, 
Troy was embraced in the Pittsfield and Whitingham Circuit of the New 
England Conference, and Michael Coates took the pastoral charge of the 
class, which then numbered thirty persons, under the leadership of William 
Cleveland. 

Phebe, the daughter of Caleb Curtis, in her brief historical sketch of the 
" Rise of Methodism in Troy," relates that some "very worthy persons" were 
members of the class at that time. " They were the parents and brother of the 
wife of the Rev. Joel Ketchum, Samuel Goodrich, the principal of the 
academy, Mrs. Honor Goodrich, Samuel Goodrich, jr., a dry-goods merchant, 
Miss Day, a relative of the Goodrich family, a boarder and pupil in the acad- 
emy, Mr. Cannon, his wife, and Mrs. Plum, the mother of Mrs. Cannon, and 
Mr. Cleveland, the class leader. They were from New England. Mr. Good- 
rich's family came from Middletown, Conn. Among the members of the class 
were persons of piety, refinement, and intelligence. The following were also 
members of the class in good standing, and remained so until removed by 
death or until they left Troy for other places : Benjamin Betts, Jane, his wife, 
Jared Betts, Mrs. Jillson, Laura Waterman, Mrs. Hannah Pettit, Mrs. Mc- 
Alister, Mrs. B.'s mother, Mrs. Carlo, Mrs. Boutwell, Archibald Gray and 
wife, and Mina, a mulatto woman. 

" I have thus been particular because it was asserted at a love-feast that the 
first society was composed of the lower order of persons, and, at the same 
time, it was said that the time was when there was no place to hold prayer 
meetings except in the basement of a house occupied by a black family. It 
is true that the prayer meetings were held there sometimes. "' 1 ne 

person who made the statement must have been misinformed." 

She also relates that she attended prayer meetings at the Goodrich dwell- 



68 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



ing, " in a well-furnished room," having an " imported carpet " on the floor. 
" Meetings, too, were certainly held at Mr. Cannon's house, under the same 
roof with the store." 

Referring' to the inconveniences attending the meetings held at the dwell- 
inors of the members of the class and at the court-house, she remarks: "In 
the court-room, sometimes on summer evenings, it would be nearly nine o'clock 
before the congregation could be seated. This was not owing to the slackness 
of the brethren in making timely application for its use, but because the per- 
son who had the key, or the one who rang the bell, had no interest in our 
prosperity." 

Determining to undertake the erection of a meeting-house, the members of 
the class met on November 29th, 1808, at the dwelling of Samuel Scoby, and 
organized, by electing David Canfield, Eliphalet King, and Samuel Scoby 
trustees of " the Methodist Episcopal Church of the village of Troy." The 
congregation having thus become an incorporated body, purchased of Jacob 
D. Van der Heyden, on December 25th, that year, lots 743 and 744, on the 
east side of the alley, on the east side of State Street, between Fourth and 
Fifth streets, for $500. 

On January 2d, 1809, subscriptions began to be taken " for the purpose of 

building a meeting-house" 
for the society, and in a 
short time about five hun- 
dred dollars were contrib- 
uted toward its erection. 

On the Common, as the 
unfenced ground east of 
Fourth Street was then 
called, the congregation 
erected the plain, two-story, 
weather-boarded meeting- 
house, which, when first 
used in 1S11, was still un- 
finished and unfurnished. In 1810, when Troy was made a station by the 
New York Conference, the Rev. William Phcebus was appointed to take 
charge of it. 

The Rev. Freeborn Garrettson, who had been in Troy when it was only a 
small collection of houses, visited the city in 181 7, and found the society in a 
flourishing condition. The incidents of the later visit, as described by his 
biographer, are particularly noteworthy and interesting: " From Schenectady 
they [he and his daughter] returned to Troy and put up at the house of the 




METHODIST MEETING-HOUSE, l8ll. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 69 

Hon. George Tibbits, whose hospitable mansion is delightfully situated on 
the side of a sloping hill ascending from the eastern part of the city, denomi- 
nated Mount Ida. On the Sabbath, Mr. Garrettson preached in the Metho- 
dist Church, in this city, morning, afternoon, and evening, to an attentive con- 
gregation; and 'truly,' says he, 'it was a good day.' He remarks, that when 
he first visited this place about thirty years before, there were only a few scat- 
tering houses, and no Methodist society; but that now he was rejoiced to find 
a flourishing little city, in which there were four houses of worship, and not 
less than three hundred members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. What 
seemed to add to his religious enjoyment was the catholic and friendly spirit 
manifested by the several religious denominations toward each other." 

The water-power of the Wynants Kill, although early utilized by the Dutch 
settlers to saw lumber, was not otherwise used until 1 789, when David De Freest 
erected a fulling-mill on the north bank of the stream, not far east of the 
present bridge, at the terminus of the street railway. In 1796, Thomas L. 
Witbeck obtained from him a lease of lot 1, on the south side of the creek, 
where now are the steel-works of the Troy Steel and Iron Company, and where 
he erected a flour-mill. In 1807, John Brinckerhoff of Albany, having pur- 
chased the fulling-mill property, began building on the site of the mill, a small 
wooden rolling-mill in which to convert Russia and Sweden bar-iron into plates, 
and to slit them into narrow strips of different lengths to make nails. The 
firm of John Brinckerhoff & Co., in October, that year, announced the 
completion of their "Albany Rolling and Slitting Mill," in the following 
advertisement: " The subscribers have during the summer past been erecting 
a rolling and slitting mill, in the vicinity of this city, [Albany,] which they 
expect will go into operation by the 20th inst. All orders for hoop iron and 
nail rods directed to them, at the sign of the Broad Axe, No. 71 Market Street, 
will be attended to without delay." In January, 1808, the machinery in 
the building, then called the "Albany and Troy Slitting Mill," was in full 
operation. 

The first military company formed in the village, it seems, was the organiza- 
tion called the Troy Grenadiers, of which, in 1796, Thomas Davis was captain. 
The company disbanded some years later. 

The Troy Fusileers were organized in 1803. The officers of the company 
were Nathaniel Adams, captain; Amos Salisbury, lieutenant; and Oliver Lyon ) 
ensign. On July 4th, 1807, the company was presented a stand of colors by 
the ladies of the village. 

The first officers of the Trojan Greens, organized in 1806, were Thomas 
Davis, captain; William S. Parker, lieutenant; and Stephen Warren, ensign. 
The colors carried by the company were embellished with emblems painted 



JO TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

by Ralph' E. W. Earl, and were presented the company, in November, 1807; 
Colonel Derick Lane making the presentation speech. 

The Troy Invincibles were organized in 1808. Hazard Kimberly and 
Guilford D. Young were captains of the company. 

The act to incorporate the Bank of Troy was passed March 22d, 181 1. 
The capital stock was divided into 20,000 shares, of $25 each, exclusive of the 
amount taken by the state, which could not exceed 2,000 shares. The insti- 
tution was under the management of seventeen directors ; three chosen by the 
governor and council of appointment, (of these three, one director resided at 
Lansingburgh, another at Troy, and the third at Waterford,) the other four- 
teen elected by the stockholders, (four resided at Lansingburgh, six at Troy, 
and four at Waterford.) The directors were permitted to establish branch 
banks at Lansingburgh and Waterford, but no paper was to be discounted 
there. On March 12th, 1813, the bank was authorized to establish a branch 
bank at Waterford for deposits and discounting paper. On April 9th, 181 3, 
another act was passed permitting the five directors residing at Lansingburgh, 
to reside in Rensselaer and Saratoga counties. The act of February 4th, 
1 8 14, permitted the five directors residing at Waterford to reside in any part 
of the state. By the act of April 2 2d, 1829, the right of the directors to es- 
tablish a branch bank at Waterford was abrogated. The first directors were : 
Albert Pawling, Benjamin Smith, Joseph D. Selden, Ebenezer Jones, Esaias 
Warren, Richard P. Hart, Jacob Merritt, Thomas Trenor, Alanson Douglas, 
Jonathan Burr, John Stewart, Roger Skinner, John Cramer, John T. Close, 
Moses Scott, Richard Davis, jr., and John House. The bank building was on 
the north-west corner of First and State streets. The institution discontinued 
business on February 27th, 1865. 

It would seem that a boat, named the Trial, moved by " machinery invented 
by Abraham Randal," plied between Troy and Albany, in 18 10. In the fol- 
lowing year the Trial was advertised to " begin her course " between the two 
places ; two shillings being the fare for a round trip. The first steamboat 
touching at Troy as a landing was the Fire-Fly, having a tonnage of 118, built 
in 1 81 2. She began plying between Troy and Albany in the fall of that year. 
Job Fish, " master on board," announced in an advertisement that the hire- 
Fly would leave Troy at seven o'clock in the morning and at one in the after- 
noon. On Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday evenings, she made two more 
passages between the two cities in order to accommodate the passengers ar- 
riving at Albany in the large boats and " bound northwardly." 

The patronage obtained by the Fire-Fly lessened that of the line of stages 
running between the two places, and the steamboat was therefore considered 
an unnecessary means of conveyance by some of the inhabitants of Troy 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. Ji 

favoring the earlier mode of transportation. " For ten years," remarks the 
writer of a communication in the Troy Post, on June ist, 1813, "at least two 
stages have run from Troy to Albany and back, twice a day, with two or four 
horses, as the season and roads required, at a very considerable expense to 
the owners. * * * These stages have been considered a public blessing. 
Shall we be deprived of it by the Fire-Fly, a small steamboat running from 
Albany to Troy?" 

In 1S13, on the south-west corner of Second and Albany streets, where now 
is the book and stationery store of Nims & Knight, was the weather-boarded 
dwelling and cooper shop of David Sherman, which, in May, 1818, became 
the coach-factory of Charles Veazie. West of the house on the corner was a 
wooden barn, thirty-five feet long and twenty-five deep, which was renovated 
and fitted for two law offices in 18 14. The one nearest Second Street was 
occupied by Daniel Hall until 1823, and the other by David Buel, jr., until 
about 1820, when James A. Zander rented it for a barber shop, where he 
continued his business until 1835. On the site of the dry-goods bazaar of 
William H. Frear was a two-story wooden building, known from 1806 to 1814, 
as the Bull's Head Tavern, kept by Elias Lasell. The inn derived its name 
from the effigy hanging in front of it. Subsequently Daniel Oatman rented 
it and kept a grocery store on the first floor for a number of years. The site 
of these structures became known as Cannon Place in 1835, when Le Grand 
Cannon erected there the imposing building extending from Second Street 
to the alley west of it. 

On the south-east corner of Albany and River streets, where now is the 
drug store of Charles H. Wiberley, was, in 18 13, a two-story wooden building, 
on the first floor of which was the jewelry store of James Fellows. The ad- 
joining building on River Street, standing where the hat and fur establish- 
ment of E. W. Boughton & Co. is now, was also a two-story weather-boarded 
one, in which Abraham Fellows, also a goldsmith and watchmaker, pursued 
his trade. Next south of it was another two-story wooden building occupy- 
ing the site of F. W. Sim & Co.'s jewelry store, No. 246 River Street, in 
which Henry Bayeau, also a goldsmith and watchmaker, conducted his busi- 
ness. In 1829, G. M. & C. B. Griffin, watchmakers and jewelers, had their 
store there. 

The ground between this building and the public house kept in 18 13 by 
Piatt Titus had been leased by Jacob D. Van der Heyden, on January 9th, 1794, 
to James Betts, sr., who, on November 2d, 1796, conveyed it to Esaias War- 
ren, who, having erected a two-story wooden dwelling, where now is the store 
of A. Ametrano, merchant tailor, built immediately north of it, in 1803, a two- 
story brick house, in which he lived until he moved to his last residence on 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



the north-east corner of Third and Albany streets. The two buildings and 
other property owned by him on the east side of River Street, north of Piatt 
Titus' Inn, he sold to Lydia Stillwell, on February ist, 1821, for $4,000. In 
1853, Charles H. Wilson purchased the Stillwell property, and, in 1857, reno- 
vated and enlarged the brick building, and, in 1872, demolished the old 
wooden one south of it. 

About 1810, the front room on the first floor of the brick building was 
rented by Houghton & Buel for a law office. In 1833, Joseph Windmill 
opened a shoe store in it. In 1836, John L. Williams succeeded him and re- 
mained there until June 6th, 1851, when 
Charles H. Wilson, who had served him as a 
salesman from August, 1840, purchased his 
stock and good-will, and continued the busi- 




ness. 



EAGLE TAVERN, 
(Piatt Titus' Inn). 



The lower part of the wooden building 
south of the brick one was occupied about 
1809 by James A. Zander, who had his barber 
shop there until he moved it to No. 4 Albany 
Street. The tailoring rooms of J. & N. Ray- 
mond were in 1813 on the second floor and 
were reached by a flight of steps on the south 
side of the building. The law-office of Paine 
& Hall, (Amasa Paine and Daniel Hall,) on 
the second floor of the two-story wooden 
building next south, was also entered from the same stairway. On the lower 
floor were the millinery rooms of Lydia Stillwell, sign of " the Band Box." 

A wide wooden gate, hanging between the last-mentioned building and the 
one south of it, opened into the tavern yard. The site of the inn was leased 
by Jacob D. Van der Heyden, on May ist, 1790, to James Wardwell, a black- 
smith, who erected on it a dwelling and smithy. The inn was opened, it 
seems, in 1797, by Captain Henry Slason, whom Piatt Titus succeeded in 
April, 1803, when, by an advertisement, he informed "the public and particu- 
larly his late friends," that he had "removed from the village of Washington 
to Troy," and had " taken the large and elegant three-story brick house, at 
the sign of the Eagle," which had " lately been occupied by Mr. Henry Slason." 
The two-story wooden building south of the inn on First Street, was occu- 
pied by Yeazie & Barnard, carriage makers, in 181 5. 

In 1 8 14, Elias Lasell moved from the tavern kept by him for eight years 
on the site of Cannon Place, and occupied the two-story brick building, on the 
south-east corner of Second and River streets, which Elam Buel had opened 



TROY'S ONE H UNDRED YEARS. 7 3 

in 1807 as " a house of entertainment," and which, as the latter advertised, 
was "spacious and air)-, and the yard and stabling large and convenient." In 
1809, when George Reab was the landlord of the inn, it was called the Indian 
Queen. On the occupation of the house by Elias Lasell it took the name of 
Bull's Head Tavern from the sign suspended in front of it. In 1S2S, it was 
known by the name of the Rensselaer House, kept by Dorlons & Huddleston. 
In 1S30, George V. Huddleston, on the withdrawal of Elias and Philip Dorlon, 
continued in charge of the house until 1832, when he assumed control of the 
Mansion House. 

The triangular space, bounded by Albany, Second, and River streets, laid 
out in 17S7 as lot 132 on the map of Vanderheyden, was on February 20th, 
1792, leased by Jacob D. Van der Heyden to James Spencer, who built on the 
southeast corner of the plat, a two-story brick house. Twenty years later, 
there was a flat-roofed, two-story, weather-boarded building, with a narrow 
veranda, standing on the plat, at the angle of Albany and River streets. In 
the basement was the bakery of John Lantrow. On the first floor were the 
departments of Madam Kelly, a fashionable milliner. On the River Street 
side, and north of the latter building, was another weather-boarded one, in 
which was the grocery of Jacob and Philip Dater. Beyond it, on the south- 
west corner of River and Second streets, was a third two-story, weather- 
boarded building; the rooms on the first floor being occupied by a shoemaker, 
and those on the second by a tailor. At the curb of the sidewalk, in front of 
the house, was a street-pump. On July 1st, 181 5, James Spencer sold his lot 
and the buildings on it to Jacob and Philip Dater for $5,000. By an agree- 
ment made by certain merchants and others owning buildings in the vicinity 
who had contributed the money to buy the property, Jacob and Philip Dater 
were to convey the plat to the city of Troy after the removal of the brick 
house and the three wooden buildings on it. On June 5th, 18 16, they conveyed 
the ground to the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the city of 
Troy " for a publick street or open common, to be at all times by them kept 
open and unencumbered with any building or buildings, and for the free and 
publick use of the inhabitants of the said city." On September 3d, 1S18, the 
common council gave it the name of Washington Square. About the year 
1835, a marble fountain, with three basins, was erected in the center of the 
plat. In 1848, an iron fence was built around the circular space occupied by 
the fountain. Some years later the fountain was removed. The evidences 
of the growth of the village are interestingly presented in the description of 
Troy, published in 181 3, in the Gazetteer of the state of New York: 

" The village of Troy is finely seated on a handsome gravelly plain, on the 
east bank of the Hudson, six miles north of Albany. It is incorporated as a 



74 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

village, is regularly laid out into streets and squares, and contains 660 houses 
and stores, 5 houses of worship, 2 banks, the court-house and prison for the 
county, a market-house, and many other buildings. A large proportion of the 
houses are wood, but many of them are large and elegant, as are also those 
built of brick, which form a considerable number of the whole. The ground 
on which the village stands is very level, composed of a loose and remarkably 
clean gravel. 

" The streets are wide, with sufficient sidewalks, but pavements are not yet 
in use. River Street, the principal avenue, extends along the river about one 
mile; and as it curves with that, receives all the shorter streets that run north 
and south, as well as those that lead east and west. Excepting River Street, 
the others all run at right lines, forming the rear space into perfect squares, 
and the straight streets are each sixty feet wide. No town on the Hudson is 
laid out with better taste or judgment, and no one appears to better advantage. 

" There is a long rope-walk in the south part of the village, and almost 
every branch of common mechanical industry, with a considerable variety of 
manufacturing. The trade of Troy is very extensive, and it employs a great 
number of sloops, etc., on the Hudson; in all about thirty sloops and eighteen 
smaller vessels. In wealth and trade, Troy takes the third rank in the state 
among its populous towns. * * * 

" There are two banks in this village, with an aggregate capital of $850,000, 
and the houses belonging to these bank companies are of brick, handsome 
edifices, that are very ornamental, and stand contiguous, in a central part of 
the village. 

"The river-hill which rises in the rear of Troy is very appropriately called 
Mount Ida, and its fine sides and summits present most elegant sites for build- 
ing that command an extensive view of Troy and the surrounding country. 
From the summit of this hill, the view embraces Albany, Lansingburgh, and 
Waterford, and the Cohoes Falls of the Mohawk, with the whole extent of 
intermediate country, while Troy lies like an embossed map just at your feet 
inviting to nearer view. And there are falls of Mount Ida also. The Poesten 
Kill is roaring along toward the Hudson, and presents some falls of a most 
interesting appearance, where are mills and various water-works. The descent 
is very great in a short distance, and I regret that I have no account of an 
exact measurement. * * * 

" There are now, [in] 18 12, about 540 dwelling-houses, [and] 120 stores [in 
the village], many of which are very large and elegant, and a large number of 
shops. Troy is governed by a president and several trustees. The 

president has a salary of $150, and a clerk and an attorney for the corpora- 
tion have each a salary of $30. * * * 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 75 

"Few, if any, of the towns on the Hudson enjoy greater facilities for manu- 
factures than Troy. Its conveniences for water-works are very great. :: " 
There are a rolling and slitting-mill, an extensive cotton and woolen factory, a 
paper-mill, carding machine, fulling-mill, a manufactory of fire-arms, and one 
also of shovels and spades, besides several nail works, a distillery, and several 
grain and saw-mills." 

During the war of 1812-15, the Army of the North was supplied with large 
quantities of provisions by the merchants of Troy. One firm, in September, 
1S12, paid thirty thousand dollars for the transportation of supplies to Pitts- 
burgh and Greenbush. At the latter place, the United States government, 
having purchased, in May, about three hundred acres of land, had erected 
a number of large wooden buildings for the use of the troops of the Northern 
Department. In the fall of 1S12, the movement of infantry and artillery 
through the village was quite frequent. On Thursday, September 3d, an 
artillery company and two regiments of infantry, under the command of 
Brigadier-General Bloomfield, on their way to Plattsburgh, encamped near the 
village. 

" General Bloomfield's veterans are very unskillful watermen," an editor of 
one of the village newspapers remarked a few days afterward. " We are in- 
formed that many of the batteaux which have passed this town, manned by 
soldiers only, were in a very leaky condition, and that a large quantity of 
bread, powder, and other articles on board of them was spoiled by being wet." 

In the second week of September, the drafted militia of Rensselaer and 
Columbia counties went into camp about a mile from the village. 

The two military companies, the Troy Fusileers and the Troy Invincibles, 
were also called into active service. On Saturday, September 19th, they, re- 
spectively commanded by Captain Oliver Lyon and Captain Benjamin Higbie, 
beean their march to Plattsburoh in obedience to orders received from his 
excellency, Governor Tompkins. "They were joined in the village by a com- 
pany of riflemen from Watervliet, who had volunteered their services to the 
President of the United States, and a company of cavalry from Saratoga 
County, and at Lansingburgh by Captain King's company of artillery. His 
excellency, the Governor (very graciously) accompanied them to Waterford. 
The whole were escorted to the latter place by the rifle company, the Trojan 
Greens, under the command of Lieutenant Dole." 

A British reconnoitering force having occupied the village of St. Regis, the 
Fusileers and Invincibles, at French Mills, were ordered, on October 2 2d, to 
capture them. They surprised the enemy, killing four, mortally wounding one, 
and capturing forty with their colors, two batteaux, and thirty-eight stand of 
arms. 



/6 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The two companies returned to the village in December bringing with them 
the captured colors. On January 5th, 181 3, they were taken to the capitol at 
Albany and formerly presented to the state of New York. 

John E. Wool, who, after the burning of his dry-goods store on River 
Street, in 18 10, had begun the study of law, was appointed in the spring of 
1812, by the recommendation of Governor Clinton and other influential men, 
a captain in the Thirteenth Regiment of United States Infantry. In Febru- 
ary. 1813, he opened a recruiting office in the village, and circulated an appeal 
"to the patriotic young men of the counties of Rensselaer and Washington" 
urging them " to avenge the wrongs committed on our sacred country, or die in 
the attempt." 

Among the contractors supplying the Army of the North with provisions was 
Elbert Anderson, jr., who, on October 1st, 181 2, advertised in the Troy and 
Albany newspapers for proposals for " two thousand barrels of prime pork and 
three hundred barrels of prime beef," to be delivered to him in the months of 
January, February, March, and April, at Waterford, Troy, Albany, and New 
York. Ebenezer and Samuel Wilson, who were then extensively engaged in 
slaughtering cattle in the village, contracted to furnish him a quantity of beef 
" packed in full-bound barrels of white oak." From time to time they de- 
livered it at the camp at Greenbush, where the soldiers from Troy designated 
it as " Uncle Sam's," implying that it was furnished by Samuel Wilson, whom 
they and other people of the village were accustomed to call " Uncle Sam." 
The other recruits, thinking that the term was applied to the letters U. S., 
stamped upon the barrels by the government inspector of beef, began using 
the appellation " Uncle Sam " figuratively for the United States, in the same 
way that the name " fohn Bull " is used to designate the English nation. 

In August, 1S14, the Trojan Greens, commanded by Captain Sidney Dole, 
having tendered their services in the defense of New York, then menaced by 
the enemy, were sent there with other troops from Albany. In September, 
the Troy Fusileers and the Troy Invincibles were likewise accepted for the 
same service and were also transported to the metropolis. In the latter part 
of November the three companies returned to Troy having received high 
commendations " for their patriotic and faithful services." 

The reception of Commodore Thomas Macdonough, on Saturday, Decem- 
ber 3d, that year, by the people of the village, was an occasion of considerable 
enthusiasm. 

On the reception of the news of the ratification of peace between the United 
States and Great Britain in Troy, on Tuesday afternoon, February 21st, 1S15, 
it was ordered that the people should give expression to their joy on the fol- 
lowing day, Wednesday. " The bells were rung, and at eleven o'clock a 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 77 

numerous procession was formed," which marched to the Presbyterian meeting- 
house, where suitable religious services were conducted by the ministers of the 
different churches. In the evening, the dwellings and stores were illuminated. 
From sundown until nine o'clock, "the roar of cannon was almost incessant, 
and at intervals in the evening the beauty of the whole scene was much height- 
ened by the appearance of rockets let off from the United States Arsenal," at 
Gibbonsville. 

In the fall of 1814 began what was afterward known as " the panic" of that 
year. It was primarily caused by the great diminution of gold and silver coin 
in the country by payments for foreign goods in specie during the existence 
of the rigorous blockade of the ports of the United States. Later the adver- 
sities of the war occasioned alarm and distrust, particularly the success of the 
British in destroying the public buildings in Washington, on August 24th, that 
year. 

The suspension of specie payments by the Farmers' Bank and the Bank of 
Troy, on September 5th, was in compliance with a resolution adopted by the 
inhabitants who deemed it expedient, having had intelligence of the action 
taken by the citizens of Philadelphia, New York, and Albany to protect the 
banks in those places. 

The village trustees, in view of the scarcity of small change, authorized 
Parker & Bliss, on September 10th, to issue printed notes of denominational 
values, not exceeding twelve and a half cents, to the amount of $1,000, in 
order to remedy the inconvenience resulting from the withdrawal of silver 
coin. 

In 1S14, the people of Troy inaugurated their notable opposition to the 
building of a bridge across the Hudson at Albany, which they persistently 
continued for more than half a century. 

The population of the village in 1815 was 4,254, showing an increase of 
1,999 inhabitants in ten years. 

Few places in the United States at this time displayed as much local pride 
and activity as Troy. The energy and ambition of its settlers were the praise 
of all travelers and sojourners. With Lansingburgh and Albany the people 
of Troy had successfully competed for the trade of the surrounding country; 
they had built mills and factories and had made them busy with remunerative 
orders; they had generously welcomed all comers to the seat of their thrift 
and enterprise; and had freely given their influence and money for the further- 
ance of state and national interests. 

The consideration of the advantages to be obtained by changing the form 
of their local government and franchises caused the majority of the electors to 
favor the incorporation of Troy as a city. The last meeting of the Board of 



78 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Trustees was held at Titus' Inn, on Thursday, May 9th, 1816. The proceed- 
ings were unimportant and brief, without any declaration of the event that was 
to mark the beginning of an era of the larger commercial and manufacturing 
interests of the people of the city of Troy. 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE CITY OF TROY. 
1816-1824. 

THE charter, entitled "an act to incorporate the city of Troy," passed by 
the Legislature, on April 12th, 1816, constituted the inhabitants a cor- 
porate and politic body, "by the name of 'The Mayor, Recorder, 
Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of Troy.' ' The municipal territory 
comprised "all that district of country, in the county of Rensselaer, contained 
within the boundary lines of the town of Troy." By the act, the city was 
divided into six wards. The first, second, third, and fourth were within the 
same limits given in the act of April 4th, 1S06. The fifth ward comprised that 
part of the city, not included in either of them, lying north of a line beginning 
at the bridge spanning the Poesten Kill, near the grist-mill of Townsend 
McCoun, and crossing the bridge and running along the south line of the 
Hollow Road until it intersected the Schuyler Road, where it turned due 
south and ran to the south limits of the city, or the north line of the town of 
Greenbush. The sixth ward embraced all "the rest and residue" of the city 
not within the bounds of the other five wards. 

The act ordained the election and appointment of the following city officers: 
a mayor, a recorder, six aldermen, four assistant aldermen, a clerk, a marshal, 
a chamberlain, a supervisor, one or more collectors, six assessors, and six 
constables. 

The act provided for the annual appointment of a mayor, a recorder, and a 
marshal by the Governor and Council of Appointment, and also for the annual 
election in each of the wards of an alderman, an assistant alderman, a con- 
stable, and an assessor, except in the fifth and sixth wards, where no assistant 
aldermen were to be chosen. 

The act further ordained that these officers should be chosen at an election 
held on the second Tuesday of May in each year. 

It likewise provided that the common council composed of the mayor, re- 
corder, aldermen, and assistant aldermen should hold its meetines at such times 
and places as the mayor, or in his absence or sickness, the recorder, should 
appoint, and that the mayor, or in his absence, the recorder, should preside at 



So 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 




::: 91! §! i i 

fc % % a b ? 



the meetings of the common council, and in their absence, one of the alder- 
men appointed by the members then present. 

In compliance with the requirements of the charter an election was held on 
Tuesday, May 14th, in each of the wards. 

The first meeting of the common council was held at the court-house on 
Tuesday, May 21st; the mayor, Colonel Albert Pawling, presiding. 

The mayor's court, as provided by the charter, was held at the court-house 
on the first Tuesday of each month. 

The alterations in the Bap- 
tist meeting-house in the sum- 
mer of 1 816 having tempora- 
rily unfitted the building for 
use, the members of the Pres- 
byterian Church tendered the 
Baptist congregation their 
meeting-house for the ordi- 
nation of the Rev. Charles 
G. Somers, on July 10th that 
year. In 1824, the first pub- 
lic clock in the village was 
put in the tower of the First 
Particular Baptist meeting-house. In 1826, an addition of eighteen feet was 
made to the length of the church affording room for twenty eight new pews. 
The summer of 1816 was remarkably cold. The year, as described by a 
newspaper, was known as the one " without a summer." The farmers desig- 
nated it " eighteen hundred and starve to death." " January was mild as was 
also February, with the exception of a few days. The greater part of March 
was cold and boisterous. April opened warm, but grew colder as it advanced, 
ending with snow and ice, and winter cold. In May, ice formed half an inch 
thick, buds and Mowers were frozen, and corn killed. Frost, ice, and snow 
were common in June. Almost every green thing was killed, and the fruit 
was nearly all destroyed. Snow fell to the depth of nearly three inches in New 
York and Massachusetts, and ten inches in Maine. July was accompanied by 
frost and ice. On the fifth ice was formed of the thickness of window glass in 
New York, New England, and Pennsylvania, and corn was nearly all de- 
stroyed in certain sections. In August ice formed half an inch thick. A cold 
northern wind prevailed nearly all summer. 

" Corn was so frozen that a great deal was cut down and dried for fodder. 
Very little ripened in New England. * * * Farmers were obliged to pay 
$4 or $5 a bushel for corn of 1815, for seed for the next year's planting. The 



FIRST PARTICULAR BAPTIST CHURCH AND THIRD STREET 
BURIAL GROUND, 1824. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. Si 

first two weeks of September were mild, the rest of the month was cold, with 
frost, and ice formed a quarter of an inch thick. October was more than 
usually cold, with frost and ice. November was cold and blustering, with 
snow enough for good sleighing. December was quite mild and comfortable.'' 

The weather of June that year was long remembered by the inhabitants of 
the city, for many had their fears excited by the prediction of the eccentric 
religionist, Benjamin Gorton, that the world would be destroyed by fire on the 
eighth of the month. He and his followers were therefore greatly derided 
when on the day for the fulfillment of his prediction the weather was ex- 
tremely cold, the brooks being frozen and the ground white with fallen snow. 

On Wednesday, June 26th, the following advertisement inaugurated the 
earliest known action of the people to organize a Sunday School in Troy: 

" All the citizens friendly to the institution of Sunday Schools are requested 
to meet at the court house, on Wednesday evening next, at 7 o'clock, for the 
purpose of adopting a plan of association." The meeting was held at the time 
designated, and a committee was appointed to draft a constitution. On July 
8th, the Troy Sunday School Association was organized by the election of the 
following persons as its officers : Joseph Russell, president; Silas Covell, 
vice-president; John Loudon, treasurer ; David Buel, secretary ; the)- severally 
representing the Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist, and Episcopal churches of 
the city. Undenominational schools were formed in several of the six wards. 
Sunday School No. 1, in the first ward, was opened with twelve teachers and 
twenty-seven scholars, on Sunday, July 14th, in the school-house on the south- 
east corner of Second and Ferry streets, "occupied by Mr. Dumbleton." The 
school in the second ward held its sessions in a room in the court-house. The 
exercises consisted of prayers, singing, exhortations, spelling, reading, and 
recitations of memorized verses of scripture. At first two sessions were held 
on Sundays ; one at eight o'clock in the morning, and another at two o'clock. 
In the following winter, the schools had only one session on Sundays, and that 
began at two o'clock. 

A slight shock of an earthquake was felt in the city on Sunday morning, 
October 5th, 1817, at forty minutes after eleven o'clock. The undulation 
lasted about fifteen seconds. 

On Monday night, March 2d, 18 18, when one-fourth of the area of the city 
was deeply inundated by a freshet, the rise of the river was eighteen inches 
higher than it had been during the preceding twenty years. Mr. Hoyle, who 
was occupying the brick farm-house, still standing near the river, between the 
Poesten Kill and the Wynants Kill, previously the property of Major Henry- 
Schuyler, "lost ten sheep, two neat cattle, and all his hogs" by the flood. 
The members of his family were conveyed from the house in a boat. 



-X- 



Xj TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

In i S i S, the Troy Lyceum of Natural History was projected. On Novem- 
ber 9th, that year, the first officers were elected; John I). Dickinson, president; 
|ames Dalaby, first vice-president; David Buel, second vice-president; Obed 
Rice, recording secretary; Amatus Robbins, M. 1)., corresponding secretary ; 
Albert Pawling 1 leartt, treasurer; and Moses Hale, M. I )., Ira M Wells, M. I)., 
and Amatus Robbins, M. 1)., curators. "A year from its commencement it 
numbered among its members some ol the most celebrated men in the United 
States, and the publications of its transactions were circulated from one end 
of the country to the other. This was, indeed, the first society of the kind in 
America. The celebrity of this one brought others into existence elsewhere. 
:: ' The society first met in the school-house near the old church of St. 
Paul's, but subsequently a suitable hall was procured in the court-house in 
which the specimens were kept and where the meetings were held." '1 he 
society was incorporated on March 7th, 1820. 

The map ol Yanderheyden, made by 1' lores Banker, on May 1st, I 787, from 
his survey of the farm of Jacob I). Van der Heyden, became a part of the 
different maps representing the village and city surveys of later date. On 
February 9th, [793, fohn E. Van Alen made a map of the property of Jacob 
1. Van der Heyden, between the line of Grand (Division) Street and the 
Piscawen Kill, ami also of that of Matthias Van der Heyden, between the line 
of Division Street and the Poesten Kill, on May 10th, 1793. 

The map of the city of Troy, made by John Klein, in 1818, accurately rep- 
resents all the surveyed parts of the three farms between the Poesten Kill and 
North Street, beyond Mount Olympus. The site of the mills of Townsend 
McCoun, Ephraim Morgan, and Isaac Merritt, on the Poesten Kill, the man 
sion of Philip Meant, on Mount Ida, that of George Tibbits, now the Day 
Home, that of facob D. Van der Heyden, west of the line of Eighth Street, 
near Grand Division Street, that of Colonel Albert Pawling, on the south 
side of Washington Street, between River and Court (First) Street, and the 
mill of Daniel Hudson, near the mouth of the Poesten Kill, are severally 
delineated on it. hirst. Second, Third, and Fourth streets, south of Division 
Street, were then known as Court, Vanderheyden, Federal, and Taylor 
streets, and the first street south of Washington, since laid out into building 
lots, was called Congress Street. The first bridge spanning the Poesten Kill, 
was opposite the tan-yard property of George Allen, where now is the building 
known as 168 Hill Street. 

In 171)8, the ferry, from the foot of Ferry Street to Gibbonsville, (West 
Troy,) began to be called the Upper Ferry, to distinguish it from the Lower 
Ferry, established in May, that year, by Mahlon Taylor, at the foot of Wash- 
ington Street. The first ferry-boats were scows, propelled by iron-pointed 



- s 



- r. 




84 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

poles. About the beginning of the century, the scows were attached to cables 
stretched across the river, and were driven by the force of the current from 
one landing to the other. 

In May, 1819, the teamboat, invented by Barnabas Langdon of Whitehall, 
began running between the landings of the Upper Ferry. Professor Benja- 
min Silliman, who crossed the river on it that year, described the singular 
construction of the new boat. "A platform covers a wide, flat boat. Under- 
neath the platform there is a large horizontal solid wheel which extends to the 
sides of the boat ; and there the platform or deck is cut through, and removed, 
so as to afford sufficient room for two horses to stand on the flat surface of 
the wheel, one horse on each side and parallel to the gunwale of the boat. The 
horses are harnessed in the usual manner for teams, the whiffletrees being at- 
tached to stout iron bars, fixed horizontally, at a proper height into posts, 
which are a part of the fixed portion of the boat. The horses look in oppo- 
site directions, one to the bow and the other to the stern ; their feet take hold 
of channels or grooves cut in the wheels, in the direction of radii ; they press 
forward, and although they advance not, any more than a squirrel in a revolv- 
ino- ca^e, or than a spit dogf at his work, their feet cause the horizontal wheel 
to revolve in a direction opposite to that of their own apparent motion ; this, 
by a connection of cogs, moves vertical wheels, one on each wing of the boat, 
and these, being constructed like the paddle wheels of steamboats, produce 
the same effect, and propel the boat forward. The horses are covered by a 
roof, furnished with curtains, to protect them in bad weather ; they do not 
appear to labor harder than common draft horses with a heavy load." The 
boat was eighty feet long. A similarly constructed boat was shortly after- 
ward placed on the Lower Ferry. 

The first steam ferry-boat began plying on the Upper Ferry in July, 1826. 
It was built by John C. Langdon & Co.. for John G. Van der Heyden, the 
owner of the ferry. It was constructed like a scow ; drew about two feet of 
water, and was propelled by an engine of ten-horse power. It was seventy- 
five feet lonsr and eighteen wide. 

In 1854, by a decision of the Supreme Court, the exclusive privilege of 
possessing the ferry rights on the river opposite the city by the Van der Hey- 
den heirs and their successors was annulled, and the right to receive tolls by 
those maintaining the ferries became a state franchise. 

About that time a ferry was established at the foot of Broadway; the land- 
ing on the west side of the river being at the south end of Green Island. 
The fourth ferry, at the foot of Douw Street, with a landing at Tibbits Street, 
Green Island, was established some time after the construction of the State 
Dam. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 85 

On Friday morning, October 13th, 1854, the ferry-skiff, plying between the 
city and Green Island and having seventeen passengers aboard, was upset in 
the middle of the river by swells from the steamboat Alice, and eleven persons 
were drowned. 

It would seem that Joshua Thurston, from London, England, who began 
manufacturing pianos in Troy in 18 19, was the first person to engage in the 
business in the state of New York. In May, that year, he informed the citi- 
zens of Troy and Albany, in an advertisement, that he had " a good, three- 
stringed, cabinet piano forte," which he should offer for sale as soon as it was 
finished. In July, following, he advertised " a grand cabinet piano forte, with 
drum accompaniment," for sale, at Union Hall. " The amateurs of music and 
friends of home manufacture," he announced, " are respectfully invited to call 
and inspect his six octave, grand cabinet piano forte, which he assures them is 
equal to the best that has been imported in touch, tone, appearance, and for 
strength and standing in tune superior to all." 

In July, 1 819, the appointment of Thomas Turner as mayor in place of 
Colonel Albert Pawling, who had held the office since the incorporation of 
the city, was so adversely criticised by the citizens, that he declined it. In 
February, 1820, Esaias Warren was appointed mayor of the city by the Gover- 
nor and Council of Appointment. In February, 1821, Colonel Pawling was 
again appointed to the office but courteously declined it and recommended 
the reappointment of his successor, Esaias Warren, who was again given the 
office. From 1822 to 1840, the Common Council annually elected the mayors. 
Since 1840, they have been chosen by the popular vote. 

The recorders of Troy were appointed by the Governor and Council of 
Appointment until 1822; from 1822 to 1847, by the Governor and Senate ; 
and in 1847, an ^ until the office was abolished by the Legislature, on April 
17th, 1S67, to take effect on January 1st, 1868, they were elected by the people. 

The first fair of the Rensselaer County Agricultural Society, organized 
June 3d, 1819, was held on the Common, south of Hoosick Street, on Tues- 
day and Wednesday, October 12th and 13th, that year. At nine o'clock in 
the morning, on the first day of the fair, a procession of citizens and country 
people marched from the court-house to the grounds. 

On the second day of the fair, the society, "accompanied by the clergy of 
the city and neighboring towns, under the direction of the Marshal, Colonel 
Knickerbacker, Assistant Marshal, General Carr, and escorted by the fine 
company from the United States Arsenal, commanded by Lieutenants Morton 
and Walker, preceded by the excellent band, * * * moved down River 
and First streets to the Presbyterian meeting-house, where had assembled a 
large audience of females from the city and country. The services at the 



86 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

church were commenced by an appropriate ode sung by the large choir under 
the direction of Mr. Hastings, in a style of unrivaled excellence. * * * 
The throne of grace was then addressed by the Rev. Dr. Coe in his peculiarly 
impressive and appropriate manner. A second ode was followed by a very 
able, instructive and interesting address from the president, [the Hon. George 
Tibbits.] 

"The premiums which had been awarded by the committee were then an- 
nounced, after some pertinent prefatory remarks by Elkanah Watson, Esq. 

"After the distribution of premiums an appropriate prayer by the Rev. Mr. 
Somers concluded the services at the church. 

"The society then again formed and proceeded to Barney's Hotel, where 
they partook of an excellent farmers' dinner." 

On Tuesday afternoon, June 20th, 1820, about four o'clock, a stable in the 
rear of Colonel Thomas Davis' residence, on the west side of First Street, 
north of Congress Street, was discovered to be on fire. The wind was blow- 
ing briskly from the south and the flames had a rapid course northward, de- 
stroying on First, State, and River streets, ninety buildings, of which sixty-nine 
were stores and dwellings. All the buildings on the west side of First Street, 
from and including Colonel Thomas Davis' residence, on the site of the build- 
ing No. 2>7 First Street, to the intersection of First and River streets, except- 
ing the Bank of Troy, were burned. Likewise all the buildings on the east 
side of River Street, from and including; the brick store of H. & G. Vail, on 
the site of the building No. 158 River Street, to the intersection of River and 
First streets. And also all those on the west side of River Street, from Sam- 
uel Gale's drug store, on the site of John L. Thompson, Sons, & Co.'s build- 
ing, northward to the site of the building, No. 227 River Street, occupied by 
Corning & Co.'s drug store, opposite the Troy House; besides the buildings 
on the north and south sides of State Street, between First and River streets. 

The citizens, "with the timely aid of some fire engines from Lansingburgh, 
Albany, Waterford, and the United States Arsenal, and the citizens of those 
places, made a great and successful effort to stop the fire at Dr. Coming's 
store." 

''The immense quantity of grain, Hour, provisions, etc., with which many 
stores four, five and six stories high were crowded full," as the Northern Budget 
of July 4th, 1820, relates, "still burn like a coal-pit, and such is the depth of the 
cellars, that it is quite impracticable totally to extinguish the fire. It is a 
singular fact that whole barrels of wheat Hour have been completely charred 
by the late fire, and, without the aid of water, formed a coal harder than that 
made from hard wood. A piece of this coal was taken from the ruins by a 
gentleman, who kept it some time in his hands and handed it to others, and 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 87 

then carried it to Piatt Titus' Tavern, [ Troy House,] and delivered it to him 
to keep until he should leave the city, as he intended to take it with him. 
Piatt Titus laid it in his bar, and after some time it was discovered that the 
coal was on fire, and was burning so freely that had it not been discovered, it 
is probable the house would soon have been in flames from it." 

The unhappy consequences of the conflagration suggested the observance 
of a day of humiliation and prayer, and July 12th was set apart for a public 
expression in the different churches of the people's submission to the will of 
God. 

The Troy Post of January 23d, 182 1, adverting to the enterprise of the 
citizens after the conflagration, remarks : " The amount of business trans- 
acted in this city during the last fall and present winter far exceeds what could 
have been expected. Notwithstanding the low prices of country produce, 
hundreds of sleighs from the north and west daily thronged our streets for 
several weeks. The growing preference which the western farmers, who have 
grain to dispose of, give to this market, is an earnest of the future increase of 
the business of the city. The gloom which overspread our citizens imme- 
diately after the fire has disappeared. The desponding feelings, excited by 
the view of the smoking ruins of the most commercial section of the city, 
were dissipated, when we saw about twenty-five edifices reared amidst the ruins 
in the short space of five months after the fire." 

Generous contributions of provisions, clothing, furniture, and money were 
sent from different places in the state and from other towns and cities in the 
United States. On March 19th, 1S21, the committee which distributed them 
acknowledged the contribution of $14,252.49 and large quantities of food and 
goods. The contributions of New York City were $6,227.35. 

The total loss of property was estimated at $700,000. The Rensselaer and 
Saratoga Insurance Company of Troy paid losses amounting to $110,000 
within sixty days after the fire. 

A voyage to New York from Troy in a sloop, although pleasurable and 
inexpensive, was sometimes long and tedious. Contrary winds and calm 
weather not unfrequently lengthened the time beyond a week. When ves- 
sels lay at anchor for want of favoring winds, the passengers, becoming weary 
of fishing, often made short excursions on shore. Fourteen hours were con- 
sidered to be the time of a short passage to the city. A sloop making a 
voyage down and back in four days was exceedingly fortunate. In calm 
weather a vessel could float with the tide six hours. Sailing- with " a white- 
ash breeze," when there was no wind, implied the use of long, white-ash oars 
or sweeps, as they were usually called, to advance the progress of the vessel. 
Fourteen miles a day was the distance commonly accomplished by rowing and 



88 TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

floating with the tide. Kedging was a more tiresome and slower way of 
moving a sloop in calm weather. A boat carrying a line from the sloop having 
been rowed to an island in advance of it, when a small anchor called a hedge 
having been sunk into the ground, the vessel was hauled forward by means of 
the line fastened to the hedge. Ten to fourteen passengers were the number 
which could be accommodated conveniently with berths on a sloop. 

Storms and contrary winds in the Highlands often detained sailing vessels 
there for days before a passage could be made through that mountainous re- 
gion. In 1 82 1, the names of thirty-nine sloops owned by Troy merchants 
and rivermen were published in one of the city newspapers. The short trip of 
the sloop Canton, commanded by Captain Phineas Truesdell, from Troy to 
New York and back, in April, that year, was regarded as extraordinary. 
" She sailed from this city on Wednesday morning last, at six o'clock, with a 
full cargo, and arrived at New York at eleven o'clock, the same evening. On 
Thursday, she discharged her cargo, received such freight as was offered, sailed 
from New York on Friday evening, and arrived here on Saturday evening at 
nine o'clock, having been absent eighty-seven hours ; forty-four of which she 
was in New York. We believe this to be the most expeditious trip ever made 
to New York from this place by a sloop." 

The transportation of flour, wheat, black salts, lumber, and leather, besides 
country produce, to New York and to places on the New England coast pre- 
vious to the use of steamboats, canal-boats, and railroad cars, was entirely 
accomplished by sailing vessels during the season of navigation, beginning in 
April and ending in November. Not a few of the grain merchants of Troy 
shipped annually from their store-houses from forty to fifty thousand bushels 
of wheat. In the winter of 1822-23, more than three hundred thousand bush- 
els of wheat were purchased by Troy dealers for shipment in the following 
spring. 

Mrs. Emma Willard, the wife of John Willard, M. D., while principal of a 
girls' boarding-school, at Middlebury, Vermont, established by her in 1814, 
believing that an institution for the higher education of young women was 
greatly needed in the United States, projected a plan for the incorporation 
and endowment of a seminary at which girls might receive instruction in the 
same branches of knowledge as young men in colleges. Desiring to establish 
one at some suitable place in the state of New York, she addressed a letter 
to Governor De Witt Clinton, at Albany, expressing her views, and in a 
manuscript transmitted him, outlining her plan for improving the education of 
young women. On December 31st, 1818, he wrote her, saying that he would 
be pleased to see her the principal of such an institution as she had described, 
and expressing his willingness to aid her in carrying out her project. That 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 89 

winter, the Legislature " passed an act incorporating a female seminary at 
Waterford, placing it under the inspection of the Regents of the University, 
and allowing it to receive a share of the literary fund." Shortly afterward the 
large building, on Broad Street, in Waterford, known as Demarest's Tavern, 
was rented for the use of the school to be conducted by Mrs. Willard. Writ- 
ing from Middlebury about that time to a friend, she remarks: "I have just 
received intelligence that the bill to incorporate an institution in Water- 
ford on the plan alluded to has passed ; that the trustees have organized, and 
appointed Rev. Samuel Blatchford president ; that a large and commodious 
building in Waterford has been taken, to which Dr. Willard and myself are to 
remove as soon as the roads are settled. But the great point still remains to 
be gained, and is now pending before the Legislature of New York, which is, 
whether or not it will grant funds sufficient to carry the plans into execution. 
A petition to that effect is now before the Legislature." 

In the spring of 18 19, Mrs. Willard removed to Waterford and opened the 
seminary with a goodly number of pupils. Having received no financial aid 
from the Legislature other than the money from the Literature Fund, she con- 
sented to take charge of a girl's seminary which some of the influential and 
wealthy citizens of Troy proposed to establish. To accomplish their purpose 
they induced the Common Council to pass a resolution on March 26th, 1821, 
to raise by tax in the first four wards in the city the sum of $4,000, "for the 
purpose of purchasing or erecting a suitable building for a Female Academy." 
To further the project the Common Council appointed Jeremiah Dauchy, 
Ephraim Morgan, Gurdon Corning, Nathan Warren, Lewis Lyman, John G. 
Van der Heyden, Thomas Skelding, Gilbert Reilay, George Smith, Richard 
P. Hart, and James Vandenburgh a committee to obtain for the city " by pur- 
chase or otherwise suitable accommodations for the establishment of a Female 
Academy," and authorized them "to expend a sum not exceeding $5,000, and 
provide a suitable person to superintend and instruct " the scholars attending 
the school. 

On April 14th, 1S21, the city purchased the Troy Coffee House property, 
originally belonging to Captain Howard Moulton, on the west side of Second 
Street, between Congress and Ferry streets, for $1,700. 

Writing from Waterford to her mother respecting the prospects of the 
seminary to be established in Troy, Mrs. Emma Willard remarks: "You will, 
perhaps, wonder at our removal. A short account of the matter is this : That 
the lease of the house [in Waterford] expires in May. The people of the 
town have not made provision for a suitable building ; the Legislature has 
not furnished us the means of making one. The corporation and citizens of 
Troy proposed to do for the promotion of my plan what we had petitioned 



90 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the Legislature to do first here. After giving the good people due notice of 
the state of affairs, and their failure to make us any eligible proposal, we have 
concluded to go to Troy. The corporation has raised $4,000 by tax. An- 
other fund has been raised by subscription. They are now erecting a brick 
buildino-, sixty by forty, three stories above the basement ; and the basement, 
raised five feet above the ground, contains a dining-room, as well as a kitchen 
and a laundry." 

The projectors of the institution having agreed to advance the money 
needed to renovate and fit the building for the school, the Common Council, 
on May 3d, passed a resolution to repay it " out of the first moneys " received 
by the city for the rent of the building or derive'd from the sale of it. 

In May, Mrs. Willard took the principalship of the Troy Female Seminary, 
using the lecture-room of the Troy Lyceum of Natural History in the court- 
house for a recitation-room, and the apartments of two dwellings, near the 
court-house, for study and lodging-rooms for the boarding scholars. Mean- 
while the Troy Coffee House was stripped of its weather-boarding and the 
frame incased with brick ; the interior being reconstructed with rooms and 
halls according to the plans furnished by Mrs. Willard. 

On August 2d, the Common Council appointed David Buel, jr., Joseph Rus- 
sell, Nathan Warren, Richard P. Hart, Jeremiah Dauchy, James Mallory, 
William Bradley, and Amasa Paine, trustees of the institution. In the fall 
the seminary was completed and furnished, and occupied by the school. 

The members of the first faculty were, Mrs. Emma Willard, principal; Miss 
Elizabeth Sherrill, Angelica Gilbert, Mary Heywood, and Elizabeth P. Hunt- 
ington, instructors; Miss Sarah XV. Ingalls, Mary H. Field, Mary E. Akin, 
and Elizabeth Whiting, assistant teachers. The first catalogue contains the 
names of ninety pupils, twenty-nine of whom were daughters of residents of 
Troy ; the others were from different places in the states of New York, Con- 
necticut, Vermont, Massachusetts, Ohio, South Carolina, and Georgia. 

On October 1 3th, 1 825, the Common Council resolved to lease the property to 
Mrs. Willard for five years and six months, from November 1st, that year. At 
the expense of the city, the building, in 1826, was lengthened forty feet, and the 
rent increased to $700. The building used for musical instruction and launder- 
ing, now demolished, was erected in 1828, at an expense of $3,500. In March 
and May, 1831, several adjacent plots of ground were purchased, extending the 
property to Ferry Street and lot 1 15, and a part of lot 114 to the alley, on the 
west In 1833, the main building was extended to the alley, at an expense of 
$5,000, and the rent increased to $1,100. In 1837, the institution began re- 
ceiving money from the State Literature Fund, and that year acquired a plot 
of ground on Ferry Street. In 1838, Mrs. Emma Willard retired from the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 91 

principalship of the seminary, leaving it to the care of her son, John H. Wil- 
lard, and his wife, Sarah L. Willard, both of whom had been associated with her 
in the management of the school. In 1846, the trustees purchased a plot of 
ground, thirty by eighty feet, from the First Presbyterian Church, on the west 
side of the closed alley, running from Congress to Ferry Street, and erected an 
addition to the main building, fifty by fifty feet. 

Having held religious services in the court-house at different times in 1822, 
the founders of the First Restorationist Church of Troy, elected on July 2d, that 
year, Henry Koon, William McManus, Abraham L. Lansing, Joseph Weld, 
James Adams, Samuel Smith, and Stephen Wood, trustees. In the spring of 
1823, the congregation began the erection of a plain wooden church on the 
southeast corner of the alley on Ferry Street, between First and Second streets, 
on lots 1 10 and 1 1 1, purchased on November 21st, 1829. The corner-stone 
of the building was laid on Tuesday, July 29th, 1823. That month, the society 
changed its name to that of the First Universalist Church of Troy. The 
congregation sold its property on Ferry Street to the Second Particular Bap- 
tist Church on April 4th, 1834, and on April 29th, purchased the site of the 
present church on the west side of Fifth Street, between State Street and 
Broadway. The building erected there was dedicated, on September 11th, 
1835; the Rev. J. D. Williamson of Albany officiating. In 1875, tne church 
was rebuilt. 

The first burying-ground seen on the site of Troy by the early settlers was 
that of the Van der Heydens, — a small plat fenced with pales, at the east ends 
of lots 37 and 38, at the south-east corner of River and Congress streets. In 
excavating for the foundation of one of the buildings erected in later years on 
them, the remains of some bodies buried there were disinterred. 

After Jacob D. Van der Heyden removed to his mansion, at the head of Grand 
Division Street, he inclosed a small plat of ground on the eastern hill, a short 
distance north of the site of the Provincial Seminary, for a family graveyard. 
In it he and other members of his family were buried. In July, 1857, the re- 
mains in it were transferred to graves in Oakwood Cemetery. 

The burial-ground of the Schuyler family was not far north of the home- 
stead, south of the Poesten Kill, near the later intersection of First and Madi. 
son streets. The following inscriptions were copied from some of the head- 
stones marking the graves there, in 1848 : "Colonel Stephen J. Schuyler, died 
Dec. 14, 1820, aged 83 yrs." "Helen, wife of Col Stephen J. Schuyler, died 
May 22, 1 8 18, aged 72 yrs." " Barent Schuyler, born April 12, 1780; died 
Feb. ii, 1833, aged 52 yrs., 9 mos., 29 days." "Tobias R. Schuyler, died 
June 2, 1808, aged 38 yrs., 1 mo., 12 days." "Stephen V. R. Schuyler, born 
Oct. 3, 1786; died July 18, 1832, aged 45 yrs., 9 mos., 15 days." 



92 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

There was another small graveyard east of it, on the west side of the Green 
bush Road, near the later intersection of Fourth and Madison streets, where 
there was a number of the graves of the early inhabitants of Troy. 

The first public burial-ground in the village extended along the east side of 
Third Street, from State Street to the lot on which the First Baptist Church 
is built. The patroon, Jacob D. Van der Heyden, conveyed it to the trustees of 
the village on May ioth, 1796. Before the close of the century it contained 
the graves of many of the settlers. It is said that the last interment made in 
it was that of the body of Piatt Titus, who died on April 30th, 1833. At first a 
fence of rough boards inclosed it. In 1838, the pale fence was removed and 
a more ornamental picket-fence of iron substituted. When the ground was 
chosen, in 1875, for the site of the City Hall, there were one hundred and 
fifty-six graves still there ; many of the remains having been disinterred in 
previous years and buried in Mount Ida and Oakwood cemeteries. All the 
remains found in the plat now covered by the City Hall and the pavement 
were removed to Oakwood Cemetery at the expense of the city. Some of the 
graves between the building and the First Baptist Church were not opened. 
Those marked by tombstones were covered with them, and the inclosed space 
was then evenly sodded. 

Among the provisions of the village trustees for the interment of the dead 
was the purchase of a pall, a large black cloth, fringed with heavy cord and 
tasseled at the corners, used to cover the coffins carried on the village bier, a 
long, wooden, black-painted frame, with projecting arms and legs. A black 
hearse, drawn by a horse, was also provided by the trustees of the village. 

To provide other ground for the burial of the dead, a meeting of the free- 
holders and inhabitants was held on August 25th, 181 3, at Seymour's Inn. 
The trustees having been authorized to raise $1,250 to buy sufficient land for 
the purpose, Timothy Hutton, Hugh Peebles, and Esaias Warren were ap- 
pointed to select it. Stephen Van Rensselaer, having stipulated to give the 
village three and three-fourths acres of land, on the eastern declivity of Mount 
Ida, west of the Poesten Kill, should the trustees within two years use it for a 
burial-ground, the remains of George Young were interred there, and the 
trustees were given a deed, dated January 20th, 1815, of the property. On 
May 27th, George Tibbits, Gurdon Corning, Thomas Skelding, and Dr. John 
Loudon were appointed to report a plan designating the order in which 
graves in it should be dug and were instructed to have a part of the ground 
leveled. Besides the dilapidated row of vaults on the western side of this 
neglected burial-ground, the tombstones still standing at the head of some of 
the graves bear epitaphs to implore "The passing tribute of a sigh." Two 
small headstones preserve in rain-worn letters the following inscriptions : 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 93 

"In memory of Mr. George Young, who died November 6, 1814, Ai. 55 
years. Note. — The subject of the above inscription is the first person whose 
mortal remains have been deposited in this burying-ground." 

"William Fraser, born at Inverness, Scotland, March 25, 1753, died April 
25, 1826." 

The stone inscribed with the latter sentence is already "to dumb forgetful- 
ness a prey," and soon the memory of the man, who was the first to make a 
public prayer in the little village of Vanderheyden, and to perform with 
exemplar}- efficiency the duties of village grave-digger and bell-ringer, and 
sexton of the First Presbyterian Church, will be shrouded in the oblivion of 
the past. 

When the "burying-ground on the hill," became closely occupied with 
graves, the city, on January 1st, 1832, purchased twelve and three-tenths acres 
of land, to which was given the name of Mount Ida Cemetery, on the south 
side of the Poesten Kill, and east of the road to Albia. On February 5th, 
1835, the city sold one hundred and thirteen perches of it to the trustees of St. 
Peter's Roman Catholic Church, which is now known as the Old Catholic 
Burying-Ground. 

One of the most conspicuous monuments in Mount Ida Cemetery is the 
marble one marking the grave of Col. Albert Pawling, who died November 
10th, 1837, aged 87 years. 

Not far from it is a monument erected to the memory of a noted lawyer of 
Troy, whose intellectual gifts and personal eccentricities had great fame in 
the past. 

"John Bird, whose ashes are deposited under this marble, died on the 2d 
day of February, 1806, aged ^y." 

On another monument is inscribed : " Jacob I. Vanderheyden, died August 
23, 1801, aged 52 years." 

" Maria Van Schaick, wife of Jacob I. Vanderheyden, died April 6, 181 3, 
aged 57 years." 

In another part of the cemetery is the tomb of the first treasurer of the 
First Presbyterian Church and the author of a number of religious works. 
On the headstone marking it is inscribed : 

" Benjamin Gorton, died August 14, 1836, in the 79th year of his age. He 
engaged in the revolutionary struggle in 1776, and served during the war. 
He became a resident of Troy in 1791." 

The grist-mill built by Thomas L. Witbeck, in 1796, on the south side of 
the Wynants Kill, where now is the Bessemer Works of the Troy Steel and 
Iron Company, was furnished water to move its machinery through a flume 
from the dam at the fulling-mill, erected by David De Freest in 1789, on the 



94 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



north side of the creek, a short distance east of the intersection of Burden 
Avenue and Mill Street. In 1820, Philip Hart, jr., the owner of a part of the 
property, sold his interest to Daniel and Jacob D. Merritt, who, on October 
4th, 1823, by a conveyance from John De Freest, became the proprietors of 
the flouring-mills there. By a small inlet called the Benegat, and a lock, 
canal-boats and sloops had access from the river to the south sides of the 
mills. The last proprietors of the mills were Bills, Thayer, & Usher. The 
buildings were burned on the morning of June 20th, 1858. 

A number of citizens having petitioned the Legislature to pass an act to 
incorporate them and their associates under the name of The Troy Savings 
Bank for the purpose of receiving on deposit such sums of money as might 
be offered by tradesmen, mechanics, laborers, minors, servants, and others, 
and of investing the same in grovernment securities or in stock of the United 

States, or of the state of New 
York, or in such other manner as 
might thereafter be provided, for 
the use, interest, and advantage of 
the depositors and their legal rep- 
resentatives, an act was accord- 
ingly passed on April 23d, 1823, 
constituting John Gary, Derick 
Lane, Richard P. Hart, Gurdon 
Corning, John Thomas, John 
Paine, Nathan Warren, Lewis Ly- 
man, Piatt Titus, James Van 
Schoonhoven, Henry Mallory, 
Leland Howard, Joseph Russell, 
merritt flour-mills. Samuel Gale, Townsend McCoun, 

William Bradley, Alanson Douglas, William Smith, and David Buel, jr., the 
first managers of the institution. The managers were permitted to make an 
agreement with either of the banks of the city to receive deposits and transact 
the business of the institution on such terms and conditions as in the opinion 
of the managers might best promote the object of the institution. The trus- 
tees were empowered to regulate the rate of interest allowed depositors who 
were to receive a ratable proportion of all the profits of the bank after deduct- 
ing therefrom all the necessary expenses incurred. The affairs of the bank 
were placed under the control of a board of managers composed of a president, 
two vice presidents, and twelve trustees ; the mayor and recorder of the city 
being ex-officio members of the board. 

At a meeting of the managers at Piatt Titus' Inn, on the evening of August 




TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 95 

15th, Townsend McCoun was elected president of the bank; Richard P. 
Hart, first vice-president ; and Lewis Lyman, second vice-president. 

On Friday evening, August 15th, the by-laws were adopted, which provided 
that the bank should be opened every Saturday evening, from six to eight 
o'clock ; that deposits of one dollar and more should be received ; that live 
dollars should be the lowest sum on which interest should be allowed; and 
that no fractional part of a dollar should be taken as a deposit. 

On Saturday evening, August 30th, the first deposits were received at the 
Farmers' Bank, on the north-east corner of First and State streets. The first 
depositor, Martha Jefferson, a colored woman, placed $20 in the bank. The 
deposits made that evening amounted to $359. 

The Troy Savings Bank removed in 1824 to the Bank of Troy, on the 
north-west corner of First and State streets. On October 6th, 1829, the bank 
was removed to the office of Jacob L. Lane, at No. 9 First Street. In 1832, 
the office of the treasurer, Jacob L. Lane, was at No. 53 First Street. In 1836, 
he removed his office to No. 8 First Street. In 1845, the bank erected the 
Athenaeum Building, now the property of the Troy Young Men's Association, 
on the east side of First Street, between River and State streets. On its com- 
pletion in 1846, the Savings Bank was removed to the banking-room of the 
Commercial Bank, which occupied the front room on the first floor of the 
Athenseum Building, on the north side of the hall. In July, 1850, the Troy 
Savings Bank occupied the front room on the south side of the hall where it 
remained until its removal on March 25th, 1875, to the new and attractive 
granite building, on the north-east corner of Second and State streets. 

In the fall of 18 15, at a public meeting held in New York City, a commit- 
tee was appointed to prepare a memorial to obtain the passage of an act by 
the Legislature for the construction of two canals from the Hudson River to 
the lakes, Erie and Champlain. 

A public meeting was held in the court-house, on February 24th, 18 16, at 
which the proposed undertakings were ardently favored by the citizens of 
Troy. The Hon. George Tibbits, a member of the State Senate from 1815 
to 1 8 18, strongly advocated these public improvements, and originated the 
financial measures by which the state was enabled to accomplish the construc- 
tion of the two great water-ways of transportation. 

The opening of the Erie Canal, on October 8th, 1823, was celebrated by 
the people in a noteworthy manner, as is related by the Troy Sentinel: 
" When the procession of boats from the junction of the western and northern 
canals, [at Cohoes] had passed on to Albany, according to the order of ar- 
rangements formerly made, the 'Trojan Trader,' a western freight boat, came 
down to the bridge near the Gibbonsville (West Troy) basin, opposite this 



96 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

city, and took on board the first load of merchandise sent from the Hudson 
west on the Eric Canal. * * Several of our citizens lent their assistance 

to load the boat, and at two o'clock, the ' Trader ' having on board upwards 
of twenty-five tons of merchandise, with her flag flying, and amid the cheers 
of assembled Trojans, started for the West. The ' Trojan Trader ' is com- 
manded by Captain Brace, she is bound for Rochester, and on her flag are 
painted the following words : ' From Troy ; the first western boat loaded at 
Hudson's river.' ' 

This surprising undertaking of the people of Troy in dispatching the first 
boat westward in the Erie Canal was sharply criticised by the Lansingburgh 
and Albany newspapers. The editor of the National Democrat was more lib- 
eral in his opinion : " The enterprise of the Trojans is worthy of all imitation. 
We believe that without exception they are the most enterprising people in 
the United States. There is among them a noble spirit of rivalship, untinct- 
ured by jealousy of each other. No man appears to envy, but every man to 
emulate the genius, talent, and industry of his neighbor. They are deter- 
mined, if they do fall in the scales of commercial, manufacturing, and mechan- 
ical competition, that they will fall honorably in a firm and persevering 
struggle for pre-eminence. May they never fall, but may they continue to 
rise ; and may all their sister cities pursue the same generous career, and rise 
by the same honorable and noble spirit of ambition." 

The charming and widely-known Christmas legend, " A Visit from Saint 
Nicholas," written by Clement Clarke Moore, LL. D., professor of Oriental 
and Greek literature in the General Theological Seminary of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, in New York City, was first published and illustrated in 
Troy. In 1823, Harriet, the eldest daughter of the Rev. David Butler, rector 
of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, while visiting the family of Professor Moore, 
heard the erudite linguist read to his children the metrical composition which 
he had written for their entertainment. Delighted with its agreeable rhythm 
and happy conceits, she requested the privilege of making a transcript of it. 
On her return to Troy, she sent it to the editor of the Troy Sentinel, who pub- 
lished the delightful contribution in the issue of that newspaper on December 
23d, 1823. In an introductory paragraph he thanked the unknown sender 
and complimented the unknown author of the unique verses. The publica- 
tion of it, anonymous as it was, caused Professor Moore some regrets regard- 
ing it. For a number of years thereafter, although the field of its popularity 
was annually widening by the publication of it at Christmas-tide by the news- 
papers throughout the country, the name of the author was known only to a 
few persons intimate with the members of the Moore family. Five years 
after the first publication of the legend in the Troy Sentinel, the name of the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 9/ 

author was disclosed to the editor of that journal. With considerable delicacy 
of -manner, he disguisedly confessed his knowledge of it on January 20th, 
1829, by saying : 

"A few days since the editors of the New York Courier, at the request of 
a lady, inserted some lines descriptive of one of the Christmas visits of that 
good old Dutch saint, St. Nicholas, and at the same time applied to our 
Albany neighbors for information as to the author. That information, we ap- 
prehend, the Albany editors cannot give. The lines were first published in 
this paper. They came to us from a manuscript in possession of a lady in 
this city. We have been given to understand that the author of them belongs 
by birth and residence to the city of New York, and that he is a gentleman 
of more merit as a scholar and a writer than many of more noisy pretensions. 
We republish the lines in a preceding column just as they originally appeared, 
because we still think of them as at first, and for the satisfaction of our 
brethren of the Courier, one of whom, at least, is an Arcadian." 

The additional fame of first illustrating the attractive story is also claimed 
by Troy. Myron King, now deceased, made, about the year 1830, the wood- 
cut which embellished the popular poetical composition, which was printed at 
the Troy Sentinel office for a number of successive years, and sold by the 
newsboys of the city at the approach of Christmas. Since that time, although 
far better illustrated by more accomplished engravers, the quaint legend has 
never lost its endearing associations with the advent of Christmas and the 
happy recollections of the childhood of millions of men and women. 



,:rr.. ] \:\: f .: : . 



- - Jf-X * K , 







Wfe " : ^WW: 



We know not to whom we arc indebted foi the follow tug description of that unwearied patron of children — tl] >' ' 
delightful personage of parental kindness — Sam a Claits, liis costume and hi* equipage, as lie goes about visiting, tl 
of this happy land, I mien witK Cliristran^ bounties; but from whomsoever it may have come; we >;" ■• thanl i foi >i - -I'd. i, \s 
t<> our apprehension) a spirit of cordial goodness in it, i playfulness of fancy, and e benevolent olaci ity to enter into the feel 

mote the simple plco&un » of children, which are altogether charmiug. We hope out Ujltlc^jiairoru*, both lads and l&ssca*. 
will aec* pt it as a proof of our unfeigned good-will towards them — as a token of our warmest wish iim (hey ukly have main a 
P3 ;\ Christmas; the thej may long retain their l..aut iini relics far tl...-.- nnbonght homebred jo»s, uli/rii deriio tin i 
from fill d piety md traternnl love t and which ihey may be assured ore the lea*l alloyed that tuou con fDtnu.li iI MI n ^ruf t|, B( 

liej may never pari with that simplicity of character, which is their own fairest omtakent, •**! fer the suite of which thei 
been pronounced; by Authority which none can gain-say, the types of such as shall inherit the kingdom "i" heaven. — TVoy ' 

a* coi at or a visit nton st. Nicholas, or santa cxacs. 



Twas the night belbie Christmas, when all thro' the house 
Nut :i creature was stirring, not even a MOu> , 
The stockings were bung by the chimney with can , 
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there , 
The children were nestled all snug in tlieii beds, 
While visions of Bu^f-plurrui dum i d ttl Htm DWd? , 
And Mamma in her 'kenhief,.,ind I in mj dp, 
Hud just settled <iur bruins foi a long winl< r*s nap ; 
When out on the bun there arose such a rlntter, 
1 *pra«™ from the bed to see what was the matter 
Away to the window I Qcw like u II i h, 
Tore open the shutters and threw up the sa ' , 
The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow, 
Gn\ L - the lustre of mid-day to objects below, 
When, what to my wondering eyes should appear, 
But a miniature sleigh, aud eight tin) rein-deer, 
Willi .i little old driv< i\ ■■> lively and (piick, 
I knew in a moment it must be Sr. Nick. 
More mpid than eagles hi- coursers they come, 
And he whistled, aud shouted, and culled them by name; 
■■ now, Duther! now, Dancer! now, Prancer ! now, Vixen ' 
On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dander and Blixein ' 
To the top of the poruh ! to the lop of the wall '. 
Now dash away ! do&h away ! dash uuay, all I" 
\s dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly, 
When they meet with an obstacle, mouut to the sky , 
So Up to the house-top the COUTH rs liny flew, 
With the Sleigh full of Toys — and St. Nicholas too. 



Aud then, in a twinkling, I heard on th 

The prancing and pawing of each little hoof — 

As 1 drew in my he.nl, and was turning around, 

Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound. 

Me was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot, 

And Ms rtothes ttctt *ll tarnished with nshes and soot ; 

A bundle ofXoys Was Hang on ' 

And he kwk'd like a pedlar jusl opening hi! p cV ; 

His eyes — how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry! 

His checks Men- like roses, hK Ti"- ■ like a cherry! 

HiB droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow, 

And the beard of his chin was .is white as the snow; 

The slump of a. pipe he held jost in bis tcetli, 

\i.i tl»-- smoki ir encircled his head like a wreath: 

H< had a broad face and a little round belly, 

That shook when be laughed, liko a bowlful! of jelly. 

H'' was ehunliy and plump, a ngttt iwlly vild rlf, 

And I laughed when I- saw him, in spite of nivv'i' 

A w*iuk of his eye and a twist of his head, 

Soon gave me to know 1 had nothing to dread , 

He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work, 

And til I'd idl the stockings; (hen turned with s jerk, 

Aud laying bis finger aside of his nose, 

Ami giving a nod, up the chimney be row; 

He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave n whistle, 

And away they all flew like the dow n of a thistle . 

Hut I heard him exclaim* ere he drove oul "i sight, 

'■ floppy i'M»tmfvt to aU, « l 









■ <■■ *■* - ■ - * ■ ■ • — ■ 



■- — .,-■ ?.<:.r ■-'■■- 



■- ' v^w*'- 



• CHAPTER VII. 

TRADE AND COMMERCE. 
1824-1825. 

THE enterprise of the people of Troy was never spasmodic or unim- 
portant. The fame of their activity was a sequence of observation ; 
the success of their undertakings, a result of energy and economy. 
In the Gazetteer of the State of New York of 1824, the growth of the city 
and the business interests of the inhabitants are described with considerable 
painstaking : 

" The tides in the Hudson carry a gentle swell to the city of Troy, where 
that river is about nine hundred feet wide, between low-water marks. * * * 
There are some very rich alluvial flats along the Hudson, below the city, on 
which is Schuyler's farm, one of the best in this county. Mount Ida, the 
river-hill in the rear, rises to a most commanding elevation, crowned by the 
mansion of Deacon [Philip] Heartt, from which there is a very extensive view 
of the Hudson, and adjacent country. Mount Olympus, on the north border 
of the town, is a bare mass of argillite, a lonely hill of about 200 feet in height, 
crowned by a sort of summer-house. It is a conical, detached rock, its apex 
a sharp peak, standing on the alluvial plain, between the Hudson and the 
river-hill, and was once an island in that river, when its mass of waters laved 
the bases of its parallel ranges of river-hills, on the east and west sides. 
When this was, or why this volume of waters is now so diminished, is not my 
present purpose to inquire, but of the fact there are indubitable evidences, 
among which may be noticed a ridge of rock in its wake, patch-covered with 
strata of very old alluvion. From the summer-house on its summit, before 
noticed, there is a handsome view of the dam and sloop-lock near by, and a 
pretty extensive range of prospect, embracing Troy, Albany, Gibbonsville, 
[now West Troy,] and the United States Arsenal, Lansingburgh, Waterford, 
almost the Cahoos Falls, and the distant ranges of the Helderberg, and the 
Kayaderosseras of Saratoga County. 

" The city of Troy is situated on the east bank of the Hudson, * * * 
six miles above Albany, rather above, than at the head of the tides, though 
once in a while the tidal current has reversed that of the river. [The mean 



IOO TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

rise and fall of tide at Troy is 1.92 feet. The mean low-water level at Troy 
is 4.16 feet above that at Governor's Island, in the Bay of New York.] * * * 

" The river here makes a considerable curve, along which winds River 
Street, the mart of business ; and all the rest of the town is regularly laid out 
in streets and squares, crossing each other at nearly right angles. This form 
is purely accidental, but it has many advantages 'to recommend it. All the 
other streets, one only excepted, terminate in this, or cross it, so that from 
this, each may be seen to great advantage. There is an open square near 
the court-house, [Seminary Park] and an open space on River Street [Wash- 
ington Square], both of which may in time be made very ornamental to the 
city. The streets are sixty feet in width, and pavements are coming into use, 
though yet but partially seen on the sidewalks or streets, and street lamps are 
as yet not in use. 

" Since the great fire of June 20th, 1820, by which property was destroyed to 
the amount of $370,000, great improvements have been made, and are now 
making, in the plan and construction of buildings, the aggregate value of which 
is now very considerably greater than before that dreadful calamity, and the 
new erections are larger, more elegant, and formed of better materials. The 
new buildings, excepting three only, are of brick, and it is said that all these 
do not exceed in value the amount of profits made since the fire. It is worthy 
of remark that the Rensselaer and Saratoga Insurance Company [incorporated 
in April, 1814], lost by that fire, on insured property, $110,000, all of which 
was paid to the sufferers within sixty days, facts that pretty clearly indicate 
the financial and pecuniary ability of the place. There are probably more 
buildings now going up than at any former period, and great efforts are mak- 
ing as well by the city as by many individuals in a variety of necessary and 
useful improvements. At no former period have these improvements been so 
conspicuous as in the year 1823. 

" The number of houses and stores on the town plot, counted by me for this 
work, is 99 1, among which are many very extensive brick edifices, and some 
private mansions. The public buildings embrace a court-house, jail, fire-proof 
clerk's office, six houses for worship, two banks, a Lancaster school-house, a 
female seminary, market-house, fire-engine-houses, etc., and in the Baptist 
Church there has just been put up a town clock. The meeting-houses belong 
to Presbyterians, Methodists, Friends or Quakers, Episcopalians, Baptists, 
and one now building, to Universalists. 

" Mrs. Willard's school, the Female Seminary, has a high and well-merited 
celebrity, and has about 1 70 pupils. The Lancaster School, an establishment 
greatly undervalued, has accommodations for 360 pupils, and averages about 
200. There are many private boarding and day schools, some of which are 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



IOI 




friends' meeting-house, 1845. 



very respectable. Troy wants an academy for males, and an extension of pat- 
ronage to the Lancaster School so as to make the latter the primary school 
of the city, abolishing an host of inferior competitors for patronage. 

"Troy has a Lyceum of 
Natural History, which is 
doing a good deal toward 
begetting a taste for the 
physical sciences, (hitherto 
strangely neglected in our 
literature,) and in diffusing 
the knowledge embraced in 
them, of the first importance 
to the arts, and the business 
of life. Professor Eaton, 
one of the most useful men 
of the day, a learned and 
zealous cultivator of the 
natural sciences, enriches 
this young institution by his labors. Its cabinet comprises near 2,000 speci- 
mens of minerals duly arranged in cases. 

" Troy has one semi-weekly and two weekly gazettes, [Northern Budget, 
Farmers Register, and Troy Sentinel,^ four printing offices and five book-stores. 
Its trade is very great, compared with its population, and employs near sixty 
sloops, owned here, besides giving business to vessels from other places. More 
wheat has annually been shipped from this city for some years than from 
Albany. What effect the canals [the Champlain and the Erie,] will produce 
remains to be seen. A side-cut from the Erie Canal comes into the Hudson 
in Watervliet, opposite this city, and the dam and sloop-lock, connected 
with the Champlain Canal, are in the upper part of this town, at the Old Bank 
Place, [the Farmers' Bank] below which there may by and by be erected a 
long line of hydraulic works. This dam is about 1,100 feet long, 9 in height, 
and has a lock, amply large enough for the sloops employed here and at Lan- 
singburgh and Waterford, in the river trade; 30 feet wide, 114 feet long 
inside, 25 in height, 9 feet lift, whole cost, dam and lock, $92,270. The dam 
is calculated to give 8 or 9 feet water to the Waterford dock. Should this 
dam answer public expectation, others will probably be erected below it, or 
perhaps one only, below Albany. This dam will help late and early ferrying at 
Troy, in fall and spring, will make more fog, and possibly some fever and ague. 

" There are two ferries at Troy, employing Langdon's improved team-boats, 
which ought to be more extensively known. The construction is simple and 



102 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



ingenious, and the inventor and his sons have a manufactory in this city for 
making these and other machinery. * * * 

" Among the public accommodations of this city may be noticed its very 
excellent inns and hotels, and four lines of daily stages, to and from Albany, 
each making two trips a day. There is a small city library, and the principal 
hotels have their reading and news-rooms. The post-office is in River Street, 
a bad situation, and too low down for public convenience. * * * 

"As a manufacturing town, 
Troy has very commanding 
advantages compared with 
most others enjoying the 
like commercial facilities. 
The Poesten Kill and Wy- 
nants Kill, noticed above, 
are tolerable-sized mill- 
streams, on each of which 
there are near 200 feet fall. 
Mount Ida Falls.on the Poes- 
ten Kill, near Mount Ida, 
merit notice among the nat- 
ural scenery of this cast in 
our country, and the atten- 
tion of tourists. There are 
mills just below these, and a succession of sites, some of which are improved, 
and some not, till we reach the river flats, a remark that may be applied to 
the other stream, and save repetition. There are two small streams in the 
upper part of this town, on each of which are some hydraulic works. 

" Among the manufacturing establishments of this town, the Troy Iron and 
Nail Factory claims distinguished notice. It stands on the Wynants Kill, 
in the sixth ward, two and a half miles south of the city, and is owned by an 
incorporated company, principally in Albany. These works embrace a rolling 
and slitting-mill, a very extensive nail factory, sundry shops for other mechani- 
cal business, and about fifty houses, making a busy, sequestered, manufactur- 
ing village. * * * The late Col. Adams [who died on March 9th, 1823,] 
fell a victim to his unwearied efforts and the unceasing activity of a mind of 
no ordinary power in mechanics, constantly on the stretch of exertion in bring- 
ing this establishment into system and the very admirable order in which he 
left it. * * * 

" There is another nail factory, and rolling and slitting works a little below 
this, on a smaller but very respectable scale, said to work eleven cutting and 




MOUNT IDA FALLS, I Si 7. 
(From an engraving made in Paris.) 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 1 03 

heading machines. These two establishments will soon use 1,300 tons of iron 
a year; and when the thirty-five machines are in full activity, they will make 
per day from the bar iron about 35,000 pounds of nails. The cutting and 
heading is performed by the machine at one operation by an ingenuity of con- 
struction that is truly admirable. * * * 

" The Albia Cotton Factory is on this stream, * * * two and a half 
miles from the city, in the fifth ward, and one mile below the Wynantskill 
Church, an extensive and growing establishment, having 1,700 spindles, and 
thirty water-power looms in operation, with a bleach. Here is a scattered vil- 
lage of some forty houses and about three hundred inhabitants. Just below 
Albia village there is another bleaching establishment, where cloths are 
bleached, dressed, calendered, and neatly done up for six cents a pound, one 
to two cents a yard, on common cotton goods. The bleaching is performed 
chemically, embracing the latest discoveries in chemical science. There is a 
paper-mill on this stream, * * * and * * * a gun factory. * * * 

" On the Poesten Kill from the upland plain to the foot of the river-hill, 
there is a constant succession of falls and mill-seats, in part occupied by very 
valuable mills and yet partly clad in all the dreary savageness of nature. 
Both these streams descend from the upland plain to the alluvial border of 
the river through deep and dismal ravines of their own deep-cutting as they 
say on the canal, crooked enough, even for romance, — in all respects beauti- 
fully ugly, contorted, and deformed. * * * 

"Among the manufacturing establishments of this city may be noticed two 
or three of stoneware, one of which, owned by Seymour & Co., has connected 
with it the making of black tea-pots, and makes annually wares to the amount 
of seven to nine thousand dollars. There are several extensive grain, or mer- 
chant mills, twenty-three run of stones, which ground 255,000 bushels of wheat 
in 1823, and are capable of grinding at least a half million bushels per annum. 
About 5,000 tons of gypsum or plaster are annually ground in this town, and 
from three to four thousand sold in the stone. 

"The tanning and currying of leather is so extensively carried on here that 
one of the establishments sells annually about $100,000 worth of leather, prob- 
ably half the amount of sales in that line in the city. To persons engaged 
in this line of business, it may be interesting to know that the tannery of 
Joseph Gary of this city is one of the most extensive, and perhaps one of the 
best arranged establishments of the kind in this state. * * * 

" There are two buhr millstone manufactories, two or three for soap and 
candles, and one cooperage, so extensive as to make 40,000 casks a year, be- 
sides many smaller ones. There are two furnaces, one of which, owned by 
Starbuck & Gurley, is very extensively engaged in the patent plough business, 



104 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

connected with which is Langdon's machine shop, before noticed, useful and 
productive establishments. Among other manufacturing establishments we 
must not omit Jones's of looking-glasses, nor the two stoneware potteries, one 
for earthen ware and black tea-pots, two breweries, a distillery, a rope-walk, and 
a manufactory for whips. There are besides all the usual variety of mechani- 
cal shops and trades ; and indeed Troy is becoming no less a manufacturing 
than a commercial city. * * * 

"The House of Industry, designed for the county, supported by the most 
of its towns, is in the south end of Troy, two miles below the city, and consists 
of a farm, etc., on the Rumford plan for employing the poor and preventing 
pauperism." 

Stephen Hasham, a manufacturer of clocks in Charlestown, New Hamp- 
shire, having learned that a town clock was needed in Troy, brought one to 
the city on November ist, 1823, and advertised it in the Troy Sentinel: 

" The citizens of Troy are informed that there arrived in this city this day a 
town clock, with three sets of gilt hands for three dials of six feet diameter; 
and if set up in this city may be seen from more than one thousand doors and 
windows, and will strike a handsome blow, keep perfect time — making at 
once a complete standard for all clocks and watches, and at the same time 
making a greater ornament for a church and city than can possibly be made 
with the same money any other way. The subscriber is determined that the 
clock shall give complete satisfaction, or no pay expected, and may be found 
at Mr. Lasell's Inn for three or four days." 

Subsequently the clock was placed in the tower of the First Particular Bap- 
tist meeting-house on Third Street. On November 4th, 1824, the Common 
Council appointed a committee to determine whether the city should purchase 
the clock. A favorable report having been made, the chamberlain was directed 
to pay $250 to Abraham Fellows for it, provided the trustees of the Baptist 
Church agreed to let it remain where it had been placed and to wind it free of 
expense to the city. The clock cost $550. It is now in the tower of the 
present church, and needs repairing and new hands to make it again available 
as a time-keeper. 

One of the memorable events in the history of the city was the reception 
given the Marquis de La Fayette on Saturday, September 18th, 1824. The 
committee of arrangements, Colonel Albert Pawling, Colonel Derick Lane, 
Ephraim Morgan, Benjamin Smith, Stephen Warren, Gurdon Corning, James 
Mallory, George Tibbits, John D. Dickinson, Joseph Russell, and John P. 
Cushman, made his visit as pleasurable to him as it was gratifying to the citi- 
zens. Having arrived on the packet boat Schenectady, at the side-cut of the 
Erie Canal, at Gibbonsville, now West Troy, attended by the Albany commit- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 1 05 

tee and the military escort from the capital, La Fayette was met by a deputa- 
tion of the Troy committee, who, with the honored visitor and those on board 
the Schenectady, descended in it through the lock into the river where eio-ht 
boats were waiting to tow the packet to the foot of Ferry Street. 

" This part of the spectacle," the Troy Sentinel remarks, "was strikingly 
beautiful. The boats were each fitted with a mast on which was hoisted the 
national Mag ; each was furnished with four strong oarsmen, and in the stern of 
each, to guide the movement, sat the master of the sloop to which the boat 
belonged. The boats, being arranged in line and connected by hawsers, took 
the Schenectady in tow, and pulling out into the river far enough to clear the 
point of the shoal that stretches along the south side of the channel leading 
from the lock, they turned with a graceful sweep down the river, and gave to 
view the beautiful line in its whole length. Upon arriving opposite to the 
upper ferry, [at Ferry Street,] they again turned, and stood right across to the 
city. A fine band of music from Albany was stationed on the Schenectady, 
and the oars were pulled to martial and patriotic airs. * * * 

" After the General, with his retinue had passed the United States Arsenal, 
on his way to the side-cut, five beautiful uniform companies from Albany, 
which had escorted him from that city, crossing at the ferry, united with the 
military of Troy, and the whole were paraded in Ferry Street, to wait his 
landing." 

When he landed he was received by the Committee of Arrangements, which 
through the Hon. George Tibbits, welcomed him to the city. La Fayette 
gracefully accepted the courtesies tendered him, and, adverting to the changes 
of the forty years of his absence from America, said they were " astonishingly 
great, and in no place greater than at Troy, where, when he last saw it, there 
was only one small house, and where he now saw a beautiful city, a numerous 
and flourishing population." 

The procession moved through the different streets in the following order : 
the marshal and his aides; the military companies forming the escort; citizens 
four abreast ; uniformed military officers four abreast ; masonic delegations, 
clergymen, members of the committee of arrangements, the barouche drawn 
by a span of bay horses, in which La Fayette and Colonel Derick Lane were 
seated, the carriages containing La Fayette's suite, and a line of other car- 
riages. The route was along Ferry Street to First, thence to Congress, to 
Second, to Albany, to Third, to River, thence to the Troy House, kept by 
Piatt Titus. 

In the absence of the mayor, Thomas Clowes, holding the office of recorder, 
formally welcomed the Marquis, in the name of the corporation, in the parlor 
of the Troy House. The balcony of the hotel was tastefully decorated with 
'4 



106 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

evergreens and flags. On an arch above it was inscribed, " Welcome La Fay- 
ette, the friend of Washington, the friend of America, the friend of Liberty." 
Above the crown of the arch, a live eagle was perched. 

Having visited the Masonic chamber, known as St. John's Hall, on the 
upper floor of the hotel, where he was welcomed by the Hon. David Buel, jr., 
La Fayette descended to the dining-room to partake of a collation. 

The Marquis then went with Colonel Lane in the barouche, attended by 
his son, George Washington La Fayette, his secretary, M. Vasseur, his chiv- 
alrous friend, Colonel Ha^er, and members of the committee of arrangements 
to the Female Seminary. At the entrance of an arbor covered with evergreens 
and flowers, extending from Congress Street to the side door-way of the build- 
ing, he was welcomed by Mrs. Albert Pawling of the committee of nine ladies 
appointed to meet him there and to introduce him to Mrs. Emma Willard 
and her corps of teachers. Passing under the decorated arch, displaying the 
motto, "America commands her daughters to welcome her deliverer, La 
Fayette," and through the arbor, the Marquis reached the steps on which 
Mrs. Emma Willard was standing to receive him. Above the doorway which 
he approached was an arch of evergreens and flowers, and the motto, " We 
owe our schools to Freedom ; Freedom to La Fayette." Having been intro- 
duced to Mrs. Emma Willard, the Marquis listened to a song of welcome, 
composed by her and sung by the pupils of the school. Having been presented 
with a printed copy of the song, and a copy of Mrs. Willard's " Plan of Female 
Education," La Fayette returned through the arbor to the barouche waiting 
him on Congress Street. 

"On his way to the ferry," the Troy Sentinel further remarks, ''the citi- 
zens in their anxiety to speak to him and to hear him speak, as well as to see 
him, thronged around and hung upon his carriage in such clusters that it was 
difficult to pass along, and, indeed, the press and his own goodness of dispo- 
sition, often stopped him to shake hands with the eager population. * * * 
When he embarked on board the ferry-boat to re-cross the river, his departure 
was cheered by the presence and the shout of the whole multitude, and by the 
presence of a long array of our fair country-women, waving their hands and 
handkerchiefs." 

The Rensselaer School, now named the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 
was founded November 5th, 1824, by Stephen Van Rensselaer, the last but 
one of the patroons of Rensselaerswyck. He then fitted at his own expense 
the Farmers' Bank Building, on the north-west corner of River and Middle- 
burgh streets, for the use of the school, and provided the different recitation- 
rooms with suitable furniture and necessary apparatus. He appointed eight 
persons trustees of the institution : the Rev. Samuel Blatchford, pastor of the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 107 

First Presbyterian Church of Lansingburgh, Elias Parmelee of Lansingburgh, 
John Cramer, and Guert Van Schoonhoven of Waterford, Simeon De Witt, 
and T. Romeyn Beck of Albany, and John D. Dickinson and Jedediah Tracy 
of Troy. He also appointed the Rev. Samuel Blatchford president of the in- 
stitution, Amos Eaton of Troy, senior professor, and Lewis C. Beck of Albany, 
junior professor. 

At the first meeting of the trustees, on December 29th, the name, " Renssel- 
aer School," was given the institution. The opening of the school on Monday, 
January 3d, 1825, was thus announced : 

"The Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer having established a school, near the 
northern limits of Troy, for teaching the physical sciences with their applica- 
tion to the arts of life ; having appointed Professors A. Eaton and L. C. Beck 
to give courses of instruction particularly calculated to prepare operative 
chemists and practical naturalists, properly qualified to act as teachers in vil- 
lages and school districts; having appointed an agent and furnished him with 
funds for procuring apparatus and fitting up a laboratory, library-room, etcetera ; 
and the agent having given notice to the president of the institution that the 
requisite collections and preparations are completed, it seems proper to give 
public notice of these circumstances. Accordingly the public is respectfully 
notified that every thing is in readiness at the Rensselaer School for giving 
instructions in Chemistry, Experimental Philosophy, and Natural History, 
with their application to agriculture, domestic economy, and the arts ; and 
also for teaching Land Surveying. * * * 

" An evening course of lectures by the Senior Professor, on Chemistry and 
Experimental Philosophy, will commence on the third Wednesday in January, 
and continue, three lectures in a week, for ten weeks. 

" During the day no lectures will be given by the professors, but, under 
their superintendence, the students, divided into sections, will perform all the 
experiments and give the explanations, the students thus acting as lecturers 
and the professors as auditors. * * * 

"The fees for the day course of instruction will be $25 a term; for the 
evening course $5 ; but the regularly matriculated students of the institution 
can attend the evening course without any additional expense. * * * 

" Students who wish for extra accommodations will pay from $1.75 to $2 a 
week for board and lodging. But any number of students can have good, 
plain board and lodging near the' school for $1.50 a week." 

Among the early rules of the institution, the following one is noteworthy : 

" When the weather is fair, and the state of the roads will permit, it will be 
the duty of every student to attend divine service at some of the societies in 
Troy or Lansingburgh. The distance to either of the six places of public 



Io8 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

worship in Troy is about one mile and a quarter, and those at Lansingburgh, 
about one mile and three quarters. When the weather is too unfavorable for 
attendance at church, sermons or religious lectures will be read in the lecture- 
room at the school, forenoon and afternoon, a professor being present, by the 
students in turn, and such other religious exercises will be attended to as may 
be ordered from time to time by the President." 

The school was incorporated, on March 21st, 1826. Twelve members of 
the first class were graduated in 1826. By an act of Legislature, passed 
April 26th, 1832, the name of the school was changed to that of the Renssel- 
aer Institute. 

The remoteness of the institute from the central part of the city, led to the 
removal of the school in April, 1834, to the Van der Heyden Mansion, on the 
south-west corner of Eighth and Grand Division streets. In the spring of 
1 84 1, the Farmers' Bank Building was again occupied by the school. In 
1843, the Infant School lot and the buildings on it, appraised at $6,500, were 
offered by the city to the trustees as a gift should William P. Van Rensselaer 
give the institution a sum of money equal to the value of the property. The 
last patroon of Rensselaerswyck having complied with the terms, the Infant 
School Building, on the north-east corner of State and Sixth streets, was occu- 
pied by the institution from 1844 until it was burned in the fire of May 10th, 
1862. On April 8th, 1861, an act was passed by the Legislature changing the 
name of the Rensselaer Institute and incorporating the Rensselaer Polytech- 
nic Institute. 

The exclusive privilege given the North River Steamboat Company by the 
state of New York, in 1820, to navigate the Hudson with vessels propelled 
by steam, was declared illegal by Chief Justice Marshall, on March 2d, 1824. 
The Troy Sentinel, commenting on the advantages which Troy would realize 
by the organization of other steamboat companies, remarked ten days there- 
after : "There will, doubtless, soon be a line of steamboats to carry passen- 
gers running from Troy to New York. When this line shall be in operation 
Troy will be a better center of travel and business than any place on the 
river. The road from Troy to Schenectady is shorter and better than that to 
Albany ; the road from Troy to Lebanon Springs by the Sandlake Turnpike 
is shorter, smoother, and more level than the turnpike from Albany. Troy is 
nearer to the great, fashionable watering places, Ballston and Saratoga, than 
Albany ; in short such is the situation of this city, in reference not only to the 
canals and river, but the roads east, west, north, and south, that unless our 
citizens have lost their forecast and enterprise, it will be speedily manifest how 
extensive every event, connected in any way with the course of business and 
trade, has conspired to promote the prosperity of this fortunate city." 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 1 09 

Little time was lost in organizing a company to navigate the river with a 
line of steamboats between Troy and New York. Early in the spring the 
capitalists of the city subscribed to the stock of " The Troy Steamboat Com- 
pany," which contemplated obtaining the passage of an act by the Legislature 
to make it a corporate body. A contract was made for the construction of a 
large steamboat suited to the needs of the company. On June 22d, the com- 
mittee appointed to provide fuel for the boat inserted an advertisement in the 
Troy Sentinel soliciting proposals " for the delivering of from 300 to 500 cords 
of first quality yellow pine wood for the use of the Troy Steamboat Com- 
pany." On Saturday, August 21st, the company's steamboat, named the Chief 
Justice Marshall, was launched at New York. On November 1 6th, John D. 
Dickinson, George Vail, Nathan Warren, Alsop Weed, Samuel Gale, Nathan 
Dauchy, Philip Hart, jr., Gurdon Grant, George Tibbits, John Paine, Townsend 
McCoun, James Van Brackle, and Richard P. Hart advertised that an applica- 
tion would be made to the Legislature for an act incorporating them and their 
associates " into a company to be called ' The Troy Steamboat Company,' 
with a capital of $200,000." The act was passed on March 31st, 1825. 

The Chief Justice Marshall, commanded by Captain R. W. Sherman, made" 
her first passage to Troy, on Saturday, March 1 2th. The following advertise- 
ment in the Troy Sentinel of May 25th, affords considerable information re- 
specting the trips of the boat between Troy and New York, in connection 
with the two steamboats plying from Albany : " Troy, Albany, and New York 
Line of Steamboats. The Chief Justice Marshall, Captain R. W. Sherman, 
will leave Troy at half-past 2 o'clock, and Albany at 4 o'clock, v. u., on Mon- 
days, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and New York at half-past 4 p. m., on Tues- 
days, Thursdays, and Saturdays, calling at the intermediate places on the 
river. All the berths on one side of the boat will be reserved for persons 
taking passage at Albany. The boat is new, with a copper boiler, and such 
accommodations as the proprietors presume will be satisfactory to the public. 

" N. B. — The steamboat Constitution is nearly completed and will be ready 
to take her place in the line early in April ; and the steamboat Constellation 
of Albany, the latter part of May." 

Early in the summer of 1825, the Troy Steamboat Company purchased the 
New London, a smaller boat than the Chief Justice Marshall. She had a 
foremast, and had been plying during the spring between New York and New 
London. Commanded by Captain R. H. Fitch, she made her first passage 
from Troy to New York on Friday, August 19th. The two boats formed a 
daily line between the two cities ; each leaving successively Troy at 2:30, and 
New York at 5 o'clock, p. m. The fare, by the New London, was $3 to New 
York, and $4, by the Chief Justice Marshall. 



I 10 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The great quantity of wood burned by the boats on each passage made the 
"woodino- up" at the steamboat wharf a scene of considerable activity and 
excitement. The pine trees on Green Island supplied for a time some of the 
fuel consumed by them, but most of the wood was brought from the west and 
north by the canals. 

The population of Troy in 1825 was 7,859 ; showing an increase of 2,564 in- 
habitants in five years. Among the number of manufactories there were six 
grist-mills, three saw-mills, an oil-mill, a fulling-mill, a cotton factory, and a distill- 
ery. In 1824, the flouring-mills had ground 325,000 bushels of wheat, and the 
three iron and nail factories had produced 700 tons of nails and 500 tons of band 
iron and nail rods. The shovel and spade factory manufactured 500 dozen 
shovels and spades. The two air furnaces made from 500 to 600 tons of pig 
iron, which was converted into ploughs, potash kettles, caldrons, small ware 
and machinery. At the machine shop of John C. Langdon & Co., machinery 
and steam-engines were made. The three breweries made about 8,000 barrels 
of ale. The four tanneries produced $ 160,000 worth of excellent leather. 
The two shoe factories made $25,000 worth of shoes. There were also within 
the city limits, a paper-mill, a rope-walk, three carriage factories, several large 
cooper shops, two bleaching and calendering houses, a gun factory, and two 
chair factories." 



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CHAPTER VIII. 

MULTIPLICATION OF CHURCHES. 

1825-1835. 

THE furtherance of Troy's interests as a center of trade and manufacture 
did not exclusively engage the thoughts and energies of the people. 
They were no less concerned in the advancement of education and re- 
ligion. They wisely planned schools, increased the number of churches, and 
sought in other ways to promote the welfare of the inhabitants. Unitedly in- 
terested in the growth of the city they realized from year to year that their 
well-directed efforts in time accomplished the things which they had judiciously 
projected and fostered. 

In January, 1826, the vestry of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, having been 
petitioned by the members to build a larger edifice than the one in which they 
were worshiping, David Buel, jr., Stephen R. Warren, Nathan Warren, 
Elias Pattison, Lewis Richards, James Van Brackle, and Ira Ford were ap- 
pointed, on February 27th, a committee to select and report a suitable site, 
and were instructed at the same time to inquire whether the burial-ground on 
the south-east corner of State and Third streets could be purchased, and also 
to learn whether the church could be exchanged for the Methodist or the Bap- 
tist meeting-house, or for one or the other of the lots on which they were built. 
However, before the committee had ascertained these particulars, the vestry 
determined to purchase the lot owned by Joshua Harpham, on the north-east 
corner of Third and State streets, and the next one north of it, belonging to 
Benjamin Gilbert ; on each of which was a two-story weather-boarded dwelling. 
The two plots of ground, each subject to a ground-rent, were bought on May 
1st; one for $3,500 and the other for $2,800. The buildings on them were 
sold and removed. Later in the year contracts were made for the erection of 
the church ; $24,000 having then been contributed toward it. 

On Tuesday afternoon, April 24th, 1827, the corner-stone was laid. At 
four o'clock, the rector, wardens, and vestrymen, with the pastors of several 
other churches in the city and a large number of the members of St. Paul's 
Church marched in a body from the old building to the site of the new one. 
The persons composing the procession having descended into the excavation 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



I 1 



made for the basement, the corner-stone was formally placed in position on 
the foundation by the Rev. David Butler. The contents of the glass vase 
deposited in the cavity of the corner-stone embraced a small copy of the Bible 
and one of the Book of Common Prayer, inclosed in leather and covered with 
wax ; a manuscript history of the Origin and Progress of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church in Troy ; a list of the churches in the city, the names of the 




st. paul's church, 1839. 

pastors ; a scroll on which was engrossed in Latin : "In hac urbe, i6mo. Jan., 
A. D. 1804, Societas Christiana, auctoritate Episcopalis Ecclesiee Protestantium 
in Feoderatis Civitatibus America Septentrionalis, appellata Ecclcsia Sancti 
Panli, Trojee, prima est constituta. Suum templum, eodem anno cedificatnm 
re feet um est, A. D. 18 19, ac amplius construetum, A. D. 1827, 2\mo. Apr. 
Rev. David Butler, Rectore, neenon J 'aide Rev. Johanne Henrico Hobart, Epis- 
copo, hoe novum templum, auspiciis beat is, eonditum est; " a copy of Sword's 
Pocket Almanac ; a copy of the Christian Calendar and Ecclesiastical Regis- 
ter for 1827 ; a copy of Tuttle & Richards' City Calendar for the years 1826 
and 1827 ; a copy of each of the five newspapers published in the city ; copies 
of several other journals; a New York Price Current ; an Address to Parents 
on the subject of Sunday Schools ; a printed circular to the members of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States ; and a silver plate with the 
inscription: "This corner-stone of Saint Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church 
'5 



114 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

of the city of Troy was laid on the 24th day of April, Anno Domini 1827, 
and in the 51st year of the Independence of the United States of America, 
by the Rev. David Butler, Rector of the Church ; Nathan Bouton and Esaias 
Warren, Wardens ; George Tibbits, Nathan Warren, William Bradley, Na- 
than Dauchy, Francis Yvonett, Elias Pattison, James Van Brackle, and David 
Buel, jr., Vestrymen. The Right Rev. John H. Hobart, Bishop of the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church of the Diocese of the state of New York, Nathan 
Bouton, Nathan Dauchy, Lewis Richards, Jacob Bishop, Nathan Warren, 
Building Committee, Master Builders; Peter Stewart, James McFarland, 
masons ; Farquhar McRae, John Corey, carpenters ; John Ouincy Adams, 
President of the United States of America." 

After the corner-stone had been laid, the Rev. David Butler "delivered 
an appropriate and very impressive address and the exercises closed with 
a devout prayer to Almighty God, supplicating His blessing" on the 
undertaken work. 

The building, constructed of Amsterdam limestone, was consecrated by the 
Right Rev. John H. Hobart, on Saturday, August i6th, 1828, on which occa- 
sion the rite of confirmation was administered to forty persons. The princi- 
pal features of the edifice as described in the Troy Sentinel were the following: 
"The main body of the church is 103 feet by 70. At the west end is a tower 

24 feet square, projecting 12 feet from the face of the wall, and 100 feet high, 
-x- * * There are nve windows on each side, and three in the east end, each 

25 feet high by 8 feet wide — except the great window over the altar, which is 
40 feet high and 20 feet wide. Inside clustered columns support the galleries 
and the ceiline, which latter is turned into Gothic arches, ornamented with ribs 
and rows of stucco. The altar-front, the pulpit, the breast-work of the gal- 
leries are beautifully painted in imitation of British oak. There are one hun- 
dred and forty slips on the lower floor, and seventy on the side galleries, be- 
sides seats in the organ-loft. * * * The new bell, which is an excellent 
one from Hanks' foundry, and is swinging in the tower, weighs 22 cwt. A 
neat staircase behind the pulpit leads down to a spacious vestry-room in the 
basement, into which there is also a door in the rear wall. The court is paved 
all around the church with broad flags, and the whole is inclosed by a neat 
fence with balusters." 

The site and the building cost $40,368.66. The organ, built by Henry 
Erben of New York, had 18 stops and 865 pipes. On Monday, August iSth, 
one hundred pews in the building were sold for $38,000. 

In 1832, the congregation erected a two-story brick building, for the use of 
the Sunday School, on State Street, on the east side of the alley, in the rear 
of the church. ' 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. I I 5 

In 1854, the first organ was sold, the congregation having been presented 
a larger one by Mrs. Martha C. Warren, the widow of Stephen Warren. The 
rectory, north of the church, was built in 1865. 

A number of the members of the First Presbyterian Church, intending to 
erect a house of worship in the northern part of the city, appointed, on Feb- 
ruary 1st, 1826, Jeremiah Dauchy, Stephen Eldridge, William D. Haight, 
Robert D. Silliman, Uriah Wallace, and Gideon Buckingham, trustees, and 
began to solicit subscriptions to purchase a site and erect a building. One 
hundred and eight persons having contributed $1 1, 165, the trustees purchased, 
on May 22d, two lots, 873 and 874, on the south-east corner of Grand Division 
and Sixth streets, for $650. 

The founders of the society, having worshiped on Sundays in "the school- 
house, near the corner of Fourth and Elbow streets," on May 25th, met there 
and elected the previously-appointed officers, trustees, whereby they and their 
successors became incorporated as " the trustees of the Second Presbyterian 
Congregation of the City of Troy." 

In June, the building of the church was begun. On Wednesday, fuly 12th, 
the trustees of the First Presbyterian Congregation and those of the Second 
assembled at the house of Gideon Buckingham, and proceeded with a number 
of invited ministers to the site of the church to lay the corner-stone. The 
exercises began with a prayer offered by the Rev. Ebenezer Cheever of 
Hoosick. A copper-plate, on which was inscribed, "The corner-stone of the 
Second Presbyterian Church, laid July 12th, 1826," and the names of the trust- 
ees and those of Nehemiah Brown, mason, and John Ayres, carpenter, was 
deposited in the cast-iron box placed in the cavity of the corner-stone. In it, 
also were deposited a copy of each of the newspapers published in the city 
and some silver and copper coins of the United States. On the bottom of the 
iron box the names of the makers, "Starbuck & Gurley, iron founders," were 
casted, and on the bell-metal lid was also casted, "Julius Hanks, July 12th, 
1826." After the corner-stone was placed in its position, the Rev. Nathan 
S. S. Beman delivered an appropriate address, at the close of which a prayer 
was offered by the Rev. Mr. Bascom of South Carolina. 

The erection of the church was described by one of the city newspapers, in 
December, as a very commendable undertaking of the projectors. 

" The Second Presbyterian Society (one lately formed and now worshiping 
with the First) have erected this season an elegant brick church, at the corner 
of Grand Division and Sixth streets. It will be entirely finished early next 
spring. It is eighty by fifty feet ; has a session-room and rooms for other 
purposes in the basement story, and discovers much taste and skill in its con- 
struction." 



u6 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 




SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1855. 

An elaborately made pulpit of Honduras mahogany, with a curved flight of 
balustraded steps on each side of it, was one of the costly appointments of 
the building. A finely-toned bell, cast at the foundry of Julius Hanks, was 
hung in the steeple. On March ioth, 1827, the congregation addressed a call 
to the Rev. Mark Tucker of Northampton, Massachusetts, to become the 
pastor of the society. 

On Wednesday, July iSth, the church was dedicated ; the Rev. Edward 
Dorr Griffin, president of Williams College, preaching the dedicatory sermon. 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. I I / 

There were twelve hundred sittings in the building; five hundred of which 
were on the gallery. Fifty-five persons, having received, on September 24th, 
letters of dismissal from the First Presbyterian Church, united with the Second 
Congregation. The Rev. Mark Tucker, having accepted the call given him, 
was installed pastor of the church, on October 31st, that year. 

Public favor had so enthusiastically been bestowed upon the Erie and Cham- 
plain canals that the project of constructing a railroad, in 1826, between Troy 
and Schenectady, received little attention. The transportation of passengers 
and freight, it was confidently believed, would always remain largely with the 
canals, and this impression was not easily effaced by the projectors of the first 
railroads, who endeavored to demonstrate the advantages of the quicker mode 
of conveying people and commodities. The views *of the editor of one of 
the city newspapers respecting the projected railroad disclose the considera- 
tions governing the conclusions of the people : 

"Among the petitions to the Legislature, on Wednesday, was that of John 
L. Sullivan, for the construction of a railroad from Schenectady to this city. 
Although we remain to be convinced that these railroads will ever become a 
preferable substitute for canals, yet if individuals or companies are ready to 
expend their funds in making the experiment, the privilege ought to be allowed 
them. As there is a similar application from Albany, if one is granted the 
other should be ; so that if any advantages are to be derived from them, both 
places may participate in them. It cannot be imagined, that a railroad from 
Albany or Troy, terminating at Schenectady, even if transportation could be 
conducted upon it with greater facility or less expense, will ever receive a 
large portion of it." 

The members of the Methodist Church, contemplating the erection of a larger 
house of worship than the wooden meeting-house, built in 1809, on the north 
side of State Street, appointed, in the latter part of 1826, a committee to con- 
sider the feasibility of such an undertaking. On January 8th, 1827, a favor- 
able report was made, and the congregation determined to begin building a 
two-story brick meeting-house early in the spring, on the north-east corner of 
the alley, partly on the site of the old structure, which, on February 28th, was 
sold, and removed to the north-west corner of State and Fifth streets, where it 
was used for the sittings of the county courts until the completion of the 
present court-house, which was then building. 

In June, the masonry of the new meeting-house was so far advanced that 
the use of it before the close of the year was well assured. It had a frontage 
on State Street of fifty-five feet, and a depth northward of sixty-six. One- 
half of the basement was fitted for a lecture-room, and the remainder divided 
into four rooms for the use of the classes and official boards of the society. 



I 1 8 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The building and its furniture cost about $7,000. The new meeting-house 
was dedicated on December 1st, by Bishop Elijah Hedding. 

The seventh religious society organized in Troy took the name of St. Peter's 
Roman Catholic Church. The first services of the congregation, in 1825, 
were held in a school-house on the south-east corner of Second and Ferry- 
streets. Desiring to erect a suitable house of worship, the members of the 
church, on June 22c!, 1826, made the following appeal to the people of Troy 
for aid in building such an edifice : 

"That small portion of the inhabitants of the city of Troy and its vicinity, 
known to the Christian world as Roman Catholics, suffering under the serious 
want of a place of worship, in which they and their families may offer up their 
humble acknowledgments to the Author of all good, for the numerous bless- 
ings which they have experienced in this fair and prosperous community, after 
the manner of their ancestors ; now respectfully acquaint the benevolent citi- 
zens of all Christian denominations with their intentions. 

" Sufferings and persecutions induced most of them to become voluntary 
exiles from their native land, and seek for peace and quiet under the protec- 
tion of the 'Constitution of the United States.' That protection they have 
realized, so far as to enable them by industry to erect churches in almost every 
section of the country, and rear their offspring in the faith of their forefathers. 
But it will nevertheless excite the sympathy of the different Christian congre- 
gations which are provided with their respective places of worship to learn 
that the Roman Catholics in this neighborhood are still deficient (though 
partly provided) in means to answer their pious and earnest wishes. 

" The subject is therefore most respectfully submitted by them for the consid- 
eration of their Christian brethren in the hope that it will meet with the aid 
and concurrence of many. 

" N. B. — The Catholic committee, kindly assisted by gentlemen and friends 
attached to other churches, will shortly wait upon the citizens of Troy, with 
a view to the above purpose." 

The committee having obtained subscriptions sufficient to enable the con- 
oreeation to undertake the erection of a church, the trustees were instructed 
to secure an eligible site in the northern part of the city. "On or about" 
October 28th, that year, John D. Dickinson and several other grantors, con- 
veyed to them, for the consideration of "six cents," lot 214, on the north-east 
corner of North Second and Hutton streets. The conveyance stipulated that 
the ground was " for the use and purpose of having a meeting-house built and 
forever continued " on it, and " also that a clock and bell should, within a rea- 
sonable time after the building of the first meeting-house, be placed, put, and 
continued thereon," and in case these conditions were not fulfilled, the property 
was to revert to the grantors. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



119 



Shortly afterward the erection of a small, weather-boarded church was be- 
gun on it. On December 26th, the following paragraph appeared in one of 
the newspapers of the city : 

"The building of a Roman Catholic church has been commenced, and will be 
in a state of forwardness the present season. The society connected with it 
has recently been formed. The Rev. Mr. McGilligan came among us a few 
months ago and gathered a flock chiefly of those foreigners who were before 
without a spiritual guide. He is, we understand, doing much good, and his 
upright and prudent course has secured him the love of his own people and 
the general respect of the community." 

While the church was building, the congregation worshiped in the court- 
house. At a meeting there of the 
male members, on February 19th, T » 

1 82 7, Keating Rawson, Patrick Ir- ^^ 

win, Edward Lawler, Patrick 
Mooney, Patrick Cole, George Don- 
levy, Philip Ouinn, Michael Egan, 
and James Cantwell were elected 
" trustees of St. Peter's Church," 
which then became incorporated 
under that name according to the 
laws of the state of New York. On 
the completion of the building, in 

1830, the Right Rev. John Du Bois, 
Bishop of New York, consecrated 
it. 

The use of lamps to light the city at night began on the evening of Decem- 
ber 23d, 1826, when River Street was first lighted from Washington to 
Hoosick Street. 

The congregation of the Methodist Church, to provide its members living 
in Albia with a convenient place to assemble to hear preaching and to hold 
prayer-meetings, built, in 1826, a meeting-house there. The Rev. John Tacka- 
berry, appointed by the New York Conference in 1829 to assist the Rev. 
Samuel Merwin, pastor of the congregation worshiping in the church on 
State Street, began preaching statedly in the meeting-house at Albia. In 

1 83 1, the Rev. Abiathar M. Osbon took charge of the society. In 1832, he 
was succeeded by the Rev. E. F. Whiteside, who served the congregation as 
pastor for two years. Thereafter no appointments were made for the place 
until 1853, when the Rev. Aaron Hall was assigned to take charge of the 
Levings Chapel and Albia societies. The two congregations were jointly 




st. peter's church, 1830. 



120 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

served by different pastors until 1861, when the Rev. Lorenzo Barber was 
appointed by the Troy Conference to serve the Albia society, which since 
then has been a separate charge. In 1868, the society took the name of the 
Pawling Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. On the stone tablet, in the 
front wall of the present house of worship, is inscribed : " Erected A. D. 1827. 
Rebuilt A. D. 1858." 

Some of the colored people of Troy, favoring the organization of a relig- 
ious society composed of persons of African descent, held a meeting, on July 
7th, 1828, and having elected William Lauder chairman, and Thomas Archi- 
bald secretary, passed the following resolutions : 

" Resolved, That this society shall be known and distinguished by the name 
and title of the First Colored Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal Church of the 
city of Troy, and a branch of the First Colored Wesleyan Methodist Epis- 
copal Church of the city of New York. 

" Resolved, That we adopt the discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
of 181 2 for our rule and guide until the convention shall alter or change the 
same. 

" Resolved, That Henry Johnson be set apart for the Holy Order of Deacons 
for the Church of God." 

The members of this society, it seems, formed a part of the congregation 
which became, in 1831, the charge of the Rev. John Dungy, who had been the 
leader of "the colored class" of the Methodist Episcopal Church in State 
Street. In 1832, the society was called the Wesleyan Methodist Episcopal 
Zion Church of Troy. The congregation for a time worshiped in a small 
weather-boarded building on Fifth Street, north of Liberty Street. In 1841, 
the society purchased a lot and building on the north side of Liberty Street, 
between the alley on the west and Fifth Street on the east, and fitted it for a 
church. On February 23d, 1842, by the election of William Meads, Jacob 
Brown, Lewis Butler, Littleton Becket, and Lewis Jones trustees of the so- 
ciety, they and their successors became incorporated as such officers of the 
church. The property having been sold in 1863, George Bristol purchased 
for the congregation the lot on which the present church stands, on the east 
side of Seventh Street, between State Street and Broadway. On the brown- 
stone tablet in the front wall of the building is inscribed : " A. M. E. Zion 
Church, organized A. D. 1832, erected A. D. 1865. 

In 1827, the growth of the city was advanced by the erection of three hun- 
dred and thirty buildings. The business of the year exceeded that of all 
previous years. The flouring-mills ground 94.385 barrels of flour, and one 
provision-house packed 2,800 barrels of pork. 

Among the improvements in the city, in 1828, that of the enlargement of 



TROY'S ONE B UN D RED YEARS. 



I 2 1 



the principal hotel, in August, was thus mentioned in one of the newspapers : 
" The increase of travel, which has been greater this season than in any for- 
mer, has rendered it necessary for Mr. Titus of the Troy House to enlarge 
his accommodations. For this purpose he has raised the three-story part of 
his house to four stories in front and five in the rear, that the pitch of the roof 
on both sides might correspond with that of the other part of the establish- 
ment. The work was begun on Monday morning, the i ith inst, 



-* -x- * 



anc 



done by Thursday evening, the 15th. * * * The house when painted will 
present a beautiful and ample front, four stories high and seventy-five feet 
broad." 

The Troy Museum was opened to the public on Monday, December 15th, 
1S28, in the upper part of the three-story brick building on the north-east cor- 
ner of River and State streets. Collections of natural and artificial curiosi- 
ties were attractively displayed in the rooms on the second and third floors. 
In the large room on the second story was a collection of stuffed birds, about 
three hundred in number. About 700 insects were displayed in one of the 
long, glass-covered cases; in another about 600 specimens of minerals; in 
another about 600 shells ; in another about 100 reptiles and insects ; and in 
another about 200 zoophytes, corallines, and petrifactions. In the room above 
it was a large display of implements of warfare used by savages. Fourteen 
life-size wax figures of distinguished people were among the other attractions 
of the room. There was also a room hung with paintings. The admittance 
was twenty-five cents for adults, and twelve and a half cents for children. 

The erection of the Mansion House, 
on the north-east corner of Second and 
Albany streets, in 1828, by Nathan 
Warren, greatly enhanced the value 
of property fronting on Washington 
Square. The location and appoint- 
ments of the new hotel soon obtained 
the favorable recognition of the public, 
and under the management of Daniel 
D. Howard, in 1829 and 1830, it was as 
largely patronized as any of the other 
houses of entertainment in the city. 

River Street was paved for the first time in 1829. That year door-numbers 
were first used to mark the houses on the principal streets of the city. 

The first directory was published in May, that year, by John Disturnell, 
bookseller, at No. 218 River Street. The population of the city was then 
10,840. " The increase during the last five or six years," remarks the author 
16 




mm 



•% 



MANSION HOUSE, 1829. 



122 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

of the " Brief Narrative of the Origin and Growth of the City," prefacing the 
Directory, "exceeds by more than half that of any equal time preceding. 
For this it is indebted to the opening of the Grand Canal, whose beneficent 
waters reached the Hudson in 1824. Troy has reaped some share of the 
boundless benefits diffused by that great undertaking, as it has opened her 
markets, in some measure, to the immense regions of the West, from which 
they had previously been almost entirely excluded." The same writer, de- 
scribing the city, further observes : " The stores being generally confined to 
River Street, nearly all the business is transacted there ; and hence the re- 
mainder of the city exhibits the tranquil aspect and noiseless quiet, which are 
seldom found in the country. Many of the buildings, particularly those 
recently erected, are spacious and elegant, while nearly all are remarkable for 
the neatness and propriety of their construction. It may, perhaps, be thought 
that too great a portion are of wood ; but provision has been wisely made 
against the too rapid increase of such tenements in future. A great improve- 
ment has recently been made in the appearance of the public buildings. 

" East of the plain upon which Troy is built, and not more than a quarter 
of a mile from the river, Mount Ida rises abruptly to the height of three or 
four hundred feet, from whose summit every house and store may be seen with 
perfect distinctness, while the eye is likewise gratified by a very extensive view 
north and south, embracing the nine locks at the junction of the western and 
northern canals, Waterford, Lansingburgh, and Albany. Two streams, 
I the Poesten and Wynants kills, | which afford an immense quantity of 
water-power, empty into the Hudson within its limits, and one of them 
rolls down a beautiful cascade, about a mile from the court-house, which 
is frequently visited as an object of curiosity. They already move the 
machinery of a number of large flouring-mills ; and of several very extensive 
iron, cotton, and woolen manufacturing establishments. 

" The Troy Female Seminary consists of a plain brick building of more 
than a hundred feet in length, and another of inferior dimensions. This 
school is flourishing, and contains a hundred and fifty pupils, nearly half of 
whom are inmates from abroad. But we regret to say, that another institu- 
tion of value and importance, the Lancasterian School, is not in the same con- 
dition, and does not receive from our citizens the patronage and attention it 
merits. It is, however, furnished with a good and convenient building, which 
would accommodate three hundred and fifty pupils. The Infant School occu- 
pies a neat brick structure, and is said to have realized the utmost expectations 
of its founders. 

" There is nothing particularly worthy of description in the markets, unless 
its object should be to induce the authorities to demolish them. The new 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



I 2' 



gaol, situated at the east end of Ferry Street, is firm and substantial. The 
foundations of a new court-house have been laid, and contracts for its comple- 
tion entered into, which it is said will be worthy of the place. * * * 

" An elegant and secure steamboat for the carriage of passengers, the ' Chief 
Justice Marshall,' leaves Troy two or three times every week, for New York. 
Another, the ' New London,' is employed as a tow-boat, and carries to and from 
that city an immense quantity of freight and many passengers. About 80 
sloops and other craft are engaged in the business of transportation, princi- 
pally between these two cities, and several schooners ply regularly between 
Troy and Boston. 

"The trade of Troy supports four newspapers, two of which are semi- 
weekly and two weekly. * * * 

" Upon the Poesten Kill, not far from the foot of the cascade already men- 
tioned, is a cotton factory of which we can give no further particulars than 







m 






<n. 



Ir 




TROY FEMALE SEMINARY, 1830. 

that it is the property of a wealthy company in New York, and that it manu- 
factures a great quantity of cloths, which are made into calicoes at another 
branch of the same works near Hudson. Both the exterior and interior of 
the manufactory, as well as the buildings attached to it, denote great neatness 
and regularity, and reflect much credit upon the industrious and active ao-ent 
and superintendent." 

The Merchants and Mechanics' Bank of Troy was organized under an act 
of Legislature, passed April 29th, 1829. The capital stock was not to exceed 
$300,000. On February 12th, 1830, the bank was authorized to begin the 
transaction of business. In July, George Vail was elected president of the 
institution, and Alanson Douglas was appointed cashier. The bank began 
business in the Mansion House, and in 1830 occupied its brick building, No. 
16 First Street. On February 22d, 1865, the institution took the name of the 
Merchants and Mechanics' National Bank of Troy. On October 31st, 1878, 
the bank was enjoined from doing business, its accounts showing that the 



124 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Schaohticoke Woolen Mills, at Hart's Falls, N. Y., were indebted to the bank, 
$430,867.98, and that the bank's liabilities exceeded the assets, $465,664. 

The supervisors of Rensselaer County, at a meeting held on November 
15th, 1826, determined to petition the Legislature to authorize them to raise 
$25,000 by taxation to erect a new court-house on the site of the old building, 
on Second Street. This action was taken upon assurances that the city of 
Troy would defray two-fifths of the expense of erecting the building should 
certain rooms in it be set apart for the use of the corporation. On March 
13th, 1827, an act was passed permitting the supervisors to raise by tax a 
sum of money not exceeding fifteen thousand dollars to build a court-house. 
The old building was demolished and the Methodist meeting-house, on the 
north-west corner of Fifth and State streets, was rented for the sittings of the 
courts. 

After the foundations were laid in 1829, the erection of the superstructure 
was begun. The style of architecture followed was that of the Doric hexa- 
style order, modeled after the temple of Theseus, at Athens, the lateral columns 
being omitted and windows introduced on the sides. When the court-house 
was completed, the supervisors, in March, 1831, assigned two rooms on the 
first floor, on the north side of the hall, to the city, one for the Mayor's court 
and the other for the use of the Common Council ; and three rooms in the 
basement for offices. The building when completed cost about $40,000. The 
municipal courts and meetings of the Common Council of the city were held 
in the court-house until October, 1S76, when the city hall was occupied. 

The first daily newspaper published in the city was the Daily Troy Sentinel, 
edited by O. L. Holley, and printed by Tuttle & Gregory, at No. 225 River 
Street. The first issue was on Saturday afternoon, May 1st, 1830. 

The classic name, Mount Ida, was given by the early settlers of Troy to 
the bold and partly precipitous hill, between Congress and Hill streets, east 
of Sixth Street. It has a maximum height of about two hundred and forty 
feet above low water in the Hudson. The designation Mount Olympus 
was also bestowed by them on the conspicuous ridge of sessile argillite 
rock abruptly terminating at North Street, on the line of Fifth Avenue. 
The rock contains carbonate of iron, iron pyrites, and a curiously striated va- 
riety of quartz between the natural cleavages. Small quantities of anthracite 
coal have been found in it. The summit of the rocky elevation is about one 
hundred feet above low water in the Hudson. In the summer of 1823, W. D. 
Van der Heyden erected an octagonal building on the eminence, where during 
the warm weather cooling cordials and other beverages were sold to visitors. 
The wooden building was burned on Sunday night, February 13th, 1830. 
The rock is now used in the composition of mineral paint. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 125 

In the spring of 1830, many of the members of the First Presbyterian 
Church residing in Albia, in the fifth ward of the city, disinclined by distance 
to attend the services at the meeting-house on First Street, began worshiping 
in the school-house at that place. On the evening- of Auo-ust 16th, having 
elected Jesse Tracy, Daniel Wight, and Andrew Finch trustees, they formed 
the Third Presbyterian Church of the city of Troy. On December 7th, that 
year, forty-eight members of the First Presbyterian Church withdrew from it 
to connect themselves with the Albia congregation. The session of the 
church held its first meeting at the house of Jesse Tracy, on December 17th; 
the three elders being present, — Jesse Tracy, Asaph Clark, and Andrew Finch. 
On August 1 6th, 1831, two lots were purchased on the north side of Washino-- 
ton Street, on which a weather-boarded church was erected. The buildin<>- 
was dedicated on December 1 6th ; the Rev. Edward N. Kirk of Albany offi- 
ciating. The present brick edifice was built in 1853 ; — the wooden one havino- 
been burned, on March 24th, that year. 

In the fall of 1830, some of the members of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in- 
tending to organize a second Episcopal Church began attending religious ser- 
vices, on Sunday, conducted by laymen, in the Presbyterian session-house, No. 
71 Fourth Street. At a meeting held there, on November 2 2d, David Buel 
having been called to the chair, they elected David Buel and John Whiton, 
church wardens; and David Buel, jr., Lewis Rousseau, Asahel Gilbert, jr., 
Darius Weed, Francis N. Mann, Charles S. J. Goodrich, Henry Rousseau, 
and Melzar Flagg, vestrymen ; and at the same time determined that the cor- 
porate name of the organization should be " The Rector, Church Wardens, 
and Vestrymen of St. John's Church in the city of Troy." A committee 
having been appointed to negotiate the purchase of St. Paul's Church, on the 
north-west corner of Congress and State streets, the ground and the buildino-, 
"including bell, organ, and other personal property appurtenant to the church 
edifice," were bought for $5,000, on January 13th, 1831 ; — the vestry of St. 
Paul's Church requiring the purchasers to covenant that the building should 
forever thereafter be " used and appropriated to and for the use of an Epis- 
copal church by a congregation in connection with the Protestant Episcopal 
Church," and that the property should revert to St. Paul's Church, if such use 
of the building were not made. The Rev. John A. Hicks of Easton, Pennsyl- 
vania, was called to the rectorship of the parish, and he took charge of the 
church in May, that year. It is said that St. John's Church, at that time, had 
a congregation of "seventeen communicants and some twenty families." 

In 1839, a tall steeple was erected on the tower of the church, and a larger 
bell hung in trie belfry In September, that year, a committee appointed to 
consider the expediency of building a new church near Washington Street 



126 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



reported adversely, and in the following year $2,000 were expended in reno- 
vating the old edifice. 

In the fall of 1827, George M. Tibbits, Alsop Weed, Nathan Warren, and 
other interested citizens petitioned the Legislature to incorporate the Troy 
and Bennington Turnpike Company to construct a road, beginning at the foot 



- 



IP It 





HS^'^fi^'i 




m.— - - 






st. john's church, 1845. 

of Hoosick Street and running thence by the way of Pittstown and Hoosick 
to Bennington, Vermont. The project of the petitioners did not become 
feasible until the passage of the act to incorporate the Troy Turnpike and 
Railroad Company, on April 1 8th, 1831, when Lewis Burtis, Stephen Ross, 
David Gleason, Stephen Eldridge, Anson Arnold, Abraham Van Tuyl, John 
Burtis, jr., Alsop Weed, and Robert D. Silliman and their associates, were 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 127 

authorized " to make and construct a turnpike road from the west end of the 
Troy and Bennington road, in Hoosick Street, in the city of Troy," to the 
town of Bennington, or the town of Povvnal, in Vermont, and " with power 
also to make and construct a single or double railroad or way from some suit- 
able place in said city to both or either of said towns," on which to transport 
and carry property and persons. The capital stock of the company was not 
to exceed $100,000. The turnpike greatly benefited the city for many years, 
and was an important stage route until the railroads were built northward. 

Some of the members of the Second Presbyterian Church, desiring a house of 
worship near their homes, began at the beginning of the year 1833 to take 
such steps as were necessary to accomplish the object they had in view. John 
T. McCoun, Samuel Gale, George Vail, and Abram Nash purchased, in Feb- 
ruary, parts of lots 142 and 143, on the east side of Second Street, opposite 
the property of the Troy Female Seminary, for the site of a church. The sum 
of $23,325 having been subscribed, the erection of a house of worship was 
begun in the following spring. The corner-stone of the building was laid on 
July 2d, that year. The edifice was dedicated on August 6th, 1834. A call 
was given the Rev. William D. Snodgrass, D. D., who entered on the dis- 
charge of his pastoral duties in Troy in the beginning of September. On 
the 30th of that month, by the election of Alfred Slason, Matthew Lane, 
Leroy Mowry, Townsend M Vail, George Palmer, Henry Burden, Hanford 
N. Lockwood, John Wheeler, and John T. McCoun, they and their successors 
became incorporated under the name of the " Trustees of the Second Street 
Presbyterian Church in the city of Troy." On October 8th, the Rev. William 
D. Snodgrass was installed pastor of the church. 

The Quarterly Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, deeming it 
advantageous to have a church in the northern part of the city, on May 23d, 
1 83 1 , appointed Eli Townsend, Stephen Monroe, and William C. Urena "to 
provide a place for preaching somewhere in the bounds of the fourth ward." 
Finding " the dwelling-house" of Stephen Monroe "the only place" available, 
the committee reported the fact, on August 8th. William W. Whipple, Eli 
Townsend, Stephen Andres, Daniel Marvin, jr., and Independence Starkswere 
then appointed "to provide a place or places for meetings in the first and 
fourth wards of the city." Five days afterward, Eli Townsend, James Wallace, 
and Jefferson Gardner, deeming the lot, on the north-east corner of North 
Second and Jacob streets, a suitable site for a Methodist church, privately 
bought it for $1,500, proposing to hold it in their possession until the State 
Street congregation had sufficient time to consider the purchase of it from 
them. A subscription having been circulated to obtain money to build " a 
Methodist Episcopal church in the fourth ward" with free sittings, the 



128 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

trustees of the State Street church, on May 12th, 1832, concluded to buy the 
lot "owned by Eli Townsend and others, opposite Lawyer Ross' house." On 
March 1 8th, 1833, Eli Townsend and Zina P. Egleston were instructed to 
purchase the property, paying $1,500 "and the expenses" incurred from the 
time the lot was first purchased by its three owners from Latham Cornell. A 
plan and specifications having been furnished the trustees by G. & H. Landon 
for a church, — Zina P. Egleston, Thomas L. Ostrom, and Jesse Anthony 
were appointed, on June 14th, 1834, a committee to take the supervision 
of the building of the brick edifice, the erection of which was shortly afterward 
begu n. 

As soon as the rooms in the basement were finished, they were occupied by 
the Sunday School, organized on June 2d, that year, in Miss Anna H. Manwar- 
ring's school-room, on the west side of North Second Street, between Federal 
and Jacob streets. In completing the decorations of the altar, the trustees 
voted to put moreen curtains " in the rear of the pulpit." On Sunday after- 
noon August 30th, the church was dedicated by Bishop Elijah Hedding. 
The congregation in order to become an incorporated body, elected, on 
October 12th, 1835, Eli Townsend, Jesse Anthony, John W. Mackey, John 
Wright, and Zina P. Egleston " trustees of the North Second Street Method- 
ist Episcopal Church of the city of Troy." 

The property being owned by the State Street Church, the trustees of the 
latter, on January 16th, 1836, agreed to divide its real estate between the two 
congregations. Of the debt of $9,675.97, incurred by the erection of the new 
church, the State Street congregation assumed the payment of $5,338.53, and 
the North Second Street, the remainder. Under this agreement, by an order 
of the Chancellor of the State of New York, the trustees of "the Methodist 
Episcopal Church of Troy " deeded to the trustees of the North Second 
Street Church the lot and building on the corner of North Second and Jacob 
streets. The first pastor of the church, the Rev. Charles Sherman, took 
charge of it, in 1836. 

In 1854, the congregation undertook the erection of a new house of worship, 
which was dedicated by Bishop E. S. Janes, on Friday, December 29th, that 
year. By a resolution of the trustees, passed on Thursday evening, February 
9th, 1888, the name of the society was changed to that of the Fifth Avenue 
Methodist Episcopal Church of Troy in consequence of the name of Fifth 
Avenue being substituted by the Common Council for that of North Second 
Street. 

During the freshet of Monday March 12th, 1832, a part of the bridge across 
the Mohawk River, at Cohoes, was swept away. On Tuesday morning, at 
eleven o'clock, the water in the river in front of the city was eighteen inches 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 129 

higher than it had been in 1818. Fourth and Fifth streets, as far north as 
Congress Street, were inundated. 

A congregation of Baptists, worshiping in a building on First Street, be- 
tween Ferry and Division streets, determined, on February 4th, 1834, to or- 
ganize a second Baptist society in the city. On February 26th, they resolved 
to call it the Second Particular Baptist Church and Society of the city of 
Troy. On March 17th, Josiah Converse, Israel Seymour, Latham Cornell, 
Isaac Lovejoy, Apollo Harvey, Abel Bunnel, Gardner W. Rand, Lemuel 
Brintnall, and John Wheeler were elected trustees of the church. On April 
4th, the congregation purchased the meeting-house and lots of the First 
Universalist Church, on the east side of the alley on Ferry Street, between 
First and Second streets, and, on June 8th, called the Rev. Ebenezer S. Ray- 
mond to become the pastor of the society. After his resignation, in 1841, the 
society lost its members and, about the year 1852, ceased to exist as an or- 
ganization. 

A number of persons residing in Troy in 1832 solicited the Associate Pres- 
bytery of Albany to appoint a minister to preach to them. The Rev. Peter 
Bullions, then a professor of languages in the Albany Academy, was induced 
to accept the invitation extended in the formal request, and began preaching, 
on alternate Sundays, to the congregation on September 23d, 1832, in a 
school-house on the south-east corner of Fourth and State streets. On Feb- 
ruary 6th, 1834, the Associate Presbyterian Church of Troy was organized 
there with sixteen members. Robert Cruikshank and William Brinckerhoff 
were elected ruling elders of the church. On May 1st, that year, the society 
rented a wooden building on the east side of First Street, near Division Street, 
for a house of worship, and there partook of the sacrament of the Lord's 
Supper for the first time as a congregation. In 1836, the society erected a 
brick church, on the east side of Seventh Street, between Albany and State 
streets. The building, having about four hundred sittings, was dedicated on 
November 13th. The Rev. Peter Bullions, who had served the congregation 
as a preacher since its organization, was installed pastor of the church, on 
December 28th, that year. His ministrations in this pastorate were continued 
until his death, on February 13th, 1864. A union of the Associate and 
Associate Reformed Presbyterian churches having been effected, in May, 1858, 
the congregation shortly afterward changed its name to that of the United 
Presbyterian Church of Troy. The church on Seventh Street was burned in 
the great fire of May 10th, 1862. The society then purchased a lot on the 
east side of Fifth Street, between Broadway and State Street, and erected 
the present brick edifice on it, which was dedicated on February 15th, 1863. 

In 1834, the members of the First Presbyterian Church desiring a better 
17 



130 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

and larger house of worship than the meeting-house, an agreement was made 
with the city authorities to exchange the two lots and part of the third, on the 
south side of Congress Street, owned by the congregation, for the two lots, 
85 and 84, south of them. On July 18th, that year, the trustees conveyed the 
three lots to the city, with a reservation respecting lot 86, " so that a small 
part" of the church to be erected should stand on it, "with a view that the 
residue" of the lots should "forever * * * be kept open and unoccupied 
by any building and * * * be enclosed as a public park and yard, in front 
of the said meeting-house." It was stipulated that the portico of the church 
to be built should not extend more than fifteen feet on lot 86, and the steps 
not more than seven beyond the portico. The trustees also reserved the right 
of having gates on Congress and First streets, and walks from them to the 
church. The value of the lots obtained from the city was estimated at 
$1 1,000. 

The erection of the new church was begun in the spring of 1835, and, on 
Thursday afternoon, April 23d, the corner-stone was laid with appropriate 
services. A copy of the original subscription for building the first meeting- 
house was placed in the cavity of the corner-stone. Early in the summer of 
1836, the building was finished, having a frontage on the park of 72 feet and 
a depth, including the portico, of 107 feet. The Doric hexastyle architecture 
of the church makes it a very attractive building. The expense of erecting 
it was about $45,000. On Wednesday afternoon, May 25th, that year, the 
edifice was dedicated ; the Rev. Edward N. Kirk, of Albany, preaching the 
dedicatory sermon. 

A bell, weighing 3,200 pounds, cast by Oscar Hanks, was hung in a latticed 
belfry, beneath the roof of the portico. The surrounding wood-work impeded 
the flow of the sound of the bell when rung so much that the ringing of it 
being considered unserviceable, the bell was sold to a firm of bell-founders in 
the city. The first meeting-house, called "the old white church," was sold at 
public auction, on June 13th, 1836. It had one hundred and two pews on the 
ground floor. 

The site of the Liberty Street Presbyterian Church was purchased by the city 
on June 30th, 1834. A few months later, the session-house of the First Pres- 
byterian Church, having been removed to it, was fitted for a church for a con- 
gregation of colored people. On its dedication, on Thursday, November 27th, 
the Rev. Theodore S. Wright officiated. In the following week, a day school 
for colored children and an evening school for adult colored people were opened 
in the basement by William Lively. No distinct church organization wor- 
shiped in the building until 1840. On January 17th, that year, the Common 
Council appointed Thaddeus B. Bigelow, William Rich, and Alexander Thuey 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 131 

trustees to take charge of the property until an incorporated society of colored 
people should purchase it. Thirty-three colored members of the First Pres- 
byterian Church, having received letters of dismission from it, on February 3d 
organized the Liberty Street Presbyterian Church by electing William Rich, 
Alexander Thuey, and Peter Jackson its trustees, and, on February 6th, pur- 
chased the property for $1,000. The Rev. Henry Highland Garnett was 
called to the pastorate of the church, and served the congregation from 1841 
to 1848 with marked ability. 



CHAPTER IX. 

LOCAL RAILROADS. 
1835-1844. 

THE Mohawk and Hudson Railroad from Albany to Schenectady having 
been completed in 1832, the people of Albany, coveting the trade of 
Northern New York, attempted to divert it from Troy by building a 
branch road from Schenectady to Saratoga as a feeder to the former road. 
The merchants of Troy were however too alert to permit those of Albany 
to deprive them of the acquired trade. They immediately petitioned the 
Legislature to pass an act to incorporate the Rensselaer and Saratoga Rail- 
road Company. The act was passed on April 14th, 1832, empowering the 
company to build a single or double track road from Troy to Ballston, a dis- 
tance of twenty-four miles. Elisha Tibbits, George Griswold, John Cramer, 
John Knickerbacker, Richard P. Hart, Townsend McCoun, Nathan Warren, 
Stephen Warren, George Vail, Le Grand Cannon, Moses Williams, John P. 
Cushman, and John Paine, the first directors, took a very active part in ad- 
vancing the interests of the company. 

In 1833, the construction of the road was begun. On Tuesday, October 
6th, 1835, the first passenger train crossed the bridge between the city and 
Green Island. Six days thereafter the company advertised that " passengers" 
would " leave Troy every morning for the Burrough [Mechanicville] in the 
Ballston and Saratoga train of railroad cars, precisely at 10 o'clock, and from 
thence to Whitehall in coaches and the splendid new packet, Red Bird. * * * 
Cars" would "remain opposite the office [of the company, at No. 10 Eirst 
Street,] and at the east end of the bridge every morning from sunrise to 9 
o'clock to take freight for the Burrough, Ballston, and Saratoga." 

From the bridge, the track extended down River to Eirst Street and termi- 
nated in the yard on the south side of the two-story brick building then stand- 
ing on the north part of the site of the Athenaeum Building, now owned by 
the Troy Young Men's Association. Until 1853, the cars of the company as 
well as those of the other railroad companies were drawn on River Street by 
horses. The first passenger cars of the company were not much larger than 
those on the present street railways. The doors were on the sides of the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



coaches, and the conductors collected the tickets and fares by walking on the 
foot-boards along the sides of the cars. 

On Sunday, January 4th, 1835, the lowest temperature known in Troy was 
recorded. At sunrise, that day, an accurate thermometer hanging at the 
south-east corner of Albany and River streets, indicated 32 degrees below 
zero. Another thermometer, hanging on Second Street, indicated 31 degrees 
below zero, and other thermometers in different parts of the city varied from 27 
degrees to 31 degrees below zero, according to situation. As indicated by one 
thermometer, the changes of temperature in the city during the space of forty- 
eight hours were as follows: On Saturday, January 3d, at sunrise, 4 degrees 




[ VIEW OF^RIVER STREET IN 1846. 

below zero ; on Sunday following, at sunrise, 28 degrees below ; at 9 a. m., 23 
degrees below ; at 12 noon, 10 degrees below ; at sunset, 6 degrees below; at 
8 p. m., 12 degrees below ; and on Monday, at sunrise, 10 degrees below. 

The unflagging efforts of the people of Troy to advance its interests and 
growth continued to be remarked by travelers and observant visitors. In the 
Editorial Correspondence of the New York Commercial Advertiser, dated 
Troy, September 18th, 1835, tne following observations were made respecting 
the successful undertakings of the enterprising Trojans : 

" Mistake not my locality from the date. I am seated on the bank of the 
H udson — not on the Scamander. 1 1 is Tibbits' Island — not Tenedos — that 
stretches before me. Of ancient Troja- — Ilios, or Ilium — call it which you 



134 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

please — according to Commodore Porter's description, it would make an owl 
weak to fly over the site of it — the moles and bats having long since ab- 
sconded from very starvation. But it is far otherwise with our own beautiful 
Troy — the fourth city in the state, and in many respects second to none. 

" There is something peculiar about the said city of Troy. From the day 
of its foundation, some thirty or thirty-five years ago, until the present, Troy 
has been a pattern for all other places, in respect to its industry and enter- 
prise. Lansingburgh, four miles above, had attained almost to its present size 
when the first building was erected in Troy, and Albany, six miles below, had 
been in existence one hundred and eighty years. And yet Troy, far out-strip- 
ping the former in a very short time, is now rapidly advancing upon the latter. 

"There is something remarkable in the character of the people also. No 
matter where they come from, or what have been their previous habits, the 
moment they become residents of this place they are Trojans. They not only 
look well to their own individual interests, but imbibe the same spirit of enter- 
prise which they find prevailing, and unite as one man in sustaining the inter- 
ests, and advancing the prosperity of Troy. It is, in fact, a sort of community 
by itself — like Lubec, or Hamburg, or any other of the free cities of the 
ancient Hanseatic league — belonging to the confederacy, it is true — but 
always minding the main chance for itself. 

" Hence when any project for the benefit of the town is started — so that its 
feasibility is apparent — there are no bickerings, or jealousies, or rivalships, 
or long debates. The people go to work and do it. So if any other city or 
town in the vicinity commences an enterprise of its own — if by possibility it 
can conflict with the interests of Troy, or give her real or fancied rivals an 
advantage over it — the Trojans are awake in an instant, and some counter- 
vailing project is undertaken, or some original measure projected, whereby 
they can rather more than sustain themselves in the race of competition. 

" No sooner, for instance, had the steamboat monopoly been broken up by 
the Supreme Court, and Albany placed a line of steamboats upon the river of 
her own, than Troy did the same. When a railroad brought the valley of the 
Mohawk within an hour's distance of Albany, Troy united herself with Vermont 
by the powers of Macadam. The regency having succeeded in obtaining a 
national appropriation to improve the navigation of the overslaugh, and induced 
the ' last of the Romans ' to forget that he had vetoed the appropriation the 
year before as unconstitutional — Troy manages to come in for a share, to be 
applied above the capital of the Knickerbockers. And last, though not least, 
a railroad having in effect brought the Ballston and Saratoga health springs 
within two hours of Albany, another railroad brings the same fountains within 
an hour and a half of Troy. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 135 

" Nor do the people who ' go ahead ' in these matters always stop to calcu- 
late whether or not they are to make large dividends upon the stock of this or 
that enterprise. They know and feel that their interests are identified with 
those of the city; and in whatever way the latter is benefited, they readily per- 
ceive their own general advantage. The fruits of this policy, and the entire 
unanimity with which they act in regard to all matters of profit and loss are 
at this time most evident in the flourishing condition of the town. Nearly 
three years had elapsed since my last visit to this city, and although I doubted 
not that the Trojans had spread wide their sails to the prosperous breeze now 
sweeping over our country, and although I knew well their character, yet I 
was not prepared to find the number or the extent of their improvements. 

" You doubtless recollect the residence of the venerable Colonel Pawlino- 
below the city, [south side of Washington Street, between River and Court 
(First) streets], and the old brick mansion of the Yanderheydens, on the side 
hill above, at the north-east, [on Eighth Street]. The city is now compactly 
built in both directions, embracing both these situations ; and alono- the river 
at the north a goodly distance beyond. The lowlands south of the city, ex- 
tending down to the creek, and from the river back to the hill, are filling up, 
after the manner of the recent improvement of the Stuyvesant meadows in 
New York. * * * 

" You doubtless recollect the delightful situation of the home of the venerable 
George Tibbits, quite in the country a few years since, east of the city, on a 
beautiful slope of Mount Ida. This has been invaded and already a rano-e of 
houses is looking down upon him, from the elevation beyond — to say nothino- 
of sundry large manufacturing villages, which have sprung into existence in the 
ravines south-eastwardly of the city, and out of sight of those who do not go 
in search of them. * * * 

" You are probably aware, [that the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad] is 
not quite completed, but will be so in a few days — commencing at the Troy 
House, in the heart of the city, and terminating at Ballston — the charter, I 
believe, not permitting the company to extend it to Saratoga. Passengers for 
the latter place have the option of taking a post coach for the remaining six 
miles, or of waiting an hour, and stepping into the cars of the Albany and 
Saratoga line. There is some inconvenience in this arrangement, which I 
hope to see obviated before another year, by a compromise and a mutual 
good understanding between the respective companies. * * * 

" It was originally intended that the Troy road should run along the eastern 
margin of the Hudson, through Lansingburgh, crossing the river upon the old 
bridge at Waterford. Obstructions, however, of various kinds were thrown in 
the way of the company, and prices demanded for the use of the bridge — 



I 36 TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

under the impression that the railroad must be carried across it and nowhere 
else — which induced the directors to change the route. The road has accord- 
ingly been constructed on the west side of the river, being carried by a succes- 
sion of bridges from island to island across the Delta of the Mohawk until it 
arrives near the lower extremity of Tibbits' Island, opposite the city of Troy. 

"From thence it leaps the Hudson by one of the noblest bridgesJn the 
Union. This bridge is upward of sixteen hundred feet in length, resting on 
eight massive piers of rough hewn stone. It has a draw of sixty feet, at the 
eastern end, for the accommodation of the river craft of Lansingburgh and 
Waterford. 

" This draw is constructed upon an entire new principle, and can be drawn 
and closed by two men, in the short space of two minutes. I commend it to 
the attention of the public. The bridge is of course covered, and an iron 
water-pipe for the extinguishment of fires is carried through the roof the 
whole extent. Seventeen hundred thousand feet of timber have been used 
in the construction of this bridge, which I trust will long stand as a memorial 
of Trojan enterprise." 

Freeman Hunt of New York City, in his " Letters about the Hudson River 
and its Vicinity," made some interesting observations regarding the city 
in his letter dated at the Mansion House, November 13th, 1835. "The 
squares and private gardens are ornamented with perpetual water-fountains. 
There is one of Italian marble, chaste, classic, and of course of beautiful con- 
struction, directly in front of the Mansion House ; it sends up the water ten 
or fifteen feet, and in its descent resembles the weeping willow. * * * 
Washington is one of the finest squares in the city. The Mansion House, 
belonging to Dr. Huddleston, facing the west, has quite an imposing appear- 
ance. On the south side, Le Grand Cannon, Esq., a gentleman of enterprise 
and spirit, has nearly completed a block of stores that will vie with any I have 
ever seen in New York, Philadelphia, or Boston. There are eight of them, 
four stories high, with freestone fronts, making altogether a noble, business- 
like appearance." 

On the completion of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad to Ballston, 
from which place the Schenectady and Saratoga Railroad extended to Sara- 
toga Springs, the directors of the company desired to make arrangements with 
the Schenectady and Saratoga Railroad Company for the passage of the 
freight cars of the former over the road of the latter, between Ballston and 
Saratoga Springs, and also for the sale of passenger tickets from Troy to 
Saratoga Springs. The Schenectady and Saratoga Railroad being controlled 
by Albany stockholders, who desired that Albany should possess the trade of 
Northern New York, the proposals of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 137 

Company met with no favorable consideration. An unexpected opportunity 
was however given the directors of the latter to purchase some of the stock of 
the former held by a New York broker. Having obtained it, the directors 
of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad Company readily obtained control of 
the Schenectady and Saratoga Railroad, and at once established through lines 
of freight and passenger trains between Troy and Saratoga Springs. 

Writing from the Mansion House, on May nth, 1836, Freeman Hunt de- 
scribes the attractive ornamentation of the passenger coaches on the Rensse- 
laer and Saratoga Railroad : " Yesterday I took a seat in one of the passage 
cars on the new railroad for Ballston. The road now extends to Saratoga, and 
will, I venture to predict, become the most fashionable route, as indeed it is the 
most interesting, to the ' Springs.' The arrangements for carrying passengers 
are quite extensive. There are twenty-four cars belonging to the company — 
at once spacious, elegant, and convenient. They are twenty-four feet in length 
by eight in breadth, and sufficiently high within for the passengers to stand 
erect, the whole divided into three apartments ; the seats of which are cush- 
ioned and backed with crimson morocco, trimmed with coach lace ; each apart- 
ment is surrounded by movable panels, thus affording the comforts and 
facilities of either a close or open carriage to suit the convenience of the pas- 
sengers. The outside of the cars is painted of a beautiful fawn color, with 
buff shading, painted in ' picture panels,' with rose, pink, and gold borders, 
and deep lake shading ; the small mouldings of delicate stripes of vermilion 
and opaque black. Within the panels are ' transferred' some of the most 
splendid productions of the ancient and modern masters, among which are 
copies from 'Leonardo da Vinci,' 'Horace Vernet,' ' David,' (the celebrated 
painter to Napoleon,) 'Stuart,' and many more of the modern school. The 
whole number of the subjects of the twenty-four cars cannot fall far short of two 
hundred, as each car averages from six to ten subjects ; among which may be 
enumerated several copies from the antique, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, the 
two splendid scenes in Byron's Mazeppa, the Hospital Mount St. Bernard, 
portraits of most of the distinguished men of our own country, among whom 
Washington (from Stuart's original) stands conspicuous. The Wounded 
Tiger, The Avalanche, portraits of distinguished women, views of several of 
our popular steamboats, the railroad bridge near Philadelphia, and several 
views in the south. The tout ensemble is more like a movable gallery of the 
fine arts than like a train of railroad cars. * * * The cars were made in 
Troy by those famous coach builders, Gilbert, Veazie, and Eaton, aided by 
Mr. Starbuck, a scientific machinist. Connected with the cars are two beau- 
tiful locomotives called the ' Erie' and the ' Champlain.'" 

The Rensselaer and Saratoga Insurance Company was incorporated by an 
18 



138 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



act of Legislature, passed April 15th, 18 14. The privilege of insuring life 
was rescinded on April 15th, 1834. The company discontinued business 
about 1840. 

The Troy Insurance Company was incorporated on April 5th, 1831. Its 
policies were written for indemnification against losses by fire and water. The 
company discontinued business about 1841. 

The Mechanics' Mutual Insurance Company of the city of Troy, incorpo- 
rated on May 14th, 1836, continued in business until 1856. 

In 1836, a part of the town of Lansingburgh was added to the city, extend- 
ing its territory to its present northern boundary. 




VIEW SOUTHWARD FROM JIT. IDA. 1836. 
(Troy India Rubber Factory in the foreground. West Troy and Albany in the background.) 

The Troy India Rubber Company, incorporated under an act of the Legis- 
lature, passed May 4th, 1836, was formed that year with a capital of $250,000. 
The company built a large brick factory on the west side of the Greenbush 
Road, not far south of the bridge, then spanning the Poesten Kill, a little east 
of the line of Fifth Avenue. In May, that year, the Rubber Works were 
destroyed by fire. New buildings were at once erected, and one hundred and 
twenty people were employed in them in making " rubber cloth and fabrics, 
and patent leather cloth." 

A number of Episcopalians having in May, 1836, organized a Sunday- 
School, at the residence of Josiah Bouton, No. 35 King Street, opened the 
school in the Female Seminary, on the south-east corner of North Second and 
Jacob streets, of which Mrs. Maria Richards was principal. The first ses- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 139 

sion was attended by twenty-two scholars. The office of superintendent 
having been conferred upon Colonel W. T. Willard, the number of scholars 
in the fall of the year was increased to one hundred and seventy. The school 
began attending in a body Sunday morning services at St. Paul's Church, and 
occupied seats in the north gallery. In November, religious services were 
conducted for the first time in the Sunday-school room in the seminary by 
the Rev. William F. Walker, who afterward was rector of Christ Church. 
Notice was then given that a meeting would be held there, on December 3d, 
to organize a church to be incorporated according to the laws of the state of 
New York. On that day, the men, who had been attending the Sunday ser- 
vices in the seminary, met, and having made the Rev. William F. Walker, 
chairman, elected Elias Lasell and William Osborne, church wardens, and 
William Heartt, Stephen Bouton, Ralph B. Roberts, Richard S. Bryan, Wil- 
liam Gary, Thomas Grenell, Josiah Bouton, and Samuel Dauchy, vestrymen, 
whereby they and their successors became incorporated under the title of 
" The Rector, Wardens, and Vestrymen of Christ Church in the city of Troy." 
A call having been given the Rev. William F. Walker, he began his minis- 
trations as rector of Christ Church parish, on December 29th, that year. 
Stephen Warren, Jacob Bishop, and Josiah Kellogg having purchased the site 
of the church, on the west side of Fifth Avenue, between Federal and Jacob 
streets, and the lots north and south of it, and tendered them to the vestry, 
subject to the payment of the purchase-money, the erection of the church was 
undertaken early in the spring of 1838. 

On Thursday, May 10th, the corner-stone of the edifice was laid by the 
Right Rev. Benjamin Tredwell Onderdonk, Bishop of New York, who, on 
June 1st, 1839, consecrated the church. The building is octagonal in form, 
and seventy feet in diameter. As described at the time it was " finished in a 
style remarkable for its convenience and neatness." 

In 1 85 1, a rectory was built on King Street, immediately west of the church; 
a part of the bequest of Mrs. Sarah Bradley having been used to pay the 
cost of its erection. When the building was sold some years later, the money 
borrowed from the Bradley fund was repaid. 

The great avalanche of clay, which slid from the west side of Mount Ida, 
about seven o'clock, on Sunday evening, January 1st, 1S37, was a most calami- 
tous occurrence. Two stables, containing twenty-two horses, and three dwell- 
ings, in which were seven persons, were crushed and buried beneath the 
weighty material, which was carried the distance of 500 feet westwardly, cov- 
ering many acres of land at the eastern end of Washington Street. From the 
shattered dwelling of John Grace, his body and that of his wife were exhumed, 
and also the little son of the dead father and mother, "very little hurt, bare- 



140 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

footed and bare-headed." Two boys, one four and the other eight years old, 
children of Mrs. Leavensworth, were shockingly crushed, while the mother 
and another of her children were extricated from the debris of their wrecked 
home greatly bruised. Of the twenty-two horses, only six escaped death. 
The dislodged clay was used to heighten the level of the low part of the city 
along the line of Washington Street. 

On St. Patrick's Day, Friday, March 17th, 1837, a number of effigies were 
suspended by cords in different parts of the city by boys for the purpose of 
ridiculing the reverence of the Irish inhabitants for their patron saint. About 
ten o'clock in the morning, an incensed Irishman, attempting to pull one down 
at the foot of Ferry Street, was driven away by some men and boys guarding 
it. He collected a large body of his fellow-countrymen and returned to ac- 
complish the removal of the effigy. Stones were thrown and the wildest dis- 
order prevailed for a time during the brief melee at the intersection of Ferry 
and River streets. John P. Cole was shockingly maimed, and other citizens 
were injured by flying missiles. The mob proceeded along Ferry Street, and 
near the corner of Third knocked down and maltreated a man in a horrible 
manner. An attack was made on Theodorus Valleau's store at that point and 
the building was badly damaged. Richard P. Hart, the mayor of the city, 
attended by other officials, went there, and ordered the rioters to disperse. 

Shortly afterward the store of Amory Felton, on the corner of Ferry and 
Fourth streets, was attacked and nearly all the doors and windows were 
broken. At noon the Citizens' Corps was ordered under arms by the mayor. 
A number of people were seriously hurt by the mob at the intersection of 
Ferry and Fifth streets. Some of the rioters were arrested there, and lodged 
in the jail. The Rev. John Shanahan of St. Peter's Church earnestly exhorted 
the excited Irishmen to retire to their homes and to avoid making any further 
disturbance of the peace. Many heeding his advice quitted the crowded streets. 

In the evening, there was considerable rioting in Fifth Street, south of Ferry 
Street. Stones were agfain thrown and several o-uns were fired. William 
Wallace, Eliza Clohesy, and Joseph Grimes were shot and dangerously 
wounded. Many other persons were hurt. The appearance of the Citizens' 
Corps at the scene of the rioting caused the participants to retire without 
compulsion. About twenty of the ring-leaders were committed to jail. 

The general stagnation in trade and manufacturing in 1837, caused by specu- 
lation in western land, was as apparent in Troy as in other places in the United 
States. Early in the year the reports of the suspension of banks throughout 
the country began to be published in the newspapers, and in a short time the 
gloom of a monetary panic overspread the land. On May 10th, the banks in 
New York City suspended the payment of specie, and the next day those in 



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142 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, and other large cities did the same. The 
hanks of Troy followed their example. The withdrawal of the small silver 
coin from o-eneral circulation occasioned in a short time a wide-spread want of 
money for change. James A. Zander, then discharging the duties of city 
commissioner, issued bills of small denominational value of four classes, i 2!,, 
25, }7i, and 50 cents. The notes, embellished with a picture of a four-pipe 
steamboat, bore the agreement : 

" On demand, I promise to pay to the bearer, cents in New York 

Safety Fund bills, on the presentation of Five Dollars at my office, Troy, 
July 1st, 1S37. "James A. Zander." 

The notes were accepted by the people of Troy and were widely circulated 
for several years. The well-known honesty of James A. Zander, upon whom 
the entire responsibility of their payment rested, was the only guaranty of 
their value. When there was no longer a want for their circulation, they were 
redeemed by the city. A general resumption of specie payments was attempted 
in 1S39, but a large number of the banks in the United States did not succeed 
until about 1843 in doing what the others had done in 1839. 

Captain Frederick Marryat, the English novelist, visited Troy in 1837, and 
in his "Diary in America" wrote as follows of his observations in the city : 
" We have a singular proof, not only of the rapidity with which cities rise in 
America, but also how superior energy will overcome every disadvantage. 
Little more than twenty years ago, Albany stood by itself a large and pros- 
perous city without a rival, but its population was chiefly Dutch. The Yan- 
kees from the Eastern States came down and settled themselves at Troy, not 
five miles distant, in opposition to them. It would be supposed that Albany 
could have crushed this city in its birth, but it could not, and Troy is now a 
beautiful city, with its mayor, its corporation, and a population of 20,000 
souls, and divides the commerce with Albany, from which most of the eastern 
trade has been ravished. The inhabitants of Albany are termed Albanians. 
those of Troy, Trojans! In one feature these cities are very similar, being 
both crowded with lumber and pretty girls. * * * 

" Troy, like a modern academy, is classical, as well as commercial, having 
Mount Olympus on one side, and Mount Ida in its rear. The panorama from 
the summit of the latter is splendid. A few years back, a portion of Mount 
Ida made a slip, and the avalanche destroyed several cottages and five or six 
individuals. The avalanche took place on a dark night and in a heavy snow 
storm. Two brick kilns were lighted at the time, and, as the mountain swept 
them away, the blaze of the distributed fires called out the fire-engines, other- 
wise more lives would have been lost. Houses, stables, and sheds were hurled 
away together. Horses, children, and women rolled together in confusion. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 143 

One child had a very strange escape. It had been forced out of its bed and 
was found on the top of a huge mass of clay, weighing forty or fifty tons ; he 
was crying, and asking who had put him there. Had all the inhabitants of 
the cottages been within, at least forty must have perished ; but notwithstand- 
ing the severity of the weather, the clay being Sunday, they had all gone to 
evening meeting and thus, being good Christians, they were for once rewarded 
for it on this side of the grave. 

" As I surveyed the busy scene below me, the gentleman who accompanied 
me to the summit of the mountain informed me that forty-three years ago his 
father was the first settler, and that then there was but his one hut in the 
place where now stood the splendid town. 

" But the signs of the times were manifest here also. Commerce had 
stopped for the present, and a long line of canal-boats was laid up for want 
of employment. I remained two hours perched upon the top of the moun- 
tain. I should not have staid so long, perhaps, had they not brought me a 
basket of cherries, so that I could gratify more senses than one. I felt be- 
comingly classical whilst sitting on the precise birthplace of Jupiter, attended 
by Pomona, with Troy at my feet and Mount Olympus in the distance. * * * 

" Here again is a rivalry between Albany and Troy, each glorying in pos- 
sessing the largest seminary for the education of young ladies, who are sent 
from every state of the Union, to be finished off at one or the other of them." 

Under the act passed by the Legislature on April 2 2d, 1837, the fourth 
ward was divided into two wards ; that part of it lying north of a line running 
through the middle of Jacob Street becoming the seventh ward. Under the 
same act, those parts of the first and sixth wards, between the lines of Lib- 
erty Street and Canal Avenue, were made the eighth ward. 

On May 14th, 1837, the society, named the Congregation of Jesus Christ, 
was organized by Benjamin Read, James Rumbold, and Joseph W. Ager. 
The first meetings of the Disciples, as they were called, were held in the 
Presbyterian session-house, where now is the brick building, Nos. 71 and y^ 
Fourth Street, south of Broadway. Two years later they were conducted in 
the school-house on the south-east corner of Fourth and State streets. Dex- 
ter Moody, who became a member of the society on May 13th, 1838, erected 
a one-story wooden church on the west side of North Second Street, between 
Jay and Vanderheyden streets, in which the services of the congregation were 
held for a number of years. In 1843, Benjamin Read resigned his pastorship 
of the society. On the resignation of Joseph W. Ager as elder, Dexter 
Moody and E. T. Wood were appointed elders, and C. Williamson and Wil- 
liam Lockwood, deacons. The society flourished about a decade of years. 
The first public market established in Troy was opened in March, 1800, in 



144 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

a low wooden building, about twenty feet wide and sixty long, erected in the 
middle of State Street, midway between First and Second streets. The 
hooks and ladders of the fire department were hung on the north and south 
sides of the structure, under the projecting roof. 

The trustees of the village, having purchased on August 15th, 1806, lot 191, 
on the north-west corner of Third and State streets, advertised their " wish to 
contract for the removal of the publick market " to it. The intention of trans- 
ferring the old building to the lot was however abandoned, and a new market- 
house was erected on it that year ; the old one having been sold for $50. 

In 1812, two other markets were established by the trustees; one in the 
northern and the other in the southern part of the village. In 1828, a build- 
ing was erected on the site of the Hugh Ranken Steam Fire-Engine House, 
on the south side of Federal Street, for the North Market, and the same year, 
another on the north-east corner of Second and Division streets, for the South 
Market. That year, the market-house or houses o4 the north-west corner of 
Third and State streets began to be called Center Market. It then included 
two wooden buildings. The one, fronting on Third Street, used for a meat- 
market, was a weather-boarded structure with doors and windows ; and the 
other, adjoining it on the north side of State Street, in which butter, eggs, 
fish, and vegetables were exposed for sale, was an open building. An alley- 
way, about twenty feet wide, running from Third Street to the alley west of 
it, separated Center Market from the four wooden engine-houses built on the 
north side of it. The engine-house of the Washington Volunteer Fire Com- 
pany stood about five feet west of the line of Third Street, an inclined plat- 
form of boards extending from the doorway fronting it to the street. The 
next engine-house, adjoining it on the west, was that of Neptune Engine 
Company, No. 2; the next that of Premier Engine Company; and the next 
on the alley, on the west, the house of Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1. 
The doors of the two engine-houses, between the Washington Volunteer Fire 
Company's engine-house and the Hook and Ladder Company's building, 
opened on the alley running along the north side of Center Market. The 
firemen humorously designated the site of the engine-houses by the name of 
" Cow Place." 

In 1829, the hall on the upper floor of the North Market was occupied by 
" the African School." On July 6th, that year, the Troy African Association 
celebrated there the third anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the state 
of New York. 

To provide the public with more desirable conveniences in marketing, the 
city, in 1839-40, erected the two brick buildings, the Fulton Market on the 
site of the ship-yard, on the south-west corner of River and Elbow streets, and 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



'45 



the Washington Market, on the two lots, on the south-west corner of Second 
and Division streets, purchased on August 31st, 1839. ^ n tne latter part of 
May, 1 84 1, the two markets were opened to the public. In each building, on 
the second story, was a large hall available for public meetings. 

In October, 1843, tne erection of a two-story brick engine-house, on the site 
of the Second Precinct station-house, was begun. On its completion, the 
fire apparatus in "Cow Place" was housed in the new building, the rooms on 
the second floor being used for fire-company meetings. Engine Company, 
No. 1, housed its apparatus in the rooms designated No. 21 State Street; 
Neptune Engine Company, No. 2, in room No. 23 ; Washington Volunteer 
Company, in room No. 25 ; and Hook and JLadder Company, in room 




TROY EPISCOPAL INSTITUTE, 1839. 

No. 27. The building was transferred to the use of the Capital Police on 
August 2d, 1865. The present Second Precinct station-house was erected 
in 1878. 

On the establishment of Fulton and Washington markets, a number of or- 
dinances were passed by the Common Council to regulate the sale of meats 
and vegetables in the city. On April 19th, 1866, that part of Grand Division 
Street, west of Fifth Street, including Franklin Square, and that part of Con- 
gress Street, west of Seventh Street, including Liberty Square, were designated 
as places for the vending of meats, poultry, vegetables, and fruit exposed in 
vehicles. 

The Fulton Market building, and its site fronting one hundred and twelve 
feet on River Street, and extending to the river, were sold by the city, on 
Monday afternoon, August 4th, 1S79, for $61,000, to William H. Frear. 

In 1838, the Rev. William F. Walker, rector of Christ Church, established 
19 



146 



TROTS ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



the Troy Episcopal Institute, on the east side of Eighth Street, between 
Federal and Jacob streets. It was his intention at first to teach only twelve 
boys, but " finding that this limited number would not justify the employment 
of the assistants necessary to secure thorough instruction in every branch of 
literature and science, he altered his plans and arrangements," and had the re- 
quired buildings erected under his immediate supervision. A corps of highly- 
qualified teachers was secured to take charge of the different departments of 
instruction. On April 13th, 1839, the institution was incorporated. That 
year seventy boys attended it. The school was closed in 1S41. 

By the act passed by the Legislature, on April 2d, 1838, the annual election 
of city officers was changed from the second Tuesday in May to the first 
Tuesday of March ; the first being held on the first Tuesday in March, 1839. 




VIEW OF TROY FROM MOUNT OLYMPUS, 1S4I. 

At the time of the construction of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad, 
the citizens became interested in that of the Utica and Schenectady Railroad, 
hoping to have the latter road extended to Troy. Their expectations were 
however disappointed, for the people of Albany, supported by capitalists in 
New York City, successfully opposed the extension of the road to Troy. 
Unwilling to have the city dispossessed of the trade of Western New York, 
they projected the Schenectady and Troy Railroad, and, on May 21st, 1S36, 
obtained the passage of the act incorporating the company, which began, in 
1840, the construction of the road between the two places. The road was 
built by the city, which issued bonds to the amount of $649,142 to pay for its 
construction. 

The track, from Green Island to the higher ground south of Cohoes, was 
laid on trestle work. Trains began running on the road in November, 1842 ; 
the cars being drawn by horses across the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad 
bridge to the office on River Street. After the completion of the road a car 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 147 

was taken by the westward trains as far as the station at Cohoes where it was 
detached. Passengers were conveyed in it to the bridge at Green Island, the 
car descending the grade without the use of an engine. Thence the car was 
drawn by horses to the station in Troy. In May,. 1843, the track was extended 
along River Street from the Troy House to State Street to enable the cars of 
the two roads to deliver and receive passengers and freight directly at the 
steamboat landing. 

The ticket office of the Schenectady and Troy Railroad Company and that of 
the Troy and New York Steamboat Association were in the building No. 199 
River Street, now the drug and chemical store of Robinson, Church, & Co. 
Through the building a long passage extended from River Street to a flight 
of broad steps descending to the steamboat wharf, made for the convenience 
of passengers arriving and departing in the cars and steamboats. 

The steamboat Troy, 294 feet long and 61 wide, built at a cost of $100,000, 
began plying between New York and Troy, on July 17th, 1840. The Empire, 
330 feet long and 30A wide, having 360 berths and 72 state-rooms on her deck, 
began running between the two cities on May 17th, 1843. 

The Schenectady and Troy Railroad contributed no little to the prosperity 
of the city and its transportation lines. "This road," the Troy Daily Whig, 
of May 6th, 1844, remarks, "is doing a far better business than it did at a 
corresponding period of last year. The cars arrive and depart daily with 
hundreds of passengers brought to and taken from the depot by the first-class 
steamers which form two daily lines between the city and New York, and by 
other conveyances in every direction. Our brethren of the press make fre- 
quent notices of this road." 

The Buffalo Gazette commending it to the public remarks : " The Trojans 
are proverbial for their enterprise and public spirit. Every thing which they 
take hold of 'goes ahead.' For two or three years past they have been en- 
deavoring to compete with Albany for the western travel to New York and 
the East. For this purpose a railroad had been constructed to Schenectady 
which intercepts the great Western line at that point and upon the river a 
line of most splendid steamers has been put. Having recently passed over 
this route, we can speak of it advisedly. The railroad is one of the best con- 
structed in the United States, and passes through a section of country abound- 
ing in beautiful scenery. This, with the gentlemanly attention of those in 
charge of the cars — which by the way are superb — being like those of the 
Attica and Buffalo road — renders it a trip of pleasantness and comfort. And 
then upon the noble Hudson! We thought we had seen steamboats on our 
own Erie, and so we have, some of the finest specimens of this class in the 
world. But the boats comprising the Troy Line, being fitted up especially for 



148 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

passengers, surpass in beauty and magnificence any thing we have ever be- 
held in the shape of water craft There is the Buffalo named as a compli- 
ment to our city with the gentlemanly and attentive Captain K. B. Macy. 
She is one ol the most elegant boats on the river. The Swallow, Captain A. 
McLean ; the Troy. Captain A. Gorham, and the Empire, Captain S. R. Roe; 
all well known and popular with the traveling public. The two former com- 
pose the Night Line and the two latter the Day Line. The Empire is the 
longest boat on the river." 

The heavy expense with which the city was burdened by its ownership of 
the Schenectady and Troj Railroad caused a number of the citizens to peti- 
tion the Common Council to dispose of it for as large a sum as could be ob- 
tained for it. (hi July 1st. 1852, the Hon. George Gould, mayor of the city, 
presented the petition of Henry Vail, Benjamin Marshall. George M. Tibbits, 
and eighty-five other citizens reviewing the objects contemplated in the con- 
struction of the road and requesting the Common Council to sell it as a means 
of relief to the city from the burden of its support. On motion of Jonathan 
Edwards, alderman oi the eighth ward, the matter was referred to a Commit- 
tee of nine persons, three representing the Common Council : Gilbert Robert- 
son, jr., recorder. Alexander G. llalsted and Jonathan Edwards, aldermen ; 
three, the directors of the Schenectady and Troy Railroad : Russell Sage, 
Thomas Symonds, and John S. Lie; three, the citizens: David Buel, jr., 
Joseph M. Warren, and Jacob L. Lane. The mayor was afterward added to 
that part oi the committee representing the Common Council. 

t)n January 6th, 1853, the committee reported that in their opinion it was 
advisable that the road should be sold at any reasonable price anil recom- 
mended the appointment of a committee having power to sell the road for a 
sum not less than $:oo,ooo. 

At the meeting of the Common Council, on January 24th. 1853, tne report 
of the committee was accepted, and on motion oi General George R. Davis, 
alderman of the eighth ward, the Hon. George Gould, mayor, Gilbert Robert- 
son. jr., recorder, Jonathan Edwards and Loster Bosworth. aldermen. Russell 
Sage, and IX Thomas Vail, were appointed .1 committee with power to nego- 
tiate and make a sale oi the stock, franchise, and property of the Schenectady 
and Troy Railroad, at the best price they could obtain, but not for a sum less 
than $200,000. Thereupon the mayor presented an agreement executed by 
the committee with E. Ik Morgan for the sale of the road for $200,000. on 
March 1st. 1853, at which time the purchasing part) was to pay $50,000 to 
the city, and the remainder in fourteen years from that date, with 6 per cent, 
semi-annual interest, after March 1st, 1858. The purchasing party, according 
to the agreement, was also to put the road in good condition and maintain it 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YE IRS. 1 49 

thereafter to fulfill the city's agreement with the Troy Union Railroad Com- 
pany. The sale of the road was then confirmed by a vote of fourteen aye 
three nays, and the mayor ordered to execute the required papers. 

The Troy Exchange Bank was organized on December 7th, 1838, under the 
general banking law, with a capital stock of $100,000. The articles of asso- 
ciation were filed in the Rensselaer County clerk's office on December 27th, 

1838. The subscribers to the stock were X. Church, 600, and C. H. Reed, 
400 shares. As projected the bank was to begin business on January 1st, 
[839. The institution, it seems, never transacted any business in Troy. 

The Howard Trust and Banking Company began business on February 1st, 

1839, at No. 10 First Street. The first directors of the institution were Wil- 
liam Howard, Harrison Durkee, and Isaac B. Hart. William Howard was 
chosen president, and George Q. Pomeroy, cashier of the company. In 1840, 
the company occupied a part of the building, No. 205 River Street. In 1843, 
it discontinued business, paying all its liabilities. 

The Commercial Bank of Troy organized under the general banking law of 
the state, began business in August, 1839, at ^°- 5 2 Second Street, north of 
the: Mansion House, with a capital of $200,000. The first directors were : 
Benjamin Marshall, Elias Plum, John D. Willard, Latham Cornell, Joseph 
Russell, Klias Dorlon, S. W. Britton, T. Mann, J. G. Bacon, E. Carpenter, 
John W. Bates, Charles FI. Kellogg, and E. F. Grant. Robert I). Silliman 
was president of the bank from 1839 to 1847. In 1842 the bank was removed 
to No. 1 Franklin Square, and in the spring of 1846 to the room on the north 
side of the hall of the Athenaeum Building, Xo. 10 First Street. It continued 
business until 1862, when it closed its accounts, paying nearly 180 per cent on 
its stock. 

Subsequent to the conflagration of 1820, no large fire prevailed in the city 
until Sunday afternoon, June 6th, 1841, when eleven buildings, all wooden ex- 
cept two, which were brick, standing on the west side of River Street, bet v. 
Fulton Market on the north and Haight, Gillespy, & Co.'s store on the south, 
were burned. 

The landslide of Saturday evening, Xovember 14th, 1840, and that of the 
following Monday carried to the base of the western declivity of Mount Ida 
large masses of clay. The first one demolished a small dwelling from which 
the inmates escaped unhurt. On Friday afternoon, February 17th, 1843, 
another destroyed ten buildings and killed fifteen people. 

For the spiritual benefit of the boatmen, the religious society known as 
"the Bethel Free Congregation of the City of Troy" was organized at the 
Franklin House, on August 6th, 1832, by the election of Gurdon Grant, Joseph 
f I. Shipherd, Asa Eddy, Charles W. Gilbert, Orlando Montague, and Ebenczer 



150 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Bell, trustees. Ten days later, the lot on the north-west corner of Fifth and 
Elbow streets was purchased, and a weather-boarded building, called the 
" Bethel," was erected on it. The Rev. Fayette Shipherd became the pastor 
of the congregation, and was installed in March, 1833. That year the congre- 
gation numbered seventy-one members ; seventeen of whom had taken letters 
of dismission from the First Presbyterian Church. The Rev Fayette Ship- 
herd, having organized the mission in 1832 under the auspices of the Presby- 
terian churches, resigned the charge of the congregation in September, 1834. 
In the latter part of May, 1836, when the Rev. John Gray was pastor of the 
church, Theodore D. Weld, a distinguished philanthropist, began lecturing at 
" the Bethel," on the subject of negro slavery in the United States. At that 
time most of the people of Troy were opposed to the abolition of slavery in 
the Southern States and those favoring it were considered inciters of political 
strife and disturbers of the peaceful relations existing between the North and 
the South. The writer of a communication, published by one of the city 
newspapers, called attention to the lectures on the subject at "the Bethel" 
with the following intemperate observations : 

" One of the newly delegated emissaries has been sounding his tocsin at the 
Bethel Church during the past week and announces his intention of continu- 
ing his efforts the present week at the First Presbyterian Church. He is said 
to be equal to the English emissary Thompson in virulence of declamation 
but to fall far below him in subtlety of argument. It is not our purpose how- 
ever to speak of the merits of the individual who has assumed the office of 
converting this community to abolitionism." 

The strono-ly-worded article was highly inflammatory, and no doubt expressed 
the opinions of some of the pro-slavery people, who, on the afternoon of June 
2d, mobbed the fearless lecturer in the Bethel Church while addressing a large 
audience of men and women. In the noise and confusion attending the at- 
tempt to suppress the speaker's freedom of speech, Henry Z. Hayner, a promi- 
nent lawyer, seized the leader of the mob, at the foot of the pulpit, and held 
him by the throat until he was black in the face. He then took the unharmed 
philanthropist from the circle of his defenders and conducted him to a place 
of escape. 

The Rev. William Bacon became the pastor of the church in 1837. He was 
succeeded in 1839 °v the Rev. Fayette Shipherd as a stated supply, who then 
began preaching his belief in " the doctrine of sinless perfection in the pres- 
ent life." He became " very censorious," and bitterly denounced " those who 
did not embrace his views." " A very unhappy state of things ensued," 
which lasted until 1842, when he severed his pastoral relations with the church, 
and with some of the members organized the " Congregational Free Church 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 151 

of the City of Troy." In October, 1843, its members began the erection of 
a small wooden building for a house of worship on the east side of Seventh 
Street, between* Albany and State streets. The zealous pastor of the church, 
the Rev. Fayette Shipherd, is thus described by a writer in recent years: 

" He organized the church, supervised personally the building of its house 
.of worship, [on Seventh Street], built a residence for himself at No. 44, on the 
same street, taught two years an academic school in the basement of the 
church, and gave the entire proceeds to pay bills ; and made the church a for- 
tress of reform, anti-rum, anti-slavery, and anti-wickedness in high places. One 
of the foremost pastors of the city called on him privately, and ended a long 
and cordial visit by saying : ' Brother Shipherd, you know I cannot have pub- 
lic fellowship with you as I would. Among the leading members of my church 
are brewers, distillers, and politicians who would shut my pulpit against me in 
a moment if I should avow the sympathy with your course which you know I 
feel. I would give my right hand if I could but preach as you do ; if I dared 
to preach what I know what my people need. But one word of this openly 
confessed would end my career in a day.' 

" Those were peculiarly days of severe moral trial, and Mr. Shipherd made 
a record there which no other pastor in the history of your city has been 
called to parallel as the courageous champion of unwelcome but needed truth, 
The ' Free Church,' as the Seventh Street edifice was commonly called, was 
mobbed again and again and again when such men as Gerrit Smith, Abel 
Brown, James C. Birney, Henry Highland Garnett and others spoke in it, 
and 1 well remember how just before midnight once the mob surrounded Mr. 
Shipherd's house demanding Abel Brown that they might tear him limb from 
limb, and how Mrs. Shipherd parleyed successfully with the leaders from the 
frontdoor, while her husband conveyed the meek little minister away through 
the alley." 

In 1849, tne Rev. William B. Brown succeeded to the pastorate of the 
church, which ceased to exist shortly thereafter. The meetinghouse was pur- 
chased by Nathaniel Lee and rented by him to the Ladies' Home Mission. 

On March 1st, 1843, by an act of Legislature, the Bethel Free Church be- 
came the Fourth Presbyterian of Troy. That year it reported 55 members. 
The members of the church disbanded in 1849 m consequence of their " pecun- 
iary inability to support the gospel." 

The Dutch Reformed Congregation, organized about 1843, purchased a lot 
on the corner of Fifth and Albany streets for a site of a church. The mem- 
bers worshiped for a time in the Presbyterian session-house, on the west side 
of Fourth Street, between Albany and State streets. The Rev. Rainsford 
Wells was pastor of the society. It had a short existence. 



152 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The True Wesleyan Methodist Church of Troy, organized in 1844, existed 
as a society a few years. The Rev. Merritt Bates served the congregation 
as a pastor. -The services were conducted in a wooden building, on the south- 
east corner of Federal and Sixth streets. 

Shortly after the construction of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad from 
Albany to Schenectady, in 1831, the building of one from New York to Troy 
was projected. To further the project some of the prominent men of Troy 
united with a number of the principal citizens of Albany in obtaining the pas- 
sage of the act on April 17th, 1832, to incorporate the New York and Albany 
Railroad Company, by which the latter was permitted to construct a railroad 
from the junction of Fourth Avenue and Harlem River, in New York City, 
to a point opposite or near the city of Albany, " with power to continue and 
extend the same to the city of Troy." The building of the road from New 
York was delayed by various causes until later years. Under the act, a track 
was laid in 1840-41 from Greenbush to Troy. It was proposed at that time 
to make the road intersect the West Stockbridge Railroad, at Greenbush, by 
which Troy would have a direct rail connection with Boston, and over the 
Housatonic Railroad with New York.- This project of the people of Troy 
was for a time thwarted by the passage of an act by the Legislature, on April 
nth, 1842, whereby the section of the New York and Albany Railroad, be- 
tween Greenbush and Troy, was not to be used until two hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars, in addition to the moneys previously expended, were actually 
disbursed for the construction of the New York and Albany Railroad, south 
of the north line of Columbia County. By this enactment the people of 
Albany hindered for some years the use of the road between Greenbush and 
Troy, in order to obtain assistance in completing a line of railroad particu- 
larly benefiting themselves. While the use of the extension of the New 
York and Albany Railroad was abandoned, a line of steamboats plied between 
Troy and Greenbush by which passengers and freight were conveyed between 
the two places. 

The demands of the act respecting the expenditure of moneys on the line 
of the New York and Albany Railroad having been complied with, the people 
of Troy obtained on May nth, 1845, the passage of the act to incorporate 
the Troy and Greenbush Railroad Company. On June 12th, that year, trains 
began running on the road. As provided by the charter, the road extended to 
Washington Street, where it intersected the track of the Schenectady and Troy 
Railroad. The cars were drawn by horses over the track on River Street to 
the depot built in 1845, on the site of the Manufacturers' National Bank, at 
the intersection of River and King streets. The railroad office was at No. 
[61 River Street. On June 1st, 1851, the road was leased to the Hudson 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 153 

River Railroad Company ; the Troy and Greenbush Railroad Company re- 
taining the management of the local business between Troy and Albany. In 
July, that year, the Hudson River Railroad Company established an office at 
No. 197 River Street. Through trains on the Hudson River Railroad began 
running between New York City and Troy in December, that year. 

Lines of stages in 1844 ran half-hourly through the day until eight o'clock 
at night from Troy to Albany ; half-hourly to Lansingburgh ; daily to Ben- 
nington, Burlington, and Whitehall; and on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fri- 
days to Greenfield. In 1846, a stage of the Troy and Montreal Line left 
Troy daily for Montreal, reaching the latter city on the fourth day thereafter. 

The transportation lines carrying freight on the river, in 1844, were the Troy 
Tow-Boat Company and the New York and Troy Line, each having nine 
boats, and employing the steamboats, Illinois, Swiftsure, Pennsylvania, Oliver 
Ellsworth, Sandusky, James Fairlee, Commerce, and Indiana. 

The John Mason and the Jonas C. Heartt plied at that, time as passenger- 
boats between Troy and Albany. 



CHAPTER X. 

RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR ORGANIZATIONS. 
1 844- 1 86 1. 

THE Christian character of the founders of Troy manifested itself in 
many noticeable ways. The high standard of morality maintained by 
them and the later settlers was seldom marred by crime or vice. Sun- 
day was observed as a day of rest and religious services. The churches grew 
and multiplied. Of the twenty-four religious societies in the city in 1844, six 
were Presbyterian, four Episcopal, four Methodist, three Baptist, and two 
Roman Catholic. 

The erection of the Church of the Holy Cross, begun that year, was a 
worthy sequence of a Christian woman's purpose. In 1S15, Phebe, the wife 
of Eliakim Warren, formed in St. Paul's parish a Saturday sewing-school for 
poor girls which she conducted until her death in 1835. Her daughter-in-law, 
Mary, the wife of Nathan Warren, then took the management of the school, 
which she changed in 1839 to a charity day-school. Having in contemplation 
the erection of a church free to all who might attend the services conducted 
in it, she, by the advice of the Rev. Robert B. Van Kleeck, rector of St. Paul's 
parish, selected a plat of ground on the east side of Eighth Street, at the head 
of Grand Division Street, as a suitable location for the edifice. The corner- 
stone of the building was laid on St. Mark's Day, April 25th, 1844, by the 
Right Rev. Benjamin Tredwell Onderdonk, bishop of New York. On the 
leaden box, containing a copy of the Holy Bible and one of the Book of Com- 
mon Prayer, placed in the cavity of the stone, was inscribed : "The Church of 
the Holy Cross was founded in the year of grace, 1844, by Mary Warren, as a 
house of prayer for all people, without money and without price. Glory be 
to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. Amen." The first 
services conducted in the building were those at Christmas, that year; the 
Rev. John Ireland Tucker, then a deacon, officiating. 

The girls' day-school was incorporated by an act of Legislature, passed 
March 19th, 1846. By it, Mary Warren, (the foundress,) Nathan B. Warren, 
Stephen E. Warren, George H. Warren, (her sons,) Edmund Schriver, (her 
son-in-law,) the Rev. John Ireland Tucker, and Amos S. Perry, became a cor- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 155 

porate body by the name of " The Warren Free Institute of the City of Troy," 
for " the purpose of maintaining and conducting a free school * * * for 
the instruction of indigent female children in the elementary branches of Eng- 
lish education, in music, needlework, and other useful employments, and of 
maintaining a place of worship for the gratuitous use of the pupils of the said 
school " and the families to which they belonged, and of others who might 
attend the same. The school was then occupying the Van der Heyden 
mansion, on the south-west corner of Eighth and Grand Division streets. 

The church was consecrated, on Wednesday, December 6th, 1848, by the 
Right Rev. William Rollinson Whittingham of Maryland, who was perform- 
ing episcopal duty in the diocese at the time. The instrument of donation 
was presented to the bishop by Stephen E. Warren, and read by the Rev. John 
Ireland Tucker. The sentence of consecration was read by the Rev. Benja- 
min I. Haight, D. D., Professor of Pastoral Theology and Pulpit Eloquence in 
the General Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in New 
York City. The Rev. Robert B. Van Kleeck, of St. Paul's Church, the Rev. 
Samuel L. Southard, of Calvary Church, New York City, the Rev. Richard 
Cox, of Zion Church, New York City, the Rev. Reuben Hubbard, of St. Ste- 
phen's Church, Schuylerville, assisted in the services. The sermon preached 
by the bishop was an able vindication of " the practice of consecrating edi- 
fices to the worship of God." 

On the following morning, Thursday, December 7th, the Rev. John Ireland 
Tucker was admitted to the priesthood by Bishop Whittingham and became 
rector of the Church of the Holy Cross. 

The rectory, on the north side of the church, was built in 1857. In 1859, 
the church was enlarged by the addition of the ante-chapel. 

On April 5th, 1859, the name of " The Warren Free Institute" was changed 
by an act of Legislature to " The Mary Warren Free Institute of the City of 
Troy." The act provided that a fourth of the income of the institute might 
be applied for the instruction of male and female children, and a fourth for 
maintaining services in the church. 

The boys' school, of which Joseph D. Lomax, M. D., was head master for 
a number of years, remained in the Van der Heyden mansion until the build- 
ing was burned on May 10th, 1862. A dwelling on Federal Street was then 
used for the girls' school until the latter occupied the school-building, on the 
south side of the church, erected in 1862, which was formally opened on Jan- 
uary 1st, 1863. 

The church was handsomely improved by the lengthening of the chancel 
in the summer of 1889 ; Dr. Nathan B., Stephen E., and George Henry 
Warren, defraying the expense of building the addition to the edifice. The 



156 TROTS ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

enlarged chancel was consecrated on the afternoon of December 24th, by the 
Right Rev. William Croswell Doane, bishop of Albany. On that occasion 
the choristers of the church wore for the first time an ecclesiastical habit ; 
the male singers wearing purple cassocks and white cottas, and the female, 
red cloaks and black caps. 

The architecture of the three graystone buildings is Gothic. The children 
of Mary Warren were the donors of the organ, the chime of bells, and the 
richly-colored windows. Mary C, the wife of George Henry Warren of 
New York City, presented, in 1876, the elaborate brass lectern, a facsimile of 
the one in Exeter Cathedral, England, in memory of her mother, Mary Whit- 
ney Phoenix. Edward M. Green gave, in 1889, the brass corona in memory 
of his mother, Mrs. Hannibal Green. A stone tablet, set in the west wall of 
the ante-chapel, is lettered : " This church, free to all people, was founded 
by Mary, widow of Nathan Warren, A. D., MDCCCXLIV. The ante- 
chapel, contemplated by the founder, was built by her children as a memorial 
of their venerated mother, who, on the YIII day of February, A. D., 
MDCCCL1X, in the LXX year of her age, entered into that rest which re- 
maineth to the people of God." 

The Church of the Holy Cross was one of the earliest of the free churches 
of the Episcopal Communion built in the United States. In it was first in- 
troduced the choral service, mainly through the influence and liberality of 
Dr. Nathan B. Warren. The choristers who first chanted it had been trained 
by William Hopkins, the organist of the church and instructor of music in 
the institute. No Episcopal church in Troy has been served so long and so 
acceptably as the Church of the Holy Cross by the Rev. John Ireland Tucker, 
D. D. Religiously, educationally, musically, and socially his services and 
culture have exercised a wide and elevating influence in the city, where for 
nearly a half century he has devotedly performed the duties of a clergyman. 
The Rev. Peter Havermans, in charge of St. Peter's Church, desiring to 
provide the Irish people residing in the south part of the city with a conve- 
nient building in which to engage in religious services, obtained in 1843 tne 
sanction of Bishop Hughes to collect moneys to build a church there. On 
May 27th, the trustees of St. Peter's Church purchased the lot on the north- 
east corner of Third and Washington streets, on which shortly afterward the 
erection of St. Mary's Church was begun. On June 29th, the Very Rev. 
John Powers, vicar-general of New York, laid the corner-stone of the brick 
edifice, and, on August 15th, 1844, consecrated the church, which became the 
property of the trustees of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church of Troy. The 
large organ, built by Henry Erben of New York, cost $2,200. The clock in 
the church tower was made by Phelps & Gurley. 



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158 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The Rev. Peter Havermans was the second Roman Catholic priest in the 
United States to manifest his and his parishioners' loyalty to the government 
by placing- a United States flag on his church at the beginning of the Civil 
War, and keeping it floating there until the close of the rebellion. Having 
officiated from June 3d, 1842 to 1S45 as pastor of St. Peter's Church, he in 
the latter year took charge of St. Mary's Church. Although eighty-four years 
of ao-e he still officiates daily in the services of the congregation. His pastor- 
ate has been the longest of any minister of a church in Troy, and one of many 
active duties and exemplary works of charity and self-denial. 

A number of citizens having invited, in 1831, the Rev. Addison Brown, a 
oraduate of the Theological School at Cambridge, Mass., to preach in Troy on 
the subject of Unitarianism, met in the hall above the North Market, in Fed- 
eral Street, and listened to the discourse which he had prepared for the occa- 
sion. The project of organizing a church was then favorably considered and 
a meetino- was held there on November nth, at which James A. Zander, 
David W. Wheeler, John Hastings, Isaac Chapman, Francis O. Dorr, and 
William Follet were elected trustees of the organization, which thereby 
became incorporated under the name of "The First Unitarian Society of 
Troy." For a number of Sundays thereafter the Rev. Addison Brown preached 
to its members in the court-house. The small society, it seems, continued to 
worship there until some months later when its members lost their interest in 
maintaining it. 

In 1845, the Rev. Henry F. Harrington, pastor of the Unitarian Church in 
Albany, having written to an acquaintance in Troy that he would come and 
preach in the city should the persons desiring to hear him secure a suitable 
room, William Hagen, George Wells, and George Cross obtained the use 
of the mayor's court-room in the court-house, in which he preached on Sun- 
day, June 1 st, afternoon and evening. On Friday, June 20th, a meeting of 
those favoring the organization of a Unitarian society was held in the 
mayor's court-room. Thomas Coleman, George Wells, and George Cross 
were appointed an executive committee to have direction of the affairs of the 
conorea-ation. In July, a subscription was circulated to obtain money to pur- 
chase a building in which regular services could be held. On August 19th, 
the Presbyterian session-house, on the west side of Fourth Street, between 
Broadway and State Street, was purchased for $2,500 for the use of the so- 
ciety. The Rev. John Pierpont, having accepted the call given him, became 
pastor of the congregation in August. On October 1st, the society was in- 
corporated ; Thomas Coleman, Ammi Brewster, Luke Bemis, George Wells, 
E. B. Strout, H. Z. Hayner, A. K. Hadley, George Cross, and Franklin Cum- 
mino-s beine elected trustees of " The First Unitarian Society of the City of 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



*59 



Troy." On the afternoon of November 14th, the chapel was dedicated ; the 
dedicatory sermon being preached by the Rev. H. F. Harrington. In the fall 
of 1846, the edifice was enlarged. In December, 1874, the building was sold. 
The society, having undertaken the erection of a brick church on the lot on 
the south-west corner of Fourth and State streets, previously occupied by the 
Quaker meeting-house, worshiped in Green's Building, on the south-east cor- 
ner of Broadway and Fourth Street. On Thursday, May 20th, 1875, the 
corner-stone of the church was laid. The building was dedicated December 
15th, that year. 

The planting of poles for extending the wire of the Morse Magnetic Tele- 
graph Line between Troy and Whitehall was begun in June, 1846. The room 
on the north side of the basement of the Athenaeum, on First Street, was 




TROY MUSEUM BUILDING, 1846. 
(North-east cor. River and State streets. Stores of G. V. S. Quackenbush and Dennis M. Fitch.) 

rented as an office by the company controlling the line On Friday morning, 
July 24th, that year, the first telegram transmitted from Troy was sent to 
Saratoga Springs. The first message from Troy to Buffalo was telegraphed 
on Thursday, August 6th, the same year. Moses Johnson, the first superin- 
tendent of the Troy station, was succeeded on the following day by William 
C. Buell. On October 6th, that year, the first telegram from New York to 
Troy, by the way of Boston, was received. 

On July 3d, 1843, a committee of a number of the members of the Method- 
ist Church, in State Street, was appointed to consider the propriety of erecting 
a meetinghouse in the south part of the city. In December, the class-leaders 
and stewards of the church resolved to pay William Barrett fifteen dollars for 
the use of his house, until May 1st, 1S44, for "preaching, prayer-meetings, 
and a Sunday-school." A committee was appointed at the same time to ob- 



160 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

tain subscriptions to build a church in that part of the city. In order to make 
the proposed society an incorporated body, George Christie, Joseph Carlin, 
William Barrett, Daniel Hudson, and Enoch Hunt were elected, on March 
4th, 1844, trustees of "The Third Street Methodist Episcopal Society of the 
City of Troy." In October, a Sunday-school was organized by the founders 
of the society, who, in 1845, purchased a lot on the north-east corner of Third 
and Monroe streets for the site of a house of worship. A small wooden 
building was erected, which was dedicated on Christmas, 1847, by the Rev. 
Charles Pitman, D. D. In 1850, the society became a separate charge, 
and the Rev. Cornelius R. Ford was appointed pastor of it. It was in 
1 85 1, in charge of the Rev. J. W. Belknap, who also served the Levings 
Chapel society that year as pastor. In 1873, the church was enlarged ; the 
wooden part of the first meeting-house having been raised and a brick base- 
ment built under it. In 1877, the society had so small a number of members 
that no appointment was made by the conference for it. In 1879, it took the 
name of Wesley Chapel and was united with the present church in State 
Street. In the spring of 1884, the society was reorganized by the zeal and 
labor of Daniel Klock, jr., who, from May, 1879, na -d been the superintendent 
of the Wesley Chapel Sunday School. In 1886, the original name of the 
organization, the Third Street Methodist Episcopal Society, was revived. On 
June 7th, 1889, the society purchased of the city four lots on the east side of 
Third Street, between Madison Street and Canal Avenue, on which it con- 
templates erecting a brick church. 

The organization of the seventh society of Methodists in Troy was effected 
in 1846. As recorded, " The Methodist Episcopal Church in Congress Street, 
Troy, N. Y., was organized in the" month of October, 1846, in the following 
manner : ' Several persons from the State Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 
and the North Second Street Methodist Episcopal Church, came with certificates 
from the pastors of those churches to the Rev. Oliver Emerson, pastor of the 
Third Street Church, and wished to come under his care and to be formed 
into a class to meet in Congress Street, Ida Hill. They were received and a 
class was formed under the care of Stephen Monroe and William H. Rob- 
bins.' ' The members of the class who had been attending prayer-meetings at 
the residence of Isaac Hillman, No. 188 Congress Street, met there on Octo- 
ber 28th, and elected Isaac Hillman, Jonathan T. Williams, Stephen Monroe, 
William H. Robbins, and James N. Austin, trustees of the Congress Street 
Methodist Episcopal Church. In the spring of 1847, the Rev. Edward Noble 
was appointed by the Troy Conference to take charge of the Third Street and 
Congress Street churches. In June, that year, a small wooden building used 
by a blacksmith, standing on the south side of Ferry Street, at the intersec- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 161 

tion of Congress Street, was renovated and fitted for a meeting house. As 
soon as the building was furnished with seats, the Sunday-school organized by 
the society occupied it. The meeting-house, familiarly called " the Hemlock 
Church," was too small for the congregation, and the members determined to 
erect a larger one of brick. The site of the present church, on the north side 
of Thirteenth Street, near its intersection with Congress Street, was then 
purchased. 

Some of the members dissatisfied with the action of the others withdrew 
from the society and organized the " True Wesleyan Church," and erected 
a brick meeting house on the site of the Hemlock Church, where after wor- 
shiping for some time, the society ceased to exist. 

The cornerstone of the Congress Street Church was laid in October, 1848. 
Bishop L. L. Hamline of Ohio, assisted by Bishop Elijah Hedding, dedicated 
the edifice, on July 12th, 1849. 1° l %5°< tne society became a separate ap- 
pointment, and the Troy Conference sent the Rev. A. A. Farr to take charge 
of it. A parsonage was erected on the west side of the church in 1853. 
After the enlargement of the church, in i860, it was re-dedicated by Bishop 
Matthew Simpson. In 1880, the edifice was further enlarged and improved. 
Two towers were added to the building, and other attractive features were 
architecturally designed to enhance its attractive appearance. On December 
28th, that year, the church was again re-dedicated, and was given the name of 
Trinity Church. 

The introduction of gas for illuminating purposes was slow and difficult. 
An exhibition of a number of gas-lights was made in Troy in July, 181 8, 
The following advertisement described its novel character : " The subscriber 
[Samuel Willard] informs the citizens of Troy and the public at large that he 
has at a great expense fitted up an apparatus for a splendid and brilliant exhi- 
bition of this wonderful production of chemistry. An invisible, aerial, and 
permanently elastic fluid will be made to burn in the atmospheric air with a 
steady and silent flame, and to afford a soft and most remarkably pleasant 
light. The gas-lights will be exhibited during the whole of the present week 
at Barney's City Coffee House, near the court-house, in Troy. They will ap- 
pear in various fanciful forms, as issuing from common burners, from chande- 
liers, from the beaks and wing's of eagles, from a cross, a crescent, and a fish." 

Some of the citizens favoring the construction of a plant for the manufact- 
ure of illuminating gas, on March 29th, 1825, obtained the passage of "an 
act to incorporate the Gas-Light Company of the City of Troy," by which 
Samuel McCoun, Richard P. Hart, John D. Dickinson, Jedediah Tracy, Gur- 
don Corning, Nathan Warren, George Tibbits, Gilbert Reilay, Elias Pattison, 
James Van Schoonhoven, James Van Brackle, Warren Kellogg, Jeremiah 
21 



162 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS 

Dauchy, John Paine, Ephraim Gurley, Alsop Weed, Gurdon Grant, John 
Gary, and Daniel Southwick were constituted the first directors of " The Troy 
Gas Light Company," which was privileged to possess capital stock not ex- 
ceeding $150,000. The company, it seems, never accomplished the purposes 
of its organization. 

On July 19th, 1847, the people of the city were again invited to inspect the 
illuminating effects of burning gas : "Our citizens will have an opportunity 
of witnessing a beautiful gas-light in front of the court-house this evening, 
about 9 o'clock. It is a different article from that used in Albany and other 
cities. It eives a more brilliant light and has no offensive smell. It is called 
Clutchett's Solar gas, and is manufactured from old grease by a very simple 
apparatus. The Capitol, at Washington, Coleman's Hotel, and numerous other 
public buildings are lighted by the gas. The apparatus will remain at the 
court-house for a number of days, when our citizens will be able to judge the 
merits of the gas as a cheap and beautiful light." 

On the following day, a report of the exhibition appeared in the same news- 
paper : " The front of the court-house was beautifully illuminated last night. 
The light from the gas lamps temporarily placed there was very fine, although 
the evening was not favorable. As it was, the light thrown upon the park 
and surrounding buildings was very brilliant. The Troy Band, always ready 
to encourage matters appertaining to the city's welfare, discoursed some elo- 
quent music in honor of the occasion." 

The act to incorporate the Troy Gas-Light Company was passed by the 
Legislature, February 16th, 1848. The gas works were erected on the east 
side of Hill Street, between Liberty and Washington streets. The capital 
stock was $100,000, of which $11,000 were taken by citizens of Troy, the re- 
mainder by citizens of Philadelphia. The city was first lighted by the gas 
made by the company on October 2d, 1S48. 

In the spring of 1847, the building, on the north-east corner of River and 
Fulton streets, now the Boardman Building, was fitted for the display of a 
large collection of curiosities, and was called the Troy or Peale's Museum. 
It was opened to the public, on Monday, August 23d, that year. The con- 
certs and dramatic performances given by the enterprising manager made the 
museum for many years a popular place of entertainment. The first presen- 
tation of the drama of " Uncle Tom's Cabin" was on the stage of the museum. 
Mrs. George C. Howard, the wife of the manager, took the role of " Topsy." 
The play attracted large audiences and was for many weeks continuously 
repeated. 

Elbow Street was first called Fulton Street in 1847. 

On Monday night, May 1st, 1848, about half-past nine o'clock, a stable in 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 1 6 



J 



the rear of Mechanics' Hall, on the east side of River Street, between Con- 
gress and Ferry streets, was discovered on fire The fire companies were un- 
able to confine the flames, and the buildings west of it were soon burning. 
The firemen of West Troy, Lansingburgh, and Albany actively aided those of 
the city in combating the spread of the fire which consumed all the buildings on 
the east side of River Street, between Congress and Ferry streets, together 
with the McCoun Block on the south side of Congress Street, extending to 
the alley east of River Street, and five large buildings on the west side of 
River Street. It is said that the Albany firemen drew their engine to Troy 
in fifty-five minutes. Seventeen horses of the Troy and Albany Stage line, 
of which John Barney was proprietor, and seven belonging to S. J. & A. C. 
Halstead, occupying Mechanics' Hall, were burned. 

To further the mercantile interests of the city, a number of prominent mer- 
chants and shippers organized, on October 13th, 1849, tne Troy Board of 
Trade. On Wednesday morning, October 17th, its members met for the first 
time on "change," at half-past eleven o'clock, in the hall of the Athenaeum. 
Samples of wheat, corn, flour, and other productions were exhibited and prices 
listed. The meetings of the Board were discontinued in 1876. 

At the time of the construction of the Erie and Champlain canals, Loammi 
Baldwin, an eminent engineer, suggested the practicability of making a canal 
from Boston to the Hudson, at Troy. In 1825, six years later, the Massa- 
chusetts Legislature appointed a board of commissioners to ascertain with him 
the feasibility of undertaking its construction and to report the most direct 
line for its channel. In the following year, the commissioners had 'no hesi- 
tation in deciding in favor of the Deerfield and Hoosac River route" and "of 
a tunnel." " If the expense " exceeded " the other mode of passing the moun- 
tain, a tunnel," they believed, would be " preferable." Shortly afterward, the 
building of railroads having been begun, the project of constructing the canal 
was no longer favored. 

A number of Troy capitalists employed a corps of engineers about the year 
1846 to survey a route for a railroad from Troy to the western boundary of 
the state of Vermont, with a view of reaching Boston temporarily by the way 
of Rutland, and finally through a tunnel in the Hoosac Mountains, by the way 
of Greenfield. Having ascertained the information concerning the cost of 
constructing the road, they applied themselves in obtaining the charter of the 
Troy and Boston Railroad Company, on April 4th, 1848. 

The formal inauguration of the construction of the road took place at Troy, 
on June 6th, 1850. A large procession, civic and military, moved on the 
morning of that day from the court-house to a field, near the line of Glen Ave- 
nue. After several addresses had been delivered by prominent citizens, Gen- 







CO 

-t- 
oo 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 165 

eral John E. Wool, a director of the company, digged the ground with a pick, 
Day O. Kellogg, mayor of the city, the secretary and treasurer of the com- 
pany, shoveled the loosened soil in a wheelbarrow, which Amos Briggs, the 
president, wheeled to a place where he deposited the contents of the barrow. 
After the return of the procession to the city, the officers of the company with 
more than a hundred invited persons partook of a dinner at the Troy House. 

In 1S54. an act was passed by the Massachusetts Legislature "to enable 
the Troy and Greenfield Railroad Company to construct the Hoosac Tunnel," 
to which company the state lent its credit for that purpose to the amount of 
$2,000,000. The project of tunneling through the Hoosac Mountain was 
deemed by many persons to be an undertaking impossible to be accomplished, 
and it was remarked by a newspaper, at the time of its inception, that "nobody 
but the Trojans would think of such an exploit." 

The road of the Troy and Rutland Railroad Company, extending from 
Eagle Bridge to Salem, leased to the Rutland and Washington Railroad 
Company, was opened on June 28th, 1852, and on the evening of that day the 
first passenger-train on the Troy and Boston Railroad, between Eagle Bridge 
and the city, arrived in Troy. On February 9th, 1875, the first train of cars 
passed through the Hoosac Tunnel ; the tunnel being 4! miles long. The 
first passenger-train from Boston, by the way of Fitchburgh, arrived in Troy 
on October 13th, 1S75. The first through train, from the city, left Troy on 
July 17th, 1876, at 7 a. m., and arrived in Boston at 2:30 p. m. 

The consolidation of the Troy and Boston Railroad and the Fitchburgh 
Railroad companies was ratified by the directors of the Fitchburgh Railroad 
Company on January 25th, 1887, and by those of the Troy and Boston Rail- 
road Company, on March 28th, that year. On May 2d, 1887, the Fitchburgh 
Railroad Company took possession of the Troy and Boston Railroad under 
the agreement of consolidation. 

In 1849, the forwarding and transportation lines of Troy had a large num- 
ber of boats, barges, and sailing vessels carrying freight on the river and the 
canals. The Troy Tow-Boat Company and the Troy and Whitehall Towing 
Company, represented by James H. Hooker, at No. 155 River Street, employed 
on the Erie and Champlain canals and on Lake Champlain, one propeller, 
eleven sailing vessels, one hundred and thirty-one boats and barges, eight 
hundred and forty men, five hundred boys, and a thousand horses ; Ide, Coit, 
cc Co., at No. 153 River Street, representing the New York, Troy, Utica, and 
Toledo Line, and the Troy and Erie Line, employed on the Erie Canal eighty- 
four barges, four hundred and fifty-two men, one hundred and fifty boys, and 
three hundred horses ; Griffith P. Griffith, at No. 191 River Street, represent- 
ing the New York and Troy Tow-Boat Line, had on the Hudson forty-eight 



i66 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



boats and barges, one hundred and twenty men, seventy-five boys, and one 
hundred and fifty horses; Silliman & Gardner, at No. 339 River Street, had 
on the Troy Line four sloops, seven barges, and thirty-seven men ; and Wil- 
liam T. Willard, at No. 205 River Street, had on his Troy and Philadelphia 
Line six schooners, seventeen barges, and sixty-four men. 

One of the oldest buildings in Troy, at that time, was the large weather- 



boarded structure on the north-west corner of River and Congress streets. 



It 



I 



I 



I 



'*.' 





PROPElXt 




PAWLING & TEN EYCK STORE. 

(Erected in 1789.) 



was erected in i 789 by Colonels Albert Pawling and Abraham Ten Eyck, and 
occupied in 1 797 by George and Benjamin Tibbits. For many years it was used 
as a forwarding house by Pattison & Hart, Griffith P. Griffith, Elias Pattison, 
James H. Hooker, McManus & Smith, C. W. Farnham, J. L. Blanchard, and 
others. The dryness of the timber with which it was built made it exceed- 
ingly combustible, and when it was discovered on fire, on the evening of June 
25th, 1867, it burned rapidly. Its site was unoccupied until 1888, when the 
present large brick building of Charles A. Brown & Co., was erected on it. 
St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1826-27, on the north-east cor- 
ner of North Second and Hutton streets, was some years later enlarged by a 
brick addition which increased its length to eighty feet. About noon on 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 167 

Tuesday, February 10th, 1848, the church was discovered on fire, and in a 
short time was in ashes. There were insurances of $6,000 on the buildino- 
and $1,000 on the organ. The fire was caused by sparks from a stove-pipe. 
The large brick church, with its finely proportioned clock-tower and steeple, 
now occupying the site of the burned structure, was erected in 1849, and was 
dedicated on December 16th, that year, by the Right Rev. John McCloskey, 
bishop of Albany. 

The proprietors of the Conduit Company of Troy, it seems, supplied the in- 
habitants with water until the construction of a reservoir, in 1833, on the Piscawen 
Kill. On the petition of Stephen Warren, Le Grand Cannon, Philander Wells, 
and other citizens, the Legislature, on April iSth, 1829, passed the act incorpo- 
rating the Troy Water Works Company, with a capital of $250,000. On April 
22d, 1830, the Common Council appointed the mayor, George Tibbits, and 
three aldermen, Townsend McCoun, Stephen Ross, and Jeremiah Dauchy, to 
explore " for a suitable supply of good water for the use of the city, and 
cause the necessary surveys to be made, and to devise a plan, and to make an 
estimate of the expense of bringing the same into the city, and to report the 
same." William Roberts, the city surveyor, having made surveys of the 
springs, on the farm of Benjamin Gorton, east of the city, along the Hoosick 
Road, and of the Piscawen Kill, north of it, the committee, in the following 
summer, presented its report, with a map of the surveys, to the Common 
Council. 

The Troy Water Works Company having consented to surrender its rights 
to the city, an act was passed by the Legislature on March 20th, 1832, per- 
mitting the sale of the property, which was shortly afterward purchased for 
the small sum of $174.34. The " Water Works Committee, George Tibbits, 
mayor, and Townsend McCoun, Stephen Ross, Calvin Warner, Jeremiah 
Dauchy, Benjamin M. Wilson, and Ebenezer Wood, aldermen, having received 
the property, proceeded to obtain the necessary land and the water privileges 
of the Piscawen Kill, in order to construct a reservoir on the stream, where 
now is the distributing reservoir, west of Oakwood Avenue. In the spring of 
1833, the construction of a dam and reservoir was begun, which, on their 
completion in 1834, had a capacity of 448,838 gallons of water, which was 
distributed through the city by about four miles of pipes. Not long afterward, 
the second and third reservoirs were constructed, having an aggregate capacity 
of 1,000,000 gallons. In 1843 an d 1853, other reservoirs were constructed 
on the Piscawen Kill, west and east of Oakwood Avenue. The total cost 
of the Troy Water Works, on March 1st, 1848, was $160,496.37. There 
were then 59,497 feet of pipes through which water was supplied the inhabit- 
ants. 



1 68 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

On September 24th, 183S, a number of persons, designating themselves 
members of the Fourth Methodist Church in Troy, met at their usual place of 
worship and there elected Stephen Frank, William Stewart, Charles Dibble, 
Joseph Carlin, and Philip Hoyle trustees of " Levings Chapel in the city of 
Troy." In 1850, the congregation erected a wooden building on the north 
side of Mill Street, opposite the Albany Iron Works on the Wynants Kill. 
In 1851, the Rev. f. W. Belknap was appointed by the Troy Conference to 
take charge of the society and of the Third Street society. In 1852, the 
Rev. Tobias Spicer was appointed pastor of the congregation of Levings 
Chapel. In 1S53, the Rev. Aaron Hall was assigned by the conference to 
take charge of it and the Albia society. In t86i, the two societies became 
separate appointments, the Rev. S. P. Williams having the appointment to Lev- 
ings Chapel. In 1862, the members of the society numbered one hundred and 
forty. Although the Quarterly Conference some years ago changed the name 
of the society to that of Levings Church, the corporate title, Levings Chapel, 
still exists. 

The manufacture of carriages was one of Troy's early industries. In May, 
181 5, Yeazie & Barnard, coach and carriage makers, had a factory in a two- 
story wooden building, on the south side of Titus' Inn, on First Street. In 
1818, Thomas Williams engaged in the same business there ; Charles Yeazie 
having occupied in May the wooden building on the south-west corner of 
Albany and Second streets, where he manufactured carriages and coaches until 
he removed in 1852 to No. 30 Albany Street and there pursued the business 
until 1836. Orsamus Eaton, in 1820, began making coaches and carriages in 
the building, No. 3 First Street, previously occupied by Thomas Williams. In 
1830, he removed to his new factory on the north-east corner of Albany and 
Sixth streets, where, in the following year, he and Uri Gilbert formed the part- 
nership of Eaton & Gilbert, manufacturers of carriages and stage-coaches. 

The Troy Sentinel, reviewing, on May 8th, 1827, the changes made in the 
construction of carriages for the conveyance of travelers, remarks : 

"The improvement in the mode of conveyance in this country is not con- 
fined to steamboats and the water, as those may well testify who recollect the 
difference between our light, elegant and convenient stage-coaches, with their 
spring seats and easy motion, and the lumbering vehicles which were in use 
for the purpose some twelve or fifteen years ago. We are happy to know 
that the public are indebted to the ingenuity and enterprise of citizens of Troy 
for some of these additional conveniences. The valuable improvement of fix- 
ing a seat over the baggage and a railing around the top of the carriage was 
first introduced, we believe, by Mr. Charles Veazie of this city ; and in one of 
the elegant stage-coaches lately turned out from the shop of O. Eaton, we 



TROVS ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



169 



notice a still further improvement of a similar kind. An extra seat is placed 
on the top of the coach, just behind the seat of the driver. It is thus fixed in 
a more pleasant and agreeable situation, and gives, at the same time, a better 
balance to the load." 

In [830, about fifty post-coaches, and one hundred other carriages, worth 
altogether about $50,000, were made at the works of Charles Veazie and Or- 
samus Eaton In 1S41, Eaton & Gilbert began making passenger-cars for 
railroads, and, shortly afterward, freight cars. They built the first eight-wheel 
passenger-cars run on the Schenectady and Troy Railroad. By the admission 
of Edward O. Eaton into the partnership, the firm, on March 1 8th, 1844, took 




EATON, GILBERT & CO.'s FACTORIES, 1850. 

the name of Eaton, Gilbert, & Co. In 1850, one hundred stage-coaches, fifty 
omnibuses, thirty passenger-cars, and one hundred and fifty freight cars were 
made at the extensive works on Sixth Street, between Albany and Fulton 
streets. More than five thousand stages built in Troy were then in use in the 
United States, Canada, Mexico, and South America. 

By the act of the Legislature, passed on April 17th, 1851, that part of the 
sixth ward bounded by a line running through the center of Polk Street east- 
wardly to the center of the Greenbush Road, thence northerly alono- the center 
line of the road to a point in the north line of the Bumstead farm, thence 
easterly along the north line of the farm to a point in the west line of the 
Rensselaer county poor-house farm, thence northerly along the west line of 
the farm to the northwest corner of the farm, thence northerly to the Hollow 
Road, thence westerly along the center of the Hollow Road to the center of 
the Poesten Kill, and thence westerly along the center of the creek to the 
Hudson River, became the ninth ward. Under the same act, that part of the 
seventh ward, lying north of a line running through the middle of Hoosick 
Street, became the tenth ward. 

On the afternoon of October 28th, 1852, a shed in the rear of a house on 



I 70 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 




the south side of Fulton Street, between Fifth and Sixth streets, was discov- 
ered on fire. The flames spread rapidly and in a short time the adjacent 
buildings and the coach and car works of Eaton, Gilbert, & Co., on the west 
side of Sixth Street, were burning. Besides destroying them, the fire con- 
sumed the buildings known as the Union Place Block, the North Baptist 
Church, and several other structures. The value of the property burned was 
estimated at $52,000. 

The inconvenience attend- 
ing the running of passen- 
ger and freight cars on River 
Street, particularly the draw- 
ing of them by horses, sug- 
gested the removal of the 
tracks to other streets less 
used by merchants and 
tradesmen. To accomplish 
the change, the Legislature, 
on June 20th, 1851, author- 
ized the city and the differ- 
washington square, 1S45. ent railroad companies to 

subscribe for and become the owners of stock for the construction of a 
railroad through the whole extent or some part of the city. Under the 
provisions of the act granting this privilege, the Troy Union Railroad 
Company was organized on July 21st, that year. By an agreement made 
on December 3d, 1852, the city permitted the company to take ground on 
each side of Sixth Street, between Fulton and Albany streets, for "a pas- 
senger-house," and to change the course of Sixth Street between those 
streets, if the company should determine to have a street on one side or 
both sides of "the passenger-house." On March 14th, 1853, the Troy Union 
Railroad Company purchased the property of Orsamus Eaton on Sixth Street, 
between Albany and Fulton streets, for the site of a passenger station. 
The erection of the first station, a brick building, four hundred feet long, 
with an arched roof of one hundred and fifty-one feet span and a rise of 
thirty feet, supported by a succession of wooden trusses two feet wide and 
three high, was begun that year. A new line of track connecting with the 
Troy and Greenbush Railroad in the southern part of the city was laid along 
Sixth Street, where a small stream of water had flowed to the Poesten Kill. 
Another line of track was laid to the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad 
bridge, between the city and Green Island ; the wooden structure being 
widened that year by an addition on the north side. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. I~I 

The opening of the Union Railroad and the new depot was celebrated on 
February 22d, 1854, by a banquet in the upper rooms of the building. A train 
of five passenger-cars, containing three hundred invited guests besides one 
hundred and twenty-five members of the Legislature, came from Greenbush 
and passing through the depot and over the new track of the Troy and Boston 
Railroad as far as Hoosick Street, and then after backing on the Y, at Bridge 
Avenue, to River Street, returned to the depot. Some of the distinguished 
guests made speeches highly complimentary to the enterprise of the citizens 
of Troy. General George R. Davis of Troy, referring to an insinuation he 
had heard had been made by residents of Albany, remarked in his speech that 
it had been said " that Troy had always an ax to grind on occasions like the 
one being celebrated. This," he declared, " was not true for Troy's ax was 
always ground, and had always an edge as sharp as a razor." For a number 
of years the citizens of Troy had celebrated the anniversary of Washington's 
birthday at the Troy House, and had invited on those occasions members of 
the Legislature to the banquets served there. The Albany newspapers hu- 
morously particularized the viands provided by their entertainers by such 
names as "mackerel soup" and "fricasseed herring." The sentiment of the 
toasts often reflected local feeling. At the banquet, on February 2 2d, 1845, a 
citizen offered the following toast: "Our guests. Too strongly armed in 
honesty to decline the hospitality of our city by ' mackerel soup ' editorials ; 
too independent to be driven from an honest purpose by ' fricasseed herring' 
arguments." Another by a guest : " ' Mackerel soup ' and Albany asperity will 
make a pickle to preserve inviolate Troy hospitality." 

A desire of having a Presbyterian Church near Washington Park being 
common to a number of Presbyterians residing in the south part of the city, 
they, in the spring of 1853, began contributing money to build one. In Aug- 
ust the erection of the building was begun on the west side of Second Street, 
between Washington and Adams streets. In July, 1854, a room in the un- 
finished edifice was furnished and services held in it as were the sessions of 
the Sunday-school organized in it. On August 24th, the Troy Presbytery 
(Old School) organized the Park Presbyterian Church with twenty-three 
members. On the following day, the great fire of 1854 occurred, and by it, all 
the families connected with the church, excepting four, were deprived of their 
homes. Flying brands set fire to the building, but it was saved by the exer- 
tions of some of the members assisted by firemen. The impoverished con- 
dition of the members temporarily delayed the completion of the building. 
On December 31st, that year, the church was dedicated. The Rev. Charles 
S. Robinson was called in the spring of 1855 to become the pastor of the con- 
gregation and took charge of it in June. 



1/2 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The manufacture of razor-strops, begun about the year 1836, by Isaac Hill- 
man, at No. 1 go Congress Street, became an important local industry. Large 
numbers of them were sold throughout the United States, and many were 
sent to such distant places as China and Japan. Henry Smith, the noted 
itinerant salesman, became rich by selling them. On the removal of the 
enterprising manufacturer from the city, about the year 1853, the business was 
discontinued. 

In 1847, the Rev. Peter Havermans, having obtained the consent of the 
Right Rev. Bishop Hughes to erect a church south of the Poesten Kill, pur- 
chased in the spring of that year a plat of ground on the north-west corner of 
Fourth and Jackson streets, and on it erected St. Joseph's Roman Catholic 
Church. The corner-stone was laid on May 21st, 1847; the Right Revs. 
Bishops Hughes and McCloskey officiating. In 1848, the property was con- 
veyed to the Society of Jesus for $6,000. On November 6th, 1853, the Right 
Rev. John McCloskey consecrated the church. 

The Market Bank of Troy was organized in January, 1853, with a capital of 
$200,000. The bank began business in September in the Market Bank Build- 
ing, No. 280 River Street. Jeremiah S. Hakes was the first president of the 
institution, and Albert C. Gunnison, cashier. In January, 1865, the bank was 
discontinued ; the National Exchange Bank succeeding to its business. 

The Troy Savings Company was organized June 29th, 1854, under the act 
for the incorporation of building, mutual loan, and accumulating fund associa- 
tions, passed April 10th, 1851. The first officers were Uri Gilbert, president; 
Joseph U. Orvis, vice-president; and John P. Albertson, secretary and treas- 
urer. The office of the company was at No. 18 First Street. The largest 
amount of deposits ever held by the company was $150,000. The accounts 
of the company were closed in 1880. 

The members of St. John's Episcopal Church desiring to erect a more con- 
venient house of worship, obtained, on March 23d, 1849, the consent of the 
trustees of St. Paul's Church to sell the building on the north-west corner of 
Congress and Third streets. Two lots, on the south-east corner of First and 
Liberty streets, were purchased on February 10th, 1853, on which in the spring 
of that year, the congregation began erecting the finely-proportioned brown- 
stone church in which it now worships. On March 14th, that year, the old 
church was sold to Gardner W. Rand for $9,000, under an agreement that it 
should be torn down and not occupied or rented for any purpose whatever 
before its demolition. On Saturday, June iSth, the corner-stone of the new 
edifice was laid by the Right Rev. Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright, provisional 
bishop of New York. On May 31st, 1855, the church was consecrated by the 
Right Rev. Horatio Potter, provisional bishop of New York. About $50,000 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 173 

were expended in its erection. The organ was a contribution of Mrs. George 
M. Tibbits, deceased. The stone steeple was built in memory of Miss Jane 
Porter Lincoln, a former member of the church, by her mother, Mrs. A. Lincoln 
Phelps, of Baltimore, Maryland. In September, 1870, a chime of eleven bells 
was hung in the tower; the gift of different members of the congregation. In 
1873-74, the chapel, at the east end of the church, was enlarged. In the 
spring of 1879, a new organ was purchased. The parish house, south of the 
chapel, built in 1889, is admirably fitted for the uses for which it was designed. 
The Hon. Francis N. Mann, who died on February 8th, 1880, bequeathed $25,000 
to the church; the interest of which is annually used for certain charitable pur- 
poses. Some beautiful memorial gifts adorn the chancel of the church. The 
picture of St. John, on the east wall, was placed there in 1880, in memory of 
Lillian Burdett, by her parents. The brass communion rail was given by Mrs. 
Cicero Price, as also was the carved wooden lectern, the latter in memory of 
her daughter, Cora. The beautiful pulpit of polished brass was contributed 
by W. Stone Smith, in memory of his deceased wife, Fannie Burdett Smith. 
In memory of their son, Joseph L. Gilbert, Uri Gilbert and his wife gave the 
carved chancel chair; and John H. Willard and his wife, the stone font, in 
memory of their son, John Hudson Willard. The brass tablet on the wall, on 
the south side of the chancel, was erected by the vestry " in memory of Francis 
N. Mann, one of the founders, and for fifty years a warden and vestryman of 
this parish." On the wall, north of the chancel, is another, erected in memory 
of Thomas A. Tillinghast, a devout member and faithful officer of the church, 
who died, on June 10th, 1879. The memorials of other deceased members are 
seen in the richly configurated and colored glass of the windows of the church 
and Sunday-school. 

On Friday afternoon, August 25th, 1854, about one o'clock, a brick planing- 
mill, on the south-west corner of Front and Division streets, was discovered on 
fire and an alarm was given immediately. A strong northwest wind was blow- 
ing and the flames quickly spread to the piles of lumber south of the mill. 
The fire consumed all the buildings and lumber west of River Street, from 
Division to Jefferson Street, all the dwellings and structures, west of First 
Street, between Liberty and Jefferson streets, and nearly all the buildings be- 
tween the latter streets along and west of the alley between First and Second 
streets. Among the large structures burned were the Troy and Greenbush 
Railroad Company's freight depot and repair shop, Edgerton, Sheldon, & 
Osborn's (previously Berge's) chair factory, Jones & Hitchcock's bell foundry, 
and Parmenter's machine shop. About two hundred buildings were destroyed, 
and three hundred families deprived of their homes. It was estimated that 
twenty million feet of lumber were also burned. The total loss was estimated 



174 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

at a million of dollars. Fire companies with their apparatus came from Albany, 
West Troy, Cohoes, Lansingburgh, and Waterford, and aided the Troy fire- 
men in opposing the progress of the flames. The sufferers by the fire received 
relief from the citizens and from distant benefactors. 

The originator of the initial branch of Troy's widely-known industry, the 
manufacture of collars, cuffs, and shirts, was the Rev. Ebenezer Brown, a 
Methodist preacher, who, having retired from the ministry, or " located," on 
account of a physical disability, engaged, about the year 1827, in the business 
of a dry-goods merchant at No. 285 River Street, south of the site of Fulton 
Market, or, as he designated the location of the store, "at the corner of River 
Street and the Shipyard." On the organization of the Methodist Missionary 
Society, in 1 819, he was the first minister sent into a missionary field by it, 
having been assigned with a residence at New Orleans, to preach to the French 
people of Louisiana. In 1828, George Jones, now the proprietor of the New 
York 'Fiiiics, came to Troy from Poultney, Vermont, and entered his store as 
a clerk. Concluding that the sale of string-collars then generally worn by 
men could be made a profitable branch of his business, Ebenezer Brown bar- 
gained with a number of women to make, wash, and iron them, and to accept 
such o-oods as were sold by him in payment for their labor. The collars in 
assorted sizes were placed in paper-boxes, sixteen or more inches in length, 
and sold to customers and dealers patronizing him. In 1834, he moved to 
New York City, where he engaged in a commission business as a member 
of the firm of E. Brown & Co. His last residence was in Baltimore, Mary- 
land, where he died, on January 3d, 1S89, at the age of ninety-four years. 

Orlando Montague and Austin Granger, under the firm name of Montague 
& Grano-er, were the first persons in Troy to undertake the manufacture of 
men's linen collars and shirt-bosoms as a special business. In 1834, they occu- 
pied a part of the building, then known as No. 222 River Street, on the site 
of the Hall Building, where they filled orders for dealers in Troy and in New 
York City. In the following year, Independence Starks engaged in the busi- 
ness of making stocks and collars. Some years later, he added a laundry to 
his factory, at No. 66 North Second Street, and laundered there not only his 
own goods but those of other manufacturers. 

In the month of May, 1835, Lyman Bennett, while pursuing his trade as a 
carpenter and living at No. 24 North Third Street, began manufacturing col- 
lars ; his wife cutting the linen and muslin into the shapes desired, and he car- 
rying them to the women employed to do the stitching, washing, and ironing, 
In 1837, he relinquished his trade and devoted all his time to the business of 
collar making. In 1838, he moved his manufactory to No. 308 River Street, 
where he continued the business until 1853, when he moved to No. 344 River 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 175 

Street and entered into partnership with M. W. Hicks, and O. W. Edson, 
under the firm name of Bennett, Hicks, & Edson, linen manufacturers. 

Among the number of early manufacturers of collars, stocks, and shirt- 
bosoms in Troy was Wood Babcock, who, in 1838, as a collar and stock maker, 
occupied the second floor of the building known then as No. 300 River Street. 
In the following year, he became associated with John W. White ; the firm of 
Babcock & White, manufacturing collars at No. 345 River Street. In 1840, 
Jefferson Gardner purchased the interest of Wood Babcock ; the name of the 
firm changing to that of Gardner & White, ready-made linen manufacturers, 
at No. 345 River Street. 

The stocks worn to support the collars tied around the necks of the wearers 
with strings of tape, were made of bombazine or satin, stiffened with hair- 
cloth. The string-collars were followed by those called " Byron " and " Bishop" 
collars. The shirt-bosoms made at the time were known as "dickeys "or 
" shams," and were held in place by strings encompassing the waists and necks 
of the wearers. The collars were generally all linen, except the bands, and of 
two thicknesses, although some were faced with cotton cloth. 

In 1845, the manufacture of shirts in Troy was begun by Lawrence Van 
Valkenburgh, at his shirt and collar factory, on the south-east corner of 
Seventh and Elbow streets. The manufacture of linen cuffs was also begun 
in the city about that time. 

In the winter of 1851-52, Nathaniel Wheeler, of the firm of Wheeler, Wil- 
son, & Co., visited Troy to introduce into the collar, cuff, and shirt factories 
the use of the firm's recently invented sewing machine. Its simple mechanism, 
it seems, did not impress the manufacturers favorably, and they were not in- 
clined to make a trial of the machine. In a letter to the author, Mr. Wheeler 
disclosed the discouraging results of the exhibition of the machine at the 
Mansion House : " I particularly brought the attention of the manufacturers 
of collars and cuffs to the machine, most of whom shook their heads, doubtino- 
the practicability of stitching collars by machinery. Among my visitors was 
Jefferson Gardner, who seeming to be less skeptical, patiently examined the 
machine, and concluded to give one a trial." In the spring of 1852, several 
were sent him to be used in his factory on King Street. His tests of their 
adaptability to collar-work were so satisfactory that he ordered others to be 
sent him. He afterward visited Bridgeport, Connecticut, and purchased a 
half-interest in the sale of the machine in Rensselaer County. Besides using 
about thirty in his own factory, he sold a large number to the other collar manu- 
facturers in the city. The Wheeler & Wilson sewing machines have since that 
time been largely used in the manufacture of collars, cuffs, and shirts in Troy. 
The women, who, before the use of sewing machines in the factories, had been 



t 76 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

earning fifty cents a day in stitching collars and cuffs by hand, were enabled 
to earn with sewing machines, from two dollars to two dollars and fifty cents 
a day. 

In 1855, O. W. Edson, of the firm of Bennett & Edson, was the first of the 
manufacturers in Troy to undertake to operate the Wheeler & Wilson sewing 
machines by steam power. In later years, the use of button-hole machines has 
become quite common in all the factories. 

By the breaking of the ice in the Mohawk River and other streams north 
of the city, the water rose' rapidly in the Hudson, on Saturday, February 7th, 
1857. On Sunday afternoon, about three o'clock, the water in the river began 
rising at the rate of three inches in a minute, and on Monday morning, at seven 
o'clock, the wharves were submerged from twelve to fourteen feet. The cov- 
ered wooden bridge, spanning the second branch of the Mohawk River, be-, 
tween Green Island and Van Schaick Island, was swept from its piers and car- 
ried over the State Dam to the north side of the Rensselaer and Saratoga 
Railroad bridge, between Green Island and the city. The flood, it is said, was 
eighteen inches higher than that of 1832, and consequently there was a greater 
loss of property. On February 12th, the river was again frozen, and people 
crossed it on the ice. 

On the evening of March 17th, 1859, a part of the western declivity of 
Mount Ida slid into Washington Street. St. Peter's College, which was then 
building, at the head of the street, was crushed by the heavy mass of earth that 
fell upon it. The cornerstone of the college had been laid by the Right Rev. 
John McCloskey, on Sunday afternoon, September 19th, 1858. About $12,000 
had been expended in erecting the building. 

The rescue of Charles Nalle, an escaped slave from Virginia, arrested in 
Troy under the provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act, on Friday, April 27th, 
i860, was intensely exciting and courageously accomplished. The indiscreet 
runaway having told the circumstances of his flight from his master's planta- 
tion in October, 1858, a lawyer living at Sand Lake transmitted the informa- 
tion to the owner of the fugitive. The necessary papers for the arrest of 
Nalle, who had been hired as a coachman by Uri Gilbert, were placed in the 
hands of J. L. Holmes, United States Deputy Marshal. The latter 'executed 
the warrant and conducted the hand-cuffed man to the office of Miles Beach, 
United States Commissioner, on the second floor of the Mutual Bank 
Building, on the north-east corner of First and State streets. William Henry, 
a colored man, a friend of the prisoner, having heard of his arrest, secured the 
legal services of Martin I. Towmsend, and went with him to the office of the 
United States Commissioner. Finding that a decision adverse to Nalle's 
freedom had been rendered, Martin I. Townsend immediately drew the papers 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



/ / 



necessary to obtain a writ of habeas corpus to take the fugitive before the Hon. 
George Gould, a justice of the Supreme Court. A report of the arrest at- 
tracted a crowd of interested citizens to the State Street sidewalk, on the 
south side of the Mutual Bank Building, — not a few being colored people. 
To acquaint them with the proceedings, William Henry began relating the 
particulars of the arrest and trial. He feelingly described how Nalle had been 
handcuffed and brought there as a criminal, not for a crime but for his pov- 
erty in not owning his own body, and told how he had been condemned and 
placed in the hands of an officer to be conveyed, shackled and distressed, to a 
southern plantation where he would again be a defenseless victim of cruelty 
and despair. He asked his excited hearers whether they were willing to per- 
mit this innocent and intelligent man to be deprived of his rightful freedom 
and the blessings of liberty which they so highly enjoyed. Meanwhile the 
evidences of a hastily-formed purpose to rescue the prisoner rapidly multiplied. 
A number of colored men pressed themselves into the thronged room where 
Nalle was waiting the service of the papers for a writ of habeas corpus. The 
State Street stairway and hall were filled with the eager friends of the fugitive. 
An old colored woman took a conspicuous position at the window overlooking 
State Street. The police of the city under the command of Timothy Ouinn, 
chief of the force, were ordered to preserve the peace and to quell any dis- 
turbance about the building. At four o'clock, in the afternoon, the papers 
were served ; Marshal Holmes being directed to bring the body of the prisoner 
before Judge Gould at his office, No. 39 Congress Street. While Chief 
Ouinn was descending the stairs closely followed by Nalle, coatless and bare- 
headed, — Marshal Holmes walking on one side of him and Morgan S. Upham, 
deputy sheriff, on the other, — the old colored woman at the hall-window gave 
the preconcerted signal. 

" The scene became instantaneously one of great excitement," as the Troy 
Daily Times relates. " The moment the officers reached the sidewalk, they 
were surrounded by the crowd, the inner circle of which was composed of 
resolute colored men who at once began a vigorous attempt to rescue the pris- 
oner. The city policemen were soon separated from the other officers, and 
left fighting promiscuously in the midst of a crowd perhaps of two thousand 
persons, who were swaying to and fro like billows, shouting, laughing, swear- 
ing, and fighting. Near the corner of State and First streets, Deputy Upham 
was torn from the prisoner, while Marshal Holmes was allowed by mistake 
to proceed with the prisoner as far as Congress Street. The rescuers, per- 
ceiving that the prisoner was not with Deputy Upham, overtook Marshal 
Holmes, who had him in charge, when the fight was renewed with much bit- 
terness. At this juncture, the most conspicuous person was the old colored 
2 3 



I-S TROY'S OXE HUNDRED YEARS. 

woman, who was continually exclaiming. ' Give us liberty or give us death.' 
and with vehement gesticulations urging on the rescuers. Here the scene 
became intensely exciting. Revolvers were drawn, knives brandished, colored 
women rushed into the thickest of the fray, the venerable Moll Pitcher of 
the occasion was fighting like a demon, and the friends of Nalle closing upon 
the officers, fearless and unterrified. The Deputy and Marshal, maimed by 
blows from clubs, chisels, and other weapons, were forced to abandon the 
prisoner ; and shortly afterward Chief Ouinn was also compelled to release 
his hold upon Nalle. Then two picked men seized the prisoner, and ran 
down with him to the foot of Washington Street, where Nalle jumped upon 
the ferry-boat and was carried over to West Troy. On his arrival on the op- 
posite side of the river, Nalle started to run up Broadway, but was soon cap- 
tured and taken up into the second story of a brick building, near the ferry 
dock. Ten minutes had hardly elapsed before the steam ferry-boat, which 
had been taken by storm, landed about three hundred of the rescuers at West 
Troy, among them the ubiquitous Moll Pitcher. The building was stoned, 
and the crowd, rushing up into the room under a fire from the revolvers of 
the West Troy officers, seized the prisoner and escaped with him from the 
building. Nalle, with his devoted friends, tied down Broadway, closely fol- 
lowed by the crowd, and when near the Arsenal wall, was placed in a wagon 
and driven off westward on the Shaker Road. Thus ended the rescue." 

Nalle, having been concealed for a time in the woods near Niskayuna, went 
then to Amsterdam, where he remained until May, when, by subscriptions of 
Uri Gilbert and other citizens of Troy, his freedom was purchased for $650, 
and he again returned to Troy. 

The Sixth Ward Cemetery, on the west side of Yandenburgh Avenue, was 
conveyed by the Troy Iron and Nail Factory Company to the city, on May 
1 ;th, 1836, for a burial place for the use of the people in that part of the city. 
It comprises about an acre of land. 

New Mount Ida Cemetery, on the north side of Pine Woods Avenue, a 
half mile east of Mount Ida Cemetery, was purchased by the city from Henry 
Koon, on October 5th, 1S54. It has an area of fifteen acres. 

St. Peter's Church Cemetery, opposite and east of Oakwood Cemetery, 
is attractively laid out and contains some handsome monuments. The 
grounds, about thirteen acres in extent, were purchased by the Right Rev. 
John McCloskey, bishop of Albany, from Thomas Sausse, on February 
1 ith, 1S5S, for a burial ground for the use of the congregation of St. Peter's 
Church. 

St. Joseph's Cemetery, on the hill overlooking the Hudson, between the 
Poesten and Wynants kills, comprises about thirty-two acres of land, which 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 179 

the Rev. Joseph Loyzance, formerly in charge of St. Joseph's Church, pur- 
chased of Francis N. Mann, on November 1st, i860. The grounds were con- 
secrated on the first Sunday of Advent, that year, by the Right Rev. John 
McCloskey. 



CHAPTER XI. 

EVENTS OF THE CIVIL WAR. 
1 861-1865. 

THE patriotism of the people of Troy was notably displayed when the 
portentious clouds of rebellion began looming in the southern horizon. 
No sooner had some of the disloyal states passed ordinances of seces- 
sion than a number of citizens resolved to volunteer their services to preserve 
the Federal Union. This intention was publicly intimated by one of the city 
newspapers as early as January 2d, 1861, which remarked that the steps they 
were taking to form an infantry company were " in anticipation of the neces- 
sities" that might arise from "a rupture in civil affairs." Having taken 
the name of the Freeman Cadets, they met at the Mansion House on the even- 
ing of January nth to enroll their names and to advance the interests of the 
organization by obtaining equipments and perfecting themselves in the use of 
arms. On January 1 6th, they elected as officers of the company: John W. 
Armitao"e, captain ; George A. Hitchcock, first lieutenant; and Charles H. 
Woodruff, second lieutenant. This body of local soldiery was evidently the 
first purposely organized north of Mason and Dixon's Line to take part in the 
Civil War inaugurated two months later by the bombardment of Fort Sumter. 

The military of Troy at that time comprised the organizations forming the 
Twenty-fourth Regiment of New York State Militia of which Joseph B. Carr 
was colonel ; William H. Lawton, lieutenant-colonel ; George H. Steenberg, 
major, and Levin Crandell, adjutant. The companies were the Columbian 
Guards, Thomas F. Evers, captain; Troy City Rifle Company, Henry Hilke, 
captain; Troy Jackson Guards, James Bowen, captain; Troy Republican 
Guards, Timothy Ouinn, captain; Wool Guards, John Kelly, captain, and the 
Troy City Artillery, Sidney W. Park, captain. The Troy Citizens' Corps, 
commanded by Captain Hamilton L. Shields, was an independent organization. 

One of the memorable incidents of the year was the passage of Abraham 
Lincoln through the city, on Tuesday morning, February 19th, when going to 
Washington to be inaugurated president of the United States. In conse- 
quence of high water in the river great danger attended the plying of the ferry- 
boat between Albany and Greenbush, and as there was no other way of cross- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 1S1 

ing the Hudson at that point it was deemed prudent to convey the president 
elect, his suite, and the delegations escorting him, by a train of six cars to 
Waterford Junction and thence on the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad to 
Troy. Not less than thirty thousand people were in and around the Union 
Depot to welcome the eminent statesman. While the train was crossing the 
bridge between Green Island and the city, a detachment of the Troy City 
Artillery fired a salute of thirty-four guns. As soon as the cars entered the 
station, the cheering multitude began struggrlinor to gfet near the coach in which 
Mr. Lincoln was seated. It was the last car of the train. A plank was laid 
from the rear of it to a platform car that was covered with matting and guarded 
by the Troy Citizens' Corps. Mr. Lincoln crossed on the plank to the open 
car, and on it, the Hon. Isaac McConihe, mayor of the city, in a brief address, 
welcomed him to Troy and tendered him its hospitalities. The president elect, 
having courteously expressed his thanks for the honor paid him, was then 
conducted by D. Thomas Vail, vice-president of the Troy Union Railroad 
Company, to the Hudson River Railroad train ; the rear car of which was en- 
tered from the one on which the addresses had been made. As the train left 
the depot, Mr. Lincoln, standing on the platform of the last coach, bowed with 
uncovered head to the multitude of cheering people. 

The news of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, on Friday, April 12th, 
filled the hearts of the loyal citizens with many exciting fears. Eager to 
strengthen the defensive power of the Government, they began immediately 
to take steps to organize a regiment. On Sunday, the churches had small 
congregations. Nearly all the clergymen referred to the perils threatening 
the existence of the Union and in their prayers implored the guidance of Je- 
hovah in the administration of the affairs of the nation. The Rev. Thomas 
W. Coit, D. D., at St. Paul's Church, and the Rev. Stephen W. Ma.xcy, jr., at 
Christ Church, read the prayer, " In time of war and tumults," to which the 
congregations responded with hearty amens. On Monday, the Stars and 
Stripes were streaming above the public buildings and waving in front of 
many stores and residences. In the evening, a large body of citizens 
assembled at Harmony Hall to give expression to the sentiments influencing 
them to support the national administration in maintaining the union of the 
states and in suppressing the rebellion. The Hon. John A. Griswold was 
chosen chairman of the meeting. He, and the Hon. Isaac McConihe, jr., 
and Martin T. Townsend made patriotic addresses. Resolutions were 
passed pledging men and means for the use of the Federal Government and 
denying the right of the' Southern States to secede from the Union. The in- 
sufficiency of the hall to contain the thousands of people thronging the streets 
around the building caused the meeting to be temporarily adjourned and to 



I 82 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

be reconvened in the Union Depot where Martin I. Townsend made another for- 
cible speech on the perils threatening the country by the secession of the South- 
ern States. He was followed by George W. Demers and Clarence Buel, who 
pertinently spoke of the urgent necessities of the Government and the import- 
ance of affording the administration the means of humbling the arrogance of 
the Southern States. Enlisting offices were opened that week by Captain 
John W. Armitage at No. 2 Second Street, John Arts at No. 132 River Street, 
Michael Cassidy at No. 4 Chatham Square, William McConihe at the corner 
of Fourth and Adams streets, Joseph G. McNutt at Green Island, William A. 
Olmstead at the Troy Citizens' Corps armory, George H. Otis at the " Ren- 
dezvous," Captain Sidney A. Park at the Troy City Artillery armory, William 
B. Tibbits at No. 123 Congress Street, and George W. Wilson at Lansing- 
buro-h. The enlistment of volunteers for the Troy regiment became the topic 
of general conversation. Everybody seemed gratified to learn the number of 
names daily enrolled. The hats and coats of many of the men seen on the streets 
were decorated with Union cockades and rosettes, and not a few women wore 
red, white, and blue borders on their Balmoral skirts. The enthusiasm of the 
boys and girls displayed itself in various unique designs of the national colors 
with which they ornately bedecked their clothing. 

On Thursday, April 1 8th, Captain John W. Armitage, having enlisted the 
required number of men to complete his company, went to Albany and tend- 
ered it to Governor Morgan, and, on Friday, the newspapers of the city an- 
nounced with evident pride that it was the first one offered to and accepted by 
the state under President Lincoln's call for troops made on the previous 
Monday. On Thursday evening, another enthusiastic meeting was held in 
Harmony Hall to provide means for the support of the families of the enlisted 
men. The Common Council on the same evening made an appropriation of 
$10,000 for that purpose. The citizens proudly vied with one another in sub- 
scribino- money for the relief of the wives and children of the volunteers. On 
Saturday following, the contributions amounted to $26,000. On that day, the 
Rensselaer County Agricultural and Manufacturers Society tendered its build- 
ings and grounds for the use of the volunteer companies. In the afternoon, a 
United States Hag was hoisted on the steeple of St. Mary's Roman Catholic 
Church, where it waved until the close of the war. On Sunday, the services in 
the different churches were exceedingly patriotic and impressive. Some of 
the organists suggestively played the "Star Spangled Banner" and "Hail 
Columbia" as voluntaries, and many congregations sang the national hymn 
" America." The sermons were mostly eloquent expressions of a confidence of 
the deliverance of the nation from the perils besetting it and of the ultimate 
enlightenment of the people to see the political evils which had caused the war. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. iS 



o 



On Monday morning, the companies of Captains John W. Armitage, Wil- 
liam A. Olmstead, George H. Otis, and George W. Wilson formed in line on 
Washington Square, and under the marshalship of Colonel Joseph B. Carr, 
marched to the Fair Grounds to quarter there until the organization of the 
regiment should be completed. On the following day, the other companies also 
went into camp there. On Wednesday, April 24th, the field officers were 
elected : Lieutenant George L. Willard of the United States Army, then on 
the staff of General John E. Wool, colonel ; Joseph B. Carr, lieutenant-colonel ; 
and R. Wells Kenyon, major. Lieutenant Willard took the colonelcy upon 
the condition that the War Department would permit him to retain it._ On 
that day, the regiment was accepted by the Adjutant-General and designated 
the Second Regiment of New York State Volunteers. By priority of appli- 
cation to be mustered into the service it should have been the first accepted 
by the state, but a correction of a clerical error in the papers presented at the 
Adjutant-General's office delayed the filing of them and it became the second 
in the order of acceptance. The Fair Grounds, on that day, were called Camp 
Willard in honor of the commanding officer, who appointed Captain Timothy 
Ouinn of the Republican Guards adjutant, and Charles L. MacArthur of the 
Troy Citizens' Corps quartermaster of the regiment. 

In consequence of an order of the War Department, Colonel Willard re- 
signed the command of the regiment on May 6th, and, on May 10th, Joseph B. 
Carr was elected colonel, R. Wells Kenyon, lieutenant-colonel, and Richard D. 
Bloss, major. On May 14th, the regiment, having thirty-seven commissioned 
officers and seven hundred and fifty-two enlisted men, was mustered into the 
service of the United States for two years by Captain L. Sitgreaves of the 
Topographical Engineer Corps. The medical staff of the regiment was repre- 
sented by Reed B. Bontecou, M. D., surgeon, and Le Roy McLean, M. D., 
assistant surgeon. The company officers were : 

Co. A. — John W. Armitage, captain; Calvin W. Link, first lieutenant; 
George A. Hitchcock, second. 

Co. B. — William A. Olmstead, captain ; T. Clement Haddock, first lieu- 
tenant ; Lee Churchill, second. 

Co. C. — George H. Otis, captain ; S. D. Perkins, first lieutenant ; William 
H. Pitt, second. 

Co. D. — Michael Cassidy, captain ; John Maguire, first lieutenant ; John 
McCaffrey, second. 

Co. E. — George W. Wilson, captain ; John H. Ouackenbush, first lieuten- 
ant ; Edgar T. Wilson, second. 

Co. F. — Sidney W. Park, captain ; James A. Cross, first lieutenant ; Henry 
Harrison, second. 



[84 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Co. G. — William B. Tibbits, captain ; James A. Savage, first lieutenant ; 
Thomas Sullivan, second. 

Co. H. — Joseph G. McNutt, captain; Thomas O'Brien, first lieutenant: 
William McPheters, second. 

Co. I. — William McConihe, captain; Joseph Lafuira, first lieutenant; 
George Taffe, second. 

Co. K. — fohn Arts, captain ; Henry Jansen, first lieutenant; August Kolbe, 
second. 

The departure of the regiment from the city on Saturday morning, May 
1 8th, for the seat of war was witnessed by thousands of enthusiastic people. 
Marching from Camp Willard through River Street to Washington Square 
and thence on Second Street to the court-house, the fine body of intrepid 
men were greeted with cheers, tears, and blessings. At the court-house, the 
Hon. George Gould presented the battalion with a beautiful regimental flag, 
the gift of a number of Troy ladies, and the Rev. J. T. Duryea, in behalf of 
the Rensselaer County Bible Society, to Colonel Joseph B. Carr, a handsomely 
bound Bible. The escort of the regiment, preceded by Doring's Band, was 
the Troy Citizens' Corps, Captain Hamilton L. Shields ; the Troy City Artil- 
lery. Captain A. B. Myers; the Irish Volunteers, Lieutenant Fleming; the 
Columbian Guards, Captain Thomas F. Evers ; the Jackson Guards, Captain 
James Bowen ; the Wool Guards, Captain Michael Timpane ; Premier Engine 
Company, Washington Volunteers, Torrent Engine Company, Niagara En- 
gine Company, La Fayette Engine Company, Rough and Ready Engine 
Company, Trojan Hook and Ladder Company, Franklin Hose Company, 
Joseph C. Taylor Hose Company, the members of the Common Council, and 
sixty policemen. Proceeding to the " steamboat-landing" at the foot of Al- 
bany Street, the regiment embarked on a barge for Albany. The Troy 
Citizens' Corps, with Doring's Band, on the steamboat " Carter," escorted the 
regiment thither, which left that city, on the steamboat " New World," on Sun- 
day evening, for New Vork. On June 7th, Governor E. D. Morgan ap- 
pointed William Kemp paymaster of the Second Regiment, which office 
he filled until the General Government ordered the discharge of the paymas- 
ters appointed by the different states. Daniel Mooney, a private in Company 
E of the Second Regiment, was the first soldier from Troy killed in the Civil 
War. He fell in the engagement at Big Bethel, Va., on Monday, June 10th. 
On October 1 7th, Doring's Band left Troy to be attached to the Second 
Regiment. 

The next military organizations which went from Troy to the seat of war 
were those connected with the Thirtieth Regiment, New York State Volun- 
teers, commanded by Colonel Edward Frisby, and mustered into the service 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 185 

on June 1st. They were Company B, Warren L. Laning, captain ; Philip 
Casey, first lieutenant ; I. Seymour Scott, second; and Company I, John M. 
Landon, captain; Samuel D. Potts, first lieutenant ; Alonzo Alden, second. 
Walter P. Tillman of Troy was captain of Company H, composed of 
Rensselaer County Volunteers. Charles E. Brintnall, who had taken an 
active part in the organization of the regiment, was its lieutenant-colonel. 

On Tuesday evening, August 13th, Company E of the Seventh Cavalry 
Regiment, of which Clarence Buel was captain, left Troy in the steamer 
"Vanderbilt" for the seat of war. 

During the year a number of contracts for munitions of war were taken by 
Troy manufacturers. W. & L. E. Gurley made thousands of brass fuses for 
artillery projectiles ; Corning, Winslow, & Co., filled orders for steel rifled 
cannon of the Rodman pattern; Eaton, Gilbert, & Co., made many army 
wagons and artillery carriages; Swett, Ouimby, & Co., shot and shell; F. W. 
Parmenter, ammunition wagons; Jones & Co., rifled brass cannon; Fuller, 
Warren, & Co., and Knight, Harrison, & Paine, mortar bombs. 

The local military association known as the " National Guard" was organ- 
ized on May 13th, 1861, with the following civil officers: John A. Griswold, 
president; A. B. Olin, vice-president; William H. Young, secretary, and John 
Flagg, treasurer. On June 10th, the military officers were elected : George 
Babcock, captain ; James W. Cusack, first lieutenant ; Timothy M.cAuliff, sec- 
ond ; and John B. Gale, third. The zouave uniform of the Guard was made 
of gray cloth. The organization existed about a year. 

The association called the " Troy Ellsworths " was organized about the same 
time. Its first military officers were : L. A. Rousseau, captain ; George D. 
Sherman, first lieutenant ; Irving Browne, second ; C. H. Billings, third. The 
constitution and by-laws of the organization were adopted on July 23d. 

The organization of the Second (Black Horse Cavalry) Regiment New 
York Volunteers, at Camp Strong, in the fall of 1861, was successfully accom- 
plished, and the companies left Troy on Friday evening, November 22d, on 
the Francis Skiddy. The regiment was mustered in on November 6th, to 
serve for three years. In consequence of an excess of cavalry in the field it 
was mustered out in March, 1862. Among the officers from Troy were Charles 
L. Hubbell, M. D., surgeon, Fitz Henry Knight, quartermaster, and Alexan- 
der G. Patton, first lieutenant. 

The officers of Company K, organized in Troy in November, 1861, and in- 
corporated in the Ninety-third Regiment, New York Volunteers, known as the 
Morgan Rifles, were Samuel McConihe, captain, Josiah L. Young, first lieu- 
tenant, and Gurdon G. Moore, second. 

In the One Hundred and Fourth Regiment New York Volunteers, of which 
24 



1 86 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

R. Wells Kenyon was lieutenant-colonel, were the three companies enlisted in 
Troy in December, 1861; Company H, James K. Selleck, captain ; Company 
I, John Kelly, captain ; and Company K, John C. Thompson, captain. On 
March 10th, 1862, the three companies left Camp Wool, and marched to Al- 
bany, where Company H was mustered into service on March 18th, and com- 
panies I and K, on March 19th. 

The personal agency of John A. Griswold and of John F. Winslow, in ob- 
taining for Captain John Ericsson, the contract for the construction of the 
famous floating battery, the " Monitor," and in assuming with Cornelius S. 
Bushnell of New Haven, the hazardous responsibility of securing the national 
government against all loss of money paid for it should the vessel prove un- 
serviceable and incomplete in any of its parts, clearly shows that the patriot- 
ism, perseverance, industry, and wealth of the two enterprising manufacturers 
of Troy were antecedently the means which saved the Nation's navy from de- 
struction by the enemy's war-craft in 1862, and materially changed the construc- 
tion of vessels of warfare built afterward for the service of the United States. 
Had not the distinguished engineer been befriended so timely by John A. Gris- 
wold and John F. Winslow, the "Monitor" would probably have not been built, 
and the glorious sequences of the naval engagement in Hampton Roads would 
never have brightened the history of the direful days of the civil war. The 
Navy Department having advertised on August 7th, 1861, for proposals for 
the construction of one or more iron-clad steam vessels of war, either of iron, 
or of wood and iron combined, C. S. Bushnell & Co., of New Haven, submit- 
ted plans and specifications for a plated gunboat, known afterward as the 
" Galena." The iron bars of the corvette having been thought too heavy, C. 
S. Bushnell visited Captain Ericsson, then residing in New York city, to con- 
sult him respecting the necessary thickness of the plating. At the close of 
the interview, the enthusiastic inventor showed Mr. Bushnell the plan and 
model of a floating battery. The eager contractor obtained permission to show 
them to the Naval Board, consisting of Commodore Joseph Smith, Commodore 
Hiram Paulding, and Commander Charles H.Davis. Learning that the Hon. 
Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, was then at Hartford, Mr. Bushnell went 
there and exhibited them to him. Secretary Welles, no less pleased than Mr. 
Bushnell with the represented effectiveness of the battery, desired him " to 
proceed to Washington without delay," and submit a proposal to build one to 
the members of the Naval Board " then about to decide on the plans pre- 
sented " for the construction of the vessels advertised by the Navy Department. 

On his arrival in Washington, Mr. Bushnell presented the plans and the 
model of the vessel to them for examination. On the following day, he 
succeeded in getting Commodores Smith and Paulding to promise to 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 187 

sign a report advising the construction of a battery provided Captain 
Davis would also sign it. The latter refused to do it, and told Mr. 
Bushnell, who had the model of the vessel in his hand, to " take the little thing 
home and worship it, as it would not be idolatry because it was made in the 
image of nothing in the heaven above, or on the earth below, or in the waters 
under the earth." Chagrined and disappointed, Mr. Bushnell returned home. 

On Wednesday, August 28th, desiring to have Mr. Griswold and Mr. Wins- 
low accompany him to Washington to further the negotiations with the Navy 
Department for the construction of the Galena, Mr. Bushnell telegraphed 
them : " Will you go with me Tuesday evening next ? No use going sooner." 
On Tuesday evening, September 3d, they went with him and aided him in 
contracting for the construction of the vessel. The success attending this 
transaction induced him to disclose to them his fruitless effort to interest the 
Naval Board with the plan of the floating battery designed by Captain Erics- 
son. He did not hesitate to tell them what had been said in disparagement 
of Ericsson's ability to devise an effective war-vessel, or to mention the doubts 
entertained respecting the serviceableness of the proposed machinery of the 
battery. Having with him Ericsson's drawings and the model of the vessel, 
he explained to them the use of its machinery and the impregnability of its 
armor. Finding that they were convinced of the availability of the battery, 
he made overtures to them to go before the Naval Board to induce its mem- 
bers to recommend the making of a contract for the construction of one. After 
a consultation respecting their acceptance of Mr. Bushnell's proposals, Mr. 
Winslow and Mr. Griswold consented to undertake the difficult and almost 
hopeless commission. In order to learn the predisposition of the Naval Board, 
Mr. Winslow had an interview with Commodore Smith, who was disinclined to 
give the matter any further consideration. Perceiving their inability to secure 
a hearing, they obtained from Secretary Seward an introduction to President 
Lincoln. The latter, having attentively listened to their explanatory state- 
ments and cogent reasoning respecting the effectiveness of the novel battery, 
inquired the reason of their coming to him. When told that it was to get his 
assistance in having the Naval Board reconsider the proposals for the con- 
struction of the vessel, he remarked : " Well, I don't know much about ships, 
though I once contrived a canal-boat, the model of which is now in the Patent 
Office, the great excellence of which was that it could be run where there was 
no water. But I think there is something in this plan of Ericsson. I will tell 
you what I will do. I will meet you to-morrow at ten o'clock, at the office of 
Commodore Smith, and we will talk it all over." 

At the meeting at Commodore Smith's office not only was Mr. Lincoln 
present but also a number of officers of the Navy Department. Having 



1 88 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

passed the greater part of the night in examining and studying the drawings 
and specifications for the battery, Mr. Winslow, with many misgivings of his 
ability to interest his distinguished auditors, undertook the task of describing 
the peculiar mechanism of the vessel and the curious features of its extraor- 
dinary construction. At the conclusion of Mr. Winslow's masterly elucidation 
of the plan of the battery, and the action of its machinery, it is said that Mr. 
Lincoln eagerly interrogated the senior member of the Naval Board by asking: 
" Well, Commodore Smith, what do you think of it ? " The latter having made 
a non-committal reply, the President, rising from his seat, remarked : " Well, 
I think there is something in it as the girl said when she stuck her foot in her 
stocking." Then bidding those present good morning, he left the room. On 
the following day, Commodore Smith informed Mr. Winslow that the Naval 
Board would recommend the construction of a battery, as planned by Captain 
Ericsson, should the contractors assume all risk of the experiment. Having 
estimated the cost of its construction without any consideration of profit, Mr. 
Griswold, with a quickening impulse of patriotic pride, at once signified his 
willingness to accept the weighty responsibility. He and Mr. Winslow saw in 
the indemnifying conditions specified by the members of the Naval Board that 
they had little confidence in Ericsson's ability to design an effective war-vessel, 
and, in making them, they had taken pains to be understood that they were 
not fathering " another Ericsson failure," as some of the enemies of the Swedish 
engineer, adverting- to the Princeton, assumed the batterv would be. 

Writing to one of his correspondents, on Monday, September 9th, and re- 
ferring to his visit to Washington the previous week, Mr. Winslow remarks 
that his time was wholly taken up with business in the Navy Department. 
On the following day,' writing to another correspondent, he says: " Griswold, 
I suppose, is in New York to-day (or will be to-morrow) from Washington." 
At that time they were both unacquainted with Captain Ericsson. A 
question having arisen respecting the stability of the battery, it was thought 
best to induce him to go to Washington and personally demonstrate to 
the Naval Board the equilibrium of the vessel, although he had resolutely de- 
clared that he would never enter the city again after the ill-treatment he had 
received there when the accident on the Princeton occurred. He consented 
to go. Thinking: that the sensitive engineer might be received somewhat 
coldly by the members of the Naval Board, Mr. Winslow, on September 1 8th, 
wrote to Secretary Seward, requesting him to aid Captain Ericsson in obtain- 
ing a hearing, and to be present himself. Mr. Griswold, writing to Mr. Bush- 
nell, that day, remarked: "If not too late, I think you had better telegraph 
I W. L.] Barnes, at Middle Haddam, to go to Washington and be there with 
Ericsson. He will be of great service to him." On Captain Ericsson's arrival 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 189 

in Washington he was courteously given a hearing by the Naval Board and 
"in less than an hour succeeded in demonstrating to the entire satisfaction" 
of its members that the stability of the vessel was one of the chief features 
contemplated by him in planning it. On Monday, September 16th, the Naval 
Board recommended that " an experiment be made with one battery of this 
description, with a guaranty and forfeiture in case of failure in any of the 
properties and points of the vessel as proposed." 

Without waiting to be secured by a written contract with the Government, 
Mr. Winslow and Mr. Griswold, as if foreseeing the pressing need of the 
Navy Department in having the battery completed at the end of one hundred 
days from the signing of the instrument, began at once making preparations 
for the manufacture of the armor. So great was their anxiety to advance the 
construction of the vessel that they could not refrain from urging Captain 
Ericsson to send them as early as practicable some specific information regard- 
ing the dimensions of the iron plates with which the hull was to be protected. 
On September 26th, Mr. Winslow wrote him from Troy saying : "Allow me 
to ask that you give me your specifications for the plates for the hull, (lower 
boat) for the battery at your earliest convenience as I want to prepare the 
slabs in readiness for rolling ; the making of the slabs being the longest part 
of the operation." 

On Monday, September 30th, Captain Ericsson wrote to Mr. Winslow : " I 
forwarded our contract, certified by Judge Betts, last Saturday, and expect to 
hear from the Navy Department to-morrow. In case our amendment is 
approved of and the contract completed, I will send by to-morrow's mail a 
specification of plate for- the intended battery." 

In order to hasten the construction of the vessel, Thomas F. Rowland of 
the Continental Iron Works, at Greenpoint, L. I., was informally engaged to 
construct the hull, and Cornelius H. Delamater of New York City, to furnish the 
engines, boiler, and machinery. On Tuesday, October 1st, Captain Ericsson 
wrote to Mr. Winslow : " I inclose a list of plate and angle iron wanted im- 
mediately, [by Thomas F. Rowland]. * * * Please dispatch with all pos- 
sible diligence, * * * as we can make no beginning without it. * * * 
I got a severe reprimand from a friend to-day on telling him that the craft had 
not been commenced ' because the contract had not been returned from 
Washington.' My offer having been formally accepted in writing by the De- 
partment and the contract handed over to me for execution, my legal adviser 
tells me I am authorized to proceed. The Department having been informed 
that the engines for the battery are under construction without remonstration 
is another point urged for proceeding. Probably the contract will be forwarded 
to-morrow. I will of course at once let you know by telegraph." 



190 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The consequential wording of Captain Ericsson's letter betrays not a little 
egotism in claiming for himself the credit of securing the contract. It may 
truly be said that the deference and magnanimity of Mr. Griswold and Mr. 
Winslow deprived them in many instances of a full recognition of their invalu- 
able services in obtaining the contract for him. 

On Friday, October 4th, the contract for the construction of the battery 
was made "between J. Ericsson, of the city of New York, as principal, and 
John F. Winslow, John A. Griswold, and C. S. Bushnell, as sureties, on the 
first part, and Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, for and in behalf of the 
United States, on the second part." The conditions binding the sureties are 
in striking contrast with the evident confidence which Mr. Griswold and Mr. 
Winslow reposed in the engineering skill of Captain Ericsson, and the bold 
venture of their means in guaranteeing the availability of the curiously designed 
boat. The Swedish engineer was then under public censure for an attributed 
want of ability in designing the machinery of the Princeton, and, as a conse- 
quence, his reputation was blemished with the blight of it. The stringent pro- 
visions of the instrument also implied that the patriotic services they proposed 
to render the Government in affording it the means of coping successfully with 
the enemy's war-craft might likewise be fruitless. Swayed by the courage of their 
convictions and the inspiration of an ennobling purpose they took upon them- 
selves the weighty obligations which they faithfully and creditably discharged 
in befriending Captain Ericsson and in providing a needy government with 
the " Yankee cheese-box on a raft," that saved its defenseless warships from 
sudden destruction. They as sureties guaranteed the vessel should be " ready 
for sea in one hundred days from the date " of the contract, " complete in all 
her parts and appointments for service." And they further obligated them- 
selves, should she "fail in performance of speed for sea-service," or fail "in 
the security or successful working of the turret and guns with safety to the 
vessel and the men in the turret," or " in her buoyancy to float and carry her 
battery," that they would refund to the United States the amount of money 
advanced to them on the vessel " within thirty days after such failure " had 
been declared by the Secretary of the Navy. The vessel as provided in the 
contract was designated " an iron-clad, shot-proof, steam battery," having a 
length of one hundred and seventy-nine feet, an extreme breadth of forty-one 
feet, and a speed of eight sea miles or knots an hour. The Government 
agreed to pay the contractors of the vessel the sum of two hundred and sev- 
enty-five thousand dollars in installments as the work progressed, reserving and 
retaining from each payment, twenty-five per centum of the sum paid, which 
sums were to be retained until after the completion and satisfactory trial of 
the vessel, "not to exceed ninety days" after she should be ready for sea. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 191 

On Tuesday, October 8th, Mr. Winslow wrote to Captain Ericsson : " I am 
getting along as fast as practicable with the parallel plates. * * * I would 
like you to send me your order for all the plates we are to make at once, so 
that I can have them all before me at the same time. * * * You say you 
will ' send specification for plates for turret to-morrow ;' it has not yet reached 
me. Please let it come along as soon as you can, as I want a little time to 
look around among makers of that description of plates to see who can give 
them to us most speedily, of best quality and easiest terms." 

On the following day, Mr. Winslow again wrote him : " It was not until I 
got Mr. Griswold's telegram that all was arranged at Washington that I felt 
sure of having the contract secured with the Government, but now that the 
preliminaries are settled, there will be no delinquency or delay in getting the 
materials (at least the iron portion) forward in time. One hundred days, and 
they short ones, are few enough to do all that is to be done, yet I have no 
doubt that without any unforeseen mishap or embarrassment, it may be ac- 
complished within the time." 

On Saturday evening, October 12th, he again wrote him : "I am now able 
to say to you that every bar of the angle iron is now made and ready to go on 
board of Monday's steamer, and be in New York on Tuesday morning. * * * 
On Tuesday another lot will follow, and so on daily until the entire order for 
hull plates is completed. We shall drive them through energetically. All the 
slabs are completed for entire hull plates. I now want the order for rivets and 
plates for the other parts of the vessel. * * * \ infer from the tone of 
your dispatches that you do not think us at this end [Troy] fully up to the 
importance of pushing the delivery of materials with all the energy possible. 
Don't believe any such thing. Unless I err greatly in my calculations you 
will receive iron from and after Monday at such a rate that you will cry ' Hold 
in mercy ! ' You have not answered my inquiry where to deliver the iron on 
arrival in Xew York, but, in the absence of such directions, I shall consign it 
to you at 95 Franklin Street. The steamers land at foot of Courtlandt Street. 
Please hurry Mr. Rowland to send the rivet and other plate and iron orders." 

Contracts having been made with Thomas F. Rowland of the Continental 
Iron Works, at Greenpoint, Long Island, for the construction of the hull ; 
with William E. Everett of the Novelty Iron Works, for the turret; with 
Cornelius H. Delamater of New York City, for the machinery; with Charles 
D. DeLancy of Buffalo, for the port stoppers ; with H. Abbott & Son of 
Baltimore, and Holdane & Co. of New York, for iron plates; and with 
Corning, Winslow, & Co. of the Albany Iron Works, at Troy, and the Rens- 
selaer Iron Works, of which Mr. Griswold was one of the proprietors, for the 
armor, bars, and rivets, the work of constructing the battery was prosecuted 



192 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

with the utmost diligence. Mr. Griswold, having assumed the responsible duty 
of providing the money for the payment of the different parties contracted 
with, began in October paying the bills rendered by them. In writing to 
Thomas F. Rowland, on November 1st, he discloses his patriotism and that of 
Mr. Winslow in undertaking to provide the Navy Department with the means 
of protecting its wooden war vessels from any sudden attack of an iron-clad 
gunboat flying the Confederate flag : " We are glad to learn of the progress 
of the battery, and only wish the Government had a dozen like it now." In a 
letter to Captain Ericsson, on November 27th, he writes : " I am delighted at 
the evidence and expressions of confidence you are receiving." On January 
3d, 1862, he writes him : " I am rejoiced to hear of the success of the engines 
and trust everything will prove successful;" and on January 21st: "The 
launch, I shall be sorry not to witness, or rather should be sorry, and hope you 
will not fail to advise me." Captain Ericsson having submitted to him the 
letter written on January 20th, to the Hon. Gustavus V. Fox, Assistant Secre- 
tary of the Navy, in which the highly-elated engineer gave the battery the 
name "Monitor," Mr. Griswold wrote him on the following day, saying: "My 
idea and preference were that the ' Ericsson Battery ' should be the name per- 
manently adopted, and this would have been my selection. If there are 
reasons why this should not be, I approve your choice entirely." 

The Monitor was launched at Greenpoint, on January 30th, the one hun- 
dred and first working-day from the date of the contract. The first trial trip 
of the battery was made on February 19th, after which the vessel was taken to 
the Navy Yard at Brooklyn to receive her armament and stores. Mr. Gris- 
wold, having been informed that the Monitor had been ordered, on February 
20th, to Hampton Roads, wrote to Captain Ericsson on February 24th, saying : 
" I trust the ' Monitor ' may arrive safely at Hampton Roads, and in time for the 
' Merrimac.' The weather has just changed here from a south wind and warm 
to a very severe north-wester. I shall feel extremely anxious for the fate of the 
Battery for a few days to come, and beg you to advise me of any thing you may 
hear relating to her." On Tuesday, February 25th, he wrote to W. L. Barnes: 
"The Battery is to be at Hampton Roads on Thursday morning. Yesterday 
and last nieht we had a terrific rale, and I feel anxious to hear if she was ex- 
posed." On the same day he expressed his fears for the safety of the Monitor, 
in a note to Mr. Winslow, remarking: " I feel extremely anxious to know if the 
Battery was exposed to the gale yesterday and last night." Fortunately the Mon- 
itor had not left the bay of New York. Not until a week later did she leave 
the Lower Bay. On March 3d, Mr. Winslow wrote to Captain Ericsson : " I 
suppose the Monitor is ere this en route to Hampton Roads." On Saturday 
night, March 8th, the vessel arrived there. At eight o'clock, on Sunday 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 193 

morning, the Merrimac heard the first pulsation of her guns when she began 
the famous five-hours engagement by discharging at the arrogant iron-clad vessel 
two one hundred and sixty-six pound balls. How gloriously she vindicated the 
confidence of the two anxious patriots in Troy is well known. The proud 
citizens could not but claim for Mr. Griswold and Mr. Winslow the honor that 
was due them for obtaining from the Government the contract for buildine 
the curiously designed vessel and in providing the means for its construction. 
Five days after the engagement, the Government made the last payment on 
the battery of $68,750. On Saturday evening, March 22d, about four hundred 
of the men employed at the Albany Iron Works and the Rensselaer Iron 
Works celebrated the victory of the Monitor by a torchlight procession. On 
a wagon was a large picture of the engagement between the Monitor and the 
Merrimac, and on the reverse side of the canvas, the portraits of Captain 
Ericsson, Mr. Griswold, and Mr. Winslow, and the inscription, " Honor to 
whom honor is due," and the words of the dispatch of General John E. Wool, 
at Fortress Monroe, to Mr. Griswold, on the day of the engagement : " The 
Monitor has saved every thing inside and outside of the fort." 

About noon, on Saturday, May 10th, 1862, the shingle roof of the eastern 
section of the Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad bridge, between Green Island 
and the city, was set on fire by sparks from a passing locomotive. A gale was 
blowing from the north-west, and the wind at once carried the flaming shingles 
and glowing brands to the dry roofs of the numerous buildings in the central part 
of the city. An alarm was given, and the firemen and engines quickly arrived 
at the east end of the burning bridge. A futile attempt was made to throw 
water on the flaming structure, but the excessive heat and flying cinders com- 
pelled the firemen to abandon it. An effort was made to open the draw to 
bar the progress of the devouring element, but this was also unsuccessful. Great 
tongues of flame leaped high above the blazing bridge, which soon fell into 
the river, and parts of the burning structure, floating with the current, im- 
periled the steamboats and the smaller craft cabled along the wharves. Mean- 
while hundreds of houses were on fire. From the bridge south-eastwardly the 
flames were widening the area of the conflagration with such fearful rapidity 
that the terrified people were scarcely able to escape them, while some were 
suffocated in the streets by the dense smoke. 

When the stores on River Street, near the bridge, began burning, the thor- 
oughfare there was so darkened by smoke that it was difficult to discern ob- 
jects at the shortest distances. The high north-west wind swept the thick clouds 
of lurid smoke across the city, and covered it as with a pall. In less than an 
hour and a half a broad belt of fire lay across the city, from the river to the 
eastern hill. It was impossible to pass from one side of it to the other, except 
2 5 



194 TROTS ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

by long detours, either east or west of it. Direful and unfounded reports 
augmented the terribleness of the calamity. Dwellings on the eastern hill, not 
directly in the course of the fire, were saved from burning with the utmost diffi- 
culty. At one time, on Ninth Street, the greatest consternation prevailed. 
In that part of the city, it was thought that the buildings there were not en- 
dangered, and no precautions were taken to save them from destruction. Sud- 
denly brands were carried by the wind thither, and in a short time a number 
of unprotected houses lay in ashes on that street. 

The most distressing events of the long-remembered day were those in 
which helpless persons became the prey of the destructive element. Although 
the fire occurred at midday, when the people were best prepared to escape, 
yet so rapid was its progress and so great the panic that several persons were 
overtaken and hemmed in by the flames, and were burned. Ransom S. 
Haight was suffocated in the smoke on Seventh Street, where he was burned 
almost beyond identification. Thomas O'Donnell, an aged blind man, living 
on Green Street north of Grand Division Street, left alone in the house, was 
burned in it. Zenas Cary, an aged physician, residing at No. 29 Grand Divi- 
sion Street, rescued from his burning dwelling by his faithful wife, was fatally 
burned, and died on the following day at the Marshall Infirmary. The charred 
remains of Mary Dunlop and child were found in the ashes of a burned build- 
ing. Numerous narrow escapes are related by men and women who were 
imperiled by the rapidly progressive fire. 

At the beginning of the conflagration, all human means seemed useless to 
save any of the buildings in the path of the fire. As it advanced south-east- 
wardly, often slight changes of the wind gave it limitations, and the strenuous 
efforts of the indefatigable firemen frequently checked its progress in different 
directions. The conflagration, about six o'clock, was stayed at Donohue & 
Burge's carriage factory, on the north-west corner of Seventh and Congress 
streets, having destroyed five hundred and seven buildings, not including barns 
and out-houses, covering an area of seventy-five acres in the central part of 
the city. 

Viewed from Eighth Street, at night, the field of the fire was one of no little 
grandeur. Here and there unquenched flames illuminated desolated spaces, 
and great beds of fire glowed among the blackened walls of the destroyed build- 
ings. The resonant rhythm of the steam fire-engines and the steady cadences 
of the striking brakes of the hand-engines lulled to sleep the hundreds of 
houseless people in the neighboring homes of those who hospitably received 
them. Among the larger buildings burned were the Second Presbyterian 
Church, on the south-east corner of Sixth and Grand Division streets ; the 
Associate Presbyterian Church, on the east side of Seventh Street, between 



50 



o 



X 










196 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Broadway and State Street ; the North Baptist Church, on the south-east cor- 
ner of Fifth and Fulton streets ; the Home Mission, on the east side of Seventh 
Street, between Broadway and State Street ; the Rensselaer Polytechnic Insti- 
tute, on the north-east corner of State and Sixth streets ; the Troy City Bank, 
on the south-east corner of Fourth and Grand Division streets ; the Troy Or- 
phan Asylum, on the north side of Grand Division, west of Eighth Street ; the 
Church Asylum, on the south side of Federal Street, between Sixth and Eighth 
streets ; and the Union Railroad depot, on the site of the present building. 
Firemen and fire-engines from Albany, West Troy, Cohoes, Lansingburgh, and 
Waterford, came and assisted in the difficult work of limiting the range of the 
conflagration. The progress of the fire southward along River Street was 
successfully opposed by the Arba Read and Jason C. Osgood steamers ; at the 
intersection of Fourth and Fulton streets, the Washington Volunteer Com- 
pany checked the flames from crossing Fulton Street at that point ; and at the 
intersection of Broadway and Fifth Street, the Hugh Ranken and the Empire 
State engine companies energetically resisted there the advance of the fire. 
Elsewhere the other companies vigorously battled with the destructive element. 

The total value of the property destroyed was appraised at $2,677,892, on 
which were insurances amounting to $1,321,874. The loss on real estate was 
estimated at $1,386,080 and that on personal property at $1,291,812 ; the in- 
surance on the former being $766,691, and that on the latter, $555,183. Fifty 
thousand dollars were contributed before the end of May for the relief of the 
sufferers by the people of Troy and of other places. That amount was largely 
increased during the month of June. In July, one hundred and eighty one new 
buildings were erected in the burned district, and in November, six months 
after the fire, all the lots on River Street, excepting two, on which buildings 
had been burned, were occupied by better ones. 

Under the call for more troops of July 1st, 1S62, the One Hundred and 
Twenty-fifth Regiment, composed of men enlisted in Rensselaer County, was 
organized at Troy, in August. Great interest was taken by the citizens in 
obtaining volunteers for it, and for a number of days the stores were closed 
at four o'clock in the afternoon to permit the merchants and their employees 
to encourage enlistments. On Saturday evening, August 30th, the regiment 
left Troy on a train of cars for New York City. The field officers were: 
George L. Willard, colonel; Levin Crandell, lieutenant-colonel; James C. Bush, 
major; Elias P. Sheldon, adjutant; L. Chandler Ball, quartermaster; the Rev. 
Joseph L. Barlow, chaplain; William Cooper, M. D., surgeon; H. E. Benedick, 
M. D., and Washington Akin, M. D., assistant surgeons. The line officers 
were: Company A, — Dudley E. Cornell, captain; E. A. Hartshorn, first lieu- 
tenant; William H. Hakes, second; Company B, — Aaron B. Myers, captain; 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 197 

Charles H. Taylor, first lieutenant; John Quay, second; Company C, — F. S. 
Esmond, captain; W. H. Plumb, jr., first lieutenant; David Comeskey, second; 
Company D, — S. C. Armstrong, captain; T. F. Sheldon, first lieutenant; P. 
Carden, second; Company E, — William Dimond, captain; Calvin Bush, first 
lieutenant; Egbert Jolls, second; Company F, — Nelson Penfield, captain; 
Frank Chamberlin, first lieutenant; W. D. Taylor, second; Company G, — 
George E. Lemon, captain; W. K. Newcomb, first lieutenant; L. H. Stevens, 
second; Company H, — Ephraim Wood, captain; Joseph Hyde, first lieutenant; 
David Hagadorn, second; Company I, — Edward P. Jones, captain; Archibald 
Buchanan, first lieutenant; Edward Fink, second; Company K, — J. V. W. 
Vandenburgh, captain; Charles A. Pickett, first lieutenant; McGregor Steel, 
second. The regiment was mustered in to serve three years. 

The One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Regiment New York Volunteers, organ- 
ized at Troy with men mostly enlisted in Rensselaer County, left Troy on 
September 26th, and on October 6th was mustered in for three years' service. 
The field officers were: Clarence Buel, colonel; John McConihe, lieutenant- 
colonel; Alonzo Alden, major; William E. Kisselburgh, adjutant; Sidney W. 
Kinney, quartermaster; John Knowlson, M. D., surgeon; W. J. Skinner, M. D., 
and P. L. Reynolds, M. D., assistant surgeons; J. W. Eaton, chaplain. The 
line officers were: Company A, — James A. Colvin, captain; Jerome B. Par- 
menter, first lieutenant; Bernard N. Smith, second; Company B, — N. Wood, 
captain; David P. Benson, first lieutenant; Michael Holmes, second; Company 
C, — J. H. Allen, captain; Frank W. Tarbell, first lieutenant; Charles E. Morey, 
second; Company D, — Warren B. Coleman, captain; Robert O. Connor, first 

lieutenant; John H. Hughes, second; Company E, — ■ Wright, captain; 

Company F, — A. D. Vaughn, captain; J. F. Thompson, first lieutenant; 
Thomas D. Jellies, second; Company G, — John T. McCoun, captain; George 
H. Gager, first lieutenant; Thomas B. Eaton, second; Company H, — W. H. 
Wickes, captain; William S. Hartshorn, first lieutenant; William H. Lyon, 
second; Company I, — Michael Murnane, captain; Spencer W. Snyder, first 
lieutenant; Patrick Conners, second; Company K, — Daniel Ferguson, captain; 
D. J. Cary, first lieutenant; E. R. Smith, second. 

On September 18th, the Common Council authorized the issue of notes of 
small denominational value to the amount of $25,000, bearing date of October 
1st. A picture of the court-house embellished them. The notes were pay- 
able at the chamberlain's office "when presented in sums of five dollars." Sub- 
sequent issues of similar notes were authorized by the Common Council, in 
all amounting on April 1st, 1864, to $104,071.20. 

The return of the Second Regiment to Troy, on May 14th, 1863, after an 
absence of two years, was an occasion of much joy and enthusiasm. William 



198 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Kemp, having been delegated by the Common Council to escort the brave 
survivors home, went to Jersey City with Doring's Band to meet them. When 
the freight train on which they were returning arrived there, Doring's Band, 
which had been eighteen months in the field with the regiment, began playing 
some familiar tunes at the side of a building where the musicians were unseen 
by the regiment. Quickly recognizing the music, the surprised soldiers leap- 
ing from the cars eagerly ran to the place where the band was playing and 
with loud shouts expressed their delight in being so unexpectedly welcomed 
in that manner at a point so distant from Troy. The regiment marched up 
Broadway to Union Square in New York City, and was quickly identified by 
its appearance as one returning from the seat of war and was greeted by the 
people thronging the sidewalks with cheers and other manifestations of honor- 
ing patriotism. The last battle in which it had been engaged was that at 
Chancellorsville, on May 2d. When the Yanderbilt reached the " steamboat- 
landincr," at Troy, a weeping woman was waiting on the wharf to learn some 
tidino-s of the death of her son, whom the newspapers had reported as one of 
the killed in the engagement at Chancellorsville. Gazing at the soldiers 
crowding the upper deck of the steamboat, she saw her son waving his cap at 
her. Soon they were infolded in each other's arms. The scene of the aged 
mother clasping to her bosom the animate form of her robust son was exceed- 
ino-ly pathetic and one long remembered by those who witnessed it. 

The regiment on its return to the city numbered three hundred and eighty- 
six men. Its field officers were: Sidney W. Park, colonel (then in a hospital, 
havino- had his leg amputated to recover from a wound received at Chancel- 
lorsville, where the battalion lost forty-five men); William A. Olmstead, lieu- 
tenant-colonel; William B. Tibbits, major; J. H. Fratt, adjutant; LeRoy Mc- 
Lean, M. D., surgeon; B. S. Catlin, M. D., and N. H. Camp, M. D., assistant 
surgeons. The captains of the different companies were then G. V. Boutelle, 
Company A; Joseph J. Hagen, Company B; John H. Ouackenbush, Company 
C; William G. McNulty, Company D; Thomas Sullivan, Company E; Henry 
Harrison, Company F; Edgar T. Wilson, Company G; James A. Cross, Com- 
pany H; William McConihe, Company I; and Joseph Egolf, Company K. The 
regiment participated in the battles of Big Bethel, Fair Oaks, Glendale, Mal- 
vern Hill, Bristow Station, Bull Run (second), Chantilly, Fredericksburg, and 
Chancellorsville. At other places in Virginia it had minor engagements with 
the enemy. 

In July, 1S63, the orders for drafting men to augment the army engendered 
considerable disaffection in different parts of the state. The newspaper reports 
of the draft riots in New York City, on July 13th, greatly intensified this feel- 
ing. On Tuesday, July 14th, a meeting having been held in the south part of 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 1 99 

the city by persons opposed to the draft, some of the citizens induced the 
sheriff of Rensselaer County, Joseph F. Battershall, to have the State Armory 
on River Street guarded by several companies of the Twenty-fourth Regiment 
of New York State Militia. In the evening, Company G, James W. Cusack, 
captain, Company H, William F. Calder, captain, and Company K (Troy 
City Artillery), J. Thomas Davis, captain, under the order of the sheriff pro- 
mulgated by Lieutenant-Colonel William H. Lawton, commanding the regi- 
ment, repaired to the armory and remained there during the night and the 
following day. On Wednesday morning, about four hundred men, averse to 
the draft, formed a procession at the Nail Factory, on the Wynants Kill, and 
marched through the city northward as far as Mount Olympus. Along the line 
of march mechanics and other workmen were solicited to take part in the dem- 
onstration which was evidently intended primarily to be a display of the 
number of persons in the city opposed to the making of a draft to recruit the 
armies in the field. This intention was soon changed to one less peaceful in 
expression. Invectives and menaces indicative of an inclination to ignore the 
laws of property and the rights of American citizenship began to be uttered by 
the excited men in the procession. Some of them having short heavy clubs defi- 
antly brandished them when passing citizens who had patriotically supported 
the administration in carrying on the war for the preservation of the Union. 
Anticipating acts of violence and destruction, many merchants and manufact- 
urers closed their stores and factories. Returning from the northern part of 
the city, the procession halted in front of the Troy Daily Times printing estab- 
lishment, No. 211 River Street, where now are the offices of the Troy and 
Lansingburgh Railroad Company. Perceiving the purpose of the mob, then 
numbering about two thousand men, the Hon. John A. Griswold, the Hon. 
Isaac McConihe, jr., the Rev. Peter Havermans, and other courageous citizens 
attempted to dissuade the most aggressive of the rioters to desist from the 
lawless act which they were about to commit. Rushing into the building, 
they threw from the windows, the type, cases, furniture, and paper, pitched 
the early files of the Times into the river, and damaged the presses and en- 
gine. The Daily Whig office, in the next building north, was not disturbed. 
The enmity of the mob toward the colored people was particularly bitter. 
Wherever found, without any distinction of age or sex, they were stoned and 
otherwise maltreated. Most of them fled from the city and remained for days 
in the outlying villages. In the afternoon, the rioters broke into the jail during 
the absence of the sheriff and set free eighty-eight prisoners. An attempt was 
made to demolish the Liberty Street Presbyterian Church but the timely 
presence and earnest persuasions of the Rev. Peter Havermans and other in- 
fluential citizens induced the assailants to refrain from injuring it. In the 



200 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

absence of the mayor, the Hon. William L. Van Alstyne, from the city, the 
Hon. John Moran, recorder, issued in the afternoon a proclamation announc- 
ing the suspension of the draft in the district, and entreating the citizens to 
retire to their places of business for " the peace and good order of the city." 

About ten o'clock, at night, the rioters forcibly entered the residence of the 
Hon. Martin I. Townsend, No. 165 Second Street, broke the plate glass in 
the windows, destroyed or greatly damaged the furniture, and carried away 
many articles of value. Under orders of the mayor, who had returned to the 
city, Major George T. Steenberg, taking companies G, James W. Cusack, 
captain; H, William F. Calder, captain; I, Christian W. Rapp, captain; K, J. T. 
Davis, captain, of the Twenty-fourth Regiment New York Militia, and the 
Invalid Corps, under Captain Cooley of the United States Army, confronted 
the mob on Second Street, near Liberty. A six-pound howitzer of the Troy 
City Artillery, in charge of Captain George V. Boutelle, was loaded and trained 
toward the rioters, who agreed to disperse on the condition that the mayor 
should order the military to return to the armory. This he consented to do, 
and in obedience to his orders the companies marched back to the armory 
followed by some of the rioters. Shortly afterward, the disturbers of the 
city's peace withdrew from the streets. 

On August 30th, the Third and Fifth Michigan regiments of infantry and 
the Second Connecticut Artillery arrived on the Francis Skiddy to preserve 
the peace of the city during the draft, which was begun on September 4th. 
The State Armory became the head-quarters of the officers, and the soldiers 
tented in the court-house yard. 

The first battalion of the Twenty-first Regiment of New York Cavalry Vol- 
unteers, named the Griswold Light Cavalry, in honor of the Hon. John A. 
Griswold, left Troy, on the Vanderbilt, for Staten Island, on August 30th, 1863. 
The field and staff officers from Troy were: William B. Tibbits, colonel (pre- 
viously major of the Second Regiment New York Infantry Volunteers); 
George V. Boutelle, major (previously captain of Company A of the Second 
Regiment); James F. Hill, adjutant; William B. Laithe, quartermaster, and 
Benjamin S. Catlin, M. D., surgeon. The company officers from Troy were: 
Company A, — Charles G. Otis, captain; William H. Mitchell, first lieutenant; 
Thomas Maxwell, second; Company D, — William G. McNulty, captain; Henry 
E. Snow, first lieutenant; Company E, — Edwin N. Wright, captain; H. G. 
Hickok, second lieutenant; Company F, — FVancis McCue, captain; Andrew 
Smith, first lieutenant; James H. Ronalds, second; Company I, — Nelson B. 
Holcomb, first lieutenant. The regiment's term of service was three years. 

The valor of the volunteers from Troy was conspicuously displayed in many 
of the great battles of the Civil War. The sacrifice of the lives of such 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



201 



heroes as Colonel George L. Willard at Gettysburg and Colonel John Mc- 
Conihe at Cold Harbor ; the brilliant bravery of Major-General William B. 
Tibbits, deceased ; the resolute intrepidity of battle-scarred Brigadier-General 
Alonzo Alden ; the courageous deeds of gallant Major-General Joseph B. Carr, 
and the noble devotion and dauntless conduct of the other dead and livino- 

O 

defenders of the Country's flag from Troy will long be held in proud remem- 
brance by its patriotic citizens. 




MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL BANK. 



26 



CHAPTER XII. 

BANKS AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS. 
1 861-1875. 

THE advantages of more rapid and frequent means of transit through 
the city and to points beyond its limits than those furnished by the 
proprietors of the local stage lines led, in i860, to the organization of 
the Troy and Lansingburgh Railroad Company. The Common Council having, 
on August 20th, that year, granted it permission to construct a single track 
railroad through River, Adams, and Second streets to a point on the Greenbush 
Highway, near the bridge across the Wynants Kill, and the company, having 
signed the articles of association the same day, filed them on September 6th, 
in the office of the Secretary of State. The capital stock of $100,000 was 
divided into 1,000 shares, each having a value of $100. The first officers of the 
company, elected on February 19th, 1861, were: Thomas Symonds, president; 
John A. Griswold, vice-president; Miles Beach, secretary and treasurer; and 
William Barton, engineer. On Monday afternoon, July 15th, the work of 
constructing the road was begun on River Street, opposite the Manufacturers' 
Bank, and, on August 29th, the first passenger-car, drawn by a horse and fur- 
nished with a fare box, began running on the road. Several days later, five 
more cars were placed on it. On the completion of the road in 1862, it was 
extended the same year to Waterford. On February nth, 1862, the Troy 
and Cohoes Railroad Company was organized, of which John A. Griswold was 
elected president. The first car ran on the road on Saturday, October 10th, 
1863. On January 29th, 1867, the Common Council permitted the Troy and 
Lansingburgh Railroad Company to lay a track on Mill Street, extending the 
road from the Greenbush Highway to a point on Vandenburgh Avenue, and 
to lay one from the intersection of Second and Fourth streets northward on 
Fourth Street to Congress Street, and on it to Third, and' on the last to Ful- 
ton, to intersect the track on River Street. The company used the Fourth 
Street road from June 29th, 1S67, to December 30th, 1870. The Lansing- 
burgh and Cohoes Railroad, constructed in 1880, and the Waterford and Co- 
hoes Railroad, in 1884, together with the Troy and Cohoes Railroad, are now 
operated by the Troy and Lansingburgh Railroad Company. On September 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 203 

29th, 1889, the cars on the northern section of the Troy and Lansingburgh 
road, from Cemetery Avenue to the bridge at Waterford, began running under 
the Sprague electric single over-head wire system. On August 5th, 1890, the 
Common Council granted the Troy and Lansingburgh Railroad Company the 
right to extend its road along parts of Broadway, Fulton, Union, Third, 
Fourth, and Mill streets. On Sunday, August 10th, the company began run- 
ning its cars by the Sprague electric system between Waterford and Franklin 
Square, in Troy. The present officers of the Troy and Lansingburgh Rail- 
road Company are: Charles Cleminshaw, president, who succeeded William 
Kemp, on June 14th, 1887; Major-General Joseph B. Carr, vice-president; and 
Joseph J. Hagen, secretary and treasurer. 

The Troy and Albia Horse Railway Company was organized on January 
31st, 1866, by the election of Edward O. Eaton, president; James S. Knowlson, 
vice-president; George B. Warren, secretary, and Joseph J. Tillinghast, treas- 
urer. In November, that year, cars began running regularly on the road 
between River Street and the " Red Bridge," across the Poesten Kill. On 
Wednesday, July 9th, 1890, the company was re-organized, and Charles Clemen- 
shaw elected president; Anthony N. Brady, vice-president; and Joseph J. 
Hagen, secretary and treasurer. On August 5th, the Common Council granted 
the company the right to operate its road by horse, or cable, or electric power, 
and to extend its road along parts of Sixth, Ferry, Christie, Thirteenth, Four- 
teenth, Fifteenth, Hoosick, and Fulton streets, and Burdett and Fifth avenues. 

The first religious services conducted in the city in the German language 
were begun in 1855 by the Rev. Mr. Schwartz, pastor of the German Method- 
ist Church in Albany, who visited Troy and preached in a two-story brick 
building formerly standing on the north-west corner of First and Ferry streets. 
These Sunday services of the Germans were continued in the True Wesleyan 
Methodist Church, on the south side of Ferry Street, near its intersection with 
Congress Street; the Rev. F. W. Dinger of the New York Conference officiat- 
ing. On April 20th, 1856, a German Sunday-school, with four teachers and 
eleven scholars, was organized there; William Mackar being elected superin- 
tendent. On July 25th, 1857, the congregation worshiping in it was organized 
under the name of the First German Methodist Episcopal Church of Troy, 
and was incorporated on March 3ist,'i859. Later the congregation purchased 
two lots on the north-west corner of State Street and the alley, between Fifth 
and Sixth streets. Having received through the conference $1,800 from the 
sale of the property of the German Methodist Church in Albany, the society 
was enabled to erect the present brick house of worship on the east side of 
State Street. The building was dedicated on March 25th, 1863. 

Intending to organize a third Baptist society and to build a house of wor- 



204 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

ship in the northern part of the city, fifty-seven members of the First Particular 
Baptist Church were granted letters of dismission for that purpose, on May 8th, 
1843. On June 6th, they associated themselves under the name of the North 
Baptist Church, and called the Rev. Leland Howard to the pastorate of the 
society, which began worshiping in the Presbyterian session-house, No. 71 
Fourth Street. There on July 3d, they elected Gilbert Geer, John C. Lang- 
don, Isaac Wellington, Harvey Smith, Otis G. Clark, Joseph C. Taylor, Elias 
Johnson, Evert Ostrander and Abram A. Wemple trustees of the church. 
Having purchased on August 24th, three lots on the south-east corner of El- 
bow and Fifth streets, they began building there a brick meeting-house, the 
corner-stone of which was laid on September nth. The edifice was dedicated 
on May 23d, 1844. On October 28th, 1852, it was burned with a number of 
other buildings. The church was rebuilt and dedicated on June 26th, 1853. 
The second edifice was burned in the great fire of May 10th, 1862. The 
present building was erected that year, and in December, services were held 
in the lecture-room. The church was dedicated on May 14th, 1863; the Rev. 
E. L. Magoon, D. D., of Albany, preaching the dedicatory sermon. In 1878, 
the auditory was refitted at an expense of about $3,000. In the summer of 
1887, the front of the building was remodeled and the Sunday-school room 
renovated and refurnished. The Rev. H. O. Hiscox has been pastor of the 
church since May 1st, 1884. 

The Troy Academy, projected in 1834, was incorporated by an act of the 
Legislature passed on May 5th, that year. A second act was passed on May 
8th, 1837, to revise the former act and to constitute the academy a depart- 
ment of classical literature of the Rensselaer Institute. On May 8th, 1838, 
the city conveyed to the trustees the Lancasterian school-house and the lot on 
which it was built, on the north-west corner of Seventh and State streets. In 
the fall of that year, the academy was opened with Charles H. Anthony as 
principal and John P. Isham, assistant teacher. On February 5th, 1839, tne 
institution was placed under the supervision of the Regents of the University 
of the State of New York. From 1858 to May 2d, 1889, T. Newton Willson 
was principal of the academy. His successors, Carroll Lewis Maxcy and 
Frank Coe Barnes, established, in the fall of that year, a department of mili- 
tary instruction in the academy, under the charge of Lieutenant Wait H. 
Stillman of the Troy Citizens' Corps. 

St. Mary's Commercial Academy, No. 237 Fourth Street, traces its origin 
to a boys' school established by the Rev. Peter Havermans, about the year 
1847, in a building erected by him on the same street. The institution was 
first called St. Joseph's Academy, and about the year 1866, took the name of 
the Christian Brothers' Academy. In 1878, St. Mary's Commercial Academy 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 205 

was built. A corps of the Brothers of the Christian Schools has charge of 
the institution. 

The Troy Commercial College had its origin in Bryant, Stratton, & Fol- 
som's Commercial College opened, in 1865, in Young's Building, No. 9 First 
Street. It was incorporated under its present name on April 12th, 1871. In 
1872, it was moved to the Troy Daily Times Building. On May 1st, 1876, 
Thomas H. Shields and Harrison B. McCreary took the management of the 
institution. After the burning of the Times Building on February 10th, 1878, 
the sessions of the school were conducted in the building No. 267 River Street 
until May 1st, that year, when they began in Kennedy Hall, No. 13 Third 
Street. On the death of H. B. McCreary, on June 28th, 1887, the proprietor- 
ship of the institution passed to Thomas H. Shields, who, in May, 1888, 
removed it to the new three-story brick building, Nos. 71 and 73 Fourth 
Street, occupying the site of the Presbyterian Session-house built there more 
than a half century ago, where in large and handsomely furnished rooms more 
than three hundred students are annually instructed in penmanship, book- 
keeping, commercial law, banking, correspondence, stenography, type-writing 
and telegraphy. 

On Thursday evening, January 5th, 1854, a meeting of citizens was held in 
the court-house to consider certain proposals made to establish a college at 
Troy. At a second meeting on June 10th, a committee was appointed to 
solicit money to purchase a site and to erect a building. About $200,000 hav- 
ing been subscribed, a part of " great lot A," on the east side of Eighth Street, 
was purchased, and on October 1st, 1856, the corner-stone of the college build- 
ing was laid. On September 8th, 1858, the first term of the institution, named 
the Troy University, began under the presidency of the Rev. John McClin- 
tock, D. D.; the number of students being about sixty. In July, 1S62, the 
first class was graduated. By the inability of many persons to pay their sub- 
scriptions, the building and its site was sold under a foreclosure of a mort- 
gage of $1 1,000 to Peck & Hillman, real estate brokers, for $7,000; the liabili- 
ties of the institution aggregating more than $55,000. On December 2d, 
1862, the firm announced by an advertisement that the university could "be 
retained for the purpose for which it was intended" should money sufficient to 
liquidate the indebtedness of the institution be subscribed. Although a num- 
ber of persons made subscriptions amounting to $7,500, the needed sum was 
not contributed and the property was sold for $60,000, on December 6th, to 
the Rev. Peter Havermans, agent for the Most Rev. John Hughes, archbishop 
of New York. The building was erected at a cost of $197,000, being four 
stories high, two hundred and fifty-nine feet long and about fifty feet wide. In 
October, 1864, it was opened as a provincial seminary of the Roman Catholic 



206 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Church for the instruction of candidates for the priesthood. On December ist, 
that year, it was consecrated by the Most Rev. John McCloskey, archbishop of 
New York, who placed it under the protection of Saint Joseph; the institution 
taking the name of St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary of the State of New York. 
The Very Rev. Canon Van den Hende was president of the seminary from 
1864 to 1 871, when he was succeeded by the Very Rev. Henry Gabriels, D. D., 
who previously had filled the chair of dogmatic theology in the institution. 

The Troy City Bank 
was incorporated by an 
act of the Legislature, 
passed April 19th, 1833, 
with a capital of $300,000. 
At a meeting of the stock- 
holders on Wednesday, 
July 10th, at Washington 
Hall, No. 331 River 
Street, Richard P. Hart, 
Robert D. Silliman, Alsop 
Weed, Henry Vail, John 
T. McCoun, George B. 
Warren, Job Pierson, 
Abraham Van Tuyl, Gil- 
bert Reilay, William P. 
Haskin, Thaddeus B. 
Bigelow, Anson Arnold, 
and Elnathan F. Grant 
were chosen directors of 
the institution. They 
elected Richard P. Hart 
president, and George R. Davis cashier of the bank. The institution began 
business in a room over the store of Buskirk & Proudfit, No. 3 Franklin Square. 
On the completion of the brick banking-house built on the south-east corner 
of Fourth and Grand Division streets, the institution was removed to it on 
September 13th. The building was burned in the great fire of Saturday, May 
10th, 1862. Fortunately when the vault was opened on Monday, its contents 
were found uninjured, and the business of the bank was resumed that day at 
No. 220 River Street. On June 13th, 1863, the present iron, fire-proof build- 
ing, on the site of the former banking-house, was occupied. Under the gen- 
eral banking law of the state, the bank was reorganized on January ist, 1863, 
with a capital of $300,000. On January ist, 1865, the Troy City National 




TROY CITY NATIONAL RANK. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



20/ 



Bank was organized with a capital of $500,000, which, on May 10th, 1877, 
was reduced to $300,000 by a payment of $200,000 to the stockholders. On 
January 1st, 1885, the franchise of the bank was renewed for a second period 
of twenty years. George A. Stone, the present president of the institution, 
was elected to the office on September 28th, 1885, having been cashier of the 
bank from February 15th, 1873, to that time. 




Troy Y. M Association. Mutual National Bank. Troy Savings Bank. 

NORTH-EAST CORNER OF FIRST AND -STATE STREETS. 

The first meeting of the organizers of the banking association, which, six 
days afterward, took the name of the Union Bank of Troy, was held at the 
office of Mallary & Ingalls, at No. 275 River Street, on December 18th, 1850. 
The committee appointed that day having solicited subscriptions to the stock 
of the projected institution, the organization of the association was effected 
on December 24th, at the same place, by the election of Joel Mallary, Ludlow 
A. Battershall, Jonathan W. Freeman, William F. Sage, Philip T. Heartt, 
David B. Cox, Richardson H. Thurman, John Kerr, Hiram B. Ingalls, Wil- 
liam McKee, and Lyman Bennett, directors. On December 28th, at the same 
place, the directors elected Joel Mallary president, and John Kerr vice-presi- 
dent of the institution, and Thomas W. Lockwood director in place of Wil- 



20S 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



liam McKee. On April nth, 1851, the Union Bank of Troy began business 
at the store of Weed & Thurman, No. 349 River Street, with a capital of 
$250,000. Shortly afterward the institution was removed to the new banking- 
house, No. 12 First Street. On March 21st, 1865, the institution was changed 
into a national bank under the name of the Union National Bank of Troy, 
with a capital of $300,000. Desiring a central location in the city for its place 
of business, the bank in the spring of 1887 purchased the property north of 
the site of the Government Building, on Fourth Street, between Broadway 
and Fulton Street, and there erected the handsome and finely-furnished three- 
story brick banking-house which the bank occupied on April 28th, 18S8. 




VIEW OF FIRST STREET, SOUTH OF STATE STREET. 
(National State Bank on east corner.) 

Lewis E. Gurley, the present president of the institution, was elected to the 
office on January 14th, 1887, and succeeded his brother, William Gurley, who 
died on January 10th, that year. The present cashier, A. R. Smith, was 
elected to the position on December 1st, 1874. 

The State Bank of Troy was organized on April 14th, 1852, under the gen- 
eral banking laws of the State of New York, at the store of Henry Ingram & 
Co., No. 251 River Street, with a capital of $250,000. The first directors of 
the institution were Ralph J. Starks, John Hitchins, Philip S. Dorlon, David 
'Carr, George Dana Wotkyns, D. Valentine, Willard Gay, Alfred B. Nash, 
James Wager, J. G. Bacon, George W. Hicks, J. F. Simmons, Lyman R. 
Avery, and Henry Ingram. They elected Ralph J. Starks president; Henry 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 209 

Ingram, vice-president; and Willard Gay, cashier. On September 2d, the 
bank began transacting business in its brick building on the south-east corner 
of First and State streets. The institution became a national bank, under the 
name of the National State Bank of Troy, on April 15th, 1S65, with a capital 
of $250,000. The present president, Willard Gay, was elected to the office 
on February 1st, 1887. Julius S. Hawley, the present cashier, was chosen on 
February 1st, 1SS7. 

The Manufacturers' Bank of Troy was organized in August, 1852, at No. 7 
State Street, with a capital of $200,000. The first directors of the institution 
were Arba Read, Harvey Smith, Dennis M. Fitch, John Mairs, Robert Christie, 
jr., Charles W. Thompson, Titus Eddy, John C. Mather, John S. Christie, and 
William Stevenson. At their first meeting, Arba Read was elected president, 
Charles W. Thompson, vice-president, and John S. Christie, cashier. In the sum- 
mer of that year, the banking-house, No. 13 First Street, was erected, in which, 
in October, the bank began transacting business. On May 1st, 1856, the insti- 
tution removed to its present three-story brick building, erected in 1855, at 
the intersection of River and King streets, on the site of the Troy and Green- 
bush Railroad depot. On December 27th, 1864, it became a national bank 
under the name of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Troy with a capital 
of $150,000. George P. Ide, the present president of the bank, was elected to 
the office on January 9th, 1883. 

The Mutual Bank of Troy was organized under the general banking law of 
the State of New York, on November 24th, 1852, with a capital of $250,000. 
The first directors of the institution were Jonas C. Heartt, James Morrison, 
jr., Job S. Olin, John P. Albertson, Nathaniel Potter, jr., John G. Buswell, 
Elias Ross, Henry C. Lockwood, and Joseph U. Orvis. They elected John 
P. Albertson president of the bank, Joseph U. Orvis, vice-president, and 
George A. Stone, cashier. On January 18th, 1853, the bank was opened for 
business in the brick building, on the north-east corner of First and River 
streets, which the Farmers' Bank had occupied from 1820 to 1830. On March 
23d, 1865, the institution became a national bank under the name of the 
Mutual National Bank of Troy, with a capital of $250,000. In 1881-82, the 
banking-room was enlarged and renovated ; the bank occupying the vacant 
rooms of the Merchants and Mechanics' Bank, from November 15th, 18S0, to 
April 14th, 1 SS 1. A massive and spacious vault made of Chrome five-ply 
steel and iron, with fire-proof filling, was built in the banking-room, in January, 
1890, by Herring & Co. of New York City. The Hon. William Kemp, the 
present president of the bank, was elected to the office on July 17th, 1878. 
George H. Sagendorf has been cashier of the institution since February 14th, 

1873- 

27 



2lO TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The Central Bank of Troy was organized on December 29th, 1852, with a 
capital of $200,000. The first directors were J. Lansing Van Schoonhoven, 
Ralph Hawley, James T. Main, Martin I. Townsend, George H. Phillips, 
Lucius M. Cooley, Lawrence Van Valkenburgh, Volney Richards, Giles B. 
Kellogg, James Buel, Jason J. Gillespy, John Ranken, Orin Kellogg, William 
T. Dodge, and Orson Brewster. The bank began business in the building, 
No. 271 River Street, on December 29th, 1852. On May 1st, 1853, it was 
removed to No. 5 Second Street, and on May 1st, 1865, to No. 13 First Street. 
On October 21st, 1854, its capital was increased to $300,000. On April, 1867, 
the institution became the Central National Bank of Troy, with a capital of 
$300,000. On February 3d, 1883, Moses Warren, the present president of 
the institution, was elected to the office. 

After the burning of the Second Presbyterian Church, on the south-east 
corner of Sixth and Grand Division streets, on May 10th, 1862, the congrega- 
tion worshiped in Harmony Hall and in different churches until December 
17th, 1862, when the brick session-house, on the south side of the present 
church, on the west side of Fifth Avenue, between Fulton and Grand streets, 
was dedicated. On July 14th, 1864, the corner-stone of the second church 
was laid by the pastor, the Rev. Daniel S. Gregory. The building was dedi- 
cated on the evening of March 30th, 1865; the Rev. William H. Green, D. D., 
of Princeton Theological Seminary, preaching the dedicatory sermon. The 
clock in the tower was given the congregation in a bequest of $900 by Clar- 
ence Willard. 

Some of the musicians belonging to the Troy Brass Band, organized in 
1843, by John Forrester of West Troy, enlisted in the service of the United 
States and served in the ordnance department at Watervliet Arsenal until the 
close of the Mexican War. In 185 1, some of them became members of Jones' 
Cornet Band of Troy, which was formed that year, and of which E. P. Jones 
was leader until 1857. He was succeeded by Charles Doring, whose ability 
as a band master has obtained for Doring's Band more than a local fame. On 
Thursday, October 17th, 1 861, the members of the band, having enlisted as 
musicians, left Troy to be attached to the Second Regiment New York Vol- 
unteers. After serving eighteen months, they were discharged under the 
order discontinuing regimental bands. On December 18th, 1889, the band was 
incorporated under the name of " Doring's Troy Military and Orchestra Band." 

The Rev. Peter Havermans, having, in 1848, interested a number of citizens 
in the establishment of an asylum for orphan girls, obtained use of some of 
the rooms in the Troy Hospital for a temporary home for the orphans under 
his care. On September 30th, 1853, the corner-stone of St. Mary's Female 
Orphan Asylum, on the west side of Hill Street, between Washington and 



2! 

p 

IS 



z z 




212 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Adams streets, was laid. On the completion of the three-story brick building 
in 1854, the children were removed to it. The location being unsuitable, the 
brick building, No. 185 Third Street, was occupied in 1859. In 1865, the 
name of the institution was changed to that of St. Vincent's Female Orphan 
Asylum. In 1866, the buildings, Nos. 20 and 22, on Liberty Street, became 
the property of the institution. In May, 1872, the Troy Hospital, on the 
south-west corner of Washington and Fifth streets, was purchased, and in the 
fall of that year, the orphans were removed to it. In 1886, the large, four- 
story brick building, on the east side of Eighth Street, between Federal and 
Jacob streets, was erected, and on September 7th, that year, was occupied by 
the children. About two hundred girls are now under the care and instruc- 
tion of the Sisters of Charity, who have charge of the institution. 

The National Exchange Bank of Troy was organized in January, 1865, with a 
capital of $100,000, to succeed to the business of the Market Bank at No. 280 
River Street. In 1877, the bank discontinued business. Hiram Miller was 
president of the institution from 1S65 to 1877, and was succeeded by William 
Gurley. The office of cashier was filled by Shepard Tappen from 1S65 to 1877. 

The Farmers' Bank and the Bank of Troy having determined to discontinue 
business on February 27th, 1865, a number of the depositors of the two insti- 
tutions projected the organization of a national bank, under the name of the 
United National Bank of Troy, with a capital of $300,000. On March 7th, 
the organization was effected by the election of E. Thompson Gale, Joseph 
M. Warren, John L. Thompson, George H. Cramer, Uri Gilbert, Alfonzo 
Bills, Azro B. Morgan, Norman B. Squires, William A. Shepard, Alonzo 
McConihe, John Hobart Warren, Hanford N. Lockwood, and Thomas M. 
Tibbits directors. They elected E. Thompson Gale, president of the bank, fo 
which office he was annually elected until 1885, when, in consequence of ill- 
health, he declined a reelection to it. On April 13th, the bank began trans- 
acting business in the rooms previously occupied by the Bank of Troy, in the 
brick building on the north-west corner of First and State streets. On March 
19th, 1877, the capital of the bank was reduced to $240,000, $60,000 being re- 
turned to the stockholders. In 1884, the rooms occupied by the bank were 
enlarged and handsomely refitted, and a number of fire and burglar proof 
deposit and storage vaults constructed at the west end of the banking-room. 
The present president of the bank, George H. Cramer, was elected to the 
office, on May 15th, 1889. 

The First National Bank of Troy was organized on October 28th, 1863, at 
the office of Richardson H. Thurman, No. 245 River Street, with a capital of 
$200,000, at which time Thomas Coleman was chosen president and Richard- 
son H. Thurman cashier of the institution, which began business on January 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 2 1 3 

4th, 1864, at No. 218 River Street. On January 27th, the capital was increased 
to $300,000. On the completion of its banking-house, No. 15 First Street, 
the institution was removed to it on May 1st. On the termination of its 
charter, on February 24th, 1883, the bank discontinued business, returning, on 
March 20th, $300,000 to the stockholders, and on October 1st, paying them a 
surplus of $129,000. 

The National Bank of Troy was organized with a capital of $200,000, at 
No. 15 First Street, on February 24th, 1883 ; the First National Bank of Troy 
having that day lost its franchise by the termination of its charter. The board 
of directors, Thomas Coleman, Philip H. Neher, Francis A. Fales, James E. 
Kimball, Charles E. Dusenberry, Andrew M. Church, Lebbeus Burton, Otis 
G. Clark, Francis A. Ostrander, Shepard Tappen, Andrew B. Fales, Franklin 
W. Farnam, Josiah A. Waite, Daniel Klock, jr., and John Duke, elected 
Thomas Coleman to the presidency of the institution, who that day had re- 
tired from that of the First National Bank which he had held for twenty 
years. They also elected Francis A. Fales, vice-president, and George H. 
Morrison, cashier. The three officers still retain the same positions in the 
bank, which continues its business at No. 15 First Street. 

The order of the Sisters of St. Joseph, founded on August 29th, 1S61, began 
building in the summer of 1867 the brick convent on the east side of Fourth 
Street, opposite St. Joseph's Church ; the corner-stone of which was laid on 
August 25th, that year. 

From a Methodist Sunday-school, conducted in a school-house in Turner's 
Lane (Glen Avenue), the society now known as Grace Methodist Episco- 
pal Church of Troy originated. The founders of the society attending religi 
ous services there, elected on March 1st, 1852, Titus Eddy, Oliver Boutwell, 
George Smith, Samuel G. Sargeant, E. R. Swasey, and Sylvester Cooper 
trustees of the organization, which they named "the Methodist Episcopal 
Church in North Troy." The Rev. John L. Cook, in 1853, had charge of the 
society, which was at that time more commonly known as the Batestown 
Mission. He also had charge of the Green Island Mission. In 1854, the two 
missions reported forty-six members; the Rev. Reuben Gregg having charge 
of them. On May 15th, that year, the society took the name of "the North 
Troy Methodist Episcopal Church." The first meeting-house of the society 
was erected in 1858 on the west side of Vail Avenue, betwee.n Douw Street 
and Turner's Lane, and dedicated on December 10th, that year. In 1867, the 
society adopted the name of " The Vail Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church," 
and, on April 2d, 1888, changed it to "Grace Methodist Episcopal Church of 
Troy." The corner-stone of the new church on Sixth (Vail) Avenue was laid 
on August 1 6th, 1888. The edifice was dedicated on Sunday, June 2d, 1S89. 



214 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The Rev. Peter Havermans, about the year 1850, founded an asylum for 
orphan boys at No. 237 Fourth Street. Having erected, in 1854, a large three- 
story wooden building on the east side of Fifth Street, between Washington 
and Adams streets, he gave it the name, St. Mary's Male Orphan Asylum, 
and removed the children to it. On Saturday night, May 5th, 1866, it was 
set on fire intentionally by one of the boys in the institution, and was burned 
to the ground. The orphans, about two hundred in number, under the charge 
of the Christian Brothers, were temporarily cared for by a number of charit- 
able people until the erection of another building on the same site was com- 
pleted ; the material of the military barracks, on the grounds of the Rensse- 
laer County Agricultural and Manufacturers Society, forming the greater part 
of the structure. The present asylum, on the north-east corner of Bedford 
and Hanover streets, was then building ; the corner-stone of which was laid 
br the Right Rev. J. J. Conroy, bishop of Albany, on June 24th, that year. 
On its completion, in 1868, the children were removed to it. The brick build- 
ing is four stories high, and commands a fine view of the city. Seventeen 
trustees control its financial affairs, and a large corps of the Brothers of the 
Christian Schools has the care and education of the two hundred and more 
boys, between the ages of two and twelve years, who are at present inmates 
of the institution. About two hundred day scholars attend the school con- 
nected with it. 

A number of the members of the First Presbyterian Church, on March 
1 8th, 1866, organized a Sunday-school in a building on the west side of 
Tenth Street, north of Hoosick Street, with Aaron H. Graves as superintend- 
ent. Shortly afterward four lots were purchased on the north-west corner of 
Tenth and Hoosick streets, and a wooden chapel was erected there. The 
Sunday-school began holding its sessions in it on January 1st, 1867. The 
building was dedicated on July 1st, 1868 ; on which day in it the Oakw'ood 
Avenue Church was organized with fifty-four members by a committee of the 
Presbytery of Troy. 

The Ionic Club of Troy was organized on August 27th, 1S53. Its first offi- 
cers were S. Nelson Derrick, president; Lewis A. Rousseau, vice-president; 
and Henry B. Dauchy, secretary and treasurer. The club became incorpo- 
rated on August 6th, 1868. Its rooms are on the second floor of the building, 
No. 1 First Street, south of the Troy House. 

About the beginning of the year 1866, a Sunday-school, under the auspices 
of the First Presbyterian Church, was organized in Mechanics' Hall, on the 
south side of Mill Street. A number of Presbyterians interested in the 
school, who resided near the Wynants Kill, having in view the organization 
of a church, on April 8th, 1867, engaged the Rev. John Tatlock of Williams- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 215 

town, Massachusetts, to conduct religious services and preach to them in 
Mechanics' Hall. At their request, a committee of the Troy Presbytery 
organized there on June 19th, the South Presbyterian Church of Troy with 
twenty nine members. On May 1st, 1868, the Rev. John Tatlock resigned 
"his position as stated minister" of the congregation. The erection of a 
stone church and chapel was begun in May, that year, on the plot of ground 
on the north side of Mill Street, given the congregation by Henry Burden and 
Erastus Corning. On September 16th, the cornerstone of the double build- 
ing was laid. The name of the organization was then changed to that of the 
Woodside Presbyterian Church. In June, 1869, the first services were held 
in the chapel. The handsomely-finished church was dedicated on July 15th. 
Including the chapel at the north end of the church, the expenditures made 
for the erection and furniture of the building were not less than $75,000. A 
tablet set in the interior side of the south wall of the edifice displays the fol- 
lowing inscription : " Woodside Memorial Church, dedicated to the service 
of the Triune God, has been erected to the memory of Helen Burden by her 
husband, Henry Burden, in accordance with her long-cherished and earnest 
desire, 1869." The later-built stone chapel, on the east side of the church, 
used by the Sunday-school, is admirably furnished. The following inscrip- 
tion is lettered on a tablet on one of its walls : " Woodside Chapel. Erected 
A. D. 1883, by Margaret E. Proudfit, James A. Burden, I. Townsend Burden, 
in memory of their children." After the death of Henry Burden on January 
19th, 1 87 1, his surviving children erected to his memory the attractive manse 
on the west side of the church. 

In 1859, a Sunday-school was organized in a building, on the north side of 
Rensselaer Street, near River Street, subsequently known as the Rensselaer 
Street Mission Chapel. On July 1st, 1866, the school became the charge of 
the Second Presbyterian Church, for the use of which the congregation, in 
the spring of 1868, began erecting a chapel on the north-west corner of North 
Second and Jay streets ; four adjacent lots lying north of Jay Street having 
been purchased by the trustees of the church. The corner-stone of the brick 
building was laid on July 21st, that year. The Sunday-school held its ses- 
sions for the first time in the chapel on December 20th. Services were there- 
after conducted in it on Sunday afternoons by the Rev. William Irvin, pastor 
of the Second Presbyterian Church, and other ministers, until May, 1869, 
when the Rev. Ninian B. Remick, a graduate of Union Theological Seminary, 
was placed in charge of the mission. From the congregation worshiping in 
the chapel, the Troy Presbytery organized the Ninth Presbyterian Church of 
Troy with seventy-one members, on September 30th. The Rev. Ninian B. 
Remick, having been regularly called to the pastorate of the church, was or- 



2l6 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

dained and installed on October 28th. On May 3d, 1870, the church was in- 
corporated. The new chapel west of the church was dedicated on April 19th, 
1883. The manse on the north lot was built in 1883. 

The prevalence of fever among the immigrants who had come to Troy during 
the famine in Ireland between the years 1845 and 1848, compelled the city au- 
thorities to erect temporary buildings for their care and treatment. Sometimes 
as many as two hundred sick persons were thus sheltered. The afflicted 
people were mostly Roman Catholics, and the Rev. Peter Havermans daily 
visited and ministered unto them the means of physical relief and spiritual 
comfort. Their distressing circumstances suggested to him the need of a city 
hospital, and he undertook the collection of funds with which to erect one. 
His efforts were successful, and a site was obtained oh the south-west corner 
of Fifth and Washington streets. On Wednesday afternoon, August 15th, 
1848, the corner-stone of the Troy Hospital was laid by General John E. Wool 
of the United States Army. The four-story brick building, when completed 
in 1850, was used for the purposes contemplated; a number of Sisters of 
Charity taking charge of the institution. After the construction of the Union 
Railroad, the site became unsuitable for a hospital. In April, 1866, the prop- 
erty of Ebenezer Prescott, on the east side of Eighth Street, at the head of 
Fulton Street, was purchased by the managers of the Troy Hospital, for the 
site of a new building. The corner-stone of the four-story brick structure was 
laid on Sunday afternoon, June 28th, 1868, by the Right Rev. J. J. Conroy, 
bishop of Albany. In the fall of 1869, the old hospital was vacated and the 
new one occupied. The institution is still in charge of the Sisters of Charity, 
who latterly have had the care of as many as eight hundred patients within a 
year. The attendance, appointments, and charges are in every way satisfac- 
tory and advantageous. 

The beginnings of the Church of St. John the Baptist are traceable to the 
religious services conducted in the French language by the Rev. Peter Haver- 
mans in the basement of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. The French con- 
gregation, organized in 1850, purchased, in 1852, the Universalist Church, on 
the south-east corner of the alley, between First and Second streets. On Sep- 
tember 8th, that year, the building was dedicated. About one o'clock, on Mon- 
day morning, December 18th, 1854, it was discovered on fire and was rapidly 
burned to the ground. Afterward the congregation worshiped at St. Joseph's 
Church. At a meeting held in the hall of the Washington Market, on De- 
cember 16th, 1855, the congregation became incorporated under the name of 
the Church of St. John the Baptist, by the election of John Demers, Augustine 
Messirer, Etienne Lemai, Joseph Richard, and Pierre Bleau trustees of the 
church. The society was reorganized in 1S67, and on March 10th, that year, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 217 

at a meeting at Sinsheimer's Hall, the Right Rev. John J. Conroy, bishop of 
Albany, John B. Demers, and A. F. Rouleau were elected trustees of the 
church which took the name of The St. Jean Baptiste French Church of the 
city of Troy. The corner-stone of the brick church on the east side of Second 
Street, between Adams and Jefferson streets, was laid on July 19th, 1868, by 
the Right Rev. John J. Conroy. The building was dedicated on October 
24th, 1S69. 

On the morning of November 10th, 1869, Major-General John E. Wool 
died at his residence, No. 75 First Street, aged eighty-six years. The funeral 
of the distinguished soldier, on Saturday, November 13th, was attended by 
many officers of high rank in the United States Army. The body lay in state 
in St. Paul's Church. After the services there, an imposing procession of in- 
fantry, cavalry, and artillery followed the remains to Oakwood Cemetery, 
where they were interred with befitting military honors. 

In September, 1866, the Mt. Ida Baptist Mission Sunday-school was organ- 
ized and occupied a brick building on the south side of Congress Street, stand- 
ing on the present site of St. Francis' Roman Catholic Church. The school 
was conducted by the members of the First Baptist and the Fifth Street Bap- 
tist churches ; Cyrus Carter being superintendent. A meeting was held in 
the Sunday-school room, on Wednesday, February 12th, 1868, to revive the 
organization of the Second Baptist Society of Troy, at which meeting sixty- 
six persons signified their intention to become members of it. Reuben Cole, 
John Price, Frederick A. Sheldon, George Harrison, William H. Prentice, 
James P. Collins, James P. Gates, Edward A. Billings, and Lewis E. Gurley 
were then elected trustees of the society. An act to enable the Second 
Particular Baptist Church and Society of the City of Troy to repossess its 
property was passed by the Legislature, April 18th, 1868. The site of the 
church was purchased from the Marshall estate, and in November, that year, 
the contracts for the erection of the present brick edifice were made. On 
May 25th, 1869, the corner-stone was laid, and on the second Sunday in 
March, 1870, the church was dedicated. In 1875, the society became a self- 
sustaining body. The Rev. Arthur W. Wishart, the present pastor of the 
church, was called on June 4th, 1890. 

By the act passed by the Legislature on April 29th, 1870, that part of the 
eighth ward lying south of a line running easterly through the middle of 
Adams Street and a line running south-easterly through the middle of Hill 
Street, from its junction with Adams Street, to a point in the middle of the 
Poesten Kill, at the Hollow Road bridge, became the eleventh ward. By the 
same act that part of the ninth ward lying southerly of a line running easterly 
through the middle of Jackson and Trenton streets became the twelfth ward. 
28 



2l8 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

By the same act also that part of the tenth ward lying northerly of a line run- 
ning through the middle of Middlebursfh Street, became the thirteenth ward. 

The corporate name, "The Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Commonalty 
of the City of Troy" given by the charter of April 12th, 18 16, was changed by 
the act of Legislature of May 3d, 1870, to that of "The City of Troy." 

In the spring of 1864, a number of Jews statedly worshiping in a room in 
the Wotkyns Building, on the north-west corner of Congress and First streets, 
fitted and furnished a room on the third floor of the Vail Building, on the 
north-east corner of Congress and River streets, in which to hold religious 
services. The congregation took the name of Bickur Cholom, and was served 
by Louis Neusted as chazan or reader. On March 26th, 1866, the congrega- 
tion became incorporated under the name of Berith Sholom. In the spring 
of 1870 the society began buiiding the brick synagogue on the west side of 
Third Street, between Division and Liberty streets. The corner-stone was 
laid on June 12th, and on September 22d, the edifice was dedicated. 

On August 7th, 1870, some of the members of the Jewish congregation 
statedly worshiping in the Vail Building, met at the residence of Jacob 
Cohen, No. 133 River Street, and by the election of five trustees became 
incorporated under the name of Beth Israel Bickur Cholom. In 1874, the 
congregation began holding meetings in the building, Nos. 8 and 10 State 
Street, between River and First streets, where it still worships. 

A number of Episcopalians, who had been attending religious services in 
Mechanics' Hall, on Mill Street, conducted by the Rev. E. S. Widdemer, met 
there on November 15th, 1866, and appointed a committee to obtain the 
means to support a clergyman and to build a church in that part of the city. 
The different Episcopal churches in Troy having promised to contribute the 
sum of $900 annually to the mission, another meeting was held at the same 
place on November 20th and the congregation became that day an incorpo- 
rated body under the name of The Rector, Church Wardens and Vestrymen 
of St. Luke's Church in the city of Troy, by the election of Frederick A. 
Stow and William Shattock church wardens, and Charles W. Tillinghast, 
Stephen E. Warren, Peter Thalimer, George B. Smith, Robert Bainbridge, 
Thomas Edgley, Henry Evans, and Samuel Kirkbride vestrymen. On De- 
cember 19th, John F. Winslow tendered the congregation the plat of ground 
on which the erection of the church was begun in the following year. The 
Rev. Thomas W. Coit, D. D., of St. Paul's Church laid the corner-stone of 
the building, on Saturday evening, July 20th, 1867. The first services were 
held in the church on May 17th, 1868. The building was dedicated on June 
3d, 1869, by the Right Rev. William Croswell Doane, bishop of Albany. 

The burial of Major-General George H. Thomas, at Oakwood Cemetery, 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 2 [ 9 

on April 7th, 1870, drew to the city a large number of the officers of the 
general and state governments, including President Grant and the members 
of his cabinet, Generals Sherman, Sheridan, and Meade. The funeral pageant 
was a most imposing one. The body was brought from San Francisco, where 
the valiant officer had died on March 28th. The services for the burial of the 
dead were conducted in St. Paul's Church, where the body lay in state dur- 
ing the early hours of the day. 

On Sunday evening, February 14th, 186S, the Rev. George H. Walsh, 
D. D., of St. John's Episcopal Church, organized, at the house of William 
Cox, on Congress Street, Ida Hill, St. John's Free Mission with forty-four 
members. The Sunday-school of the mission, organized on Friday evening, 
February 19th, held its first session on the following Sunday, seven teachers 
and forty-four scholars being present. The meetings of the mission were first 
held in a room in a building in the rear of the Ida Hill cotton mill ; afterward 
they were held in the building, No. 326 Congress Street, and later, in the 
upper part of the house, No. 322 Congress Street, then standing on the pres- 
ent site of St. Francis' Roman Catholic Church. Franklin W. Farnam and 
Jane K. Farnam, his wife, members of St. Paul's Church, having become 
interested in St. John's Free Mission, determined to erect an edifice for-its 
use to be called The Free Church of the Ascension. The site of the building, 
on the south side of Congress Street, opposite Mount Ida Falls, having been 
purchased, the work of erecting the stone building was begun in the summer 
of 1869. The corner-stone of the cruciform structure was laid by the Right 
Rev. William Croswell Doane, bishop of Albany, on October 19th, who on 
February 1 8th, 1871, consecrated the church. The total cost of the Gothic 
edifice, built according to the plans and specifications of F. M. Cummings, 
architect, was $80,000. In the tower, one hundred and six feet high, the 
donors placed a chime of nine sweet-toned bells. On January 1st, 1873, the 
congregation became an independent and self-sustaining organization. The 
Rev. James Caird, who had been in charge of the mission, from Sunday, 
October 5th, 1870, became that day rector of the parish. The Farnam 
Institute, built by Franklin W. Farnam, in 1872, for a parish school, at 
a cost of $25,000, is on the north side of Congress Street, opposite the 
church. 

The site of the handsomely constructed stone church, on the north-west 
corner of State Street and Fifth Avenue, was purchased by the State Street 
Methodist congregation in the spring of 1867. The corner-stone of the build- 
ing was laid by the Rev. Truman Seymour, on Thursday afternoon, June 25th, 
1868. The last sermon preached in the old brick church, built in 1827, was a 
memorial discourse, delivered by the Rev. George W. Brown, on Sunday 



220 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



evening, February 26th, 1871. The new church was dedicated on Thursday 
morning, March 30th, by Bishop Matthew Simpson. The stone chapel, on 
the west side of the church, was erected in 1882. On Tuesday afternoon, 
May 30th, the corner-stone was laid, and on Thursday afternoon, March 29th, 
1883, the building was dedicated. 




STATE STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AXD-CHAPEL. 

In January, 1868, Mrs. Susan N. McLane~and William D. McLane organ- 
ized a Sunday-school, which became the Yail Avenue Mission of the First 
Baptist Church of Troy. In 1869, a chapel was erected on the east side of 
Vail Avenue, a little south of the site of the present edifice and dedicated 
September 26th ; the Rev. George C. Baldwin preaching the dedicatory ser- 
mon. The Rev. Ezra D. Simons was placed in charge of the mission. About 
eighty members having received letters of dismission from the First Baptist 
Church, organized, on April 23d, 1871, a society, which took the name of 
the Vail Avenue Baptist Church. On April 27th, the society was consti- 
tuted a church by a Baptist council. In 1873, the chapel was enlarged. In 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



221 



1883, the building was moved to its present location, on the south-east corner 
of Sixth (Vail) and Cemetery avenues. 

The Presbyterian Church Home, No. 90 Fourth Street, was established on 
January 23d, 1871. 

In the winter of 1871-72 the organization of the Citizens' Steamboat Com- 
pany of Troy was effected with a capital stock of $250,000, divided into 2,500 
shares of $100 each. The first directors of the company, Norman B. Squires, 
Charles Eddy, Charles W. Farnam, Robert Robinson, Robert Green, Henry H. 
Darling, Charles L. MacArthur, E. D. Beach, James R. Fonda, William Kemp, 




THE CITY OF TROY OF THE CITIZENS LINE. 
(Photographed by Frank Bayer of Troy from the Watervliet Arsenal wharf. 1889.) 

Thomas D. Abrams, George W. Horton, and Joseph Cornell, were elected on 
January 22d, 1872. The articles of association were signed by the directors 
on February 19th. The steamboats, Thomas Powell and Sunnyside, having 
been purchased of Cornell, Horton & Co., of Catskill, N. Y., began plying 
as night-boats, between the city and New York, at the opening of navigation, 
in the spring. After the loss of the Sunnyside, on December 1st, 1875, tne 
company determined to build two boats which, in size and appointments, 
should surpass any of the boats previously plying between Troy and New York. 
The contract for the construction of one was given to John English & Son, of 
Greenpoint, L. I. On January 2d, 1876, the building of the boat was begun, and 



222 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

on April ist, she was launched and named the City of Troy. On the morning 
of June 15th, that year, she arrived at the steamboat-landing, at the foot of 
Broadway; Captain L. D. Deming, formerly of the C. Yanderbilt, commanding 
her. Previous to the City of Troy taking her place on the line, the Twilight, 
Captain C. D. Hancox, substituted the Sunnyside. The Saratoga was launched 
from the yard of John English & Son, on March 26th, 1877, and arrived at 
Troy on June 13th ; Captain T. D. Abrams, of the Thomas Powell, command- 
ing her. Captain Thomas D. Abrams has had the command of the Sara- 
toga since that time, and Captain G. D. Wolcott of the City of Troy since 
1878. 

The alleged kidnaping and drowning of William Morgan of Batavia, New 
York, in 1826, by the members of the order of freemasons brought for a time 
the fraternity into great disrepute in the United States and popularized the 
principles of the anti-masonic party formed in the following year in Western 
New York. The members of Apollo Lodge, as well as their masonic brethren 
in other places, were politically maligned and socially ostracised. Many with- 
drew from the organization and those who retained their connection with it 
were sometimes barely sufficient in number to elect officers. In March, 1834, 
the use of St. John's Hall in the Troy House having been relinquished, a 
room in the Mansion House, of less dimensions, was rented for the meetings 
of the members and was also called St. John's Hall. On account of the seces- 
sion of certain lodges in the State of New York, the others were renum- 
bered, and Apollo Lodge, in 1839, was designated No. 13 by the Grand 
Lodge. 

Apollo Commandery, No. 15, Knights Templars, was organized under a 
dispensation granted on August 1 2th, that year. The first officers were installed 
on August 26th. On June 4th, 1841, the Grand Commandery granted the 
warrant of the commandery. In 1842, Apollo Lodge, No. 13, occupied its 
new rooms in Masonic Hall, No. 279 River Street, south of Fulton Market. 

King Solomon's Primitive Lodge, No. 91, was chartered on June 4th, that 
year. On June 30th, the lodge was organized, and on August nth, its first 
officers were installed. Mount Zion Lodge, No. 311, was chartered on June 
13th, 1853, and instituted July nth. 

The different organizations desiring more suitable accommodations rented, 
in 1853, a number of rooms in the Mutual Bank building, on the north side 
of State Street, between First and Second streets, which they suitably fur- 
nished for their use. On December 27th, the new Masonic Hall was formally 
opened with a dedicatory address by Charles L. MacArthur. Bloss Council, 
No. 14, R. and S. M., was organized on November 23d, 1859, under the dis- 
pensation and warrant granted on November 16th. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



!23 



The rooms in the Mutual Bank building being too small for the different 
masonic bodies meeting in them, it was " deemed advisable to procure a site 
and erect a building" suited to the wants of the respective organizations. To 
further the plans under consideration, the Legislature was petitioned to pass 
an act incorporating the Troy Masonic Hall Association. On January 17th, 




SITE OF THE HALL BUILDING, 1870. 

1871, the property of Elisha Waters, on the west side of Third Street, between 
Broadway and Fulton Street, was selected for the site of the projected build- 
ing; the erection of which was begun on June 19th. The corner-stone was 
laid on August 2d, and on Tuesday afternoon and evening, the Temple was 
dedicated with becoming exercises. The edifice has a frontage of fifty feet on 



224 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 




Third Street and a depth of one hundred and thirty-four. It is four stories 
high, and of a composite architecture. The rooms are spacious and the 
appointments ornate and elaborate. The cost of the site, building, and furni- 
ture was about $90,000. 

The stately structure erected by Benjamin H. Hall in 1 871, on the corner 

of First and River streets, occupies the 
site of " The Lane Row" burned in the 
fire of 1820. The attractive architecture 
of the Hall Building has been a marked 
improvement to its site, which previously 
was covered with a number of plain and 
unpretentious structures. 

In the spring of 1869, the building of 
St. Paul's Parish House, on State Street, 
was begun. On July 4th, the corner- 
stone was laid by the rector, the Rev. 
Thomas W. Coit, D. D., LL. D. The 
chapel, on the second story, was conse- 
crated by the Right Rev. William Cros- 
the hall building, 1S71. well Doane, bishop of Albany, on St. 

Paul's Day, 1871. The rooms of St. Paul's parish school are on the first floor of 
the grey-stone building. The German congregation of St. Paul's Church or- 
ganized in 1 88 1 by the assistant minister, the Rev. Johannes Rockstroh, began 
worshiping in the chapel on the second Sunday of October, that year. 

The Martha Memorial House, at the north side of the church, erected and 
furnished by Joseph W. Fuller and his wife, in memory of their deceased 
daughter, Martha W. Fuller, was presented to the church by the Rev. Elipha. 
let N. Potter, D. D., on All Saints' Day, November 1st, 1SS1. The addition 
on the north side of the building, erected in 1886, was formally opened on De- 
cember 9th, that year. It is occupied by the Sisters of the order of the Holy 
Child Jesus under the charge of Sister Kathryn. They visit the sick and the 
poor of the parish and perform other parochial work under the direction of the 
rector. The parish school, in charge of Miss Helen T. Forrester since i886 ) 
has an endowment of about $12,000. The Rev. Edgar A. Enos, rector of 
St. Paul's Church, began his duties in the parish, on Sunday, April 24th, 1887. 
The chancel of the church contains a beautiful Caen marble reredos, with 
English alabaster panels, and columns and shelf of Tennessee marble, given at 
Easter, 1886, in memory of Mrs. Phebe Warren Tayloe, born on September 
4th, 1804, and died on November 6th, 1884. ^ n it ' s a ^ so an elaborately made 
credence, given in memory of Mrs. Eliza A. Paine, born March 22d, 1801, and 




PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 
Church of the Ascension, St. John's, St. Paul's, Church of the Holy Cross, and Christ Chun li 



226 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

died December 20th, 1866. The white marble altar steps were the gift of 
William E. Hagan and family, in memory of Frank Covell Hagan, who died 
December 19th, 1882. The ornate brass lectern was presented on Easter, 
1880, by Mrs. Walter P. Warren, in memory of her brother, Edward Ingersoll 
Warren, born July 1 8th, 1858, and died April 8th, 1878. The brass corona 
was the gift of the late Hon. James Forsyth, in 1880. In 1881, Mrs. John L. 
Thompson gave the church a handsomely-wrought silver communion service 
in memory of her deceased husband. The finely illuminated panels on the 
sides of the chancel were painted and given by Mrs. E. Warren Paine. 

In 1871, the congregation of St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church was 
organized and the Rev. John Joseph Swift was placed in charge of it. In 1872, 
a weather-boarded church was erected on the west side of Vail (Sixth) Ave- 
nue, between Canal Street (Ingalls Avenue) and Douw Street. On the first 
Sunday in September, that year, mass was celebrated, for the first time in it. 
The corner-stone of St. Patrick's parish school-building, on the east side of 
River Street, was laid on July 29th, 1886. The large four-story brick 
structure has a frontage of seventy-five feet and a depth of ninety, and cost, 
with the furniture, $40,000. 

The congregation of St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church was organized 
by the Society of Jesus in 1S72. The corner-stone of the church, on the 
south-east corner of Stow and Willow streets, was laid on Sunday, November 
10th, that year. The brick edifice was consecrated by the Right Rev. Francis 
McNeirney, on March 15th, 1874. 

The Troy and West Troy Bridge Company, incorporated on April 23d, 
1872, beo-an constructing the bridge across the river at Congress Street, in the 
fall of that year. The bridge was opened to the public on Friday, October 
2d, 1874. The structure cost about $350,000. 

The corner-stone of the Home for the Aged Poor, a large four-story brick 
building, on the east side of Ninth Street, between Hutton and Hoosick 
streets, was laid on September 27th, 1874, by the Right Rev. Francis Mc- 
Neirney. The Little Sisters of the Poor, in charge of the institution, occu- 
pied the building in April, 1875. 

The site of the Troy Savings Bank, on the north-east corner of Second and 
State streets, was purchased by the managers of the institution in February 
and March, 1870; a part of the property being then in possession of the bank. 
The work of laying the foundation of the massive structure was begun on 
July 8th, 1871. The building was completed in the spring of 1S75. It has a 
frontage of one hundred feet on Second Street, and extends eastwardly to the 
alley one hundred and thirty. The finely embellished and furnished banking 
room is thirty feet wide and seventy long. The spacious auditory, known as 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Music Hall, in the upper part of the building, has a height of sixty feet, a 
width of sixty-nine, and a depth of one hundred and six, including the stage 
and organ platform. The sittings on the first floor and those on the two gal- 
leries and in the twelve boxes on each side of the auditory are accessible from 
lateral corridors, twelve feet wide. The sittings are about twelve hundred and 
fifty in number. The frescoes are highly artistic. A magnificent chandelier, 

r ; — 




THE TROY SAVINGS BANK. 

having two hundred and sixty gas-burners, depends from the center of the high 
ceiling. About $435,000 of the accumulated earnings of the bank were ex- 
pended in purchasing the site, in erecting and furnishing the building. On 
March 24th, 1875, the bank occupied the building. Music Hall was dedicated 
on Monday night, April 19th, that year, by Theodore Thomas, with a grand 
concert of orchestral and vocal music. On October 1st, 1890, the deposits of 
the bank amounted to $5,222,424. The large concert organ, forty-two feet 



228 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



wide and thirty high, built by J. H. & C. S. Odell, of New York City, was 
placed in the hall in October, 1890. 

The Brotherhood of St. Barnabas formally opened, on November 13th, 
1854, the House of Mercy, at No. 5 Harrison Place, as an asylum for aged 
indigent women. In June, 1858, the institution was removed to a larger 
building, No. 52 Federal Street, between Sixth and Eighth streets, which was 
burned in the great fire of May 10th, 1862. The asylum was rebuilt and 
again occupied. The institution, by an act of Legislature, passed April 17th, 







t — • — 1 ■— • — • 






iria* 




THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH HOME. 



1863, was incorporated under the name of " The Church Home of the city of 
Troy," with a board of fifteen trustees. The two-story brick home, on the 
north-east corner of Seventh Street and Broadway, erected in 1873, was 
dedicated on April 15th, 1874. The site, building, and furniture cost about 
$30,000. The convenient brick chapel, on the north side of the Church 
Home, was erected in 1880 to the memory of Mrs. Jacob L. Lane by her 
children. The institution is supported by the contributions of the Protestant 
Episcopal churches in the city. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 229 

On Monday evening, April 25th, 1870, a mission Sunday-school was organ- 
ized by the Park Presbyterian Church, in a room on the second floor of a 
weather-boarded building on the south-east corner of Pawlingf Avenue and 
Congress Street. With $1,500, given in 1871 by the Second Presbyterian 
Church of Troy as a memorial of the union of the Presbyterian Church in the 
United States, the erection of a wooden chapel was begun by the Sunday- 
school, in the fall of that year, on the south-west corner of Pawling and Elm 
avenues. On December 12th, a number of Presbyterians, residing near the 
chapel then building, and some of the members of the Third Presbyterian 
Church in Albia, which at that time was without a pastor, agreed to unite in 
calling one and to worship together in the chapel on the completion of the 
building. On January 7th, 1872, the Rev. Abner DeWitt became pastor of 
the congregation; preaching in the Third Presbyterian Church in Albia. The 
Memorial Chapel was dedicated on March 14th. The Rev. Abner DeWitt 
was installed on June 20th. On that day, thirty-eight persons were received 
as members of the congregation by letters of dismission from other Presby- 
terian churches. In October, 1877, the members of the Third Presbyterian 
Church, who had taken part in the organization of the congregation, in De- 
cember, 1 87 1, withdrew from it. The. remaining members, one hundred and 
forty-three in number, having requested the Presbytery of Troy to organize 
them as a new society by the name of the Mount Ida Presbyterian Memorial 
Church, were constituted a religious body by that title on October 16th. The 
chapel was destroyed by fire on the night of December 3d, 1877. The erec- 
tion of the brick church was beeun the same month, not far south of the site 
of the chapel; the congregation worshiping until June 16th, 1878, in the Far- 
nam Institute. The new edifice was dedicated on October 24th, 1878. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 
1 8 75- 1 889. 

THE need of a suitable building for the meetings of the Common Council 
and the transaction of municipal business became more apparent as the 
population increased and the affairs of the city multiplied. The diffi- 
culty of obtaining an eligible site for a city hall delayed the action of the 
authorities in undertaking the erection of one until 1875, when the Third 
Street Burial-Ground was chosen for its site. 

"An act to incorporate the City Hall Company of the city of Troy" was 
passed by the Legislature on May 7th, 1S69. The corporators were author- 
ized to purchase a site and to erect on it a public building to be used for a 
city hall and other purposes. The company was privileged to use a capital of 
$200,000, and to increase it to $300,000. The Troy Savings Bank was per- 
mitted to contribute money from the surplus funds of the institution to provide 
rooms in the building for the use of the bank and to own the property jointly 
with the company in proportion to the amount contributed to the capital. 
The purposes of the company were abandoned when the trustees of the Troy 
Savings Bank determined in 1870 to build a banking-house, on the north-east 
corner of Second and State streets. 

Edward Murphy, jr., mayor of the city, in his first message to the Common 
Council in 1875, advocated the erection of a city hall by the city: " If there is 
any public building our citizens need, it is a city hall. * Petitions, I 

learn, are in circulation among our citizens for the purchase of the Athena;um 
building. I am free to say that I am opposed to any such purchase. * 
I would, therefore, recommend that negotiations be entered into with the heirs 
of the Van der Heyden estate to have them relinquish their interests and rights 
(if any exist) in the land located on the south-east corner of Third and State 
streets, for the purpose of erecting thereon a city hall. The land was origi- 
nally donated to the city for a burial-ground, but as it is now no longer used 
for that purpose, it seems to me to be a most eligible location for the erection 
of a suitable public building to be known as a city hall." 

The Common Council, however, on April 1st, ordered a special committee, 



TROY'S ONE II UNBRED YEARS. 



2X\ 



appointed March 1 8th, to buy the Athenaeum building on First Street, which 
the city had partly occupied for a number of years. It was purchasable at 
$60,000; $25,000 in cash, and $35,000 in city bonds. The mayor vetoed the 
resolution on April 15th. 

On May 21st, 1875, an act was passed by the Legislature authorizing the 
city of Troy to purchase a suitable site in the city, and to erect thereon a city 
hall for the use and purpose of the corporation, at an expense not exceeding 
$120,000. The Third Street Burial-Ground was selected as the site of the 




THE CITY HAI.L. 

city hall on June 8th. The Van der Heyden heirs were paid $10,000 to surren- 
der their right, title, and interest in the property. On July 8th, the plan of 
M. F. Cummings, architect, was adopted. The disinterment of the bodies in 
the burial-ground began on Monday, July 12th, and was completed on August 
1st; the remains of two hundred and eight persons having been removed to 
Oakwood and other cemeteries at the expense of the city. The contracts for 
the erection of the building were awarded on July 23d. The corner-stone was 
laid by George M. Tibbits on Monday, November 15th. The building was 



232 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

completed and occupied in October, 1876. The edifice is one hundred and 
fifty feet long and eighty-three wide, built of Philadelphia pressed brick, with 
sand-stone and iron trimmings. The Common Council chamber, on the second 
story and north end of the building, is sixty feet long and forty wide. The 
public hall, on the same story, at the south end of the building, will contain 
1,000 people. The total cost of the city hall, including its site and furniture, 
was $119,761.61. The clock in the tower, made by the Howard Watch and 
Clock Company of New York, was purchased on May 15th, 1885, for $1,300. 
It began indicating time on Friday, August 21st. The east and west dials 
are eight feet in diameter, and the north and south, six feet. The fire-alarm 
bell, weighing 6,000 pounds, made by the Jones Bell Foundry Company, was 
placed in the tower on April 21st, 1887. 

The Tibbits Veteran Corps, composed of soldiers who had served in the 
Civil War, was organized on Monday evening, March 20th, 1876, at Pythian 
Castle, on State Street. On May 30th, it was mustered into the National 
Guard of the state by the name of the Fourth Separate Company. On that 
day it made its first public parade in Troy and was presented a handsome 
stand of colors by Brigadier-General William B. Tibbits, in whose honor the 
company had adopted the name it bore. On December 8th, 1877, its designa- 
tion in the National Guard as the Fourth Separate Company was changed to 
that of the Twelfth Separate Company. The first officers of the corps were : 
Joseph Egolf, commander; I. Seymour Scott, first vice-commander; Timothy 
Ouinn, second; and John Oathout, third. In December, 1885, in consequence 
of the expiration of their term of service, nearly all the members of the corps 
in the National Guard were discharged. The Twelfth Separate Company, 
now in command of Lieutenant A. W. Hill, is partly composed of former 
members of the Tibbits Veteran Corps. 

The Troy Citizens' Corps, organized on September 23d, 1835, at the Assem- 
bly Rooms, in the Troy House, having at the beginning of the Civil War lost 
many of its members by enlistment in the service of the United States, dis- 
banded in 1864. The protective character of the corps influenced a number 
of citizens, who had been connected with it, to undertake in the fall of 1S76 
the organization of a body of city soldiery similarly named. On Wednesday 
evening, November 29th, 1876, they met in the Troy Vocal Society's room, 
in Green's Building, on the south-east corner of Broadway and Fourth Street, 
and elected Walter P. Warren, president, Samuel D. French, vice-president, 
Alpheus Richards, secretary, and Philip F. Vanderheyden, treasurer of the 
corps. The requisite number of members having been enrolled, the first mili- 
tary officers of the new organization were elected on Tuesday evening, Janu- 
ary 2d, 1877: James W. Cusack, captain, Walter P. Warren, first lieutenant, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 233 

Ezra R. Vail, second, and LeGrand C. Cramer, third. On Tuesday evening, 
February 20th, the corps was mustered into the National Guard of the state 
of New York as the Sixth Separate Company. On Tuesday evening, May 
15th, E. Thompson Gale presented it with a beautiful stand of colors in mem- 
ory of his deceased son, Alfred deForest Gale. On May 30th, the corps 
made its first public parade. The designation, Twentieth Separate Company, 
was given it on December 8th. On February 4th, 1878, the name was changed 
to that of the Sixth Separate Company, which it still retains in connection with 
the National Guard of the state of New York. As an excellently-drilled and 
handsomely-uniformed body of local soldiery, the Troy Citizens' Corps justly 
merits the high commendations given it. The commissioned officers are 
James W. Cusack, captain, Elias P. Mann, first lieutenant, Wait G. Stillman, 
second, and William H. Shields, third; and the civil officers, Francis N. Mann, 
jr., president, C. W. Tillinghast, 2d, vice-president, Charles S. Brintnall, sec- 
retary, and William R. Bridges, treasurer. The Old Guard of the Troy Citi- 
zens' Corps was organized on July 25th, 1879. 

The finely-disciplined infantry company, named the Tibbits Cadets, in honor 
of Brigadier-General William B. Tibbits, was organized in December, 1876. 
The first officers of the company were Jacob H. Patten, captain, John Mearns, 
first lieutenant, and John E. Sharp, second lieutenant. It was mustered into 
the National Guard of the state of New York on Thursday evening, March 
1 st, 1877, as the Seventh Separate Company, at the old State Armory, on 
River Street, by Major George H. Otis. In February, 1878, it became the 
Twenty-first Separate Company of the Fifth Brigade of the Third Division 
of the National Guard of the state of New York. On the resignation of 
Captain Jacob H. Patten, in February, 1878, Edmund L. Cole was elected 
commanding officer of the company. He resigned the captaincy of the corps 
in August, 1883. On October 13th, 1884, Samuel Foster was elected to suc- 
ceed him, and he commanded the company until his resignation in 1888. On 
March 15th, that year, James H. Lloyd was elected captain of the organiza- 
tion. The other commissioned officers of the corps are Merrill W. Duns- 
paugh, first lieutenant, and Michael Sullivan, second lieutenant. 

Seminary Park, comprising lots 116, 117, 118, 86, 87, 88, and the space 
originally a part of the alley running from Congress to Ferry Street, between 
First and Second streets, has a frontage of two hundred and eighty feet on 
Congress Street, and a depth of one hundred and fifty feet. In 1802, the 
village trustees expended $300 for leveling, fencing, planting trees, making 
walks, and other improvements of the plat. In 1838, after the removal of the 
Presbyterian Meeting-House, the present iron fence was placed around the 
park. In 1841, under the superintendence of the Rev. N. S. S. Beman, D. D., 
3° 



234 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

a number of the boys attending the school conducted by Charles Anthony in 
a brick building on the east side of First Street, two doors north of Ferry 
Street, laid out the walks in the park. 

Washington Park, bounded by Second, Third, and Washington streets, and 
Washington Place, was so named on March 30th, 1840, and "devoted to the 
purpose of a private, ornamental park for the use and recreation of the owners 
of lots" fronting upon it. 

Beman Park, having an area of six acres, was given the city for a public 
park by John Sherry, on October 1st, 1878. From the fountain circle there 
is a fine prospect of the city and surrounding country. 

In November, 1858, a number of benevolent women opened an industrial 
school for poor children in the rooms of the Ladies' Home Missionary Society, 
in the building formerly the Congregational Free Church, on the east side of 
Seventh Street, between Albany and State streets. By an act of the Legis- 
lature, passed on April 10th, 1861, the institution was incorporated by the 
name of "The Children's Home Society." The society, it is said, was the 
first one incorporated in the state of New York wholly composed of women; 
twenty of them being its trustees. On May 1st, that year, the Tibbits man- 
sion, a two-story wooden building, on the east side of Seventh Street, between 
State and Congress streets, was purchased for $7,000 by the society, and for- 
mally dedicated to its use on June 27th. The name of the institution by an 
act of Legislature, passed on March 5th, 1866, was changed to that of the 
Day Home. In 1S79, E. Thompson Gale erected in memory of his son, 
Alfred deForest Gale, the Day Home chapel and school building, on the 
north side of the lot. The attractive edifice, thirty by fifty-five feet, built of 
Croton pressed brick, with Maiden stone trimmings, has on its first floor the 
school-rooms, and on the second, the chapel and parlor. On the handsomely- 
figured window, in the west wall of the chapel, is inscribed: "In memoriam, 
Alfred deForest Gale, born 8th Oct., 1845; died 30th March, 1877." The 
eighty or more children attending the school daily receive instruction in the 
rudiments of knowledge and in certain kinds of handiwork gratuitously given. 

The undulations of an earthquake were sensibly felt in Troy on Sunday 
afternoon, November 4th, 1877, about seven minutes before two o'clock. On 
Sunday afternoon, August 10th, 1884, two distinct vibrations of the earth were 
felt in the city about seven minutes after two o'clock. The undulatory mo- 
tion was from south to north, and the reverse. 

On March 9th, 1855, the act was passed by which the control of the water- 
works of the city was transferred to five commissioners: Harvey Smith, 
William F. Sage, Thomas Symonds, Joseph M. Warren, and Liberty Gilbert; 
the Common Council being empowered to elect their successors. In 1859-60, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 235 

1862, 1868, and 1869, new reservoirs were constructed along the Piscawen Kill. 
In 1861, a pump was placed in a building, near the State Dam, to supply a 
part of the city with water from the river. Afterward the machinery was 
moved to buildings south of the first station to pump water from the Hydrau- 
lic Canal into the lower mains. On March 19th, 1879, tne city purchased a 
plat of ground on the north-west corner of State and Washington streets, in 
Lansingburgh, for the site of a pumping station. A contract was made with 
the Holly Manufacturing Company of Lockport, N. Y., on May 7th, to erect 
and construct "two sets of pumping engines and boilers, with the necessary 
buildings, including the smoke-stack, the inlet-chamber in the Hudson River, 
the tunnel leading therefrom to the pump-well, a high service reservoir, and a 
thirty-inch rising or force main extending from the pumping station to the 
lower Oakwood Reservoir," a distance of three and one-sixth miles from the 
station; the consideration being $235,000. In June, the enlargement of the 
water-works was begun, and in February, 1880, water was pumped into the 
lower Oakwood Reservoir for the first time from the new station. 

The works in Lansingburgh embrace a one-story brick building, in which 
are two sets of Holly quadruplex engines, each capable of pumping six million 
gallons of water daily; and a two-story brick dwelling, in which the engineers 
reside. The thirty-inch main, through which water is forced into the lower 
Oakwood Reservoir, is 16,753 f eet l° n gi an d extends from the pumping station 
southward through Lansingburgh to Glen Avenue, where it deflects eastwardly 
and enters the lower Oakwood Reservoir, on the east side of Oakwood Ave- 
nue. The system of reservoirs of the Troy water-works begins with Bruns- 
wick Lake, in the town of Brunswick, about three miles east of Oakwood 
Avenue. Immediately west of it is Vanderheyden Lake. About two miles 
west of the lake, on the Link Road, is the high service reservoir, 382 feet above 
tide-water. About a half a mile west of it is the upper Oakwood Reservoir, and 
west of it, the lower Oakwood Reservoir on the east side of Oakwood Ave- 
nue. On the west side of the avenue is the low service reservoir. The sys- 
tem of distribution to different parts of the city embraces three divisions. The 
low service comprises that part of the city between the Hudson River and a 
plane of 202 feet above the height of tide-water. One main extends westerly 
from the low service reservoir along Glen Avenue to River Street, with branches 
to the north bounds of the city. Another from the same reservoir extends 
westerly along and across the Piscawen Kill to the pipes which formerly sup- 
plied water from the old distributing reservoir. One of the pipes distributes 
water along Eighth Street to Federal Street, and runs thence to River, Fourth, 
Ida, and to Third streets, across the Poesten Kill, thence to Madison, Fourth, 
to and across the Wynants Kill, to Water Street and to the south bounds of 



236 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the city. The other pipe extends south-westerly to the intersection of Canal 
Street and Sixth (Vail) Avenue, and runs thence to River Street, and thence 
along River Street southwardly to the central part of the city. The middle 
service includes that part of the city between a plane of 202 feet above tide- 
water and a plane of 290 feet above the same. The main supplying this 
division extends across the land of William H. Frear to Oakwood Avenue, 
thence along it to Tenth Street, People's Avenue, Ninth, Federal, Eighth, 
and Congress streets to the stone bridge across the Poesten Kill, on Pawling 
Avenue. The high service embraces that part of the city between a plane 
of 290 feet to a plane of 382 feet above tide-water. The main supplying this 
division extends from the high service reservoir across the fields to Burdett 
Avenue, thence to Tibbits, Brunswick, Pawling, and Maple avenues to Camp- 
bell's Highway, and thence along it to the Iron Works. At the close of the 
year 1888, about fifty-three miles of pipes had been laid for the distribution 
of water through the city. The total cost of the water-works, from 1833 to the 
close of 1888, as estimated, was about $1,177,000. 

Benjamin Marshall, for many years a manufacturer of gingham and other 
cotton goods, at his mills on the south side of Congress Street, near Mount Ida 
Falls, desiring to provide feeble-minded and diseased people with such care 
and comforts as might be needed by them, founded, in 1850, the infirmary, on 
Linden Avenue, near Pawling Avenue. The grounds, and the three-story 
brick building erected there that year, were then valued at $35,000. 

On June 20th, 1851, the institution was incorporated by the name of the 
Marshall Infirmary in the city of Troy. The administration of its affairs was 
intrusted to twenty-seven persons annually elected governors of the institu- 
tion. Every person contributing ten dollars to it and annually paying three 
dollars to its support is a member of the corporation; and every person con- 
tributing one hundred dollars and annually paying thereafter five dollars to 
the corporation besides being a member of it may recommend one sick person 
to be cared for at the infirmary, without charge, for six weeks in each year of 
his contribution; and every person contributing one thousand dollars becomes 
not only a life member, but is privileged to recommend one sick person to be 
cared for without charge for fifty-two weeks in each year; and every person 
annually paying ten dollars may recommend one sick person to the care of the 
institution without charge for four weeks in each year. Benjamin Marshall 
died on December 2d, 1858, having contributed in land and money about 
$70,000 to the institution. 

In 1859, the three-story brick building on the south side of the infirmary 
was erected by the supervisors of Rensselaer county for an insane asylum, 
and, in 1861, they built a similar structure, for lunatics, beyond the hill, on 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 237 

the grounds, east of the infirmary building. In 1880, a two-story brick build- 
ing was erected south of the insane asylum for the care of refractory patients. 
The grounds of the institution have an area of sixteen acres. The number 
of patients received into the different wards of the sick department, to January 
1st, 1889, was 7,542; and into those of the insane asylum, 1,803. Since Octo- 
ber, 1863, Joseph D. Lomax, M. D., has been the resident medical superin- 
tendent of the institution, which is now known as the Marshall Infirmary, and 
Rensselaer County Lunatic Asylum. In 1889, the officers of the institution 
were Thomas Coleman, president, Francis A. Fales, first vice-president, George 
A. Wells, second vice-president, George A. Stone, treasurer, and R. H. Ward, 
M. D., secretary. 

The Troy Telephone Dispatch Company was organized February 28th, 
1878, and began serving the public in an office on the second floor of the 
building No. 280 River Street. It was succeeded by the Commercial Tele- 
phone Company of Troy, which filed its articles of association on December 
30th, 1879. 1° May, 1880, the company rented rooms on the third and fourth 
floors of the Boardman Building, on the north-east corner of River and Ful- 
ton streets, which it fitted for its use. On November 25th, 1890, the com- 
pany was reorganized under the name of The Troy Telephone and Telegraph 
Company. The officers of the company are George P. Ide, president, and 
Abram N. Belcher, secretary and treasurer. 

A number of German people, at different times attending the religious ser- 
vices conducted in Troy by the Rev. Peter Eirich of St. Paul's German 
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Albany, formed themselves into a congrega- 
tion, of which the Rev. Theodore Maas, on September 3d, 1871, became 
pastor. On October 15th, the society was formally organized by the name 
of Trinity German Evangelical Lutheran Church of Troy. The congre- 
gation first worshiped in an upper room in Green's Building, on the south- 
east corner of Broadway and Fourth Street. Some years later the site of 
the present church was purchased by the society. The wooden building 
on the lot was renovated, and used for the services of the congregation 
until it was burned on December 7th, 1879. The corner-stone of the brick 
church was laid on August 2 2d, 1880. The building was dedicated on Jan- 
uary 1 6th, 1 88 1. 

The remarkable darkness of Tuesday morning, September 6th, 1881, was 
phenomenal. A heavy yellowish mist obscured objects a hundred feet distant 
from persons out of doors, and dimmed to a pale-blue brilliancy the burning 
gas-lights within doors. The children in some of the public schools were dis- 
missed and the operatives in a number of factories discontinued work. The 
darkness continued until about eleven o'clock when the sun began to dissipate 



238 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the murky vapor, which had dispread over the state of New York and parts of 
the adjacent states. 

The first dramatic exhibition given in Troy was that of the " Muse in Good 
Rumor," at Ashley's Inn, on Monday evening, May 20th, 1793, by "Mr. 
Moore," who had as a member of a theatrical company played in Albany, in 
December, 1785. The tickets for the admission of adults were sold at two 
shillings and sixpence, and those admitting children at one shilling and six- 
pence. The evening's entertainment began "at half-past seven o'clock pre- 
cisely." An African lion, "ten years old, three feet four inches high" and 
"eight feet from his nostrils to the end of his tail," was exhibited for a number 
of days, in October, 1800, at Ashley's Tavern. " Grown persons" were charged 
two shillings, and children one shilling for the gratification of seeing "the 
Kino- of Beasts." In August, 1803, "a new and elegant collection of wax 
fio-ures," was placed on exhibition in "Piatt Titus' Long Room," by "Messrs. 
Bishop & Dawson." In October, 1805, "a live elephant," on exhibition at 
Moulton's Coffee House, was seen for "twenty-five cents" by the curious 
inhabitants of the village. In December, 1822, "a novel exhibition of natural 
curiosities" was "viewed at Mr. Babcock's hotel," on River Street. The 
advertised attractions of the show embraced a dwarf cow from Spain, two feet 
nine inches high, "allowed by butchers of New York to be a complete model 
of a beauty in the animal creation;" a living coeater, an animal of the ape 
family, having a "great use of his tail;" and a learned bear which could "read, 
spell, subtract, multiply, and divide," and " make out any number with figures." 
The ears of the people visiting this aggregation of wonders were to be charmed 
with "music on King David's cymbal;" an instrument, as advertised, "of 
the kind used so much by the ancients, and calculated to excite animation, 
it beino- plaintive, lively, and melodious." Also by "music on the Leaf," ac- 
companied by the Violin and Organ. The sounds produced by the " Leaf," 
they were further informed, were "admired by the lovers of music, and con- 
sidered a great curiosity." In April, 1823, Mr. Keene was heard as a vocalist 
in a concert at Babcock's City Hotel, who played accompaniments on the 
piano-forte. A card of admission could "be had at the bar" for one dollar. 
In May, 1827, Mr., Mrs., and Miss Russell were seen in a theatrical entertain- 
ment at Mr. Churchill's store-room, on the corner of Fifth and Ferry streets. 
The pieces were "selected from moral authors." The front seats were re- 
served for ladies. 

The opening of the Troy Theater, in the Assembly Room of the Rensselaer 
House, on Tuesday evening, September 9th, 1828, by "Mr. Parker," with his 
"theatrical corps," was a local event of considerable interest to those who 
could " conscientiously enjoy " a play when public sentiment was so adverse 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 239 

to dramatical exhibitions. "Douglass, or the Noble Shepherd" and a farce, 
" Raising the Wind," were performed the first night. "The Young Widow," 
" Family Jars," "Fortune's Frolic," "Venice Preserved," "The Village Law- 
yer," and " Miss in her Teens," were billed for Friday, Saturday, Tuesday and 
Friday nights of that and the following week. The Assembly Room, having 
been fitted for a summer theater, with boxes for ladies, " The Mountaineers" 
was played there by a traveling company on Tuesday night, July 21st, 1829; 
Joseph Jefferson, the grandfather of Joseph Jefferson, the distinguished actor, 
making his first appearance as " Sadi," and Mrs. Joseph Jefferson, his daughter- 
in-law (Miss Burke, before marriage), "celebrated no less as an actress than 
a songstress," taking the part of "Agnes." On the following evening, July 
22d, "Mons. & Mad. Canderbeeck, from Brussels, the capital of Belgia," 
attracted an audience to a vocal and instrumental concert, "at the court-house 
in State Street." 

The hall on the second floor of the North Market, on Federal Street, was 
also fitted that year for dramatic performances, and, on July 4th, " Pizarro, or 
the Death of Rollo " was played there. The hall, at that time, had the name 
of the "Troy Theater." In February, 1847, the hall on the second floor of 
Fulton Market was fitted for theatrical performances, and was opened on 
Washington's birthday, with the play of " The Lady of Lyons," by A. Sullivan, 
manager. The hall on the second floor of Washington Market, on the north- 
east corner of Second and Division streets, was likewise used for the exhibi- 
tion of dramatic compositions. For a number of years the hall in the Cannon 
Place building was rented to persons giving concerts and exhibitions. Before 
she became famous as an actress, Charlotte Cushman entertained an audience 
there as a singer. 

Peale's Troy Museum, on the north-east corner of River and Fulton streets, 
was opened on Monday night, August 23d, 1847, with a grand concert of 
vocal music in which Mrs. Watson, and her little son, Master J. Paganini, ten 
years old, were the chief singers. The "performances and exhibitions," and 
the "entertainments adapted to juvenile visitors," given by the manager of 
the Museum were well patronized by the public. The play of " Uncle Tom's 
Cabin" had its first presentation on the stage of the Troy Museum. Mrs. 
George C. Howard obtained on its boards, in the role of " Topsy," her 
early fame as an actress. 

To build a large play-house, a number of capitalists organized the Troy 
Dramatic Building Association and erected, in 1855, the Troy Adelphi, seating 
fourteen hundred people, on the east side of Third Street, between Albany 
and Fulton streets. The Adelphi was opened on Monday night, October 2 2d, 
1855, with the play of " Love's Sacrifice, or the Rival Merchants." The last 



240 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

performance in it was on Saturday night, September 13th, 1862. On Friday 
morning, October 10th, that year, a few minutes before one o'clock, the theater 
was discovered on fire, and was quickly burned. On its site a new play-house, 
named Griswold Hall in honor of John A. Griswold, was built in 1863. It was 
opened with a grand concert on Monday night, January nth, 1864. On Sat- 
urday morning, April 1st, 1871, the building was discovered on fire, and was 
soon in ruins. The Griswold Opera House, built on its site in 1871, was 
opened on Monday night, October 30th, that year, with the " Lady of Lyons;" 
Mrs. Emma Waller, the lessee, taking the role of "Pauline." 

Rand's Hall, on the north-west corner of Third and Congress streets, used 
as a concert-room, a lecture-room, and a place of exhibition, was enlarged and 
fitted for dramatic representations in 1872. On Monday evening, November 
nth, that year, it was formally opened as Rand's Opera House with readings 
by Mrs. Scott Siddons. In 1888, the floor was lowered and the interior re- 
novated and enlarged. 

The Grand Central Theater on the west side of Fourth Street, between 
Broadway and State Street, previously the First Unitarian Church, was opened 
as a variety theater, on Monday night, June 7th, 1S75. The building was 
burned on Saturday morning, December 24th, 1881, before daylight. In 1882, 
it was re-constructed and again opened as a play-house. On March 21st, 
1887. it was again burned. The Troy Commercial College now occupies 
its site. The Gaiety Theater, No. 405 River Street, was opened in the fall 
of 1888. 

Tradition relates that the first postmaster, Nathan Williams, in 1796, made 
use of a part of the law office of John Woodworth, a small building on the 
east side of First Street, two doors north of Ferry Street, for a post-office. 
In 1802, it was on Congress Street, next door east of Francis Yvonnet's store 
on River Street. From there it was moved by David Buel to his store on 
River Street. When Samuel Gale was appointed postmaster, a small room 
was fitted for it in his drug store, on the west side of River Street, two doors 
north of Congress Street. From there, William Pierce, the sixth postmaster, 
removed it to a building on the west side of River Street, No. 173, between 
Congress and State streets, and, in 1830, to No. 6 State Street, on the south- 
east corner of the alley, between River and First streets. George R. Davis, 
the ninth postmaster, in May, 1846, removed it to the Athenaeum building, 
on the east side of First Street, between River and State streets. Gilbert 
Robertson, jr., the eighteenth postmaster, moved it on Saturday, April 2 2d, 
1882, to the Masonic Temple, on the east side of Third Street, between River 
Street and Broadway, where it now is. The first letter-carrier in Troy was 
Charles B. Bishop, who was appointed in January, 1836. He began carrying 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



241 



letters in the city on January 29th, that year, receiving two cents for the de- 
livery of a letter and a half cent for a newspaper. The present free delivery 
system was inaugurated in Troy in 1864, with five carriers. 

The old Baptist meeting-house on the east side of Third Street, between 
Congress and State streets, having been removed, the brick edifice now 
occupying its site was erected in 1846. In 1881, the work of remodeling the 
front of the building was begun. A new baptistry was placed beneath the 
pulpit-platform, and the rooms in the basement were enlarged and refur- 
nished. The Rev. George C. Baldwin, 
D. D., who began the highly-blessed 
labors of his long ministry in Troy as 
pastor of the First Particular Baptist 
Church, on August 25th, 1S44, had his 
resignation reluctantly accepted by the 
society on Friday evening, November 
6th, 1885. The Rev. L. M. S. Haynes, 
D. D., the present pastor of the church, 
began his ministerial work in Troy on 
April 1st, 1886. 

In July, 1881, the congregation of 
the Second Street Presbyterian Church 
began the work of renovating and en- 
larging the edifice in which it had wor- 
shiped since 1834. The galleries were 
removed, the auditory was refitted and 
repainted, a new pulpit was built, the 
organ and choir were placed on the 
north side of it, the building was length- 
ened toward Second Street by the 
erection of an attractive facade and 
bell-tower, the Sunday-school room was 
altered, and other improvements were made at an expenditure of $34,357.18. 
The first services were held in the enlarged edifice on April 30th, 1882. The 
organ at the east end of the church was given the congregation in 1866, by the 
daughters of Betsey A. Hart; the first one having been the gift of John T. 
McCoun and wife. The five handsomely-colored and figured memorial win- 
dows in the south wall of the building are severally inscribed : To the memory 
of Thomas W. Blatchford, M. D., 1 794-1866; To the memory of the Rev. John 
K. Davis and Miss Helen S. Davis; In memory of Pliny W. Corbin, for 
twenty-one years an elder in this church; In memory of Mrs. Theodocia C. 
3 1 




FIRST PARTICULAR BAPTIST CHURCH, 1846. 



242 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Fitch and her daughter, Mrs. Emily Fitch Heartt; In memory of Aaron 
Read, 1781-1871. The inscriptions on those in the north wall are also 
severally lettered: In loving memory of Phebe Bloom Vail by her daughters, 
Jeanie E. Vail and Phebe H. Vail; In memory of Samuel and Mary Gale by 
their sons, E. Thompson and John B. Gale; In memory of Townsend McCoun 
Vail and Martha Card, his wife, by their son, Samuel McCoun Vail; In memo- 




SECOND STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

riam Jared S. Weed, by his wife, Mary S. Weed; To the memory of George 
Vail, an elder in this church from its organization to his death in 1872, and of 
Jane, his wife, who died in 1866. 

In 1867, Christ Church, on North Second Street, was renovated and en- 
larged. A recessed chancel on the west side of the building, the addition of 
organ and vestry rooms, and the alteration of a part of the basement for the 
use of the Sunday-school were some of the improvements made that year. 
In 1882, the parish house, adjoining the church on the north, was erected; the 
funds of the legacy of $10,000, bequeathed the church by Jacob Jacobs, a 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 243 

deceased vestryman, having been used to build it. The interior of the church 
was also that year repainted and decorated. The memorial gifts ornamenting 
the church embrace a finely-carved oaken altar, on which is inscribed: " In loving 
memory of our mother, Rebecca C. Kemp," given by her children; an elabo- 
rate brass lectern, presented to the church, at Easter, 1879, by Samuel C. 
Tappin and wife; a handsome reredos, the gift of Mrs. Martha E. Kemp, the 
wife of Hon. William Kemp; sedilia, the offering of Mrs. James Morehead, in 
memory of her sons; a brass communion rail given by Mrs. Charles Clemin- 
shaw; and the brass coronas contributed by the members of the Bible class. 
The beautifully-illuminated chancel window, inscribed : " To the glory of God 
and in loving memory of Ann Bywater Cluett, entered into rest, January 30, 
1876. This window is erected by her children." The two richly-colored 
side windows were given in memory of Northrup J. Rockwell and his wife, 
Mary A. Rockwell, by their niece, Mrs. George B. Cluett. The Rev. Eaton 
W. Maxcy, D. D., who had served the congregation from April 14th, 1861, 
to July 1 2th, 1864, began his second rectorship of the church, on January 3d, 
1886. 

Westminster Presbyterian Church is the outgrowth of a mission Sunday- 
school organized with' thirty scholars, under the care of the Second Street 
Presbyterian Church, in a school-house on the north-west corner of Vail 
Avenue and Turner's Lane (Glen Avenue), on the first Sunday in January, 
1869. The rapid growth of the school induced the members of the Second 
Street Presbyterian Church to erect a wooden building for a chapel, on the 
second lot north of the school-house on the west side of Vail Avenue, which 
was dedicated on October 23d, 1870. The Rev. James Marshall was placed 
in charge of the mission, on February 1st, 1871. In September, that year, 
thirty-nine persons, regularly attending the services conducted there, requested 
the Presbytery of Troy to take the necessary action to organize them into a 
Presbyterian congregation. On November 2d, "the Westminster Presby- 
terian Church of Troy" was duly organized with forty-two members. In 
August, 1882, the church was moved to its present site on the north-west cor- 
ner of First Street and Fifth Avenue, Lansingburgh. The building was then 
enlarged by the addition of a Sunday-school room on its west side. On Sep- 
tember 23d, the first services were held in the building on its new site. 

The first alms-house of Rensselaer county was erected in 1821 on the county 
farm, on the south-east side of the city, south of Spring Avenue. The insti- 
tution was then called the House of Industry. The farm, now a part of the 
sixth ward of the city, has an area of one hundred and sixty acres. The brick 
buildings were erected in 1882. They include the keeper's house, two apart- 
ment-buildings, two hospitals, a dining-hall, a kitchen, and a laundry. 



244 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The military organization known as the Fourth Battery, mustered out of 
service on February 25th, 1887, traced its origin to the Troy City Artillery, 
which, it seems, bore the name of the Flying Artillery, when, on August 1 ith, 
1 81 2, its officers were Ruggles Hubbard, captain, Richard M. Livingston, first 
lieutenant, and William McManus, second. The latter was then a part of the 
First Battalion of Artillery of the New York State Militia. In 1823, Captain 
Francis Yvonnet had command of the Troy City Artillery. On October 13th, 
that year, Colonel Derick Lane, in behalf of the citizens, presented the com- 
pany with a stand of colors. In 1828, the organization was incorporated with 
the Fifth Regiment of New York State Militia. The armory of the company 
was for a number of years in a building formerly standing on the west side of 
River Street, where now is the entrance to the Rensselaer and Saratoga Rail- 
road bridge. Afterward it was in a two-story building on the east side of the 
alley, opposite the First Particular Baptist Church. After the building of the 
State Armory on River Street in i860, the company's quarters were in it. In 
1867, as Battery B, the Troy City Artillery was made a part of the Twenty- 
fourth Regiment of the New York State Militia. In 1878, it was known as 
Battery F, which designation was changed in 1882 to that of the Fourth 
Battery. 

In 1869, a mission Sunday-school, under the auspices of St. Paul's Episco- 
pal Church, was organized in a building, on the north side of Rensselaer 
Street, between River and North Second streets. On November 9th, that 
year, the project of "beginning a chapel enterprise in North Troy, to be ulti- 
mately located north of Rensselaer Street, or North Street," was approved by 
the vestry of St. Paul's Church. The Rev. Richard S. Adams was that day 
placed in charge of the mission as an assistant minister of St. Paul's Church. 
In the spring of 1871, six lots on the north side of Middleburgh Street, be- 
tween Vail (Sixth) Avenue and Mount Street, were purchased for the site of 
a chapel. On St. Matthew's Day, in 1871, the corner-stone of the wooden 
chapel, on the west side of Sixth Avenue, was laid by the Right Rev. William 
Croswell Doane. The first services were held in the building on Christmas 
Eve, that year. On April 1st, 1876, John I. Thompson, Henry B. Dauchy, 
and Walter P. Warren, acting as trustees of St. Paul's Free Chapel, conveyed 
the property to the trustees of St. Paul's Church; the former havingvbeen ap- 
pointed by the vestry of St. Paul's Church, on March 20th, to manage the 
temporal affairs of the chapel. On January 22d, 1881, John I. Thompson, 
Joseph W. Fuller, and James Forsyth, having then the management of the 
affairs of St. Paul's Free Chapel, were discharged by the vestry of St. Paul's 
Church from the further performance of such duties as had been incumbent 
upon them as trustees of the chapel. On February 7th, 1883, the name of 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



245 



St. Paul's Free Chapel was changed to that of St. Barnabas' Chapel; and the 
congregation became an independent organization. 

In 1871, the rooms in the basement of the First Presbyterian Church-were 
altered and refitted for the use of the Sunday-school and congregation. In 
1873, the auditory was renovated, and the choir and organ were placed behind 
the pulpit, which was moved farther forward. In 1883, three richly-colored 
and figured memorial windows were placed in the front wall of the building. 
The central one was the grift of a number of the friends of the Rev. N. S. S. 
Beman, D. D., to whose memory it is inscribed. The one on the west side of 




FIRST PRESBYTERIAX CHURCH, TROY FEMALE SEMINARY, AND COURT-HOUSE. 

it is a memorial to the Rev. Jonas Coe, D. D. ; the gift of his son-in-law, James 
Brown, of New York city. The east window was given by the congregation 
in memory of Jacob D. Van der Heyden. The circular window above the 
west door is in memory of Charles P. Hartt; the gift of his widow. The one 
above the east door, in memory of Gordon B. Saxton and Philena F. Saxton, 
was given by their son, S. B. Saxton. On one of the three marble tablets in 
the wall of the audience-room is lettered: Inscribed to the memory of Rev. 
Jonas Coe, D. D., ordained first pastor of this church, June 25th, 1793. Died 
July 2 1st, 1822, in the 64th year of his age, having discharged the duties of 
an affectionate shepherd 29 years. On another: Inscribed to the memory of 



246 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Jacob D. Van der Heyden, Esq., founder and father of this congregation, and 
the first ruling elder in this church. Born in Albany, October 28th, 1758. 
Died in Troy, September 4th, 1809. On the third: In memory of Nathan 
Sidney Smith Beman, for forty years pastor of this church, from June 18th, 
1823, to June iSth, 1863. Born at New Lebanon, N. Y., Nov. 26, 1785. 
Died at Carbondale, 111., August 8th, 1871, aged 86 years. The present 
pastor of the church, the Rev. Theophilus Parsons Sawin, was installed on 
June 17th, 1886. 

The first German Roman Catholic congregation in Troy was formed in i860, 
and worshiped about two years in St. Mary's Hall, erected in 1859. In 1868, 
St. Laurence's German Roman Catholic Church was organized at Lutzel- 
berger's Hall, No. 197 River Street, where its members worshiped about one 
year. Subsequently, and until their first church was built on the south-east 
corner of Third and Jefferson streets, they attended services conducted in 
German at the French Church of St. Jean, the Baptist, on Second Street. 
The corner-stone of the wooden building was laid on Sunday, September 4th, 
1870, and that of the brick church, immediately south of the former, was laid 
on May 20th, 1883. The brick edifice was consecrated on May 11th, 1884. 

The Legislature having, on March 15th, 1883, appropriated $75,000 to pur- 
chase a site and to erect an armory on it for the use of the military companies 
of Troy belonging to the National Guard of the state, the International Hotel 
property, on the south-east corner of River and Ferry streets, and the lot and 
building south of it, were purchased, on April 6th, that year, and there in the 
spring of 1884, the laying of the foundation of the armory was begun. The 
corner-stone was laid on July 4th, by Major-General Joseph B. Carr, com- 
manding the Third Division of the National Guard, in the presence of the 
municipal authorities, a large assemblage of citizens, and the Sixth, Twelfth, 
and Twenty-first Separate companies, and the Fourth Battery of the Fifth 
Brigade of the National Guard. The Rev. William Taylor, of the Universal- 
ist Church, offered a prayer, the Hon. Martin I. Townsend delivered an 
address, and the Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, D. D., of the Church of the Holy 
Cross, pronounced a benediction. The metallic box placed in the cavity of 
the corner-stone contained histories of the military companies present, a copy 
of the act appropriating the money to erect the armory, a lithograph of the 
building, a history of its site, copies of the city newspapers, and a volume of 
the History of the City of Troy, 1876, by A. J. Weise, presented by the pub- 
lisher, William H. Young. The building was completed and occupied in March, 
1886. The frontage of the armory on Ferry Street is one hundred and thirty 
feet ; depth on River Street, one hundred and fifty feet. The height of the 
west tower from the pavement is eighty-eight feet ; that of the east one, eighty- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 247 

four feet. The company rooms in the front part of the building are entered 
from the hall, twelve feet wide, extending to the drill-room, which is one hun- 
dred by one hundred and thirty feet, and has a gallery on the north side. On 
the west side of the basement is an artillery room, thirty-eight by one hundred 
feet. Besides the appropriation of $75,000, the state made another of $10,000 
to complete the armory. The county of Rensselaer, in the spring of 1883, 
appropriated $7,000 .toward the purchase of the site. About $10,000 addi- 
tional were contributed by the different companies to furnish their respective 
rooms. Until it was disbanded in 1887, the Fourth Battery occupied rooms 
1, 2, and 3, on the first floor, on the west side of the hall. The rooms of the 
Sixth Separate Company (Troy Citizens' Corps) are 7, 8, and 9, on the 
second floor, above those formerly occupied by the Fourth Battery. The 
west octagonal room on the third floor is occupied by the Old Guard of the 
Troy Citizens' Corps. The rooms of the Twenty-first Separate Company 
(Tibbits' Cadets) are 4, 5, and 6, on the first floor on the east side of the hall. 
Those of the Twelfth Separate Company are 10, 11, and 12, on the second 
floor, above those of the Twenty-first Separate Company. The company has 
also an octagonal room on the third floor. 

The society, known as St. Paul's Evangelical Church, was organized in 
Green's Building, on the south-east corner of Broadway and Fourth Street, on 
November 10th, 1879. 1° February, 1885, the house of worship belonging to 
the Church of Christ, on the south-west corner of Seventh and Fulton streets, 
was purchased by the congregation, which began holding services in it on 
May 3d, that year. 

In October, 1846, certain citizens perceiving the public need of an eligibly 
situated and extensive burial-ground, subscribed to an agreement to advance 
severally seven hundred and fifty dollars to purchase and lay out the land 
approved by the majority as suitable for a cemetery, and to loan the money 
until a sufficient number of burial lots were sold to liquidate the indebtedness 
of the association formed by them. In attempting to accomplish the under- 
taking, they found it impracticable as they had planned it. They then deter- 
mined to form an association under the general act passed by the Legislature 
authorizing the incorporation of rural cemeteries. On September 9th, 1848, 
a meeting was held at the office of Isaac McConihe, where the Troy Cemetery 
Association was formed by the election of John Paine, D. Thomas Vail, Isaac 
McConihe, George M. Tibbits, Stephen E. Warren, and John B. Gale as its 
trustees. A committee was appointed to select a site for the cemetery, which, 
having viewed some of the most eligible grounds of easy access, reported in 
favor of the purchase of a tract of land, commanding extensive prospects of the 
surrounding country, situated near the north-eastern limits of the city. On 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 249 

September 5th, 1849, and subsequently, the trustees purchased about one 
hundred and fifty acres of land there, which were in part laid out into burial 
lots, walks, and roads, by J. C. Sidney, an experienced landscape engineer. 
On October 16th, 1850, the officers of the association, the members of the 
Common Council, the ministers of the churches, and a large body of citizens, 
preceded by the Watervliet Arsenal Band, and escorted by the military com- 
panies of the city, commanded by Captains Brintnall, Jones, and Dexter, 
marched in procession from the court-house to the grounds, under the direction 
of Colonel A. H. Pierce, chief marshal. On reaching them, the large concourse 
of people surrounded the temporary platform erected for the services of the 
occasion, which began with a prayer by the Rev. Nathan S. S. Beman, D. D., 
LL. D., of the First Presbyterian Church. A selection of scripture was then 
read by the Rev. Robert B. Van Kleeck, of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, 
which was followed by the singing of a dedication hymn, composed for the 
occasion by the Rev. John Pierpont, of the First Unitarian Church. An 
address was then delivered by the Hon. David Buel, jr., who, in closing it, 
declared the grounds consecrated under the name of Oakwood Cemetery and 
the authority of the officers of the association. The exercises were ended by 
a benediction pronounced by the Rev. George C. Baldwin, D. D., of the First 
Particular Baptist Church. 

In 1884-85, the finely-built keeper's lodge, at the western entrance to the 
grounds, on Cemetery Avenue, was erected. The massive granite pillars of 
the iron gates, — the attractive bronze bust of the Hon. John Paine, deceased, 
the first president of the association, — the pretty distribution of ornamental 
shrubs and choice trees, — and the rise of the broad avenue from the verdant 
sweep of the lateral lawns are delightfully associated to greet the eyes of those 
entering the cemetery on the west side. 

The most conspicuous of the numerous monuments adorning the beautiful 
necropolis is the stately monolith seventy-five feet in height, marking the grave 
of the distinguished soldier, Major-General John Ellis Wool, who died in 
Troy, on November 10th, 1869. The finely-sculptured sarcophagus, the tomb 
of the valiant officer, Major-General George H. Thomas, "the Rock of Chicka- 
mauga," is seen in another part of the extensive grounds. 

The beautiful Romanesque architecture of the Gardner Earl Memorial 
Chapel is exceedingly imposing. The richness of the colors and tints of the 
ornate windows of the chapel, its choice marbles and elaborate sculpture, the 
artistic configuration of the mosaic floor, and the harmonious designs of the 
foliated arches in other parts of the handsome building give an enduring ex- 
pression of the love of the bereaved parents, William S. and Hannah M. Earl, 
for their only son, Gardner, who died on March 3d, 1887, to whose memory 
32 



250 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

they reared the costly structure. It is one of the few mortuary shrines in the 
United States that ennoble the fame of their architects. 

The erection of the building was begun on April 12th, 1888, under the 
superintendence of Fuller & Wheeler, architects, and, with its various appoint- 
ments, completed in November, 1889. Built on a rise of ground three hundred 
feet above the level of the Hudson River, which it overlooks, it affords a 
charming and wide-sweeping prospect of the valley and the high land border- 
ing it on the east and west. The tower at the south end of the building is 
ninety feet high. The loggia connecting it with the chapel is eighteen feet 
wide and forty-five long. The nave of the chapel is twenty-six by forty feet, 
and the chancel sixteen by twenty-six feet. The length of the building is one 
hundred and thirty-six feet, with a width of seventy feet, at the north end. 
The crematory, on the west side of the chapel, is provided with incinerating 
apparatus of the most approved construction. 

Within the secluded precincts of Oakwood Cemetery are the graves of many 
of the early inhabitants of Troy. Among them is the tomb of "the Patroon 
of Troy," Jacob D. Van der Heyden, "who departed this life, Sept. 4th, 1809, 
aged 50 years, 10 months, and 1 2 days;" also that of Matthias Van der Heyden, 
who "died August 17th, 1825, aged 65 years;" that of "Samuel Gale, M. D., 
born March 3, 1743, died January 9, 1799;" that of Benjamin Covell, who 
"died December 24th, 1840, aged 85 years and 4 months;" that of the Rev. 
Jonas Coe, D. D., who "died July 21, 1822, in the 64th year of his age," and 
that of Emma Willard, who died at Troy, on April 15th, 1870. 

The first president of the Troy Cemetery Association, John Paine, per- 
formed the duties of the office from September 9th, 1848, until his death, on 
February 7th, 1852. William F. Page, who succeeded him in 1852, held the 
office until his decease, on October 2 2d, 1870. The present president of the 
association, A. R. Smith, was elected on November 1st, 1870. By his unre- 
laxing efforts and careful supervision Oakwood Cemetery has been made one 
of the most beautiful burial-places in the country. The superintendent of the 
grounds, John Boetcher, whose effective landscape-work has so charmingly 
changed the original features of the cemetery, took charge of the grounds on 
May 1 st, 1 87 1. 

A number of persons, desiring to ameliorate the condition of orphan and 
destitute children in the city, met in the mayor's court-room in the court- 
house, on October 22d, 1833, and organized the Troy Association for the 
Relief of Destitute Children. The name of the association was changed, on 
December 17th, 1834, to that of the Troy Orphan Asylum. The act incor- 
porating the institution was passed April 10th, 1835, by which the management 
of the estate and affairs of the asylum was intrusted to a board of twenty-one 



V > 

S. 55 

3 > 

W c/l 











252 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

trustees. In 1834, a building, known as No. 52 Third Street, was rented for 
an asylum. On December 1st, 1835, the trustees purchased lot 91 1, on the north 
side of Eighth Street, and in 1836, the institution was moved to the two-story 
brick building, No. 65, on it, which was burned in the great fire of May 10th, 
1862. The orphans, one hundred and ten in number, were temporarily cared 
for in Lansingburgh. Mrs. Betsey A. Hart having given $10,000, and a 
number of citizens a similar amount, and the State of New York having appro- 
priated $5,000, the three-story brick building, on the east side of Eighth Street, 
between Hutton and Hoosick streets, was erected with the money in 1863, 
and occupied in 1864. In 1884, Apollo Commandery, Knights Templars, pro- 
vided the means to complete a dormitory on the third story of the building. 
On July 2d, 1889, Mrs. Mary E. Hart, Mrs. Margaret E. Proudfit, Mrs. Mary B. 
Tillinghast, and Charles B. Russell gave a farm of one hundred and nine acres 
on the Wynants Kill, south of Spring Avenue, to the institution, on the con- 
dition that buildings suitable for the purposes of the asylum should be erected 
on it within five years. In February, 1891, the trustees accepted the plans 
and specifications of H. Langford Warren, architect, of Boston, for a group 
of brick buildings expressing in their style the English domestic architecture 
of the fifteenth century. The cost of the buildings is estimated at $100,000. 
The site of the new asylum will be on the south side of Spring Avenue, not 
far west of its intersection with Pawling Avenue. The officers of the insti- 
tution are Charles W. Tillinghast, president, Lewis E. Gurley, vice-president, 
William H. Hollister, jr., secretary, and Charles E. Hanaman, treasurer. 

The fifth Roman Catholic congregation in the city, organized in 1861, was 
given the name of Holy Trinity Church. The corner-stone of the church, 
which the cono-reg-ation began building in 1862, on the west side of Fifteenth 
Street, between Christie and Marshall streets, was laid on Sunday afternoon, 
August 3d, by the Very Rev. John J. Conroy, vicar-general of the diocese. 
The edifice was dedicated in June, 1863, under the name of St. Francis' Church. 
The brick church, on the south side of Congress Street, opposite Thirteenth 
Street, erected in 1881, was opened for services on Sunday, April 9th, 1882. 

The Rensselaer County Jail, erected in 1826, on the north side of Ferry 
Street, between Fifth and Sixth streets, was enlarged in 1885. The bell 
of the first court-house, hanging in the cupola on the front building since 1832, 
was rung at alarms of fire until 1869, when the fire alarm telegraph system was 
introduced. 

The South Troy Baptist Church, organized on October 24th, 1869, a 
branch of the North Baptist Church, originated in a Sunday-school, which 
James L. Phillips began conducting in October, 1867, at his residence, No. 540 
Second Street. On June 14th, 1S69, a two-story wooden building, known as 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 253 

No. 552 First Street, was purchased and the rooms on the first floor were fitted 
for the use of the Sunday-school and religious services. The present chapel, 
built on its site, was dedicated on Sunday afternoon, January 17th, 1886. 

On Sunday afternoon, February 14th, 1886, the lower part of the city was 
inundated by a freshet. River, First, Second, and Third streets were flooded 
northward beyond the line of Liberty Street, and Fourth and Fifth streets, 
beyond Ferry Street. The height of the water, at three o'clock, was three 
inches less than it was at the time of the freshet of 1857. 

The House of the Good Shepherd, a five-story brick building on the south 
side of People's Avenue, east of Ninth Street, was blessed by the Right Rev. 
Francis McNierney on April 24th, 1887, the corner-stone having been laid by 
him on Sunday afternoon, May 9th, 1886. 

The Jewish synagogue, Shaare Tephilla, on the north side of Division 
Street, between River and First streets, was erected in 1S87, the corner-stone 
having been laid on October 9th, that year. The first members of the congre- 
gation worshiped, in 1873, in a building on the east side of Fourth Street, 
between Liberty and Washington streets. 

On the burning of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute near the north-east 
corner of State and Sixth streets, on Saturday, May 10th, 1862, the course of 
instruction was resumed on the following Wednesday, and continued to the 
close of the term in the Troy University Building. In the fall of that year, 
rooms were rented in the Vail Building, on the north-east corner of Congress 
and River streets, where the school continued until May 1st, 1864, when the 
new building at the head of Broadway was occupied. The cost of erecting it 
was about $50,000 ; the greater part of the money having been subscribed by 
friends of the institution. The building is used for recitations and lectures, 
and contains several drafting-rooms, a cabinet of natural history, and a library. 
The Winslow Laboratory, erected north of it in 1866, was named in honor of 
the Hon. John F. Winslow, a former president of the institute, now residing at 
Poughkeepsie. It was partly burned on Wednesday morning, August 27th, 
1884. 

The astronomical observatory on the hill, east of Eighth Street, was erected 
in 1878 in memory of Williams Proudfit, an institute student, by his parents, 
Ebenezer and Margaret E. Proudfit. The Ranken mansion, on the east side 
of Eighth Street, purchased on January 25th, 1877, is occupied by the depart- 
ment of mechanics. The gymnasium, an attractive two-story brick building, 
on the south side of Broadway, east of Seventh Street, was erected in 1886. 
On June 2d, 1890, the trustees purchased the brick building and lot on the 
east side of Second Street, north of the Troy Savings Bank, where they intend 
to erect a fire-proof edifice to be known as Alumni Building. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 255 

The mineraloeical, botanical, ornithological and other cabinets of the insti- 
tution are large and valuable. The library contains many excellent scientific 
works. The gift, in 1882, of the library of Alexander L. Holley, deceased, 
largely increased the number of volumes. By a bequest of General John E. 
Wool, made on November 5th, 1869, the institute received $15,000; by the 
will of Lewis L. Southwick, June 4th, 1878, $2,000; by that of Henry P. 
Filer, December 25th, 1882, $10,000, and by that of Mrs. Betsey A. Hart, 
who died on August 23d, 1886, $5,000. On June nth, 1883, Mrs. Mary E. 
Hart gave $60,000 in invested funds and cash to the institution as a memorial 
of her deceased husband, William Howard Hart, to be "employed exclusively 
for endowing in the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute a professorship, to be 
known and designated as the William Howard Hart professorship of rational 
and technical mechanics." The institute confers the degree of Civil Engineer 
and that of Bachelor of Science. The regular course of study in the institute 
covers a period of four years. Professor David M. Greene, C. E., has been 
director of the institute since September, 1878. The graduates of the Insti- 
tute have not onlv been students from the different States of the Union, but 
also from Canada, the West Indies, Mexico, South America, Spain, Japan and 
other distant countries. Its alumni embrace some of the most distinguished 
civil engineers in the world. The officers of the institute are John H. Peck, 
LL.D., president ; Albert E. Powers, vice-president ; William H. Doughty, 
secretary; and William H. Young, treasurer; the latter holding the office 
since February 7th, 1850. 

The first public use of electricity for illuminating purposes was made in the 
city on Thursday night, December 22d, 1881. The Troy Electric Light Com- 
pany, incorporated on February 1st, 1885, with a capital of $150,000, opened 
its plant, on the south-east corner of River and Liberty streets, on January 
20th, 1886. 

At a young men's meeting held at the court-house on Friday evening, No- 
vember 28th, 1834, to make arrangements for a course of public lectures in 
the following winter, Thomas Coleman, Martin I. Townsend, Thaddeus B. 
Bigelow, Ralph Hawley and Giles B. Kellogg were appointed " to take into 
consideration the expediency and practicability of forming a young men's 
association" in the city. On Friday evening, December 12th, they made a 
report favoring the organization of one, and submitted a draft of a constitu- 
tion for it. The latter was adopted for the basis of The Troy Young Men's 
Association, and a committee of five persons from each of the first four wards 
was appointed to obtain signers to it. On the following Friday evening, the 
names of four hundred and twenty-six persons were reported as signed to the 
constitution. John T. McCoun was then elected president of the association, 



256 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

and on the following Wednesday evening the other officers were chosen. 
Two rooms were rented on the second floor of the building No. 197 River 
Street, in one of which the books of the Troy Library, by an agreement with 
that organization, were placed, and in the other, newspapers and periodicals. 
The library and reading-room were opened to the use of the members in Feb- 
ruary, 1835. On April 20th, that year, the act incorporating the Troy Young 
Men's Association was passed by the Legislature. On May 1st, 1846, the 
association occupied the front rooms on the second floor of the Athenasum. 
On the extension of the building to the alley in 1851, the library and reading- 
room were moved to the two rooms now used by the association. The first 
art exhibition for the benefit of the association was opened in the lecture hall 
on the third floor on February 1 8th, 1858. Two other art exhibitions were 
made in the following winters for the same purpose. One-half of the receipts 
of the Loan Exhibition of the Troy Society of Decorative Art, held in 1878 
in the basement of the Troy Savings Bank building, was given the associa- 
tion. By an act of the Legislature, passed May 8th, 1880, the control, dis- 
posal and management of the real and personal property of the association 
were vested in a board of twenty-three trustees. They were privileged to 
organize and add to the departments of the association a free library and a 
free readine-room whenever the condition of its affairs and trust funds war- 
ranted the action. By contributions of the citizens, the Athenaeum was pur- 
chased on January 21st, 1882, for $24,500, and given to the association. Sub- 
sequent contributions increased the subscriptions to $35,892 ; the surplus 
being used to pay for the renovation of the building. 

On Friday evening, December 12th, 1884, the semi-centennial anniversary 
of the organization of the Troy Young Men's Association was celebrated in 
Music Hall. Benjamin H. Hall, Esq., read an historical sketch of the insti- 
tution, and speeches were made by some of the officers and members. Lewis 
E. Gurley, president of the Free Reading Association ^founded as the Holly 
Tree Inn, May 4th, 1874; incorporated March 13th, 1877), formally trans- 
ferred its property to the trustees of the Troy Young Men's Association, who 
then took the entire control of the latter's affairs and property. In 1885, the 
rooms of the association were renovated and refitted, and the books in the 
library classified and placed in new cases conveniently arranged in the back- 
rooms on the second and third floors, and in a side room, near the newspaper 
room, on the first story. On August 7th, that year, the use of the books in the 
library and the newspapers in the reading room were made free to the people 
of Troy, under certain rules and restrictions. In January, 1889, the books in 
the room on the first floor were placed in the general library on the second 
floor. 



THOY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 257 

In 1862, William R. Yourt willed $5,000 to the association, and the same 
year, George M. Selden gave it railroad stock valued at $2,000. In 1870, 
Clarence Willard bequeathed it $10,000; in 1879, Roxanna A. Loomis, 
$1,000; in 1 88 1, F. O. Mather, about $12,000; and on December 12th, 1884, 
Mrs. Betsey A. Hart, placed to its use $10,000. In 1887, by the will of E. 
Thompson Gale, it received $2,000, and in 1889, by that of Joseph W. Ful- 
ler, $1,000. 

The association's library contains about 28,000 bound volumes, not includ- 
ing 835 bound files of newspapers. Many of the books are rare and valuable 
and few unimportant. DeWitt Clinton has held the office of librarian of the 
association since December 22d, 1874, and William H. Henderson, of assist- 
ant, since May 1st, 1885. 

The Troy Railroad Young Men's Christian Association, organized in Decem- 
ber, 1880, was incorporated on March 1 6th, 1882. It was established for 
" the moral, intellectual, physical, and spiritual welfare of the railroad em- 
ployees of Troy and its vicinity." The attractive two-story brick building, on 
the north side of Broadway, immediately east of the Union Railroad station, 
erected in 1882, was formally occupied by the association on December 19th, 
that year. The gymnasium was built as an addition in 1888. The library 
embraces about fifteen hundred volumes. The present officers of the associa- 
tion are Joseph Crandell, president; Franklin Field, vice-president; J. W. A. 
Cluett, treasurer, and C. A. Nimmo, secretary. 

The Young Women's Association of the city of Troy, organized in January, 
1883, occupied rooms in the Keenan building until 1884, when several on the 
upper floors of the Manufacturers' Bank building were rented. On the incor- 
poration of the association on June 10th, 1885, the three-story brick building 
No. 43 Fourth Street, was purchased and fitted for the institution, having for 
its object the amelioration of the condition and the promotion of the interests 
of such young women as desire a proper and convenient place to pass leisure 
hours and to improve themselves by attending evening courses of instruction 
and by reading books provided for them there. Free instruction is given by 
the association in spelling, penmanship, arithmetic, grammar, bookkeeping, 
stenography, typewriting, music, millinery, dressmaking and embroidery. The 
erection of a larger and more convenient building on the lot north of the one 
on the north-west corner of Second and State streets, projected by the associa- 
tion in the early part of the year 1891, is apparently assured by the generous 
subscriptions already made by the citizens. The officers are Mrs. Charles E. 
Patterson, president; Miss Sarah Willard, Mrs. William A. Thompson, Mrs. 
George B. Cluett and Mrs. R. H. McClellan, vice-presidents ; Miss Helen Ford 
and Mrs. A. G. Sherry, secretaries, and Mrs. Charles A. McLeod, treasurer. 
33 



'58 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



A number of influential and wealthy citizens, having projected a social 
society, associated themselves by a certificate of incorporation on November 
27th, 1867, under the name of The Troy Club, having for its first board of man- 
agers Jonas C. Heartt, John A. Griswold, D. Thomas Vail, E. Thompson 
Gale, Joseph M. Warren, George H. Cramer, Uri Gilbert, William F. Burden, 
Joseph W. Fuller, Samuel M. Vail, John Hobart Warren, Miles Beach, Moses 
C. Green, G. Parish Ogden, and William A. Shepard. On December 14th, 
the club purchased the large three-story brick house on the north-west corner 
of Congress and Second streets, and, havingr fitted it with the conveniences 



r ra 




Mn 






I* il 






■ fs 



TROY CLUB-HOUSE. 



and appointments of a modern club-house, occupied it on January 20th, 1868. 
Having determined to erect a more desirable building, the club purchased, on 
fuly 1 2th, 18S7, the property on the south-west corner of First and Congress 
streets, for $23,000. The lot, fifty by one hundred and thirty feet, was then 
partly occupied by a two-story brick building, fronting on First Street, built 
early in the century by Nicholas Schuyler, the first clerk of Rensselaer County, 
who, on April 27th, 1813, advertised the property for sale : 

" N. Schuyler offers for sale his house and lot, with all the buildings thereon, 
containing a fine garden of made soil, in which are a variety of fine fruit and 






TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 259 

shrubbery ; also a rich asparagus bed of 144 square feet. The corner of First 
and Congress streets, opposite the Public Square." 

In the fall of 1887, the erection of the handsome club-house was begun. 
The building was completed and furnished in the fall of 1888 and occupied on 
November 29th. Its architecture is modern Romanesque. The agreeable color 
of the Long Meadow sandstone delightfully enhances the general effectiveness 
of the masonry. The officers in 1889 were Walter P. Warren, president; 
James A. Eddy, vice-president ; John Clatworthy, secretary; and Daniel W. 
Ford, treasurer. The number of resident members, in 1889, was l 57'> non " 
resident, 56. 

The Troy Citizens' Gas-Light Company, incorporated on May 19th, 1875, 
erected its works on the east side of Vail (Sixth) Avenue, between Canal Street 
(Ingalls Avenue), and Glen Avenue. It and the Troy Fuel Gas Company, 
incorporated in 1885, and the Troy Gas-Light Company, were consolidated on 
October 1 ith, 1889, under the name of the Troy Gas Company, with a capital 
of $1,000,000. On October 14th, Edward Murphy, jr., was elected president 
of the company ; William Kemp, vice-president ; Derick Lane, treasurer; and 
Charles E. Davenport, secretary. 

Societies of vocal and instrumental musicians have existed in Troy from 
the first decade of its history. Early in this century the Troy Harmonic 
Association and the Troy Handel and Haydn Society frequently sang 
together in sacred concerts and oratorios at the First Presbyterian Meeting- 
house and St. Paul's Church. The Troy Vocal Society, organized on January 
18th, 1875, at the law office of Townsends & Browne, in the United National 
Bank building, was incorporated on March 2d, that year. The varied char- 
acter and marked excellence of the society's five annual concerts in Music 
Hall have attracted in the past decade large audiences. Professor Edward J. 
Connolly has been music director of the society since February 1st, 1875. 
The officers of the organization are Clinton H. Meneely, president ; John H. 
Knox, vice-president ; William H. Hollister, jr., secretary; and Walter R. 
Bush, treasurer. 

The Troy Choral Union, organized on March 26th, 1879, as the Choral 
Union of the Second Presbyterian Church, was incorporated under its present 
name on March 9th, 1885. Its officers are John Clatworthy, president, and 
A. W. Harrington, jr., secretary and treasurer. 

The two German societies, the Troy Mannerchor, organized on November 
4th| 1872, and the Troy Sangerbund, organized on May 19th, 1880, are also 
laro-e bodies of excellent singers. 

In 1 87 1, the trustees of the Troy Female Seminary, desiring to be less re- 
stricted in the administration of the affairs of the institution, determined 



260 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

to take such action as might be necessary to obtain possession of the property. 
William Gurley, Joseph W. Fuller, and William Kemp, having been appointed 
a committee by them to solicit the municipal authorities to convey it to the 
board, presented to the Common Council, on February ist, 1872, a formal re- 
quest of the trustees, and a memorial signed by nine hundred and eighty citi- 
zens favoring the transfer of the property. The unwillingness of the Common 
Council to part with it caused the trustees to offer the city, through William 
Gurley, on June 6th, 1872, the sum of $50,000 for the buildings and grounds. 
The offer was accepted, and the Common Council passed a resolution to con- 
vey the property to the trustees, on the payment of $50,000, on or before the 
ist day of May, 1873, and authorized the mayor to execute the conveyance. 
On June 12th, 1872, the mayor, the Hon. Thomas B. Carroll, signed the agree- 
ment, setting forth the condition that the property was " to be used only for 
school purposes." A subscription was at once circulated among the citizens 
of Troy to obtain the needed money. Little progress was made in getting 
subscriptions until William Gurley undertook the task of personally soliciting 
contributions. He, later, assisted by his brother, Lewis E., finally succeeded 
by his indefatigable perseverance in obtaining the sum of $52,615.17, in gifts 
from $4 to $5,000. On May ist, 1873, a check, signed by W. & L. E. Gurley, 
payable at the National Exchange Bank, to the order of William Kemp, 
mayor, put the trustees in possession of the Troy Female Seminary. John 
H. Willard and his wife, Sarah L., having resigned the management of the 
institution in June, 1872, Miss Emily T. Wilcox was made principal of the 
seminary. She, with an efficient corps of teachers, has, since September, 1872, 
successfully conducted the widely-known school. On January 30th, 1891, 
Lewis E. Gurley generously tendered the trustees the gift of a school build- 
ing in memory of his deceased brother, William, and his sister, Clarissa A., 
who died on November 2d, 1841. The Gurley Memorial Hall, designed by 
M. F. Cummings & Son, architects, of Troy, and constructed of granite at a 
cost of $45,000, will be built about sixty feet west of the line of Second 
Street, and will have a frontage of one hundred feet and a depth of sixty. 
The laying of the foundations of the building was begun on March 26th. 
The handsome donation will mark the beginning' Q f a new era of the institu- 
tion's usefulness, and greatly beautify the environs of the Seminary Park. 
The officers of the seminary are Lewis E. Gurley, president; John H. Peck, 
secretary; and Paul Cook, treasurer. 

The seven newspapers published in Troy are ably edited, replete with news, 
and widely circulated. Three are issued every afternoon and one every morn- 
ing, excepting Sunday, and three weekly. The Troy Daily Times, John M. 
Francis & Son (Charles S.), publishers, has been printed since 1851 ; The 



262 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Troy Northern Budget, Charles L. MacArthur & Son (Arthur), proprietors, 
first as the Northern Budget, since 1867 ; The Troy Daily Press, Henry O'R. 
Tucker, publisher, since 1867; The Troy Observer, M. F. Collins, proprietor, 
since 1876; The Evening Standard, the Evening Standard Publishing Com- 
pany, printers, since 1877; The Troy Daily Telegram (William C.) Cozier & 
(John P.) Pratt, publishers; first as the Troy Morning Telegram and Whig, 
succeeding the Troy Morning Whig, since 1880; and the Catholic Weekly 
(H. M.) Reynolds (G. L.) Thompson & Co. (William C. Cozier), proprietors, 
since 1886. Weekly editions of the Times, Press, and Telegram, are also 
published by the proprietors of those journals. 

The Rensselaer County Soldiers and Sailors' Monument Association, or- 
ganized " to secure a site and erect thereon a suitable, monument in honor of 
and to perpetuate the memory of the soldiers and sailors who went from Rens- 
selaer County, State of New York, into the late war of the Rebellion, and 
who fell in the defense of their country, or who died later, or shall die in the 
enjoyment of the fruits of victory achieved," was incorporated November 
1 2th, 1886. On November 29th, Colonel Charles L. MacArthur was elected 
president of the association, Major-General Joseph B. Carr, vice-president; 
William Kemp, treasurer; and Arthur W. Bradley, secretary. Washington 
Square having been selected for the site of the monument on August 
1st, 1887, the city subsequently conveyed to the association a title to 
the ground. The Legislature in 1889, authorized the Supervisors of Rens- 
selaer County to appropriate $25,000 toward the erection of the monument. 
On August 7th, that year, the design offered by Fuller & Wheeler, architects, 
Albany, was accepted, and on February 24th, 1890, a contract to erect the 
monument was awarded Frederick & Field, of Ouincy, Mass. On Decora- 
tion Day, Friday, May 30th, that year, the corner-stone was laid by Colonel 
Charles L. MacArthur, the president of the association, who delivered an 
historical address, in which he particularized the notable bravery and laudable 
record of the men of Rensselaer Count)', who took part in the Civil War. 
Speeches were also made by the Rev. Peter Havermans and the Rev. J. W. 
Thompson. The occasion was made memorable by a large procession of vet- 
eran soldiers and the military organizations of the city, under the direction of 
Major-General Joseph B. Carr, chief marshal, and the singing of dedicatory 
and patriotic hymns by five hundred school children. On that day, the sum 
of the subscriptions, and that appropriated, amounted to $50,538.81. The 
granite monument will, on its erection, be ninety-three feet high. On the 
sides of the lower stone-work will be four bronze bas-reliefs, five by six feet, 
representing infantry, artillery, cavalry, and naval battle-scenes ; the naval one 
being a representation of the engagement between the '' Monitor " and the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



263 



" Merrimac." Surmounting the column will be a bronze figure, "The Call to 
Arms," thirteen feet high. 

Congress having limited, on February 14th, 1885, the cost of a site and a 
building in Troy for a post-office and other purposes to $200,000, the Secretary 
of the Treasury appointed Martin I. Townsend, Thomas Coleman, Esek Cowen, 
John D. Spicer, and Charles W. Tillinghast to select a suitable location for 
the edifice. The absence from the city of the last-named commissioner, hav- 
ing precluded him from acting in the selection of a site, William Gurley was 
appointed by the secretary to fill the vacancy. The situation of the Gross, 
Hall, and Griffith properties on the east side of Fourth Street, immediately 
north of Broadway, having been deemed the most eligible, the three lots, each 
fifty by one hundred and thirty feet, and the buildings on them were purchased 
by the Federal Government, in the summer of 1886, for $99,981.54. Three 
appropriations, each of $100,000, were made by Congress, on March 3d, 1885, 
February 25th, and March 3d, 1887, to defray the cost of the site and build- 
in sr. These sums havine been deemed insufficient for the erection of a 

o o m m 

suitable structure, Congress, on April 26th, 1890, increased the appropriations 
to $500,000. The stone building will extend along Fourth Street one hun- 
dred and twenty-two feet and along Broadway one hundred and nine. The 
tower, twenty-two feet square, will have a height of one hundred and sixty feet. 




1ATTHIAS VAN DER HEYDEN HOUSE, 1885. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

TROY'S INDUSTRIES. 
1 807-1 889. 

NO city in the United States of like population ever distributed the 
products of its manufactories so widely over the world as Troy. The 
prints of her horse-shoes have marked the highways of the globe, — 
the sound of her church-bells have called people of this and foreign lands to 
prayer and praise, — her railroad and street-cars have conveyed passengers to 
destinations in both hemispheres, — her collars, cuffs, and shirts have borne 
the trade emblems of her chief industry to all the cities and large villages of 
the forty-four states of the Union, and her other manufactures have perpetu- 
ated the fame of the skill and workmanship of her artificers in every field of 
aggressive competition in which their productions have entered. 

The early manufactories of Troy, comprising the saw, grist, fulling, and 
paper mills built on the Poesten, Wynants and Piscawen kills, between the" 
years 1789 and 1800, were all component forces in the development of the 
industrial interests of the village, however brief their existence and insignifi- 
cant their magnitude. The most important of those established in the first 
decade of this century was the Albany Rolling and Slitting Mill, the germ of 
the extensive works of the Troy Steel and Iron Company. Built by John 
Brinckerhoff & Co., of Albany, in 1807, on the site of the De Freest fulling mill, 
on the north side of the lower fall of the Wynants Kill, not far east of the present 
terminus of the street railway, the low wooden structure was provided with 
machinery for rolling and slitting Russia and Sweden bar iron into hoop iron 
and nail rods. Having purchased it in 1826 for $5,280, Erastus Corning gave 
it the name of the Albany Nail Factory. About that time John T. Norton 
became associated with him in business and the firm took the name of Norton 
& Corning. The product of the factory in 1830 was 825 tons of rolled iron, 
of which 450 tons were cut by twelve machines into nails. Thirty-four work- 
men were then employed at the works. On the dissolution of the firm at the 
end of four years, James Horner entered into partnership with Erastus Corn- 
ing. On the admission of John F. Winslow, in 1838, the firm changed its 
name to that of Corning, Horner, & Winslow. The establishment was then 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 265 

named the Albany Iron Works. In the following year, the first puddling, or 
conversion of pig iron into wrought iron, was begun at Troy by the firm. The 
manufacture of wrought iron by this process had not been successfully under- 
taken elsewhere in the state except at the Ulster Iron Works, in Ulster 
County. In 1849, tne business of the firm was increased by the erection of 
the steam mill on the south side of the Wynants Kill. The firm of Corning, 
Horner, & Winslow was succeeded by that of Corning, Winslow, & Co.; Gilbert 
C. Davidson and Erastus Corning, jr., having been admitted as copartners. 
By the latter firm, the plating of the Monitor and that of several later-built 
floating-batteries of its pattern were made. During the war, many solid lip 
railroad chairs, invented at the works, were supplied the National government 
for railroads in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and other southern 
states. The firm also made a number of steel-rifled cannon for contractors. 
In 1864, the firm of Comings & Winslow was formed, which, in 1865, erected 
for the use of its workmen the building known as Mechanics' Hall, on the 
south side of Mill Street. Erastus Corning & Co., in 1867, became proprietors 
of the works. 

The property of the extinct Troy Vulcan Company is also embraced in that 
of the Troy Steel and Iron Company. The first building owned by the former 
company was a rolling mill erected in 1846, on' the south side of the Poesten 
Kill, west of the track of the Troy and Greenbush Railroad. The Troy Roll- 
ing Mill Company having purchased it on October 15th, 1852, sold it on 
November 1st to Henry Burden, who, on April 25th, 1853, conveyed it to the 
Rensselaer Iron Company. On May 29th, 1854, John F. Winslow became 
the owner of the mill, which he sold in the following December to the 
Rensselaer Iron Works. Later the property of the Rensselaer Iron Works 
was purchased by John A. Griswold & Co.; the members of the firm 
being John A. Griswold, Erastus Corning, sr., Erastus Corning, jr., and 
Chester Griswold. In 1870, the building called the Rail Mill was erected on 
the north side of the Poesten Kill, in which, until recent years, steel rails for 
railroads were rolled. 

The property originally known as the Bessemer Steel Works is also included 
in that of the Troy Steel and Iron Company. The conversion of pig iron 
into steel by the process discovered by Henry Bessemer so favorably impressed 
Alexander L. Holley, John F. Winslow, and John A. Griswold with its benefits 
that they, in 1863, purchased the American patents of the distinguished Eng- 
lish engineer, and taking the firm name of Winslow, Griswold, & Holley, 
began erecting that year a two and a half ton plant on the site of the flouring 
mill built, in 1796, by Thomas L. Witbeck, immediately south of the mouth 
of the Wynants Kill. The first conversion of iron into steel at the works was 
34 



266 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

accomplished on February i6th, 1865; Crown Point charcoal iron having been 
used experimentally. The fitness for conversion into steel of different irons 
was not then determined as now by chemical analysis, and the firm had only 
the guidance of the tests that were made from time to time at the works. 
The changes and improvements in the English methods and appliances which 
A. L. Holley began making on the erection of the plant soon demonstrated 
their value in the saving of labor and the decrease of the cost of production. 
In 1867, the firm enlarged the works to a five-ton plant. On October 19th, 
1868, the building was nearly destroyed by fire. About that time John A. 
Griswold & Co. became the owners of the plant. Known twenty-five years 
ago as the pioneer steel works of America, the plant, now a ten-ton one, still 
retains an unimpaired reputation of producing one of the best grades of steel 
made in the United States. 

By the consolidation of the interests of Erastus Corning & Co. and those 
of John A. Griswold & Co., the Albany and Rensselaer Iron and Steel Com- 
pany was formed on March 1st, 1875; Erastus Corning, president, Chester 
Griswold, vice-president, and Selden E. Marvin, secretary and treasurer. It 
was succeeded by the Troy Steel and Iron Company, incorporated September 
1st, 1885, with a capital of $2,500,000. 

In September, 1885, the company began erecting on Breaker Island, oppo- 
site the Steel Works, three large blast-furnaces, one of which was first put in 
blast in May, 1887. The first transfer, by boat, across the river from the 
furnaces, of molten metal for its conversion into steel was successfully accom- 
plished on October 27th, 1890. 

The buildings of the four separately-situated works are all large brick 
structures and if contiguously aligned would extend more than the length of 
a mile. Those used for manufacturing are fitted with the latest improved 
machinery and appurtenances. In the Albany Iron Works department 
merchant iron, rivets and railroad track supplies are made; in the Rensselaer 
Iron Works department merchant steel, tire, tie-plates, spikes, and agricul- 
tural implement steel; in the Bessemer Steel Works department blooms for 
merchant steel and billets for steel wire; and in the Blast Furnace department 
from five to six hundred tons daily of Bessemer pig iron. In these works 
from twenty-two to twenty-four hundred workmen are employed, whose annual 
wages aggregate about $1,250,000. The unexceptional excellence of the pro- 
ductions of the Troy Steel and Iron Company and the magnitude of its 
manufacturing interests largely contribute to augment Troy's industrial fame. 
Established in 1807 to compete with British enterprise and capital, the busi- 
ness has grown to an importance attained only by a few other American 
manufactories founded at the beginning of this century. The present officers 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 267 

of the company are Henry H. Rogers, president; William Kemp, vice-presi- 
dent; Selden E. Marvin, secretary and treasurer; C. E. Dudley Tibbits, 
Charles \V. Tillinghast, Erastus Corning, Benjamin Brewster, O. B. Jennings, 
Joel F. Freeman, Selden E. Marvin, William Kemp, Henry H. Rogers, A. 
Bleecker Banks, directors; and George A. Bell, general superintendent. 

The extensive works of the Burden Iron Company had their origin in a 
rolling and slitting mill, erected in 1809 on the south bank of the Wynants 
Kill, at the upper fall, near the line of Vandenburgh Avenue, by John Con- 
verse and several other capitalists. In 1813, the mill and its machinery 
became the property of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory Company, of which 
Ruggles Whiting, John Converse, Nathaniel Adams, E. F. Bachus, and Henry 
Delevan were the members. With a capital of $96,000, the company con- 
tinued there the manufacture of cut nails, spikes, shovels, and spades. The 
factory contained a pair of rolls for rolling and slitting imported iron into nail 
and spike rods, and several machines for cutting them into nails and spikes. 
The rolls were turned by two water wheels, one at each end of the shaft on 
which the rolls revolved. The superintendence of the works was taken, in 
1822, by Henry Burden, a Scotch engineer, who, on his arrival in the United 
States in 18 19, engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements at 
Albany. In 1824, the Troy Iron and Nail Factory Company's property 
included a rolling and slitting mill, a nail factory, and "sundry shops for other 
mechanical business." The nail factory was "a stone edifice of great extent, 
calculated to contain twenty-four cutting and heading machines, all driven by 
water-power by one enormous iron wheel." The wrought-iron nail and spike 
machine patented in 1825, and the horse-shoe nail machine invented by the 
skillful superintendent in 1830, largely increased the productions of the com- 
pany. By a modification of the first, he obtained, in 1834, a patent for another 
to make counter-sunk spikes to fasten flat rails of iron to wooden ones, then 
forming the tracks of the first railroads in the United States. In 1835, his 
wonderful invention for making horse-shoes was patented. When the machine 
was first put in operation large numbers of visitors daily resorted to the works 
to see it shape a piece of bar iron into a horse-shoe in four seconds. By 
changing some of the parts of the counter-sunk spike machine, he, in 1836, 
provided the company with a machine to manufacture hook-headed railroad 
spikes to fasten "T" and "H" rails, then beginning to supersede the use of 
flat ones. In 1839, he devised the celebrated machine known as " Burden's 
rotary concentric squeezer," for the compression of balls of puddled iron into 
blooms, which the commissioner of patents declared was the first truly original 
and most important invention known at that time for the manufacture of iron. 
The general use of the machine in Europe and America attests its service- 



268 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

ableness. In 1843, tne persevering inventor constructed a horse-shoe machine 
which in two movements shaped into shoes bar iron delivered from the roll 
train without the reheating of the metal. 

Having in 1835 become the owner of half the shares of the stock of the 
company, Henry Burden, by further purchases, became, in 1848, the proprietor 
of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory. In 185 1, he constructed the immense 
overshot water-wheel, figuratively called " the Niagara of water-wheels," sixty 
feet in diameter and twenty-two feet wide, which furnishes the power of twelve 
hundred horses at the " Upper Works." Although the great water-wheel at 
the Isle of Man is seventy feet in diameter, its width is only six feet and its 
power that of two hundred horses. In 1857, he so improved the horse-shoe 
machine that after receiving the heated bar, it cut, bent, and forged each piece 
into a perfectly-shaped shoe in one movement. 

At the beginning of the Civil War no munition was so much needed by the 
United States as that of shoes for the thousands of horses and mules in mili- 
tary service. Apprehensive that its orders for them could not be filled as 
promptly as in previous years, the National Government thought it expedient 
to take possession of the Troy Iron and Nail Factory, but the sanguine manu- 
facturer, having given satisfactory assurances of supplying all the demands of 
the War Department, was permitted to retain the management of the establish- 
ment. Although the requisitions of the Government were exceedingly large 
during the war, the indefatigable proprietor of the heavily-taxed mills promptly 
forwarded the supplies of shoes needed by the army. The fact is well known 
that the most notable cavalry raids were made practicable by the abundance 
of the Burden machine-made horse and mule shoes. The Confederate cavalry, 
to secure supplies of them, made frequent assaults on the Union army's wagon 
trains. When the manufacture of horse and mule shoes at Atlanta, Georgia, 
was contemplated by the Confederate Government, it was proposed that an 
emissary named Moses, from that city, residing in Toronto, Canada, should 
visit Troy and secretly obtain drawings of the Burden machines. Sherman's 
march to the Sea, it seems, abruptly terminated the undertaking. The right 
to use these valuable machines has been purchased by England, France, 
Germany, Russia, and other European powers desiring to provide their armies 
with adequate supplies of this munition. Sent on orders to all parts of the 
United States, the Burden shoes, it is estimated, annually protect the feet of 
not less than twelve million of horses and mules in North America. In recent 
years an unexcelled perfection of shape and strength has been given the shoes 
made at the works by the use of improved machinery devised and patented 
by James A. Burden. The annual productions of the Burden Iron Company, 
besides embracing tens of millions of horse and mule shoes, also include 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 269 

thousands of tons of boiler rivets and a much larger quantity of merchant 
iron, affording employment to eighteen hundred workmen. 

The firm of H. Burden & Sons was formed in 1864. After the death of 
William F. Burden, on December 7th, 1867, the business was continued by 
the three other members. After the death of Henry Burden, on January 19th, 
1871, the two brothers, James A. and I. Townsend Burden, conducted it 
under the name of H. Burden & Sons until the incorporation of the Burden 
Iron Company on June 30th, 1881, with a capital of $2,000,000. The " Upper 
Works" or "Water Mills," which occupy an area of eight acres, are on the 
south side of the Wynants Kill, west of Vandenburgh Avenue. The " Lower 
Works" or "Steam Mills," — the first of which were erected in 1862, — cover 
about one-third of the forty-five acres of land owned by the company, extend- 
ing along the Hudson from the Wynants Kill northward to Monroe Street. 
The buildings are all large, substantial, brick structures adapted with their 
appurtenances for the manufacture and temporary storage of the various pro- 
ductions of the company. Since the organization of the Burden Iron Com- 
pany on July 1st, 1S81, the office of president has been held by James A. 
Burden, that of vice-president by I. Townsend Burden, and that of general 
manager by John L. Arts. The office of secretary has been filled by Nicholas 
J. Gable since November 20th, 1884. 

Troy has been a well-known seat of the manufacture of stoves nearly three- 
quarters of a century. The casting of stove plates for inventors and dealers 
was begun in 1821 by Starbucks & Gurley (Charles and Nathaniel Starbuck 
and Ephraim Gurley), succeeding that year Hanks, Gurley & Co. (Alpheus 
and Truman Hanks and Ephraim Gurley, — the builders of the first foundry in 
the city, — the Troy Air Furnace, in 18 18, on the south-east corner of Fifth 
and Grand Division streets), and, in 1828, by L. Stratton & Son, successors 
of Nazro & Curtis, who erected, in 1823, the Eagle Furnace, afterward 
known as the Rensselaer, No. 42 Fifth Street. The value of the stoves 
cast in the two foundries in 1828 was estimated at $120,000; of those in the 
seven in the city in 1855, at $1,000,000; and of those in the five in 1888, at 
$2,000,000. 

Troy stoves have been sent to distant parts of the world. Llamas have 
carried them across the Andes to the farther coast of South America, camels 
to the shores of the Black Sea, and ships to Northern Europe, Turkey, China, 
Japan, and Australia. In recent years this industry has lost much of its far- 
western patronage in the United States by advantages of cheap labor and 
material and low rates of transportation enjoyed by less distant competitors. 

The Fuller & Warren Company has the distinction of perpetuating the 
business of manufacturing stoves in Troy begun by the firm of L. Stratton & 



270 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Son, in 1828. at the Rensselaer Furnace, No. 42 Fifth Street. The inter- 
mediate predecessors were the firms of Johnson & Geer (Elias Johnson and 
Gilbert Geer), 1834, No 42 Fifth Street; Johnson, Geer, & Cox, 1840 (foundry, 
west side of Mechanic Street, two lots north of Fulton Street); Johnson & 
Cox, 1846 (builders, that year, of the Clinton Foundry, west side of Troy and 
Greenbush Railroad, between Madison and Monroe streets); Johnson, Cox, 
& Fuller, 1850; Cox, Warren, Morrison, & Co., 1854; Fuller, Warren, & 
Morrison, 1S55; and Fuller, Warren, & Co., 1859. The Fuller & Warren 
Company was incorporated on December 31st, 1881, with a capital of 
$600,000, having as trustees Joseph W. Fuller, John Hobart Warren, Charles 
W. Tillinghast, Walter A. Wood, and Walter P. Warren. The company's 
extensive establishment, known as the Clinton Stove Works, comprises a 
number of contiguous brick buildings, from four to six stories high, occupying 
a plat of six acres, bounded by Madison, River, and Monroe streets, and the 
Hudson River. In the different departments more than a thousand workmen 
are employed. The stoves made by the company are of many patterns, vary- 
ing in design and ornamentation to meet the demands of the trade. The 
furnaces and heaters are wonders of inventive genius. At the Centennial 
Exhibition, in 1876, at Philadelphia, the attractive display of stoves, ranges, 
and furnaces made at the works was the admiration of not only American but 
also of foreign visitors. The beautiful parlor stove, "the Splendid," fully 
merited the special award given its manufacturers. The celebrated Philo P. 
Stewart stoves, — the patents of which are now owned by the Fuller & Warren 
Company, have been made at the Clinton Stove Works since 1859. The 
company has large salesrooms in New York City, Boston, Cleveland, and 
Chicago, and has recently erected extensive works at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 
to supply its western customers with cooking and heating apparatus. The 
present officers of the company are Walter P. Warren, president, G. G. Wolfe, 
vice-president, and H. A. Viets, secretary and treasurer. 

The second oldest stove foundry in the city is that known as the Empire 
Stove Works, on the north and south-west corners of Second and Ida streets; 
the original buildings having been erected in 1846. The present proprietors 
of the large establishment, George W. Swett & Co., continue the business 
begun in 1841 by Anson Atwood, whose successors were Atwood & Cole, 1844; 
Atwood, Cole, & Crane, 1846; Pease, Keeney, & Co., 1848; Clark, Keeney, 
& Co., 1850; Felton, Keeney, & Co., 1851; Swett, Ouimby, & Co., 1852; Swett, 
Ouimby, & Perry, 1867; Swett, Ouimby, & Co., 1883; and George W. Swett 
& Co. (Frederick W. Swett), January 1st, 1886. The parlor and cook stoves, 
ranges, fire-place heaters, and oil stoves made at the Empire Stove Works 
have a wide reputation for excellence of construction and attractive mountings. 



TRO Y 'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 2 7 1 

The conspicuous plant of the Bussey & McLeod Stove Company covers a 
plat of four acres on the east side of Oakwood Avenue, north of Hoosick 
Street. The buildings, mostly four-story brick structures, command a wide 
view of the city and the Upper Hudson valley. The first were erected in 
1863 by the firm of Bussey, McLeod, & Co., — Esek Bussey, Charles A. 
McLeod, and John O. Merriam, — -formed that year. The Bussey & McLeod 
Stove Company, of which Esek Bussey is president, Charles A. McLeod, vice- 
president, Esek Bussey, jr., treasurer, and Sayre McLeod, secretary, succeeded 
it on December 30th, 1882. The thousands of stoves and ranges made at 
the works have many attractive features of construction and ornamentation 
which widely popularize the productions of the company in the eastern and 
western states. 

The firm of Burdett, Smith, & Co., formed in 1871 and continued since 1883 
by Edward Burdett and W. Stone Smith, traces the line of its predecessors 
to L. Potter & Co. in 1853. The foundry of the firm is on the south side of 
Inralls Avenue, east of Sixth Avenue. 

Andrew B. Fales, whose stove works are on the west side of Sixth Avenue, 
between Rensselaer and North streets, succeeded, in 1872, to the business 
continued by the successors of A. M. Stratton, proprietor, in 1835, of a foundry 
at No. 64 Sixth Street. 

J. C. Henderson & Co., on the south-west corner of Sixth Avenue and 
North Street, are manufacturers of tubular cone and dome furnaces for heat- 
ing buildings with steam, hot water, or hot air. J. C. Henderson, previously 
a member of the firms of Shavor & Henderson, stove manufacturers, 1869; 
Sheldon, Greene, & Co., 1870; Shavor & Henderson, 1872; in 1876, individu- 
ally engaged in the manufacture of his popular furnaces. In April, 1885, he 
and his son, James A., became associated in the business under the name of 
J. C. Henderson & Co. 

Herbert R. Mann, successor to Burtis & Mann, stove and range manu- 
facturers, continues the business established in 1883, and has his salesrooms 
at No. 195 River Street. 

The sound of church bells made in Troy daily circles the globe. Its waves 
flow from thousands of belfries in America, and from others in Polynesia, 
Australia, Japan, China, India, Armenia, Syria, Egypt, and Africa. The first 
bell foundry established in Troy was built in 1825 by Julius Hanks, on the 
lot now covered by the Gurley Building, on the north-east corner of Fulton 
Street and Fifth Avenue, where he continued casting bells until about 1840. 

Jones & Hitchcock (Eber Jones and James H. Hitchcock), who began 
casting bells in 1S52, in the Peck Building, on the north-west corner of First 
and Adams streets, and in 1854, in their foundry on the south-west corner, 



272 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

were succeeded, in 1857, by Jones & Co. (Eber Jones and H. J. King; 1865, 
Eber Jones, Sylvanus Birch, and Octavous Jones; 1S67, Octavous and Marcus 
R. Jones), and in 1873 by the Jones Bell Foundry Company, which, in May, 
1887, discontinued business. 

The plant of the Clinton H. Meneely Bell Company, on the east side of 
River Street, between Washington and Adams streets, embraces a part of the 
buildings of the bell foundry built in 1869 by Meneely & Kimberly (Clinton 
H. Meneely and George H. Kimberly), which, on the dissolution of the firm 
in 1879, became the property of the company. Of the fifty thousand church 
bells cast in Troy since 1825, those of the Clinton H. Meneely Bell Company 
have a quality of excellence notably distinct and preeminent. Clear and 
sonorous in sound, rich in tone, and forcible in vibration, they have secured a 
precedence in public favor highly creditable to the enterprise of the company. 
Since its organization, on January 1st, 1880, it has not only annually cast 
large numbers of single bells for churches in this country and for foreign 
missionary stations, but also many chimes of eight and nine bells, ranging 
severally in weight from four hundred to seven thousand pounds. 

The origination in Troy of the manufacture of collars, cuffs, and shirts for 
the trade a half century ago established an industry in the city of no mean 
importance to the inhabitants. Sold in every city and village in the United 
States, the goods have proclaimed for years the skill, experience, and enter- 
prise of those engaged in the business. Seven thousand girls and women 
living in the city and as many more residing elsewhere obtain work from the 
twenty-two manufactories, and earn not less than three million dollars annually. 
The yearly product represented by the sales of collars, cuffs, and shirts, exceeds 
seven million dollars. The buildings in which the goods are made are mostly 
large, substantially built brick structures. The work-rooms are spacious, clean, 
and well ventilated. The great body of employees displays an expertness and 
experience highly conducive to the best interests of the manufacturers, and 
they, in turn, evince a pride and care for their welfare no less creditable and 
commendable. 

The firms and individuals engaged in the business are Earl & Wil- 
son, collar and cuff manufacturers, south-west corner of Seventh Street 
and Broadway; Cluett, Coon, & Co., shirt, collar, and cuff manufacturers, 
Nos. 441 to 455 River Street; George P. Ide & Co., shirts, collars, and 
cuffs, Nos. 481 to 493 River Street; Miller, Hall, & Hartwell, shirts, 
collars, and cuffs, Nos. 547 to 553 River Street; Corliss Brothers & Co., 
collars and cuffs, south-west corner of Seventh Street and Broadway; United 
Shirt and Collar Company, shirts, collars, and cuffs, north-east corner of Fifth 
Avenue and Broadway; H. C. Curtis & Co., shirts, collars, and cuffs, Nos. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 273 

421 and 423 River Street; Holmes & Ide, collars and cuffs, Nos. 13 to 23 
Federal Street; Tim & Co., collars and cuffs, Nos. 1724 to 1742 Sixth Avenue; 
Tim, Wallerstein, & Co., shirts, Nos. 1724 to 1742 Sixth Avenue; Joseph 
Bowman & Sons, collars and cuffs, Nos. 553 to 559 Federal Street; William 
Barker, collars and cuffs, south-west corner of Seventh Street and Broadway; 
Wilbur, Miller, & Wilbur, collars and cuffs, north-west corner of Fulton and 
Front streets; Fellows & Co., collars and cuffs, south-west corner of Fulton 
and Union streets; Gunnison & Marvin, collars and cuffs, No. 1931 Sixth 
Avenue; Ball Brothers, shirts, collars, and cuffs, Hall Building; Wood & 
Lewis, collars and cuffs, No. 7 Union Street; C. H. McClellan, shirts, Nos. 
553 to 559 Federal Street; J. Stettheimer, jr., & Co., collars and cuffs, Nos. 
553 to 559 Federal Street; J. H. Osterhout, shirts, No. 1923 Sixth Avenue; 
Emigh & Lobdell, collars and cuffs, No. 38 King Street; Van Zandt, Jacobs, 
& Co., collars and cuffs, south-west corner of River and Federal streets. 

The manufacture of passenger and freight cars is also an important industry 
of Troy. Eaton, Gilbert, & Co., after the sale of their establishment on Sixth 
Street, in 1853, to the Union Railroad Company, resumed the business of 
making coaches and cars in a number of large buildings erected by them on 
Green Island, on the north-west corner of George and Clinton streets. On 
the dissolution of the firm in 1862, Uri Gilbert continued the business under 
his own name until 1863, when his son, William E., became associated with 
him as a partner, the firm taking the name of Uri Gilbert & Son. During 
the Civil War about five hundred gun carriages were made at the works for 
the National Government. On the admission of Walter R. Bush in 1864, 
the name of the firm became Gilbert, Bush, & Co. In 1867, Edward G. Gil- 
bert and Walter R. Bush, jr., and in 1869 L. O. Hansom were admitted co- 
partners, the last withdrawing from the firm in 1872. On January 1st, 1879, 
Gilbert, Bush, & Co. were succeeded by the Gilbert & Bush Company, which, 
on August 25th, 1882, was succeeded by the Gilbert Car Manufacturing Com- 
pany, of which Edward G. Gilbert is president and treasurer, William E. Gilbert 
vice-president, and Frederick S. Young, secretary. The extensive establish- 
ment, covering the flats bounded by Clinton, George, and Swan streets, affords 
employment to a large body of workmen. The company not only manufac- 
tures sleeping, parlor, general passenger, and freight cars for many railroad 
companies in the United States, but also for others in England, South 
America, Australia, and New Zealand. 

The manufacture of " surveyors' instruments of the most improved con- 
struction" was begun in Troy in 1825 by Julius Hanks, and continued by his 
son, Oscar, from 1829 to 1846, where the Gurley establishment is on Fulton 
Street. Jonas H. Phelps engaged in the business in 1842, in a small shop in 
35 



274 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the alley on the north side of Elbow Street, between River and Fourth streets 
and, in 1844, occupied the basement of a building on the south-west corner of 
River and Grand Division streets. On February 25th, 1845, he and William 
Gurley formed a partnership under the name of Phelps & Gurley. On March 
1st, that year, the firm removed to a three-story brick building No. 319 River 
Street, between Grand Division and Fulton streets, where in September, 1 85 1 , 
Lewis E. Gurley was admitted a copartner, the firm taking the name of Phelps 
& Gurleys. On February 1st, 1852, the brothers purchased Jonas H. Phelps' 
interest in the business and became the firm of W. & L. E. Gurley. Buying 
in April, that year, the Hanks property on Fulton Street, they erected on the 
line of the alley a four-story brick building in which they manufactured mathe- 
matical and engineering instruments until it was burned on May 12th, 1862. 
They immediately began erecting the four-story brick structure which now 
covers the entire lot on which the burned building- stood. During the Civil 
War, the firm made for the National Government and contractors a vast num- 
ber of brass fuses for artillery projectiles, brass mountings for army saddles, 
sights for cannon, and other munitions. In 1876, the firm was given an 
award "for the excellent workmanship" and the "great perfection in the me- 
chanical as well as in the optical parts" of the surveying and engineering 
instruments displayed by it at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia. 
The instruments made at the establishment are not only used by surveyors 
and engineers in North and South America, but by many in Japan, China, 
India, Egypt, and other distant countries. Since the death of his brother, 
William, on January 10th, 1887, Lewis E. Gurley has continued the business 
under the name of W. & L. E. Gurley. 

The manufacture of paper begun on the Poesten Kill in 1 792 is now a promi- 
nent industry in Troy. A paper mill erected by David Buel near Albia, on 
the Wynants Kill, about the beginning of this century, was swept away by a 
freshet in 18 14. Another built by him a little west of the site of the destroyed 
one, was sold in 18 19. The making of paper was continued there that year 
by Field & Stone; in 1828, by Wilson & Bird; in 1831, by Joseph T. and 
Thomas Howland ; from 1840 to 1849, by Peleg Howland ; m 1853, by Joseph 
Smart; in 1858, by Joseph W. and Andrew J. Smart, and in 1875, by Robert 
T. Smart. The flour mill of Jonathan Richardson, built on the site of the 
first paper mill erected by David Buel, was purchased, in 1858, by Robert T. 
Smart, who converted it into a paper mill. D. D. Tompkins manufactured 
paper in it from 1868 to 1873, when Robert T. Smart again became proprietor 
of it, who continues making an excellent quality of straw wrapping paper at 
the two mills. 

The large paper mills of Orrs & Co. on River Street, along the Troy Hy- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 275 

draulic Canal, at the State Dam, are five-story brick structures fitted with the 
latest improved machinery for manufacturing newspaper, book and hanging 
paper. In 1837, A. & YV. Orr engaged in the printing of paper hangings or 
wall paper, at No. 71 Congress Street, from which building they removed in 
1839 to No. 265 River Street. On the admission of William O. Cunningham 
in 1847 as a copartner, the firm took the name of A. & W. Orr & Co. In 
1857, the firm erected the Troy Paper Mill on the Hydraulic Canal, to which, 
in 1S59, ' ts office was removed from No. 265 River Street. In 1868, Alex- 
ander M. Orr became' associated in the management of the business. On 
December 24th, that year, the senior member of the firm, Alexander Orr, 
died. On the withdrawal of W. O. Cunningham in 1869, Frederick W. Orr 
became a partner, and the firm name was changed to that of Orrs & Co. In 
1883, the Mount Vernon Flour Mill was purchased by the firm and converted 
into a paper mill. S. Alexander Orr, son of William Orr, was admitted a 
partner on February 1st, 1885. 

In the Mount Ida Paper Mill, built, in 1846, on the Poesten Kill, west 
of Ida Falls, by Manning & Howland (William H. Manning and Gard- 
ner Howland), the firm began manufacturing manilla paper. Reuben Peck- 
ham having, on April 1st, 1S50, purchased Calvin Williams' interest in the 
business, the firm assumed the name of Manning, Peckham, & Howland. 
After the death of William H. Manning in 1855, the business was conducted 
under the same name until 1857. Since that year the firm name has heen 
Manning & Peckham. John A. Manning became a copartner in 1862. After 
the death of Reuben Peckham on January 14th, 1887, his son, William M. 
Peckham, has represented his father's interest in the business. For more 
than half a century an excellent grade of manilla paper has been made at the 
Mount Ida Mill. 

In 1866, John A. Manning and E. Warren Paine formed the firm of Man- 
ning & Paine, and have since been manufacturing manilla paper at the Olym- 
pus Mills, No. 663 River Street. 

At the Crystal Palace Mill, No. 661 River Street, John A. Manning has 
been manufacturing manilla paper since 1883. 

Among the early established industries of Troy that of the grinding of 
wheat into flour for shipment was the most important. Of the four flour 
mills on the Poesten Kill, between Ida Falls and the mouth of the stream 
in 1 8 18, there is now only one, that of Andrew Ruff, near Spring Avenue 
bridge. Of those on the Hydraulic Canal, at the State Dam, the mills of 
O. Boutwell & Son, millers, and dealers in flour, wheat, rye, oats, corn, and 
Nova Scotia plaster, Nos. 641 to 655 River Street, only remain. The first of 
the latter, a two-story mill, was erected there in 1837, by Oliver Boutwell, 



276 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

when he engaged in the business. One of the later erected ones of the firm 
burned on August 14th, 1S90, was replaced that year by a four-story mill 
built of brick. In 1866, Charles A. Boutwell became associated with his 
father under the name of O. Boutwell & Son. Since the death of Oliver 
Boutwell, on November 13, 1888, the extensive business has been conducted 
under the firm-name by Charles A. Boutwell. 

The works of the Troy Malleable Iron Company, on Fourteenth Street, 
between Marshall and Christie streets, comprise a number of large brick 
buildings in which a great variety of malleable iron castings are made for the 
trade. The company maintains a high reputation for manufacturing fine 
castings for railroad cars and locomotives. The founders of the establish- 
ment, George Harrison and William Knight, in 1850, formed the firm of 
Knight & Harrison. On the admission of E. Warren Paine in 1854, the name 
of the firm became Knight, Harrison, & Paine. On the withdrawal of E. 
Warren Paine, John W. Paine became a copartner. In 1865, the firm was 
succeeded by that of Harrison, Kellogg, & Co. (George Harrison, James H. 
Kellogg, and John Dunn). In 1869, the succeeding firm of Harrison & 
Kellogg was followed, on August 1, 1 881, by the Troy Malleable Iron Com- 
pany (William Sleicher, jr., William A. Grippin, and Waldo K. Chase). On 
May 1 st, 1884, the present company was incorporated, of which William A. 
Grippin is president, Waldo K. Chase, vice-president, William Sleicher, jr., 
general manager, Edwin Yeghte, secretary and treasurer, and Augustus 
Yeghte, sales agent. 

The brewing of beer in Troy, it would seem, began as early as 1 793, in a 
brewery belonging to Colonel Stephen J. Schuyler. The first established of 
the nine now in the city is that of Kennedy & Murphy, on Ferry Street, east 
of Fifth Avenue. On a part of its site Charles Hurstfield and Thomas Trenor 
erected a small brewery in 1809. In 1823, Read & Armstrong purchased the 
property. Their successors were Read, Armstrong, & Co., 1832; Read & 
Son, 1837; M. P. Read & Brothers, 1841; Read & Brothers, 1847; Arba Read, 
1856; Read Brothers, 1857; Dunn & Kennedy, 1867; and Kennedy & Mur- 
phy (William Kennedy and Edward Murphy, jr.), November 1st, 1867. The 
extensive brick buildings of the Excelsior Brewery, on the south of Ferry 
Street, are fitted with all the modern inventions and conveniences for malting 
and brewing ale and porter. 

The Garryowen Brewery, on the west side of River Street, between Hutton 
and Hoosick streets, covers nine building lots. The malt-house and the brew- 
ing-house, two imposing brick structures, six stories high, were severally built 
in 1877 and 1881. Each is provided with the latest improved machinery and 
apparatus for making ale and porter. The firm of Fitzgerald Brothers was 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 277 

formed on October 1st, 1866, by Michael, John, and Edmund Fitzgerald. On 
the withdrawel of Michael in 1870, John and Edmund continued the business. 
Since the death of John in 1885, Edmund has conducted it under the name of 
Fitzgerald Brothers. The firm's predecessors were James Lundy, who, in 
1852, began brewing at No. 461 River Street; Lundy & Ingram, 1853; Lundy 
& Kennedy, 1855; Lundy, Dunn & Co., 1857; Dunn & Kennedy, 1859. 

Four of the nine breweries brew ale and porter, and the others lager beer. 
The total product of 1890 was 205,232 barrels of ale, porter, and beer. 

One of the most attractive industries in the city is the manufacture of 
marbleized slate mantels in imitation of foreign and American marbles, oak 
and other woods, at the works of C. W. Billings, on the south-east corner of 
Sixth Avenue and Hutton Street. By chemical and mechanical processes the 
varied beauty of polished stone and wood is curiously counterfeited, and 
the material is afterward wrought into mantels of the finest luster and style 
of workmanship. The fire grates, hearths, tiles, and other specialties dis- 
played in the spacious salesrooms are highly elaborate and artistic. The 
business was originated by Edwin A. Billings, at No. 421 River Street, in 
i860. In the following year, he occupied the building known as the Pond 
Brothers' foundry, on the site of the present works. In 1866, his son, C. W. 
Billings, succeeded to the business, and afterward renovated and enlarged the 
works. 

The manufacture of mortuary marble and granite monuments, tombstones, 
mural tablets, plain and ornamental mantels, and artistic stone-work by Peter 
Grant, at his works on the south-east corner of Fifth Avenue and Federal 
Street, can also be included among the long-established industries of Troy. 
He engaged in the business in 1859, and in 1867 erected the three-story brick 
building in which he still successfully pursues it. 

The perfection attained by the laundrymen of Troy in washing, starching, 
and ironing collars, cuffs, and shirts, has given a wide fame to the city since 
the establishment of the first public laundry in it fifty years ago. The display 
in every large city of the Union, on sign and advertising boards of the familiar 
lettering, — Troy Laundry, — is as common as it is significant. The Wiles 
Laundering Company, Limited, at No. 191 7 Sixth Avenue, has a notable repu- 
tation for the excellence of its trade laundering. The purity of the washed 
goods, the distinctive richness of the starching and bluing, and the fineness of 
the ironing are seemingly matchless. Thomas S. Wiles, the founder of the 
laundry, engaged in the business in 1864. In 1873, he became associated 
with Alonzo S. Adams, under the name of Thomas S. Wiles & Co., with whom 
he continued until 1877, when he again individually took the management of 
the business, in which he was succeeded by the Wiles Laundering Company, 



278 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

organized in March, 1879. The officers of the company are W. F. Hurcomb, 
president; R. H. Roberts, vice-president; Jacob H. Ten Eyck, secretary; M. 
Edgar Wendell, treasurer; and Thomas S. Wiles, manager. 

The cable, shipping, crane, dredge, quarry and rafting chains, manufactured 
by J. B. Carr & Co., at their works on the west side of President Street, north 
of Douw Street, possess those excellencies of strength and construction which 
for more than a quarter of a century have obtained for them a wide sale in 
the United States. The business was begun by Joseph B. Carr and N. J. 
Rockwell in 1865, and on the retirement of the latter, that year, William Kemp 
and DeW'itt Tuthill entered into partnership with the former under the name 
of J. B. Carr & Co. Since the death of DeWitt Tuthill on March 4th, 1886, 
the two partners have successfully conducted the business. 

The skill and enterprise of those engaged in the manufacture of machinery 
in Troy have largely contributed to make the city widely known. The 
knitting-mill machinery made by the Tompkins Brothers, at the foot of 
Cypress Street, near Ida Falls, has been in high repute for many years in the 
United States, Canada, and South America. The upright rotary knitter, in- 
vented by Clark Tompkins, deceased, the father of the members of the firm, 
justly merits the popularity it has gained at home and abroad. The firm's 
cone yarn winder is a notable labor-saving machine. In 1850, the Empire 
Machine Company succeeded to the business begun in 1846 by Clark Tomp- 
kins in a brick building burned on December 19th, 1849, standing on the site 
of the present establishment, of which, in 1861, he became proprietor. Under 
the name of Tompkins Brothers, Albert and Ira Tompkins succeeded him on 
April 1st, 1877. 

The firm of W. H. Tolhurst & Son, makers of laundry machinery, mill 
gearing and fixtures, inventors' models and mechanical designs, gives employ- 
ment to a large corps of experienced workmen at its four-story establishment 
on the north-east corner of Fulton Street and Sixth Avenue. The Tolhurst 
self-balancing hydro-extractors for removing water from washed goods, the 
shirt-bosom plaiters and the wing fans are popular laundry specialties of the 
firm's manufacture. William H. Tolhurst engaged in the business in 1856 in 
a building on the north-west corner of Mechanic (Front) and Fulton streets. 
The present works were erected in 1881. On January 1st, 1884, Charles H. 
Tolhurst became associated with his father in the business, 
j. Michael Mahony, manufacturer of architectural iron and machinery castings, 

has a large plant on the north-west corner of Liberty Street and Fifth Avenue, 
where, besides constructing iron fronts for buildings, chimney caps, illuminat- 
ing sidewalk and area tile, stable fixtures and mill gearing, he also makes hot- 
air furnaces and steam generators for house heating. He engaged in the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 279 

business in September, 1870, with Calvin W. Link, under the name of Link 
& Mahony, at their foundry on the south side of the Hollow Road (Spring 
Avenue) east of the Poesten Kill bridge. In April, 1878, the firm occupied 
the present works, which were enlarged in 1882. Since the dissolution of the 
partnership on October iSth, 1878, Michael Mahony has conducted the busi- 
ness with marked success. 

The Troy Laundry Machinery Company, Limited, Nos. 648 and 650 Fulton 
Street, enjoys the distinction of making most of the machinery used in the 
laundries of Troy and in those of importance elsewhere in the United States. 
Washers, wringers, starchers, dampners, ironers, and many other appliances 
used in the business are made in great numbers by the company. The merits 
of the machines are too well known to need praise. The company was incor- 
porated on January 1st, iS8r,and in February, 1882, occupied the building 
on the north side of Fulton Street. The officers of the company are Thomas 
S. Wiles, president; M. E. Wendell, vice-president; Jacob H. Ten Eyck, 
secretary, and Allen Conkling, treasurer and general manager. Besides the 
eastern manufactory at Troy, another known as the western manufactory is at 
Chicago. Besides the salesrooms in New York, Boston, and San Francisco, 
the company has others in London, England, and in Berlin, Germany. 

The manufacture of patent steel wire, bale ties, nails and staples by the 
Griswold Brothers at their extensive works on the Poesten Kill, west of Ida 
Falls, affords employment to about one hundred and fifty workmen. The 
firm, John Wool Griswold and Frank B. Griswold, formed in 1884, succeeded 
the Brockner-Evans Company, incorporated April 4th, 1883. The business 
was established in 1879. 

The manufacture of fire brick and tile was begun in Troy by Daniel Hud- 
son in 1850, who was succeeded in 1853 by James Ostrander, who, in 1856, 
became associated with Jonas S. Heartt, under the name of Ostrander & 
Heartt. On the dissolution of the firm in 1866, James Ostrander continued 
in the business until 1868, when he and his son, Francis A., formed the part- 
nership of James Ostrander & Son. On the death of his father, on Decem- 
ber 14th, 1874, Francis A. Ostrander became the proprietor of the large 
establishment which then covered twenty-seven building lots fronting on First 
and Second streets. The works are now the property of the Ostrander Fire 
Brick Company, organized on May 6th, 1891, of which Francis A. Ostrander 
is president, and J. W. F. Podmore secretary and treasurer. The office is in 
the building Nos. 209 and 211 Second Street. The plant has all the requisite 
appliances for making with dispatch large numbers of fire brick and tile and 
blocks for blast furnaces, rolling mills and steel works. The company manu- 
factures paving brick at its works at Ostrander, New Jersey. 



280 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

The stove linings and fire brick made by the McLeod & Henry Company 
at its extensive works on the south-west corner of First and Monroe streets, 
are not only largely used by iron and stove manufacturers in Troy, but by 
those in other manufacturing places in the United States. The works were 
founded by Jacob Henry in 1871. From his successors, Bacon & Henry, 
Harvey S. McLeod purchased them in 1882. The McLeod & Henry Com- 
pany, of which Harvey S. McLeod is president, Horace H. Henry, vice-presi- 
dent, and Augustus McLeod, secretary, was formed on February 1st, 1887. 
The office building of the establishment is No. 357 First Street. 

The American Seal ready-mixed paints, made by William Connors at his 
works Nos. 677 and 679 River Street, are used extensively in the United 
States, and maintain a reputation for beauty and durability of color unexcelled 
by those of other manufacturers. Of linseed oil, the paints are easily applied 
from the tin cans in which they are tightly sealed and sold by dealers. Wil- 
liam Connors engaged in the business in 1878 at Nos. 171 and 173 Hill Street. 
On January 1st, 1889, he removed to his present works on the Hydraulic 
Canal, where he also manufactures the widely-known Brookside roofing 
cement. 

The Alaska stove trimmings and coiled wire work, manufactured by John 
E. Gaitley at the Troy Nickel Works, Nos. 675 and 677 River Street, are not 
only extensively sold in the United States, but also by dealers in Canada, 
South America, England, Germany, Sweden, Japan, Australia, and other for- 
eign countries. The beauty and lustre of the ingeniously-constructed orna- 
ments and utensils, represented by stove and oven handles and knobs, fire 
tongs, shovels and pokers, lid lifters and hinge pins, highly popularize the 
saleable goods. The firm of Percy & Gaitley, which engaged in the business 
on January 1st, 1880, was succeeded on May 21st, 1891, by John E. Gaitley. 

In knitting underwear, men's shirts and drawers, the Wayside Knitting Com- 
pany gives employment to about one hundred operatives at its mill at the foot 
of Cypress Street, near Ida Falls. The different grades of goods made by 
the company have always found a ready sale to the trade. The business 
originated with the Brookside Hosiery Company on October 1st, 1872, which 
William C. Tompkins succeeded on January 1st, 1880. The Wayside Knit- 
ting Company was incorporated on July 9th, 1888. Its present officers are 
W. H. Roe, president ; Peter McCarthy, treasurer ; M. C. Rowe, secretary, 
and L. E. Shaver, superintendent. 



CHAPTER XV. 

THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

1889. 

THE last four days of the first week in January, 1889, were devoted by 
the citizens to a commemoration of the centennial anniversary of the 
naming of Troy. The weather was remarkably fair and mild, the 
streets were void of ice and snow, the exercises appropriate and interesting-, 
the processions imposing, and the fireworks fine. At the first meeting of the 
citizens favoring a celebration, held in the lecture-hall of the Troy Young 
Men's Association, on Tuesday afternoon, December nth, 1888, A. J. Weise 
presented the following resolution as a preliminary to the subsequent action 
taken to commemorate the notable event of January 5th, 1789 : 

" Resolved, That the one hundredth anniversary of the naming of Troy be 
celebrated in a manner worthy of its importance, and creditable to the citizens." 

At the next meeting, in the Common Council chamber, on Friday evening, 
December 14th, C. E. Dudley Tibbits was elected president, Walter P. War- 
ren, William E. Hagan, and Lewis E. Gurley, vice-presidents, and William H. 
Young, Francis N. Mann and Edward F. Murray, secretaries, and Joseph J. 
Tillinehast, treasurer. The following- committee of one hundred citizens, 
named in a resolution, was appointed to make arrangements for the celebra- 
tion of the centennial anniversary : 

C. E. Dudley Tibbits, Derick Lane, Walter P. Warren, Lewis E. Gurley, 
Edward C. Gale, William E. Hagan, William H. Young, Jonas S. Heartt, 
Walter P. Tillman, James A. Burden, Charles B. Russell, George B. Warren, 
Thomas W. Lockwood, John I. Thompson, Henry B. Dauchy, Samuel M. 
Vail, Henry R. Lane, M. D., Benjamin H. Hall, William Kemp, William A. 
Thompson, E. Warren Paine, J. Wool Griswold, Francis N. Mann, Joseph 
Hillman, Edward Murphy, jr., William E. Gilbert, Isaac McConihe, William 
H. Doughty, Adam R. Smith, William S. Earl, James A. Eddy, Edward M. 
Green, Gilbert Geer, jr., James F. Cowee, Peter Baltimore, Foster Bosworth, 
Charles S. Brintnall, Gardner Rand, Henry Swartout, John H. Knox, Willard 
Gay, Charles W. Tillinghast, William Orr, Joseph W. Fuller, Martin I. Town- 
send, the Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, D. D., the Rev. George C. Baldwin, D. D., the 
36 



282 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Rev. Peter Havermans, John M. Francis, Daniel Robinson, John D. Spicer, 
George B. Cluett, Thomas Coleman, J. J. Gillespy, George H. Cramer, 
George H. Freeman, Henry C. Lockwood, Charles L. MacArthur, Norman 
B. Squires, Otis G. Clark, Harvey J. King, James H. Kellogg, Henry O'R. 
Tucker, Dennis J. Whelan, Edward Bolton, David Bastable, James W. Daly, 
Francis A. Fales, Samuel H. Lasell, Chauncey D. Packard, George A. Stone, 
Robert Cluett, Justin Kellogg, A. J. Weise, M. F. Cummings, General Joseph 
B. Carr, Charles Cleminshaw, M. F. Collins, Jesse B. Anthony, George H. 
Mead, Henry G. Ludlow, John J. Purcell, George P. Ide, W. J. Tyner, Wil- 
liam L. Van Alstyne, John P. Pratt, Edmund Fitzgerald, Charles A. McLeod, 
David M. Ranken, Clinton H. Meneely, Edward F. Murray, James W. Cusack, 
H. B. Nims, Gilbert Robertson, jr., Emanuel Marks, Henry Kreiss, Dexter 
Moody, William W. Whitman, Edward Carter, and William H. Frear. 




IIP 



o^gjynjiijy^ 







CENTENNIAL EMBLEM. 



The diligence and well-directed efforts of the different sub-committees, into 
which the committee of one hundred was divided, quickly determined the 
character of the celebration. The commemorative acts projected by the 
committee began on Wednesday evening, January 2d, 1889, with a concert of 
vocal and instrumental music at Music Hall, followed on Thursday and Friday 
afternoons and evenings with historical addresses at the same place, and ended 
on Saturday with a procession in the morning, and a parade, an illumination, 
and fireworks in the evening. Restricted entirely to the citizens, the celebra- 
tion was accomplished without the aid or participation of other people. The 
decorations of the buildings were elaborate and befitting. Relics and mementos 
of the early inhabitants were displayed in the store windows, and maps and 
pictures marking the growth of Troy embellished the newspapers. The 
sermons preached in the city on the preceding and following Sunday were 
generally pertinent to the centenary event. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



283 



The Inaugural Concert, on Wednesday evening, at Music Hall, in charge 
of John H. Knox, Edmund Cluett, Justin Kellogg, William H. Hollister, jr., 
J. E. Schoonmaker, and A. W. Harrington, jr., strikingly attested the high 
culture of the musicians of Troy, who vocally and instrumentally made the 
occasion memorable. The participants, Mrs. William B. Wilson, Miss Jeannie 
Lyman, the Troy Vocal Society, the Troy Choral Union, the Troy Manner- 
chor, Doring's Military Band, and Maschke's Cadet Band, won hearty and 
deserved applause. The Centennial Hymn, written for the occasion by Ben- 
jamin H. Hall, Esq., was sung unitedly by the three societies to the tune of 



Old Hundred" with thrilling effect. 



Ancient of days ! accept the praise 
Thy children in thine honor raise — 
Praise wafted to thy heavenly throne 
From hearts that beat thy grace to own. 

Led by thy powerful, guiding hand, 
Our fathers sought this stranger land, 
Founding upon the rule of right 
The life whose glory is thy light. 



Almighty Father! at whose call, 
Dominions rise, and wane, and fall. 
Guard thou this city, let it share 
The favor of thy love and care. 

Teach thou its rulers, make them pure, 
Keep them alike from fear and lure, 
Let them be wise without pretense — 
The heritors of common-sense. 



K 



m 



So shall this realm, in glory be 
Built on its love and praise of Thee, 
Rising in grandeur 'neath thy rod, 
The freeman's Commonwealth of God. 



Thursday was properly called "the Historical Day." The cast of the ad- 
dresses of the afternoon was, for the most part, a presentation of information 
respecting the settlement and growth of the place. The meeting was under 
the direction of Norman B. Squires, J. W. A. Cluett, Henry B. Dauchy, M. F. 
Cummings, Edward Carter, and H. Clay Bascom. The subjects named in 
the programme were, " The Patroon of Troy," by Edwin A. King, Esq. ; " The 
Naming and Progress of Troy," by Benjamin H. Hall, Esq. ; "The Future City 
Improvements of Troy," by J. W. A. Cluett ; " Manufactures of Troy," by 
Lewis E. Gurley; " Mercantile Interests of Troy," by Walter P, Warren, and 
"Dirk Van der Heyden's Dream," by William E, Hagan. 

Edward A. King, Esq., a direct descendant of "the Patroon of Troy" — 
Jacob D. Van der Heyden — after describing, in his address, the circumstances 
attending the early occupation of the territory of Rensselaerswyck, by immi- 
grants from Holland, interestingly detailed the incidents of the residence of 
his ancestors on the site of Troy : 

" In or about the year 1653 there came from Holland — probably from Am- 
sterdam — to New Amsterdam, Jacob Tysse Van der Heyden. Later he 
returned to Amsterdam, and, having on July 25th, 1655, married Anna Hals, 



284 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

with her again sought this country and settled at Beverswyck, now Albany. 
Some time about 1690 he died there, leaving his widow and a son, Derick. 

" Derick Van der Heyden seems to have been very thrifty and energetic, 
and to have participated in Albany affairs as a good citizen, merchant, and 
trader. He also speculated in leases at Schaghticoke. His name appears 
upon a petition addressed in 1701 to King William III. of England. In 1686 
he went from Albany upon an expedition to the Indians. His party was set 
upon by French and Indians, robbed, and carried to Quebec. There, he states, 
he was severely maltreated, and subjected almost to slavery by his captors. 
Finally, with three others, he made his escape, and reached Albany in Jive days, 
having journeyed all but about three miles by water. On June 2d, 1707, still 
residing at Albany, he purchased from Pieter Pieterse Van Woggelum, two 
parcels of land, * * * extending from the Poesten Kill on the south to 
the Piscawen Kill on the north. * The Van Rensselaers claimed 

their vested rights, but finally, on December 15th, 1720, by release, Maria and 
Hendrick Van Rensselaer, as executors of Kiliaen Van Rensselaer (the 
younger), confirmed the title, subject only to a nominal annual ground rent." 

Following the changes of ownership of the property, by the different mem- 
bers of the Van der Heyden family, he related how Jacob D. Van der Hey- 
den, born on October 28th, 1758, became proprietor of the middle farm at 
the age of seventeen years. 

"There seems to be some doubt as to the early education of the patroon, 
but it is stated by a contemporary that he attended college for a time, never 
being graduated. In 1781, he attained his majority, and very soon married 
Annatji Yates, daughter of Adam and Anna G. Yates, who died in 1793. 
Their children were two sons, Derick Y. and John G., and two daughters, 
Catharine and Elizabeth. In 1794, he married Mary Owen, daughter of 
Joshua Owen, who died in 1809. Their children were two sons, Samuel and 
Jacob D. E., and three daughters, Jane, Blandina, and Sally Ann Maria, the 
last of whom married John H. Bayeux. All his nine children survived him. 
Here let the genealogy rest. 

" The patroon resided, until 1794, in the old home located at the (present) 
corner of Ferry and River streets. In 1794, he built and occupied, at the 
south-west corner of Eighth and Grand Division streets, what was called his 
"mansion," which was destroyed in the great fire of 1862 ; and in 1803 he 
conveyed the homestead to his son Derick Y." 

Narrating the facts of the naming of Yanderheyden, Troy, Mr. King 
further remarked : 

" The patroon died at the age of fifty years. Although, as has been 
stated, all his nine children survived him, not one of them lived to enter 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



285 



upon the forty-third year of life. Their average life was but thirty years. 
Very few descendants survived them, and to-day their number is very little 
increased. * * * 

" The last will and testament of the patroon is a long and curious instru- 
ment. It is characterized by that same sturdy justice which had led his father 
to voluntarily divide his property with his brother. Perhaps its most singular 
provision relates to the division into specific shares of the lands devised to his 
children. It very minutely and elaborately provides that the lands shall first 
be divided into lots of equal value, and numbered, one lot to each child; then 
the numbers, respectively, shall be placed on ballots and the ballots in a box ; 
next, the names of the children, respectively, shall be similarly placed in a 
second box ; and finally, two disinterested persons, one at each box, shall draw 
therefrom and match names and numbers, which result is declared, to be the 
will of the testator. Most characteristic of all, however, is its provision that 
if his executors and the guardians of his children shall, at any time, during 
the minority of any child, deem it best to sell or lease certain lands named and 
limited, they may do so, but only subject to the same conditions specified in 
similar instruments executed by him, and reserving an annual ground rent 
thereon. * * * 

"A recent historian says of him : ' Descending from a Dutch ancestry of 
grave, virtuous, and industrious people, he was one of Troy's most estimable 
citizens,' and Judge Woodworth, who knew him well, and became himself 
eminent, adds a generation thereafter : ' His example, at that early day, shed 
a moral influence in the community, the fruit of which is visible at the present 
day.' " 

The poetical contribution of Benjamin H. Hall, Esq., abounded with happy 
conceits and figurative pleasantries. The grave zeal with which the settlers 
accomplished the task of selecting a suitable name for the village was fanci- 
fully pictured in the following verses : 



"The wise heads all assembled 

In seventeen eighty-nine, 
Determined that the hamlet 

Should have a title fine ; 
That so, throughout the ages, 

In peace as well as strife, 
Some brilliant designation 

Should ever give it life. 

"And first they took the Bible. 
And turned its pages o'er; 
Read Numbers and the Chronicles, 
Did Joshua explore : 



Then thumbed the leaves of Rollin, 
Josephus studied through, 

And sought in Guthrie's system, 
For something that might do. 

"They copied all the proper 

Names, and improper too; 
Exhausted combinations 

Till every man was blue, 
Then spelled each title backward, 

In hope at last to find 
Some startling appellation 

For future fame designed. 



286 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



: 'Ten hours in fruitless effort 

These grand old heroes passed, 
Till nature faint, exhausted, 

Gave signs she could not last; 
The tongue of one was twisted, 

Another's neck was wry, 
A third was still with lock-jaw, 

A fourth desired to die. 

" Such was the fearful present ; 

More dark the apparent fate, 
That on their mental labors 

Seemed threateningly to wait ; 
When one old classic scholar 

On trembling legs arose 
And drawing out his mouchoir 

Attended to his nose. 

"Thus spoke he — 'I remember 

When I was very young, 
The story of a city 

In ancient fable sung, 
That for ten years resisted 

Siege and starvation slow, 
And then surrendered only 

Through treachery of the foe. 

"'The name of that walled city 

Was good in olden days, 
But we can use it better 

By means of modern ways; 
And keep it as a lesson, 

That no insidious foe 
Must be allowed to enter 

And turn our weal to woe. 

" ' For ten hours we have labored, 

And not a single name 
Has yet been deemed sufficient 

To sound our local fame ; 
To save this noble people, 

For grief to give them joy, 
Oh ! call these dozen dwellings 

And five small groceries — Troy. 



' He said : a gleam of sunshine 

Shot from the western sky, 
The river burned in crimson, 

The heavens in Tyrian dye ; 
The sages of the village regained, 

At once, their strength, 
Shouted for rum and treacle 

And swallowed drinks of length. 

" Like lightning, through the hamlet 

The joyful tidings flashed, 
And from that dozen houses 

Five dozen people dashed, 
While from the corner groceries 

At least a dozen more 
Rushed forth in wild confusion 

And through the highway tore. 

" The men and eke the women 

And little children, too, 
And pigs and dogs and horses, 

And goslings, not a few, 
Joined in the general chorus, 

While, like a grand refrain, 
That word of beauty — Troy — 

Rang high above the plain. 

" It struck the eastern hill-tops, 

And thence, in echoes clear, 
Rolled grandly down the river, 

In tones that all could hear ; 
At Albany it awakened 

The Dutchmen from their sleep, 
And with prophetic terror 

Their flesh began to creep. 

" But when next day a shallop 

Sailed proudly down the stream, 
And brought the news that Troy 

No longer was a dream, 
The streets were all deserted, 

Each true Albanian wailed, 
A fast-day was appointed, 

Five sturgeon-venders failed." 



The observations of J. W. A. Cluett, on the city's future improvements, 
were both opportune and forcible. He prefaced his excellent suggestions by 
saying : 

" Whenever we find our city described in print, it never surprises us to read 
that Troy is beautifully situated. An old cyclopedia — well known to book- 
worms — published seventy years ago, says that the 'village of Troy' is 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 287 

agreeably situated on a gravelly plain ; that it is regularly laid out in streets 
and squares ; that the streets are wide, with sufficient sidewalks ; that many 
of the houses, though built of wood, are large and elegant ; and that the hill 
that rises in the rear of Troy is very appropriately called Mount Ida, and that 
its fine sides and summit present elegant sites for building, that command an 
extensive view of the city and surrounding country. * * * 

"Certainly Troy is ' beautiful for situation.' Fronting on the Hudson, 
facing the setting sun, intersected by picturesque creeks and crowned by lofty 
and accessible hills, from which toward three points of the compass may be ob- 
tained panoramic views that might excite the envy of more than half the cities 
of the old world. To behold from Mount Ida a clear sunset is worth the price 
of a day's toil. Below is the busy, peaceful, compactly-built city, bordered by our 
noble river and the green wooded hills. Northward are rocks of the Hudson 
River group, through which the rapid Mohawk has cut its way. To the south 
is seen our sister city of Albany, which seems to cluster round the State Capitol, 
whose impressive, immense proportions, like a great cathedral shorn of its 
towers, are made the more conspicuous by a distance of six miles. The de- 
lighted eye, wandering to the south-west, lights on the shelving ranges of the 
Helderbergs. These, as they disappear southward, invite the beholder's ad- 
miration to the lofty, undulating outlines and mellow shadows of the Catskill 
Mountains. * * * * * 

" While enjoying, quite recently, a six months' vacation across the Atlantic, 
I was not infrequently, by the law of contrast, reminded of my own city. 
* * * The Europeans have done very much for the indoor education of 
the people ; but this is not the only need recognized by their civic liberality. 
There, it seems to be assumed, that a city must have, so to speak, its own 
doors and windows, and be supplied with such openings as admit the air and 
sunshine that heaven so freely offers to those who will have it." 

Regretting that commerce had pre-empted the river front of the city, and 
rendered it unattractive as a place of resort and recreation, he outlined his 
views of the practicability of the improvements suggested by him : 

" One of the few remaining breathing spots is the open space west of the 
college grounds, between Grand and Congress streets. It commands one of 
the loveliest views that any city of America can boast of ; but at present it is 
a somewhat sinking piece of real estate, a sort of artificial ruin, such as nature 
seldom creates without man's help. What a lordly terrace could be built up 
in place of that crumbling bank. A strong, heavy wall — a filling of builders' 
refuse — and a platform twenty-five or thirty feet wide and several hundred 
feet long would be created. Such a spot along Eighth street would repay a 
pilgrimage. It would be the rich man's breathing place and poor man's park. 



288 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

"Another commanding hillside outlook, and excellent breathing place, is yet 
practically possible. The large piece of ground on the west side of Eighth 
street, between Hutton and Hoosick streets, is already leveled off. A secur- 
ing wall — a parapet along the western line of the property — would scarcely 
be a matter of excessive expense. Here could be easily constructed a lovely 
little park ioo feet wide by 200 or 300 feet in length. It would be reached 
by one of the pleasantest walks in the city. It could be planted with shade 
trees, ornamented by small showery fountains, and furnished with garden 
seats. The spot commands pleasant distant views toward the west and north. 
On the hottest summer day it would offer a breezy, restful refuge to the warm 
and weary citizen." 

The manufacturing interests of Troy were succinctly described by Lewis E. 
Gurley, who, in concluding his address, said : 

" A few statistics will make our prominence as a manufacturing city more 
clearly appear. In 1880, the population of Troy was 56,747, of whom 22,434 
were employes, showing that two persons out of every five of our citizens 
were engaged in manufacturing pursuits. A comparison with other large 
manufacturing cities will more clearly establish the pre-eminence of our own 
favored home, in the arts of industry. I have selected Utica, Albany, and 
Rochester, in our own State, Newark, in New Jersey, and Pittsburgh and 
Philadelphia, in Pennsylvania, all remarkable as manufacturing centers, and 
thus affording a fair basis for our purpose. I find that Utica ranks next to us, 
having nearly one in every four of her people employed. Albany is lowest 
in the scale, having only one in seven, while Rochester has one in six ; New- 
ark has one in five ; Pittsburgh, one in four, and Philadelphia, a little smaller 
proportion. All these cities are remarkable for their large, varied and long- 
established industries, and yet none of them has relatively much more than 
half as many workers as our own busy city of Troy. 

"The value of our products gives evidence of the same relative advantage. 
In 1880, Albany and Rochester, with a population of about 90,000 each, pro- 
duced manufactures of the following values : Albany, $21,751,000; Rochester, 
$26,478,000 ; while Troy, with a population one-third below theirs, produced 
$26,497,000, or a larger amount than either of the two. The values of the 
products of our three largest industries in 1880, is given as follows : 

Iron and steel $8,702,189 

Foundry and machine shops 3,228,848 

Collars, cuffs and shirts 5,546,205 

Total $17,477,242 

"Since the census of 1880, our collar, cuff, and shirt business has largely 
exceeded the others, and is probably above $10,000,000. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 289 

"The distribution of the products of our industries is as remarkable as their 
magnitude. Our horseshoes are in world-wide demand, our steel rails cover 
the railroads of every state ; our collars, cuffs, and shirts are the necessity and 
the ornament of the men and women of every clime. Our stoves minister to 
the comfort of all peoples, and our bells wake the tuneful echoes which rever- 
berate around the world." 

The address of Walter P. Warren, on the mercantile interests of Troy, was 
replete with interesting and important facts concerning its trade and com- 
merce. In reviewing the enterprise and energy of the men who gave fame to 
Troy, he remarked : 

"Starting in mercantile life with but little means, and in the face of a com- 
petition that had wealth and a business already established, these early settlers 
of Troy had much to contend with. How they succeeded is too well known 
as a matter of local history to be commented upon within the bounds of this 
paper. Troy, to-day, as it stands, is the best monument that could be built to 
chronicle their efforts and success. When we compare the growth of our city 
with that of older places, such as Hudson or Poughkeepsie, starting under 
advantages of wealth and opportunity, and then note the differing measure of 
development, we may feel proud of our ancestry. 

" At such an epoch as the one we now commemorate, our thoughts natur- 
ally seek first the past, and then attempt to forecast the future. The resume of 
Troy's early mercantile life which you have just listened to is replete with one 
idea, one motive, one ambition, which we of the present and those of the future 
would do well to heed and emulate, if we would see Troy continue to develop 
in accordance with those broad foundations prepared for her by her early mer- 
chants. Let us then, fellow citizens, be as united in our efforts for the public 
good, and as unselfish in our personal ambitions as they were ; and may hope 
that when our children's children make ready to celebrate the bi-centennial of 
the naming of Troy, they may as truthfully say of us, as we now say of our 
early merchants, that ' they buildcd better than they knew.' " 

" Dirk Van der Heyden's Dream," read by William E. Hagan, was an en- 
tertaining metrical version of a tradition of the last century, revealing the 
means by which Dirk obtained the right and title 

" Unto the lands twixt Hudson's River and the hill, 
South of the Piscawen and north of the Poesten Kill ; 
And as the deed did further on express 
Of land so raanj- morgens, be it more or less." 

The meeting of Thursday evening — "Church Night" — was honored by 
the presence of nearly all the ministers of the different religious bodies in the 
city. Seated on the stage, they, associatively, typified the unity of the Chris- 
37 



29° TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

tian Church. Denominationally, they represented the Roman Catholic, Epis- 
copal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist, Lutheran, Evangelical, Christian, 
Unitarian, Universalist, and Jewish churches. The meeting was under the 
superintendence, of Otis G. Clark, H. G. Ludlow, E. M. Stebbins, David Bas- 
table, and James H. Kellogg. 

The subjects of the addresses presented by the programme were, an " Intro- 
ductory," by the Rev. N. B. Remick, of the Ninth Presbyterian Church ; the 
" Presbyterian Churches of Troy," by the Rev. T. P. Sawin, of the First 
Presbyterian Church ; " Troy Pastorates," by the Rev. George C. Baldwin, 
D. D., late pastor of the First Particular Baptist Church ; the " Baptist 
Churches of Troy," by the Rev. L. M. S. Haynes, D. D., of the First Par- 
ticular Baptist Church; "Past and Present," by the Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, 
D. D., of the Church of the Holy Cross (Episcopal); the "Episcopal 
Churches of Troy," by the Rev. Edgar A. Enos, of St. Paul's Episcopal 
Church ; the " Methodist Churches of Troy," by the Rev. George W. Brown, 
D. D., of the State Street Methodist Church ; " Recollections," by the Rev. 
Peter Havermans, of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church ; the " Roman 
Catholic Churches of Troy," by the Very Rev. John Walsh, of St. Peter's 
Roman Catholic Church ; the "Universalist Church of Troy," by the Rev. O. 
F. Safford, D. D., of the First Universalist Church; the " A. M. E. Zion 
Church," by the Rev. George E. Smith, of the African Methodist Episcopal 
Zion Church ; the "United Presbyterian Church of Troy," by the Rev. R. D. 
Williamson, of the United Presbyterian Church ; the " Liberty Street Presby- 
terian Church," by the Rev. A. S. Mays, of the Liberty Street Presbyterian 
Church; the " Unitarian Church of Troy," by Francis O. Dorr, Esq. ; the 
"Jewish Synagogues of Troy," by the Rev. A. N. Coleman, of Berith Sholom 
Synagogue ; the "Churches of Christ in Troy," by the Rev. W. W. Witmer, 
of the First Church of Christ ; the " Lutheran Church in Troy," by the Rev. 
A. F. Walz, of Trinity German Lutheran Church; and the "Evangelical 
Church of Troy," by the Rev. Otto Becher, of St. Paul's German Evangelical 
Church. In consequence of the termination of the meeting at eleven o'clock, 
the addresses of the Revs. George E. Smith, A. S. Mays, A. N. Coleman, 
\V. W. Witmer, A. F. Walz, and Otto Becher, were not delivered. The 
manuscripts, and the sketch of the history of the First Unitarian Church, by 
Francis O. Dorr, Esq., were published, with the other addresses, in the Friday 
newspapers. 

The Rev. Ninian B. Remick, whose pastorship of a Presbyterian Church in 
Troy, was the longest of any of the ministers of that denomination then in 
the city, began his brief introductory remarks, by saying : 

" I am a Trojan. During a residence of twenty years, never ashamed of 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 291 

the fact, to-night I am proud of it. But, I stand here as a Presbyterian also. 
And, turning over the pages of our local history, we find no place for vain 
glory, but abundant cause for heartfelt joy and devout thanksgiving to 
Almighty God. It is simple justice to declare here to-night, that the denom- 
ination now to be heard from stands second to none in toleration, in catholicity, 
and aggressive work for our common Master. As an evidence of its toler- 
ance, it allows to remain in its pulpits some of us who have never been heard 
to make it our chief boast that we are Presbyterians of Presbyterians, or Cal- 
vinists of Calvinists. As proof of its aggressiveness, I point you to its twelve 
churches, united, self-supporting, active, and looking for more territory to con- 
quer. And, in regard to its catholicity, it may be said that no denomination 
rejoices more than the Presbyterian over the good work and good men of all 
other denominations." 

In tracing the lines of the growth of the First Presbyterian Church, from 
its organization in 1 79 1 , the Rev. T. P. Sawin said : 

"Three elements entered at once into the growth of the church, as well as 
that of the town : First, the Dutch, who brought with them the patience, the 
perseverance, and the endurance which had been nurtured by their brave an- 
cestry in the long and hard-fought conflicts in their native Netherlands. 
These qualities gave security and promised perpetuity to the infant church. 
Second, the Scotch, who brought with them tenacity of purpose, conservatism 
of spirit, and courage of heart. These things were as the mortar holding 
each stone in its place, and as the joints of the timbers, compacting the frame- 
work into one body and so giving solidity and grandeur to the whole. The 
third element came from the Green Mountains of Vermont, and the Berkshire 
hills and rugged coasts of Massachusetts — old Pilgrim and Puritan stock — 
bringing with it the heaviest brain of the continent, the inspiration of free 
thought, the quickening power of a profound intellectual life, the moral and 
spiritual force of a divine progress, a deep reverence for God's law, and a large 
appreciation of the value of a comfortable hope of the future, which did not, 
however, prevent them from making valuable investments in their present 
earthly state. * * * 

"Dr. N. S. S. Beman, the second pastor of the First Church, was a man of 
world-wide fame. For forty years he held the sacred office in this place. He 
was an apostle of liberty, a valiant advocate and defender of the faith, a man 
of clear convictions and heroic mould, who dared to fling himself in front of 
opposing spears, that he might establish the right of independent thought and 
open the path of progress to all who might come after him. A trained debater, 
a skillful dialectician, a bold and uncompromising thinker, he taught men both 
by precept and example to be firm and loyal in adherence to rightful authority, 



292 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

and yet fearless in the investigation of and search for truth. He gave an up- 
ward and onward impulse to Christian Presbyterianism in this city, the force 
and vigor of which are still felt in the twelve congregations that gather every 
Sunday under the symbol of this faith. Gratefully do we acknowledge, that 
he is one of those men into whose magnificent labors we have entered. 

" Concerning the lay influence which has gone forth from this church during 
the last one hundred years, this entire centennial celebration will bear abun- 
dant evidence. Statesmen of national renown, jurists, lawyers, physicians, 
educators, journalists, and business men of wonderful, far-seeing sagacity have 
been honored and faithful adherents of this faith." 

The Rev. George C. Baldwin, D. D , referring to the duty incumbent upon 
him, and the Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, D. D., and the Rev. Peter Havermans, 
of introducing to the audience the clergymen of their denomination who were 
to deliver addresses, said : 

" We were selected because our pastorates have been the longest in the city 
during the past one hundred years, and together comprise nearly one hundred 
and fifty years. And, I believe it will gratify you all, and honor our common 
Christianity, to tell you that while occupying different and widely-distinct 
church relationships, holding to different theological creeds and ecclesiastical 
polities, we maintained during all that long, long period warm personal friend- 
ship and helpful, sympathetic, neighborly, Christian relations with each other. 

" During our pastorates we saw more than one hundred different ministers 
come to labor in and go from our goodly city. All of them were good, useful 
pastors. Some of them are now occupying exalted positions, filling large 
spheres of usefulness in the great centers of our population. * * * But, 
my heart grows tender when I recall the names of more than fifty who, 
during the last half century, labored among us, and who have died — been 
transferred from the toils of the church militant to the higher ministries and 
transcendent blessedness of the church triumphant." 

The Rev. L. M. S. Haynes, D. D., describing the growth of the Baptist 
churches in the city, remarked : 

"Two hundred and fifty years ago, in the month of March, 1639, the first 
Baptist church on this continent was organized by Roger Williams in Provi- 
dence, R. I. Nearly one hundred years later a few Baptists, in 1781, consti- 
tuted the first Baptist church ever known in this section of the country, at 
Hillsdale. Eight years after, on the 15th of October, 1795, the First Baptist 
Church of Troy came into existence. 

" The details of our growth have already been well defined in many historic 
records. It is only necessary for me to say, that the little handful of those 
far-away years has developed into five substantial and prosperous organiza- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 293 

tions. We have now 2,000 members, about 1,000 families, and an average 
attendance at our Sabbath-schools of about 1,000 scholars. * * 

" In 1855, the Rev. Jonah G. Warren, pastor of Fifth Avenue Church, went 
to Boston and became the corresponding secretary or general manager of the 
American Baptist Missionary Union, a position which he filled with distin- 
guished ability for many years. Under his administration the Rev. and Mrs. 
James Haswell, members of the First Church, left their home in Troy and 
joined the consecrated host in Burmah. At this very time Miss Susie Haswell, 
the oldest save one, and the most distinguished of all female missionaries now 
in the field, is at her post in Maulmain, and is a member of my own church. 

" In 1839, tne Rev. Dr. Benjamin Hill, a pastor of the First Church, went 
to New York and became the general manager of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society. The Rev. Dr. C. P. Sheldon, so lately entered into rest, for 
twenty years the St. John of the Baptists of all this State, known only to be 
loved, became the state secretary of this same society. * * * Neither 
can we forget that one of our fairest daughters, Miss Marie A. Whitman, of 
the Second Baptist Church, represents us to-day in the kingdom of Japan, 
having left her beautiful home on Ida Hill to tell the story and sing the song 
of redeeming love to her dark-skinned sisters. This missionary circle belts 
the world. So has Troy with a prodigal hand shaken the blossoms of an early 
charity into the lap of the nations. 

" Our distinguished educational relations have been no less marked. The 
second Baptist minister in Troy was Francis Wayland, sr. He had a very 
talented son, who graduated at Union College, was converted in Troy, baptized 
by his father in the Hudson, and united with the then only Baptist church. 
Here, in this city, his home for five years, he received his early religious and 
intellectual impressions, which afterward ripened into noble usefulness. He 
became the president of Brown University, the author of distinguished works 
on mental, moral, and political science, and for many years the most distin- 
guished of all Baptists, as he was one of the most learned of all men, the 
Rev. Francis Wayland, D. D., LL. D." 

The Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, D. D., reviewing the incidents of his long 
ministry in Troy, said : 

" When I came to this city there were three Episcopal churches. We have 
now seven, with a large and growing interest in the Cathedral of All Saints, 
Albany. Among my clerical associates and pastoral friends four have been 
elevated to the Episcopate, Scarborough, Starkey, Worthington, and Potter, 
the Bishop of New York, once so closely and dearly associated with St. John's 
Parish ; and who, from his elevated position, might seem now to rank as me- 
tropolitan of our church in this country. Dr. Van Kleeck, for many years 



294 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

rector of St. Paul's Parish, through faithful and efficient service as a parish 
priest, was promoted to the more arduous and prominent position of secretary 
of our Board of Domestic Missions. The Rev. Dr. Fairbairn, for years rector 
of Christ Church, is now president of St. Stephen's College at Annandale, 
and there, by his talents, tact, and energy, has acquired, for himself and col- 
lege, distinction and public esteem. Dr. Eliphalet Potter, president of Ho- 
bart College, who, with personal traits and gifts that win affection and respect, 
bears, along with his brother, the Bishop of New York, a ' clarum et venera- 
bile nomen,' may be regarded as the founder of the free church, St. Barnabas. 
* * # And here I have to recall the names of Drs. Walter and Cox, once 
rectors of St. John's ; the deep theologian and sharp controversialist, Dr. Coit, 
the faithful, hard-working Harison, a man who, by his knowledge of canon 
law and zealous energy, belonged to the church at large, rather than to St. 
Paul's Parish. * * * 

"St. John's Church is closely identified with the first enterprise of the Epis- 
copal Church in the foreign field. In 1828, Rev. J. J. Robertson was sent to 
Greece. Rev. Dr. Hill was soon afterward associated with him in his mis. 
sionary labors. Dr. and Mrs. Hill established at Athens a school for Greek 
girls. That school was fostered by the kindly sympathy and generous bene- 
factions of Miss Emma Willard and other warm-hearted and charitable women 
of this city. ' The work wisely begun grew and prospered, and the words of a 
Greek statesman, addressed to Mrs. Hill, ' Lady, you are erecting in Athens 
a memorial more enduring and more noble than yonder temple,' pointing to 
the Parthenon, have proved prophetic' That humble school, at its birth, of 
Dr. and Mrs. Hill, lifted the Greeks from the desolation, ignorance, and degra- 
dation of Turkish rule and tyranny, and, in course of time, placed Greece as 
a bright star in the constellation of European dynasties. 

" In this city was introduced the choral service, through the energy and lib- 
erality of my worthy friend and parishioner, Dr. Nathan B. Warren, a name 
identified with the progress and improvement of ecclesiastical music in this 
country. Here was established the first or second free missionary church in 
our communion. Here was the first observance of Saints' days and the festi- 
val of the Ascension. Here the first Episcopal minister preached in a sur- 
plice. Here were first heard in one of our churches the old Gregorian tones. 
I might refer to other novelties, as they were once called, introduced in this 
city, and which are now well-established usages throughout our communion. 
The name of Troy has been wafted by a tide of sacred melody over oceans 
to the Azores, Japan, Greece, and Rome, and brought back a cheering response 
even from the lord high chancellor of England, the author of the ' Book of 

Pj it 
raise. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 295 

The Rev. Edgar A. Enos, in his terse address, having felicitously expressed 
his inability to accomplish in the ten minutes granted him, the task of sketch- 
ing " the origin, early growth, and later development and expansion of the 
Episcopal Church in Troy," remarked : 

"Allow me to say in closing, that any sense of personal disappointment which 
I may be supposed to feel in not doing what I set out to do, is considerably 
mitigated by the fact that I have had the honor to be associated here with that 
Nestor among us, facile princeps among the priests of our communion in Troy, 
known and loved by everbody — the Rev. Dr. Tucker, who has already given you 
the salient points of our common subject with great clearness of statement, fine 
picturesqueness of expression, and much color of probability as to truthfulness." 

The Rev. George W. Brown, D. D., describing the growth of the Methodist 
Church in Troy, said : 

"The Methodist itinerant followed close in the wake of immigration to this 
place, and converts were gathered among the early settlers. The first per- 
manent society was enrolled by Elijah Chichester in 1805. The first church 
was built in 1809. It was a wooden structure, and served the wants of the 
people for nearly twenty years. It gave place to a brick church, on nearly the 
same site, in 1827, which, in turn, was replaced by the present State Street 
Church in 1871. About 5,000 persons have united with this church since its 
organization, and twenty-five ministers have gone out from its membership to 
preach the gospel. The following daughter churches have also gone forth 
from under the roof of the State Street Church : Pawling Avenue in 1827 ; 
West Troy in 1831 ; Fifth Avenue in 1834 ; Third Street in 1845 ; Trinity in 
1846; Levings Church in 1850; Grace in 1858; Zion Church in 1832, and 
the German Church in 1857. These churches have now a membership 
of 2,765, and a Methodist population of 10,000. Since the beginning of the 
century the population of Troy has multiplied fifty-four times ; the member- 
ship of the Methodist churches ninety times." 

The Rev. Peter Havermans, in reviewing the years of his long pastorate in 
Troy, said : 

" I have been residing in this city forty-six years and in the United States 
fifty-nine years and six months. My jurisdiction as clergyman once extended 
from Saratoga Springs to Massachusetts, and from Lebanon Springs to Salem, 
an extent of about seventy miles. * * * At the time that I ministered to 
the Catholics in Saratoga Springs and Salem, we had, in this city of Troy > 
only one small frame church — the old St. Peter's — to which a small addition 
of brick was afterward added. Now we have here eight Catholic churches 
with large congregations, a beautiful hospital, two orphan asylums, a grand 
home for aged poor, a home for penitent women who wish to change their 



296 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

lives and become useful members of society, a flourishing academy, with over 
300 pupils, under the direction of the Christian Brothers ; a grand theological 
seminary ; numerous well-equipped and elegantly-built school-houses, and last 
of all, a foundling asylum and lying-in hospital for the poor, which I am, at 
present, trying to establish upon a permanent basis." 

The Very Rev. John Walsh prefaced his address by saying : 
" Much has been, or will be, said of the material and religious "rowth of 
our city during the last century, and much merited praise will be given to the 
zealous citizen in the spiritual sphere, and the energetic citizen in the business 
world who have contributed most to this double prosperity. To my mind, this 
stage to-night presents the evidence of the most striking growth within all the 
limits of our municipality. It exhibits an advancement and growth in religious 
tolerance — in respect for the convictions and opinions of others, no matter 
how they may diverge from ours, in the allaying of all the obtrusiveness and 
aggressiveness of the odium theologicum — the theological bitterness — and in 
the acknowledgment that the profession of all religious belief must be as 
free to God, so far as external violence goes, as the Epiphany offerings of the 
magi to the Divine Infant. Without surrendering any of our beliefs, without 
bartering any of our convictions, without accepting any doctrine not in accord- 
ance with our reason and our church teaching, we are all willing to give tribute 
to the good done by each church, and confess that we have reached the dawn 
of a new day, when we can repudiate the fagot and the thumb-screw as instru- 
ments of gospel preaching." 

Sketching the history of the Roman Catholic churches in Troy, he said : 
" In the beginning of 1808, the diocese of New York was established, with 
the Dominican Luke Concanen as its first bishop. Then, for the first time, the 
Catholics of this State were regularly attended and some organization effected. 
In 1784, there was not a single Catholic church or Catholic congregation in the 
entire State of New York. In 1779, a P r i est > by name Matthew O'Brien, 
visited Albany, and another, James Burke, Albany and Troy, in 1808 ; Paul 
McOuade in 1813 ; Rev. Mr. Brennan in 1825, and Rev. Mr. Savage in 1826. 
As early as 1796, St. Mary's congregation in Albany was incorporated, and 
the corner-stone of the first church of St. Mary was laid on the 1 3th of Sep- 
tember, 1 797, by one of the trustees, Thomas Barry. That church is the cradle 
of Catholicity in all this vicinity. It became a resting-place for all the priests 
whose duty it was to care for all Roman Catholics north of Poughkeepsie 
to Canada and west to Buffalo." 

The Rev. O. F. Safford, D. D., having adverted to the fraternity and good- 
will marking the attitude of the Universalist Church toward all Christians, 
observed : 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 297 

" No one can mistake the prophetic significance of this unique religious 
celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the naming of Troy. Here we 
are on one platform — Christians of every name, and Hebrews whose religion 
antedates Christianity itself — and we all rejoice in our liberty, in mutual ap- 
preciation, and in the glory of one common citizenship." 

The Rev. R. D. Williamson, in concluding his address, spoke of the local 
influence of the United Presbyterian Church of Troy: 

" Thus, from this small beerinningf, and often under most adverse circum- 
stances, has this church continued to grow and maintain her position among 
the other churches of the city, and while not so large in membership, it has 
not been without an influence in helping mould the character of the city. 
Educated under an influence somewhat rigid, we have, perhaps, been more 
conservative than aggressive, which in this fast age maybe as necessary as the 
other. We have ever favored the quiet and religious observance of the Sab- 
bath, a secular education based upon true Bible principles, besides seeking to 
inculcate everywhere purity of principle, integrity of character, and upright- 
ness of life." 

The German citizens celebrated the centennial anniversary at Apollo Hall, 
on Thursday evening, with historical tableaux, singing by the Mannerchor, 
Sangerbund and Fidelio associations, and an address by Werner Strecker. 

The Public School Festival, on Friday afternoon, in charge of Lewis E. 
Gurley, Harvey J. King, Francis N. Mann, Uavid Beattie, and Albert Smith, 
was one of the most attractive features of the centennial. A chorus of five 
hundred school children sang a number of National hymns. Two prizes of 
$20 each were offered for the best essay and poem on the "history, progress, 
and promise of Troy," written by any of the pupils of the public schools. 
The prize committee awarded one to Charles S. McSorley for the best essay, 
and the other to Warren S. Gardner for the best poem. 

The subjects of the three addresses were, " The Public Schools," by David 
Beattie; " The Future of Our Public Schools," by Albert Smith, Esq., and 
"Emma Willard, and Amos Eaton," by Benjamin H. Hall, Esq. 

David Beattie, superintendent of the public schools of Troy, in his address, 
said : 

" The earliest general ' act for the encouragement of schools,' was passed 
for the benefit of cities and towns, in April, 1795, when Troy was six years old. 
Albany, although over one hundred years old even then, required special des- 
ignation in the act, as a town, for the purposes of the act. But $50,000 a 
year was appropriated by law for the maintenance of the schools of the entire 
State, and the share of Troy must have been small enough, even for her di- 
minutive population. * * * An abstract of the returns for the year, 1 798, 
38 



298 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

from sixteen of the twenty-three counties, shows that a total of 1,352 schools 
had been organized under the laws, instructing 60,000 children. Enactments, 
revisions and repeals, marking a period of evolution of common schools, fol- 
lowed, until the passage of 'An act to incorporate the city of Troy,' in April, 
1 816. In this act the first four wards were erected into a permanent district, 
and power was given to the Common Council to raise by tax $500 annually to 
repair the school-house and support a school, and also power to build a school- 
house, and to raise by tax the necessary money. This was substantially the 
law until 1849. 

" The Lancasterian schools, named after John Lancaster, a Quaker, who had 
introduced the system into England, obtained a foothold in this State, and 
received legislative indorsement and support, about 1815. These schools were 
inexpensive, conducted on the monitorial plan, with a system of immediate 
rewards and punishments, and were intended especially for the benefit of the 
poor. The system found its way to Troy, and the Lancasterian school was 
located on State Street and Sixth Avenue. A hint of its origin is found in a 
law passed in March, 1828, entitled 'An act to prevent the sale of tickets of 
unauthorized lotteries, and to prevent the forgery of lottery tickets.' This law 
required the mayor of Troy to apply all the money received by him for grant- 
ing licenses to the venders of lottery tickets in Troy, to the trustees of dis- 
trict No. 1, to be expended by them in the establishment and support of a high 
school on the monitorial plan. * * * 

" For a long period public schools were maintained by the payment of rate 
bills, by the parents of those who possessed sufficient means to do so, and the 
commutation of the rates of those who were too poor to make the small pay- 
ments required. The Lancasterian system was designed to assist the latter 
class. The agitation of the doctrine of public free schools arose about 1845, 
and gained force year after year, until the idea took definite form in 1849, 
when rate bills were abolished and the schools were made free to all. The 
board of trustees of district No. 1, which was organized on March 7th, 1848, 
by the election of John S. Perry as president, was composed of three trustees 
from each of the following wards: the first, second, third, fourth, seventh, 
and eighth. The teachers were ' appointed collectors of their respective 
schools.' * * * 

" Soon after, the president reported that ' the bills for tuition in the several 
schools were accumulating to a large amount,' and desired that action be taken 
in the matter. A motion was made to reduce the tuition in primary schools 
to seventy-five cents per quarter, and in the upper departments to $1. It 
was subsequently fixed at fifty and seventy-five cents per quarter, and in the 
colored schools at six and one-quarter cents per month, of which the teacher 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 299 

was to receive ten per cent, for collecting the rates. * * At the close 

of this transition period of the schools, the records show the following facts 
pertaining to district No. 1 : Number of schools (independent of colored 
school), 4; number of teachers, 16; number of children enrolled, 1,286; highest 
average attendance in one quarter, 997 ; average for the year, 907 ; amount 
charged to pupils, $2,498.29 ; amount collected on same, $240; annual salary 
of male principal, upper department, $675 ; salary of female principal, primary, 
$275 ; assistant, upper department, $200; assistant, primary, $100; total pay- 
roll to teachers for the year, $4,800. 

"An important departure was taken in June of that famous year, 1848, in 
the appointment of a collector for the district, instead of relying upon the 
teachers to perform that duty. The name of the collector appointed is a 
household word in Troy, for N. H. Benson undertook the duties of the office 
for $25 per quarter and five per cent, of the collections. Try to picture the 
faces of the trustees, when the next quarterly report revealed the fact that it 
had cost over $25 to collect $5.62 ; and a like sum to collect $1.25 in the next 
succeeding quarter. At the stipulated rate it would have cost $112 to have 
collected the $240 which was paid in during the year. 

" The trustees labored faithfully for a change of system, and there was 
passed on April 4th, 1849, 'An act to amend the charter of the city of Troy, 
and to provide for the establishment of free schools in that city.' This law 
antedated by one week the law making free the schools throughout the State. 
They buried a system which pinned the fluttering rags of poverty to the gar- 
ments of the unfortunate, and helped to usher in an era which opened the 
doors of our schools to rich and poor alike, which unified the system and ex- 
tended it throughout the entire city. * * * From this point the story of 
our schools can be more easily told, for from the organization of the board of 
education, which occurred on April 25th, 1849, $ u ^ an< ^ accurate records of all 
transactions are within the reach of the curious in such matters. * * * All 
legislation concerning our schools, up to the present time, is based upon the 
act of 1849, so f ar as tne policy and powers of the successive boards are con- 
cerned. Of course, there has been evolution here as in other fields. The 
high school was established by resolution of the board in November, 1853, 
and organized in January, 1854. * * * 

" We now occupy fifteen buildings, and we have enrolled nearly 9,000 
children in a single year. The average daily attendance has approximated 
5,600 for a number of years. The corps of teachers numbers from 160 to 170. 
The curriculum conforms, as far as possible, to the demands of the times." 

Albert Smith, Esq., in speaking of the educational advantages given the 
people, remarked : 



30O TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

" The public schools of the future must devote more attention to moral de- 
velopment. The composite character of our people renders religious training 
in the school-room an impossibility. This fact enhances the importance of 
moral training, and, perhaps, there is no more important question respecting 
the schools of the future than how to meet this want. It may not be that a 
system of moral science will be taught in our primary, or even in our grammar 
or high schools. It may well be questioned whether the mind of the youth 
not advanced beyond these departments of study would derive any benefit, 
morally or otherwise, by such a course. * * * The healthful influences of 
tidy, well-furnished school-rooms and music, together with the lessons silently 
imparted by the conduct of a true and noble man or woman, in love with 
teaching and humanity, will accomplish far more toward moral and religious 
development than the study of any system of ethics or theology. * 
The demand for better buildings, for higher education, for special training for 
teachers, for a compulsory law which will compel attendance, for State super- 
vision over private schools, must all be met and answered before the schools 
of the future shall have attained the standard of excellence and usefulness 
which their importance demands." 

Benjamin H. Hall, Esq., in paying a becoming tribute to the memory of 
Mrs. Emma Willard and of Professor Amos Eaton, remarked : 

" Soon after the late Dr. Coit commenced his ministrations at St. Paul's 
Church in this city, he said to a friend that when he was asked to come to 
Troy he knew nothing of it, except that it was the seat of the Rensselaer 
Institute, developed by Amos Eaton, and of the Female Seminary founded by 
Emma Willard. And it must not be forgotten that before Troy became the 
center of the iron manufacturing interests east of the Alleghany Mountains, 
its fame rested in great measure on the educational advantages which it pos- 
sessed by means of these two schools. * * * 

" To Emma Willard belongs, in right of her pioneer life as a teacher, of 
her courageous nature, of her gentleness and refinement, of her capabilities 
in education, and of the power that she developed in guiding and directing 
those whom she taught in all elegant and womanly ways — to her belongs 
the title of ' Founder of American Female Education.' In full apprecia- 
tion of the vast acquirements and the simple habits of Amos Eaton, Emma 
Willard, who knew him well, named him ' the Republican Philosopher.' ' 

The excellent and interesting addresses of Thursday evening, " Lawyers' 
Night," concluded, in a highly satisfactory manner, the commemorative exer- 
cises of the week at Music Hall. The committee of the Troy Bar in charge 
of the meeting was, Justice Charles R. Ingalls, Gilbert Robertson, jr., Charles 
E. Patterson, Justin Kellogg, and George B. Wellington. Nearly all the law- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 301 

yers of the city were present, and sat on the stage with the committee and 
orators of the evening. 

In becoming the presiding officer of the meeting, the Hon. Charles R. 
Ingalls said : 

" In legal phrase, the bar of the county of Rensselaer now has its day in 
court, and before such a court as this, composed of the wealth, the beauty, and 
the intellect of Troy, the lawyers of this county are paid a compliment which 
in their behalf I desire to acknowledge." 

The Hon. Edgar L. Fursman, in his eloquent presentation of "A plea for 
my own profession," remarked : 

" It is a crown of imperishable honor to this profession that under all excite- 
ments, in the midst of every agitation, it is quiet and not restless, thoughtful 
and not ignorant, ' willing to learn and cautious to teach,' tolerant of error 
but firm in condemning it ; that its disciples are never found ' beginning refor- 
mation by subversion,' and that wherever they are arrayed, there is to be found 
the cause of liberty and good government. They respect the religious insti- 
tutions of their country ; they yield the right of individual opinion to all men ; 
they esteem and uphold the constitutions of state to which their fathers have 
clung in every revolution, so that, neither in war nor peace, nor in the usurpa- 
tion of power, nor popular madness, nor the overthrow of governments, not 
even in the heat of successful resistance to oppression, have they forgotten to 
honor truth or neglected to assert and maintain justice." * * * 

The Hon. Franklin J. Parmenter, in his admirable address on " The Life and 
Character of the Hon. George Gould," said : 

" George Gould, whom the honorable committee have instructed me to make 
the principal subject of my address on this centennial evening, was the son of 
that eminent jurist and legal instructor, James Gould, LL. D., who kept the 
famous school at Litchfield in Connecticut, where the young legal idea was 
taught how to shoot, and where the distinguished late fire-eater, John C. Cal- 
houn, was numbered among its pupils ; and where the hot South Carolinian 
might have learned from the Goulds, and other healthful associations, that the 
principles of nullification were rather dangerous in our colder climate, and would 
not grow in half a century thence sufficiently strong to protect his tomb from 
the vengeful cannon of an outraged North. 

" Here, at Litchfield, under the paternal roof, George Gould was born on 
the 2d day of September, 1807, and it does not require an arithmetician like 
Cassio to determine that, if living, he would now be in his eighty-second year. 
* Gould graduated with distinction at Yale College in 1827. At this 
time, his father's celebrated law school was at the height of its fame, and 
therein young Gould, ever ambitious to excel, mastered the rudiments of the 



302 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

law and acquired that thorough knowledge of its philosophy and principles 
which afterward reflected so much lustre upon his character as a jurist while 
on the bench of our State, and which enabled him with so easy a grace and 
with such a just precision to winnow the wheat from the chaff, and decide on 
the instant (and generally in a manner that afterward met the approval of the 
appellate courts) the most vexed questions of law, however complicated and 
twisted into specious semblances by ingenious and skillful counsel. 

" Sixty years ago our city was not so beautiful and attractive as it is to-day ; 
nevertheless, at that time hither came George Gould, then a handsome young 
man. * * * He formed his first law partnership with the late Hon. George 
R. Davis, a gentleman whom the past generation held in affection and esteem 
for his pleasant, genial companionship, and for his sterling qualities as a law- 
yer and a legislator. * * * George Gould soon won the love and affection 
of an amiable and deserving young lady, the daughter of one of our most 
prominent citizens, the late George Vail, to whom our city is much indebted 
for the prosperity and fame that greet her at the close of her first century. 
Judge Gould continued in active practice at the Troy bar for about 
twenty-five years, though for some years before he left the bar to assume the 
duties of a justice of the supreme court, his labors as treasurer and legal ad- 
viser of the Troy and Boston Railroad Company; the management of the large 
estate of his father-in-law, and various other matters, drew him away from the 
courts. But, during the period named, his industry, his classical scholarship, 
his quick perception of legal principles, his readiness to turn them against an 
adversary, combined with his great natural abilities, had brought him to the 
front rank of his profession. * * * He held various offices, more of trust 
than of profit. Our citizens, in 1852, gave proof of their esteem and confi- 
dence by electing him for their mayor. * * * 

"When elevated to the bench of the supreme court, in 1855, Gould was an 
active member of the American party, to which he was indebted for his nom- 
ination. * * * Judge Gould, despairing of the survival of any political 
virtue after the decease of his party, cast his fortunes with the Repub- 
licans. * * * 

"As a judicial officer Judge Gould has had few superiors. He brought to 
the discharge of his duties a mature judgment, a ripe scholarship, a more than 
ordinary acquaintance with the literature of Greece and Rome, a thorough 
knowledge of law in its multifarious bearings, and a quick application of its 
principles. * * * In i860 he conferred an enduring favor on the bar of 
our State by editing and adapting to our Code, his father's celebrated ' Treatise 
on the Principles of Pleading.' This was an undertaking of no ordinary labor, 
as the copious and well-considered notes of the careful editor can testify ; 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 303 

but it must have been a labor of love to a man justly proud of his father's 
fame, and with the warm feelings that always stirred the bosom of George 
Gould. * * * 

"In the full vigor of his great mental powers ; in the sixty-second year of 
his age, at his residence in Troy, on the 6th day of December, 1868, this emi- 
nent and much-loved man, peacefully and quietly, and with hope that springs 
from a blameless and useful life, passed to a higher court than ours." * * * 

The Hon. Martin I. Townsend, having succinctly reviewed the official posi- 
tions of different members of the Troy bar, sketched, in a graphic manner, 
" The Life and Character of the Hon. David L. Seymour." He said: 

" His birthplace was Wethersfield, in the State of Connecticut. He was the 
son of Asher and Mary Lowrey Seymour, of that town. His ancestors on 
both sides were among the earliest and most honored settlers of that State, 
his paternal stock being the same from which sprang the Seymours, so prom- 
inent in the politics of both Connecticut and New York. * * * He pur- 
sued a full course of study at Yale College, and graduated there with high 
honor in the class of 1826. His eminent classical attainments procured him 
the position of tutor in that institution, and he discharged the duties of that 
office from 1828 to 1830. Upon his graduation he began the study of law in 
the law department of Yale College, and was admitted to practice in 1829. In 
1830 he removed to Troy and began the practice of law in partnership with 
Hon. John P. Cushman, the distinguished jurist of our city. That tireless 
labor so characteristic of Mr. Seymour's life, aided by a clear, forcible, dignified 
and eloquent manner of discussion, soon gave him a prominent position at the 
bar, and in a few years he came to take rank with the leading lawyers of the 
country. 

" Mr. Seymour took a deep interest in politics and was all his life foremost 
in the struggles of the State and country. He was a distinguished member 
of the Legislature of 1836, and was elected a member of Congress in 1842. In 
the Congress to which he had been chosen, he was selected from the State 
of New York to represent that State on the Committee of Ways and Means, 
and won a high character for industry, erudition and statesmanship, and secured 
for himself a very prominent position in our great national council. He was 
again elected to Congress in the fall of 1850, and in the Thirty-second Congress 
discharged the duties of chairman of the Committee on Commerce, with dis- 
tinguished success. His efforts in favor of river and harbor improvements, 
and in securing reciprocity with Canada, brought him very prominently before 
the country, and but for that modesty which was an essential part of his nature, 
would have given him an official prominence somewhat commensurate with his 
personal merit and his political capacity. Mr. Seymour's sympathies were 



304 TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

essentially democratic. So strongly was he imbued with such sentiments that 
in the fall of 1846, when the proposition was before the State to extend the 
rio-ht of suffrage to colored men, irrespective of property qualifications, he 
voted for that measure, although his doing so was deemed disadvantageous to 
the Democratic party, with which he acted, and it was on that occasion that he 
uttered the expression, ' I will not stand up before my God and deny to any 
other man any right which I claim for myself,' a sentiment worthy of any 
statesman of any country, and a sentiment which speaks volumes for the heart 
that uttered it. 

" Mr. Seymour held many minor offices, the duties of which he discharged 
with ability and fidelity, and at one time was urged so strongly for the office 
of Governor of the State, that he lacked, I believe, less than half a dozen 
votes in the convention of his party of being selected as the Democratic can- 
didate for that position. Mr. Seymour was essentially a great man ; great, 
not only in his persuasive and effective oratory and the gifts of God, but great 
from the acquisitions of a diligent and studious life. * * * He never 
took his opinions of public measures from the current creed of his party. But 
whenever or wherever he was called to act or speak, he brought the full en- 
ergy of his well-trained intellectual powers to bear upon the questions to be 
discussed or acted upon, before enunciating his opinions or committing him- 
self to action. As a member of the Committee of Ways and Means, in the 
first Congress of which he was a member, he adopted neither the views of his 
Democratic or Whig colleagues upon the subject, but, after exhaustive investi- 
gations, presented his own views to Congress in a report which spoke for no 
party, but which was the result of his own matured judgment. * * * Mr- 
Seymour, although well aware of his own powers, never for a moment became 
over-confident, and never on any occasion obtruded himself or his opinions 
when not fairly called to do so by duty or propriety. * * * In the private 
relations of life he has left a name without a moral stain. Genial and affec- 
tionate in his nature, he was at once the ornament and idol of his domestic 
circle, illustrating in his own person the virtues of that ancestry whose memory 
he so fondly cherished. * * * 

"I first knew him in 1833. From that day we were, for four and thirty 
years, neighbors, and for nearly the entire period the most intimate and con- 
fiding friends. * * * 

"At the time of Mr. Seymour's death, which occurred in the fall of 1867, he 
was a member of the convention called to revise the Constitution of the State. 
He occupied a very prominent position in that body, and but for the severe 
labor he imposed upon himself there, he might have been long spared to this 
city and to his family, whom he idolized and who idolized him. He had nearly 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 305 

attained the age of sixty-four years. His loss was felt most sincerely by his 
friends, by the profession, and by the State at large. But he passed from us 
in the full maturity of his powers, and before time had tarnished the brilliancy 
of those faculties which have rarely been equaled — very seldom surpassed." 

The Hon. Roswell A. Parmenter, in his masterly portrayal of "The Life 
and Character of the Hon. William A. Beach," said : 

" The central figure in my brief discourse will be that of a lawyer whose 
commanding form, powerful eloquence, and imperishable fame will be remem- 
bered and appreciated in this presence. The portrayal of his professional 
character, extending over half a century, will not require me to extol one mem- 
ber of the legal profession at the expense of another. In drawing his char- 
acter, it shall be my aim to hold the scale with a steady hand and with an even 
poise ; nor will it require his humble eulogist to overlook or forget the great 
learning and varied accomplishments of other distinguished members of the 
Troy bar, who after illustrious careers in this city, at the bar and upon the 
bench, have gone to their last account. Having, myself, been a resident of 
the city of Troy for two-score years and upwards, I cherish the remembrance 
of the distinguishing individuality of those Trojan lawyers with liveliest 
interest. I recall the fiery zeal of Judge Buel, the courtly bearing of Judge 
Hunt, the classic eloquence of Senator Strong, the natural oratory and pun- 
gent wit of Gen. Calvin E. Mather, the subtle cunning of Job Pierson, the 
vehement sarcasm of Abram B. Olin, the scholarly attainments of George 
Van Santvoord, the uncultured power of Robert A. Lottridge in the trial of 
criminal causes, the inimitable humor and repartee of Gen. George R. Davis, 
the polished and attractive argumentation of Gardner Stow, the urbanity and 
earnestness of Judge John D. Willard, the black-letter law learning of Judge 
Samuel Huntington, the unerring judgment and sterling common sense of 
Judge Isaac McConihe, the ready book learning, natural as well as acquired, 
of Judge George Gould, and the cautious but comprehensive mind of David 
L. Seymour. * * * 

" Fully appreciating the gifted accomplishments of that galaxy of illustrious 
lawyers, each one of whom would have been pronounced eminent at any bar 
in this country, nevertheless, I feel constrained to rank the late William Au- 
gustus Beach as pre-eminently the great leader of the Troy bar. In his profes- 
sional career William A. Beach survived three epochs. While, comparatively 
speaking, a young practitioner, he attained the leadership of the Saratoga bar. 
In his maturer years and better judgment, he selected the city of Troy as the 
theater of his local practice of the law, where by common consent he became 
the trusted oracle of the Troy bar. Subsequently he removed to the city of 
New York, then as now the commercial metropolis of the western hemisphere. 
39 



306 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

There, also, in the midst of giants of the profession, he again took a front 
rank and maintained it with undimmed lustre for fifteen years, when he retired 
from the arena of professional contest with colors still flying at masthead, but 
with a clear forecast of his own early demise. That sorrowful event too soon 
transpired, and his ashes now repose in yonder Oakwood. We followed his 
remains to the last resting-place, recalling as the funeral cortege moved along, 
the tender lines of the poet over the grave of a friend : 

' E'en as the tenderness that hour instils, 
When summer's day declines along the hills ; 
So feels the fulness of our heart and eyes, 
When all of Genius which can perish — dies.' 

" His professional life was without spot or blemish. Possessing quick per- 
ception and a retentive memory, he could readily master every branch of legal 
science. He loved the practice of the law and he loved the study of the law 
itself, for with Edmund Burke, he regarded the ' law as beneficence acting by 
rule. 

"Although he entertained settled convictions upon fundamental and political 
questions touching the foreign and domestic policy of his country, yet in no 
just sense was he a politician. Always extremely popular with his own political 
party, he never aspired to political preferment, nor was he ever, to my recol- 
lection, a candidate for any elective office. 

•' William A. Beach possessed, in a large degree, quick perception, sound 
judgment, critical discrimination, and an analytical mind. And, in addition 
to those mental gifts, he was blessed with a physical constitution which ena- 
bled him, in any emergency, to successfully encounter and readily overcome 
obstacles and barriers athwart the line of his professional march, which to 
another less resolute, would appear insurmountable. He never lagged behind 
when duty called him to the front. That characteristic was eminently dis- 
played by him in the celebrated trial of Theodore Tilton against Henry Ward 
Beecher, which continued before Chief Justice Neilson and a jury, in the city 
of Brooklyn, for a period of six months. Of course, the impaneled jury con- 
sisted of but twelve men. The trial, however, was really before the reading 
public of America. On either side the array of eminent counsel was formid- 
able, but their strength and courage had become exhausted, so great had been 
the labor, strain, and responsibility imposed upon them. One of the number, 
however, faced the closing ordeal with unparalleled heroism and undaunted 
resolution. That man was William A. Beach. Tired, as he undoubtedly was, 
he did not falter in the final struggle in behalf of his client. The inspiration 
of the scene aroused all the latent energy of his soul, which imparted to him 
the courage and determination of a giant. On that bright morning in the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. T>°7 

rosy month of June, on the one hundredth day of the trial, he commenced the 
final argument for the plaintiff before the jury. The cause and the tribunal, 
ambition, pride, and reputation, called for the display of all his ingenuity, 
genius, skill, and power. He was equal to the occasion. Every intonation of 
his voice, every burst of eloquence, every flash of his eye, and every move- 
ment of his body bespoke him as the foremost advocate of the age. His ad- 
dress, in its delivery before the jury, occupied ten consecutive court days. 
During all that time he employed and brought into requisition every rule of 
logic, every favorable conclusion deducible from the evidence, every presump- 
tion of law and fact, and every flower of rhetoric, arranged and embellished 
with the choicest language. As a specimen of artistic skill and eloquence, 
that address, in my judgment, has never been surpassed in ancient or modern 
times. Over its delivery a crowded auditory hung in breathless suspense day 
after day, and finally when the last word had been uttered all decorum gave 
way, and the court-house resounded with the universal acclaim. That orator, 
who could move vast assemblages or hold them spell-bound with the magic of 
his eloquence, now sleeps in death, but his great argument as published, cov- 
ering over 200 printed pages, will live while the English language continues 
to be read or spoken. In beauty of language, in fertility of illustration, in 
loftiness and purity of sentiment, in grandeur of conception, and in power of 
argumentation, both by way of attack and by way of defense, that speech will 
successfully challenge comparison with any previous forensic argument, in any 
country and in any age of the world's history. * * * 

"In yonder secluded nook, on Oakwood's hillside, selected by his own hand 
as a place of burial, lovely by nature, and made more beautiful by art, where 
the shock of contending forces would fail to awaken his slumbers ; where all 
the turmoil of this mortal life is hushed in peace and may never more disturb 
his sweet repose, and where, perchance, a disenthralled spirit still lingers at the 
shrine to catch the echoes of this centennial anniversary, there, his sincere 
friend and humble eulogist would cautiously approach and noiselessly enter, 
and beneath the silent stars of heaven, with uncovered head, and on bended 
knee, and with fraternal hand, tenderly lay this earnest but inadequate offering 
upon the tomb of William A. Beach." 

Benjamin H. Hall, Esq., ably reviewed the career of three eminent 
members of the Troy bar. In sketching the high character and extensive use- 
fulness of the Hon. John Paine Cushman, he said : 

" Born at Pomfret, in Connecticut, on March 8th, 1784, and springing from 
an ancestry that blossomed in this land from the Mayflower of the Pilgrims, 
he was true to the heritage of worth which was his own peculiar possession. 
In the excellent schools of his native State he received instruction, not only 



308 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

in his early youth, but also in pursuing his studies preparatory to receiving a 
collegiate education. Meantime his health was not neglected, for in his leisure 
hours, under the supervision of his father, he performed the laborious duties 
of a farmer, and by the physical training thus followed, secured for himself in 
manhood a powerful frame and a constitution of unusual strength and elastic- 
ity. Having graduated at Yale College in 1807, he soon after began the 
study of law at the celebrated law school at Litchfield, Conn., then in charge 
of those eminent jurists, Judges Keen and Gould, and after remaining there 
about a year was admitted to practice law in the courts of his native State. 
He subsequently read law in the office of the venerable Abraham Van Vechten 
of Albany, but finally fixing his residence in Troy, in the year 1809, spent a 
brief period in legal study in the office of William M. Bliss, and soon after 
commenced practice in the courts of this State. 

"In 18 1 2 he married the eldest daughter of Col. Benjamin Tallmadge of 
Litchfield, Conn., a distinguished soldier of the Revolution, and thus entered 
upon a union, in which the purest love supplemented by a regard mutual and 
constant, resulted in a happiness which was never clouded until ended by death. 
His intellectual brightness, his devotion to business, and his courteous de- 
meanor, soon secured for him the respect of all with whom he came in contact, 
and at the age of thirty-two, having received a nomination as representative 
in Congress from the Rensselaer district, he was elected to that position, and 
held it from March 4th, 181 7, to March 4th, 1819. * * * A renomination 
was tendered him, but was refused, as he was strongly desirous of resuming 
his professional business. He now applied himself assiduously to the practice 
of the law, winning clients by interesting himself in their cases with all the 
ardor and enthusiasm of his nature, and defending their rights with a sincerity 
that inspired them with confidence and hope. * * * His knowledge of 
the law received recognition in his election, as recorder of Troy, in 1833, which 
position he held until 1838, when he was appointed circuit judge of the third 
circuit. In the discharge of the duties of this office he continued until 1844, 
when his judicial career terminated, he having attained the age of sixty years, 
the constitutional limit of judicial service. * * * 

" In addition to the offices held by him, already named, he was a Regent 
of the University of the State of New York, from 1830 to 1834, and 
was a trustee of Union College, in which last position he continued till 
the time of his death, which occurred September 1 6th, 1848. Sincerely 
believing in the principles of the Christian faith, he exemplified that belief 
in his conduct in every relation of life, and was found ready and prepared 
for the summons which introduced him to the possibilities of a future exist- 
ence." 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 3°9 

In his tribute to the memory of David Buel, jr., he said : 

" He was born at Litchfield, Conn., on October 22d, 1784, and came to Troy 
when he was fourteen years old, with his father. Here he prepared himself for 
college, and was graduated at Williams in 1805, one of the honors having been 
awarded him in the form of an oration, which was received with applause. 
His legal studies were pursued in Troy in the office of his brother-in-law, John 
Bird, and subsequently at Albany, first with Daniel Jones, then with Mr. Beers, 
and then with the great lawyer, long beloved as the " Father of the Bar," 
Abraham Van Vechten. With the latter he remained as a student until he 
was admitted to the bar as an attorney of the supreme court in 1808, soon after 
which he began the practice of his profession in Troy, being associated suc- 
cessively with various partners. His physical constitution was never robust, 
and though he was obliged occasionally to remit for a time his labors as a law- 
yer and seek the bracing influences of climes more favorable to his condition, 
still the amount and variety of the work which he accomplished during his 
long life would be regarded as a creditable result for a man of robust health and 
unremitting industry. * * * In 1818 he was appointed a judge of the county 
court of Rensselaer county, and on the death of Josiah Masters, in 1823, was 
made first judge of the same court, and continued in this position until his 
resignation in 1828. During the time he presided in this court, a large amount 
both of civil and criminal business was transacted there. 

" His high social position, coupled with his studious life, and his recognized 
ability, made him the trusted friend and adviser of the most prominent citi- 
zens in this portion of the State, and his advice and direction were eagerly 
sought in the formation of business, educational, and religious institutions, 
and in the development and care of their future interests and growth. * 

"He was connected with St. Paul's Church from its inception in 1804 until 
the year 1830, when he and his father were among the organizers and most 
liberal supporters of St. John's Church. To St. Paul's Church he returned in 
the spring of 1839, and was senior warden of that church at the time of his 
death. * * * For years, with another like-minded with himself, he took 
charge of a Sunday-school among the colored people of the city, and the ser- 
vice thus rendered was gratefully received, and resulted in the advancement 
in morals and religion of those whom he taught. He also held service on 
Sunday evenings with a congregation of colored people, reading to them ap- 
propriate sermons or assisting when a preacher of their own addressed them. 
Of him it may be said as a truth, he was " not slothful in business, fervent in 
spirit ; serving the Lord." He died in this city, surrounded by nearly all of 
his children and grandchildren, on August 16th, i860, in his seventy-sixth 

— " -K- -X* ■?£ 

year. 



310 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Describing the services of the Hon. William L. Marcy, he said : 
" He was the son of a farmer, and was born at Southbridge, in the southern 
part of Worcester County, Massachusetts, on December 12th, 1786. His 
studies were wisely conducted, and, after pursuing a preparatory course, he 
was admitted a student at Brown University, whence he was graduated in the 
year 1808. In the same year he came to Troy and commenced the study of 
law in the office of William M. Bliss, who, at that time, was the best informed 
lawyer in the village, and who, several years after, continued to be, as he had 
been for some time before, the fountain of legal practice in the county of 
Rensselaer. His fellow students in Mr. Bliss's office were, John P. Cushman 
and Daniel Hall, and the first occasion in which his name appears on any noted 
document is as a witness with the last-named gentleman to the will of Jacob 
D. Van der Heyden, which instrument was drawn by Mr. Bliss, and was declared 
by Mr. Van der Heyden to be his will, in the year 1809. Mr. Marcy subse- 
quently read law with John Russell, another lawyer of repute, in the early days 
of Troy, and was admitted to the bar in 181 1. An interest in the politics of 
the Nation was developed in his youth ; his approval of the foreign policy of 
Jefferson and Madison was pronounced and open, and he became a warm and 
eager defender of their administration of public affairs. Fully believing it to 
be his duty to defend by his sword the principles maintained in discussion, he, 
with many other citizens of Troy, volunteered his services to Governor Tomp- 
kins, to repress the insolent aggressions of Great Britain. Commissioned as a 
lieutenant, he was subsequently appointed to a captaincy, and at St. Regis, on 
the neutral ground between Canada and the State of New York, he made his 
first essay as a soldier. On October 22d, 1812, the Troy militia, to which Lieu- 
tenant Marcy belonged, under the command of Major Guilford Dudley Young, 
surprised the enemy, took forty of them prisoners, and captured their arms, equip- 
ments, and boats. Foremost in the ranks on this occasion, Lieutenant Marcy 
had the honor, not only of taking the enemy's flag, but in so doing, of captur- 
ing the first stand of colors that was wrested from the British in the war of 
181 2. In January, 181 3, he returned to Troy and resumed the practice of his 
profession, but he was not forgetful of the measures for whose supremacy he 
had fought, and for many years after, with his pen, he ably maintained them 
in the papers of the day, and with his voice in public discussion. 

" The city of Troy was incorporated on April 12th, 1816, and Mr. Marcy 
was immediately thereafter designated as recorder of the city. * * * In 
1 8 18, Mr. Van Buren set on foot a new organization of the Democratic party 
in this State, known as the Albany Regency, among whom Mr. Marcy became 
prominent. But it so happened that a Democratic Council of Appointment 
had, in January, 1815, removed DeWitt Clinton from the mayoralty of the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 31 I 

city of New York, as a political measure, and now, Mr. Clinton, having ob. 
tained the ascendency in the Council of Appointment, caused the removal of 
Mr. Marcy from the recordership of Troy on similar grounds, and designated 
one of his friends to fill that position on June 16th, 181 8. * * * 

"About this time, Mr. Marcy formed a law partnership with the late Jacob 
L. Lane, which continued during the remainder of his abode in Troy. On 
February 21st, 1821, he was made Adjutant-General of the State, which posi- 
tion he held for two years. In the spring of 1821, he was again appointed 
recorder of the city of Troy, and served as such for two years also. On Feb. 
ruary 13th, 1823, he was appointed Comptroller of the State, and soon after 
removed from Troy and took up his residence in Albany. He continued in 
the office of Comptroller for six years, and during the same period was a Re- 
gent of the University. During 1829 and 1830, he was an Associate Justice 
of the Supreme Court of this State ; was appointed United States Senator on 
February 1st, 1831, and held this position until December 31st, 1832, when he 
resigned it in order to become Governor of the State. For three terms, and 
until the end of 1838, he served in this capacity, having been defeated for a 
fourth term by William H. Seward. He was Secretary of War during the 
Presidency of James K. Polk, and Secretary of State under President Frank- 
lin Pierce. * * * . 

" On the 2d or 3d of July, 1857, Governor Marcy was in this city, and on that 
occasion the writer of these lines had the pleasure of meeting him. He had come 
from Ballston to pass a few hours among the scenes of his youth, and returned 
there on the evening of the latter day. On the next day ensuing he com- 
plained of a pain, and lay down on his couch, at the Sans Souci Hotel, having 
previously asked for medical assistance. Soon after, and before aid had 
reached him, and alone, at about a half-hour past the noon of July 4th, 1857, 
his spirit quietly departed." * * * 

At midnight, on Friday, ringing bells, piping steam-whistles, firing cannon, 
tooting horns, beating drums, and exploding fire-crackers sonorously ushered 
in the one hundredth anniversary of the naming of Troy. A blow on the 
fire-alarm bell in the City Hall was struck for each year of the first century of 
Troy's existence. From twelve to one o'clock, a tumultuous sea of confused 
sounds billowed over the city. Bonfires blazed in the squares, enthusiastic 
men and women thronged the sidewalks, and noisy crowds of excited boys 
trooped through the streets. 

At sunrise, on Saturday, a salute of one hundred guns was fired on Centre 
Island by a number of artillerymen from Watervliet Arsenal, under command 
of Lieutenant William B. Gordon. The ascending sun threw into bold relief 
the gala-day dress of the city. The thoroughfares were brilliant vistas of color. 



312 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Flags floated above the public buildings, and waved in front of stores and 
residences. Festoons of bunting, escutcheons, emblems, mottoes, banners, 
and other insignia, were tastefully arranged and displayed in all parts of the 
city. The street cars and railroad trains brought thousands of people from the 
cities and villages in the vicinity, to see the decorations, parades, and fireworks. 
The committee of the day was, Major-General Joseph B. Carr, Walter P. 
Warren, William E. Gilbert, James W. Cusack, William S. Earl, William E. 
Hagan, George H. Mead, Edward F. Murray, and C. Whitney Tillinghast, 2d. 
At eleven o'clock the procession began moving from First Street into River 
Street, thence through King Street, Fifth Avenue, Hoosick Street, Sixth Ave- 
nue, Jacob Street, Fifth Avenue, Congress Street, Third Street, Washington 
Place, Second Street, Washington, First, State, Second streets to Washington 
Square. Major-General Joseph B. Carr was chief marshal. The six divis- 
ions of the procession were, respectively, under the charge of Colonel Walter 
P. Warren, Chief Engineer J. Lansing Lane, Cornelius F. Burns, George H. 
Mead, Colonel William H. Munn, and Albert' Tompkins. Ten bands and 
several drum corps enlivened the march with music. The organizations com- 
posing the procession, excepting eight bands, were those of the city. His 
Excellency, the Governor of the State, David B. Hill, with his Military Sec- 
retary, Colonel Edmund L. Judson, and C. E. Dudley Tibbits, President of 
the "Committee of One Hundred," rode in a carriage in the first division, 
followed by a line of carriages containing the Mayor and other municipal 
officers and members of the " Committee of One Hundred." 

The night parade was under the direction of Captain James H. Lloyd, chief 
marshal. The procession, in three divisions, was composed of city organiza- 
tions which had not marched in the morning. The illumination of residences 
throughout the city was of a most marked character. The splendid display 
of fireworks on the Government lot, on the north-east corner of Broadway 
and Fourth Street, was witnessed by a dense crowd of people. Those at 
Liberty and Franklin squares, likewise attracted large bodies of spectators. 
Great bonfires burned on Mount Olympus, Seminary Hill, and Centre Island. 
The pyiotechnics were in charge of J. Crawford Green, James F. Ashley, E. 
L. Everett, and Thomas Buckley. In all its features the celebration of the 
centennial anniversary of the naming of Troy was highly enjoyable, creditable, 
and memorable. As a memento of it a bronze medal was struck, represent- 
ing on one side the village as it was in 1789, and on the other the seal of the 
city in 1889. 



View ol ii-"V ui L889 from Mount Ida 



CHAPTER XVI. 



VILLAGE AND CITY OFFICERS. 



I 798-1890. 

THE revenues and expenditures of the city have increased proportion- 
ately with the growth of the place. The interesting and comprehen- 
sive report of the Comptroller, the Hon. William J. Roche, to the 
Mayor and Common Council, on April 1st, 1889, is a most valuable compila- 
tion of matter relating to them in past and recent years. Meriting preserva- 
tion as a contribution to the centennial history of the city, it is rightly given a 
place in this work. 



m 



3>9f3P?„ 







%;,._■ 



• ^ 



__ _ 



-Al l UWFiin".TBI)M~fsf.-.« <^§ 
COAT OF ARMS OF HE CITY OF TROY 




" Gentlemen — I have the honor to present the Comptroller's Report for the 
fiscal year ended February 28th, 1889, being the eighteenth Annual Report sub- 
mitted since the office of Comptroller was established. The exhibit of the 
year is gratifying to the public officers, and may be regarded as an assurance 
to our citizens of the continued growth and prosperity of the city, in so far as 
prudent financial management can contribute thereto. Bonds of the funded 
debt to the amount of $50,000 were paid during the year, $20,000 through 
direct taxation, and the balance out of the moneys controlled by the Commis- 
sioners of the Funded Debts. The issue of new bonds was confined to one small 
bond under the " Enabling- Act," and to two bonds under the act authorizing- 
the construction of a new bridge over the Poesten Kill at Second Street, the 
whole amounting to $8,369.51. Revenue bonds were issued in anticipation of 
40 



314 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the receipt of city taxes to the amount of $278,712.20, being a decrease 
from the previous year of $21,287.80 ; the larger part of this money was bor- 
rowed at three and one-eighth per cent. They were all paid when they became 
due. Assessment bonds, previously issued to the amount of $27,752.45, were 
redeemed. New assessment bonds to cover the second and third installments 
of unpaid assessments for local improvements, two bearing interest at three 
and one-quarter and two at three and one half per cent., were issued to the 
amount of $10,670.96. The net funded debt, at the close of the year, 
amounted to $737,392.81. As will be seen, by a statement published in this 
report, a considerable amount of bonds becomes payable in each year, so that 
this indebtedness is in process of rapid extinction. This sum does not include 
the indebtedness which was incurred for the extension and enlargement of the 
Water-works, the net amount of which is $368,337.50. The payment of the 
principal and interest of this debt is wholly provided for from the income of 
the Water-works, which is ample for that purpose. We have no floating 
debt. The books of the General Assessors show the assessed property of the 
city to be $48,052,872.33, which is an increase over the previous year of $205,- 
641.97, and over 1885 of $1,391,950.33. 

It is a pleasure to be able to state that the tax levy of the year, $528,321.32, 
was less than that of the three years previous, and the tax rate, which was 
$1.25 on $100 of valuation in 1886, had fallen last year to $1.10. A tax levy 
is, however, a correct indication of the burdens which tax payers are called 
upon to bear, only when municipal expenditures are confined to the sums pro- 
vided for by the levy, and such revenues as are derived by the city from other 
sources. Oftentimes this has not been the case. Troy has not been unlike 
other cities in this respect, for a general tendency in municipal government 
seems to be to incur debts, in excess of the amount authorized, and leave their 
payment to be met either by inserting the amount in the levy of the next year, 
or raising- the needed sums through enabling or bonding acts sought from the 
Legislature. The funded debt of the city is, to a considerable extent, made up 
of bonds authorized by special acts of the Legislature, and issued to pay debts 
incurred beyond the sums appropriated for the several departments and raised 
by tax, and to meet deficiencies because of the non-enforcement and non-pay- 
ment of local assessments imposed under the loose system that prevailed prior 
to the passage of the new charter in 1870. Since that time the incurring of 
debts, beyond the amounts allowed by the Board of Estimate, was, of course, 
illegal ; but there did not seem to be sufficient checks upon the practice. Two 
years ago, however, a law was passed, absolutely prohibiting any officer or 
department of the city from incurring any debt or creating any liability in 
excess of the amount which had been allowed to such officer or department by 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 315 

the Board of Estimate and raised by tax, making the audit of any such claim 
a misdemeanor, and directing that no moneys belonging to the city should be 
paid thereon. This law has had a beneficial effect, and municipal expenditures 
for the past two years have been confined within the tax levies and the reve- 
nues which usually come to the several departments from sources other than 
municipal taxation. A continuance of this system, in all its strictness, will 
insure a sound condition of our city finances. 

The following is a statement of the actual cost during the year of main- 
taining the city government in all its branches : 

Advertising and printing $5,44091 Interest on revenue bonds $3,311 14 

Board of Charities 17.720 70 Justices' Court 2,540 80 

Board of Health 4.743 30 Lighting streets 51 ,520 80 

Board of School Commissioners 128,08171 Municipal Service Examining Board 2,00000 

Bonds of 1S64, 1S76, 1S77, 187S, and City Dredging Hudson River at foot of Monroe 

Hall, paid 50,00000 Street 72000 

Burial grounds 1,12604 Police Court 4,00190 

Cleaning streets 63,270 99 Repairing streets S, 239 15 

Contingent expenses, including salaries Repairing sewers and cesspools 3.6" 79 

of city officers, and asylum and hospital Second S,reet brid S e - first installment . . 4.04S 67 

bills 92,66058 Troy Police Force 97, 251 33 

r . „ „ „, Water-works 62,359 38 

Fire Department 45,Soi86 °" J 

Highways and bridges 1,48058 Tota i $693,52516 

Interest on funded debt 43,593 53 

Besides the foregoing, there was set aside from the revenues of the Water- 
works department, the sum of $28,160 toward the funds for the liquidation 
of the principal and interest of water-works bonds. The means with which 
to pay these expenditures were derived from city taxes, the appropriations 
from the State for the support of schools, excise licenses, special water rates 
for extra service, and other sources. 

It recently occurred to me to obtain some figures as to the financial status, 
property valuation and tax-rates of the chief cities of the country, in order 
better to see how our own city compared with them. For this purpose a cir- 
cular letter was sent to the authorities of the different cities, and one hundred 
and fifteen replies have been received. The substance of these replies will be 
found in tabular form in the appendix to this report. Twenty-five cities in 
our own State, exclusive of Troy, are represented in the table. In 10 of these 
the net funded debt is larger than that of Troy, and of the 115 throughout 
the country, 64 owe a debt in excess of that of Troy. In 29, property is 
assessed for purposes of taxation, as here, at full valuation ; 23 assess it at 
from 75 per cent, to 95 per cent.; 44 at from 50 per cent, to 70 per cent, and 
14 at from 25 per cent, to 47 per cent. Among those where property is 
assessed at full valuation 26 have a higher city tax-rate than that of Troy ; 



^ 



1 6 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



among those where property is assessed at 75 per cent, and upwards of its 
value, 15 have a higher proportionate tax-rate than prevails here; the same is 
true of 15 places where the percentage of assessment is less than 75 and not 
less than 50 per cent , and of two localities where the percentage is between 
25 and 47 per cent., while in a number of others the tax-rate is proportion- 
ately about the same as it is here. The population of these cities, obtained 
either through a census or from careful estimates, is also given, and in 94 of 
them the net funded debt, per capita, is larger than that of Troy, excluding 
our water-works debt, which, as I have stated, is being and will be paid entirely 
through the income of that department. But even if our net water-works 
debt should be added, there are still "J2> °f these cities where the per capita 
indebtedness is greater than that of Troy. The credit of the city is and has 
been of the highest character. In advance of many other municipalities, this 
city, nine years ago, issued its bonds at three and one-half per cent. Two 
years ago it obtained a handsome premium on bonds bearing that rate of interest. 
It has, within four years, issued both revenue and assessment bonds at three 
and less than three per cent, interest. The showing thus made, it seems to 
me, is a very favorable one for Troy, and should encourage our citizens to 
renewed activity and enterprise and to utilizing the manifold advantages which 
we possess, not only as an industrial and commercial center, but as a desirable 
place for residence. 

The recent celebration of the centenary of the naming of Troy gave rise 
to considerable study and research into the early history of the place and of 
the men whose genius, industry, and worth brought prosperity and fame to the 
city. Only a little less interesting than these studies and reminiscences may 
be a short review of the financial growth of the place. In the early days of 
the village, taxation was, of course, of a slight character. Indeed, in the first 
year of the century no tax whatever was levied, a fact which happened three 
times before Troy became incorporated as a city, in 1816. A noticeable fact 
in the assessment of real and personal property in the city from 1825 to 1850 
is the close relation which the amount of personal property bears to that of 
real estate — in some cases the personal property valuation exceeding that of 
the real estate, and in all of them the difference between the two being com- 
paratively slight. This cannot be said of the present day, nor of many years 
past. The city of Troy, in common with the other cities of the State, suffers 
from the ease with which personal property, under the present insufficient tax 
laws, escapes its just burden of taxation, and an unfair proportion of the 
public expense is imposed upon real estate. The growth of the city may, to 
a great extent, be measured by the increase of expenditures for many of the 
purposes of municipal government and the promotion of the public welfare. 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 3 I 7 

This is particularly shown in the ample provision now made for public educa- 
tion. In the early days, the interest of the city was confined to moderate 
sums paid toward the " Monitorial School," the " Lancasterian School," and 
the school for colored people. In 1848, the cost of the common schools was 
$6,239, rnore than half of which was received from the State and County. In 
1849, a. Board of Education was created and directed to establish a school in 
each ward. The Chamberlain's report for 1850 states that the "additional 
expense created in extending our public schools under the free system recently 
adopted in this city * * * necessarily increases the rate of taxation to a 
considerable extent ; but it is due to the tax payers of the city to state that no 
portion of the city expenditures is more cheerfully paid than that incurred for 
this important object." The expense thus referred to amounted to $12,058.17. 
Last year it was more than $128,000, and a well-equipped department brings 
the means of education within reach of all our youth who seek its advantages. 

In 1825-26, the fire department cost but $130.81. By an ordinance adopted 
in [830 it was directed "that in order that the members of the Common 
Council, engineers and fire-wardens may be more readily distinguished at fires, 
the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and Assistants shall severally bear on those 
occasions a wand, with a gilded top, and each of the engineers shall wear a 
leather cap painted white, with a gilded fire-engine on the frontispiece thereof, 
and shall also carry a speaking trumpet painted black, with the words ' Chief 
Engineer,' ' Engineer No. 1,' etc., as the case may be, in white, which shall also 
be gilt on their caps respectively." It was also " enjoined on the occupants 
to place a lighted candle or lamp at the respective windows of their dwellings, 
when a fire may happen at night, in order that the citizens may pass along the 
streets with greater safety." Our predecessors thought that some progress had 
been made when, in 1850, they stated that "three new first-class fire engines 
were purchased during the past year at an expense to the city of $700 each, 
which, together w-ith the cost of building and enlarging engine-houses, has 
swelled the amount of expenditures in this department much beyond any 
requirement that can be reasonably made for several years to come." The 
fire department that year cost $5,337.07, and to-day this department costs 
nearly $50,000. But our citizens enjoy the protection of a service that is 
prompt and efficient, and an apparatus that is equal to the most urgent 
demands. 

The " City Watch " that, nearly three-quarters of a century ago, cost 
$764.81, has long since given way to a regular night and day police force, to 
maintain which requires an annual contribution of nearly $100,000. 

In 1832-33, it cost $1,137.77 to light the public streets. Thirty years ago 
the cost was $1 1,797.54. For the last fiscal year the expense was $51,520.80, 



o 



1 8 TROTS ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



but the dim naphtha light has disappeared, and gas lamps are becoming fewer, 
while electric lights make our streets as safe and almost as pleasant at night 
as they are by day. 

From a small beginning the water-works system has developed into an 
important branch of the city government. Prior to 1832 water was furnished 
by the Troy Water-works Company, a private corporation, and by numerous 
wells and pumps. The public authorities thought that the supply of water 
should be under their control, and they secured the passage of chapter 51 of 
the Laws of 1832 giving them the power to acquire the property of the com- 
pany and " to take, manage and control the same for the purpose of more 
certainly and efficiently supplying the city of Troy with water for the extin- 
guishment of fires, and other purposes." The Common Council adopted a 
resolution to the effect that " in order to form a correct judgment of the pro- 
priety of the undertaking" the citizens " be invited to express their approba- 
tion, disapprobation, or indifference as to the measure proposed," and that 
persons be employed "to note down with the names of each person called on, 
their assent, dissent, or indifference for the information of this board." The 
returns showed that six hundred and thirty-seven persons were "in favor of 
the city bringing the water into the city," eight were opposed, and eighteen 
were indifferent. The city thereupon acquired title to the works of the com- 
pany and the same were managed by the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen and 
Commonalty until 1855, when the present mode of selecting the Water Com- 
missioners was established by law. A report submitted on the 1st of March, 
1845, shows that the receipts from water-rents and from work done in the lay- 
ing of pipes for individuals for the year previous, amounted to $10,206.38, 
" leaving a deficiency of $535. 1 7 to pay expenses of the last fourteen months." 
The Superintendent also reported : " There not being any rains from the 20th 
of June until the last of November which would supply water enough to run 
over the dam at reservoir more than once or twice during the whole time, 
which prevented saving back any water in the lake, as heretofore had been 
done. Such an occurrence may not take place for a long time to come. The 
oldest inhabitants have never known it so low, for such a length of time. One 
of the streams was perfectly dried up for months, which ordinarily would sup- 
ply the city for six months in the year." The danger of an insufficiency of 
supply, for the lower service at least, has been removed by the present system 
of pumping water from the Hudson River. The upper reservoirs, too, have 
capacity ample for all the needs of the hill district unless an extraordinary 
drought should prevail. By means of fifty-three miles of piping, water is now 
brought to the door of almost every inhabitant of the city, and our people have 
ceased to depend upon the fitful supply of old-fashioned wells and pumps. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 3 r 9 

The revenues of the department last year from water-rents reached the sum 
of $71,134.35, and the moneys received from special rates, $19,839.06. 

An examination of old reports shows many subjects of municipal expenditure 
which are unknown to later days. In former times the dredging of the chan- 
nel and the care of the Hudson River was a matter of deep concern to the 
city, and a great deal of money was expended for that purpose. The city was 
the owner of dredging machines, and constantly employed a body of men 
to keep open the channel of the river. The navigation interests were of great 
importance and the men of Troy devoted their energies, time, and means to 
promoting these interests. So far back as 1825, the Common Council adopted 
a resolution upon the subject which is rather interesting reading. It is in 
these words : 

" Resolved, That Leonard Reed be and he is hereby appointed and employed 
to command and take charge of and work the digging dredge of this corpora- 
tion, with her boats, implements, and tackle, and place and take charge of the 
buoys in the river for one year ; and that he be allowed for his services the 
sum of four hundred and fifty dollars ; and that he be allowed also two dollars 
per week for his own board and the board of each hand employed on board of 
said dredge and boats, excepting the cook, and finding them necessary liquor. 
The wages of the cook to be paid by the corporation. Said board to be pro- 
vided and furnished on board of said dredge and boats." 

The person who had charge of the work is spoken of in one of the reports 
as the "Commander of our dredging flotilla," and the position seems to have 
been one of considerable importance. The state and national governments 
now carry on this work, which is one of moment to the prosperity of Troy. 
In harmony with the general purpose to promote the interests of navigation, 
were the persistent efforts of the municipal authorities to prevent the bridging 
of the Hudson River at Albany, and the construction of piers in the river, 
which it was feared would be of great damage to the commercial interests of 
Troy. The bridge project was fought at every step, both before state and 
national legislatures, and in the courts, and in one year the city expended 
more than $10,000 in opposing the construction of the bridge. 

With characteristic foresight and energy, our predecessors saw and deter- 
mined to secure the advantages that would arise from railroad connections 
between Troy and the surrounding country. The construction of the Sche- 
nectady and Troy Railroad was commenced in 1840, and the road was opened 
for business in 1842. The city incurred a very heavy debt for this road, issu- 
ing its bonds therefor to the amount of $61 1,700. In 1853, tne city sold this 
road for the sum of $200,000. In the report of 1842-3, there is an item of 
moneys expended for " breaking ground for N. York and Troy R. Road." 



320 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Under an act of the Legislature, passed in 1851, and resolutions of the Com- 
mon Council adopted in 1852, the city undertook to help build the depot and 
road of the Troy Union Railroad within the corporate limits, and for this pur- 
pose issued its bonds to the amount of $707,000, bearing interest at the rate 
of six per cent. The payment of this loan was secured by a mortgage upon 
the property and franchises of the company, and also by the covenants of the 
several railroad companies owning stock in the Union Railroad, to indemnify 
the city against the payment of the bonds thus issued. Subsequently a dis- 
pute arose between the city and the companies, the outcome of which was that 
the city agreed to take care of $1 15,000 of the principal of these bonds, and 
also the interest thereon. The New York Central, the Hudson River, the 
Rensselaer and Saratoga, and the Troy and Boston Railroad companies agreed 
to pay the remainder, with six per cent, interest, except that the Troy and 
Boston Company stipulated to pay only three per cent, interest. Final payment 
by the railroad companies of the principal and interest of these bonds was made 
about six years ago. While the financial transactions of the city with the rail- 
road companies were not profitable for the public treasury, the people of Troy 
have, of course, derived the greatest benefits from the numerous and frequent 
communications with the rest of the country which these roads so amply 
afforded. 

A matter of interest to our forefathers was the establishment and mainte- 
nance of public markets, for the erection of which the city was also bonded. 
On the 1st of June, 1846, the market debt was $25,000. The city derived 
something of a revenue from the rent of these markets. Years ago, however, 
the last of them was sold at a good price, and the ownership and leasing of 
public markets ceased to be a branch of municipal business. 

The city also incurred a bonded debt in connection with the Female Semi- 
nary, but in 1875, the city sold its interest in the seminary property for 
$50,000, which was applied toward the erection of the present city hall. 

In 1846, the net debt of the city was $743,930. Two years later the debt 
had reached the sum of $915,275, which was made up of the Water-works 
debt, the Female Seminary debt, the debt for the construction of the Schenec- 
tady and Troy Railroad, " the building of two expensive markets and other 
public buildings, together with the deficiency of the city tax to pay the inci- 
dental expenses of the city." This was a large indebtedness for those days, 
in which the population of the city was less than one-half of what it is to-day. 
By careful management, the debt was reduced to a low figure, until the war 
period, when it was again largely increased that the city might contribute its 
full proportion to the suppression of the rebellion and the preservation of the 
Union. The contributions of Troy during the war era for relief of the fami- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 321 

lies of volunteer soldiers and for bounties were of a noble and generous char- 
acter. 

The net debt seems to have reached its highest point in the month of 
March, 1870, when it was reported at $1,119,010.04. 

The tax levy twenty-five years ago was $433,609.75, which was a larger tax 
relatively than was last year's tax upon the property of the city. 

In connection with this report there is also presented the annual report of 
the Commissioners of the Funded Debts. This body has, by one name or 
another, existed since 1841, and has been of great service in promoting a wise 
management of the public finances. The duties of the "Board of Commis- 
sioners of the Sinking Fund," as originally defined, were to receive such funds 
as should be placed in their hands, to deposit and invest the same, and to use 
them in the payment of the debts of the city by purchase or payment of its 
bonds. The commissioners have handled large sums of money which they 
have received from various sources, pursuant to law, and have applied them in 
payment of city bonds as they became due. In one of their early reports, 
the commissioners referring to the then large indebtedness of the city, state 
that until 1841, no adequate provision had been made by law "to protect a 
debt of such magnitude, but that by the acts creating the Sinking Fund Com- 
mission and other acts, an ample and satisfactory provision is made for the 
whole of the principal and interest of this large debt, and it is now believed, 
that no municipal corporation has a better system of finances than the city of 
Troy." Two funds are managed by the present commissioners; one for the 
payment of the bonds issued in 1864, and the other for the redemption of the 
bonds issued in June, 1884. The last of the issue of 1864 will be paid on the 
1st of June next, and owing to careful management the commissioners will 
then have a surplus in that fund, which, by law, may be applied to the payment 
of the bonds of September, 1868. The second fund, commonly known as the 
" Deficiency Fund," although established only in 1885, now amounts to more 
than $50,000, and when the first of the bonds to the payment of which this fund 
is applicable, becomes due in 1897, the fund, if properly managed, will amount 
to about $70,000. 

It will be seen, therefore, that the prospects of the city in a financial way 
are of the brightest character, and if public expenditures, while sufficiently 
liberal, are yet judiciously and economically applied, the city of Troy cannot 
in the years to come but show a greatly increased trade, growth, and prosperity. 

A system of taxation prevailed in former years which no longer exists, viz. : 

The tax budget was divided into parts, and certain items were imposed in the 

proportion of six-tenths thereof, on the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Seventh 

and Eighth wards, which were called the " inner wards," and four-tenths on 

41 



322 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the entire city. Another distinction in the levying of taxes existed until two 
years ago, viz. : One portion of the city was known as the "street, alley, lamp 
and sewer district," and the remainder as "the agricultural, wood and waste 
lands of the Fifth, Sixth and Ninth wards," and the tax rate in the latter district 
was less than in the former. The growth of the city and the march of im- 
provements have left but little land that can come within the last description, 
and the entire city now pays a uniform rate of taxation. A wise change has 
also been recently made in fixing the commencement of the fiscal year on the 
ist day of March, instead of on the first Tuesday of March. 

Accompanying this report, are submitted some figures which I believe will 
be of general interest touching the following subjects : 

i. Cost of maintaining orphans and sick poor at asylums and hospitals. 
2. Cost of lighting public buildings. 3. Bills paid for telephone service. 4. 
Salaries of city officers and employees. 5. Local assessments made during 
the year, and assessments from 1874 to 1889. 6. Statement of moneys re- 
ceived from city and county officers. 7. Statement of certain work and im- 
provements, in connection with streets and bridges, paid for by the city since 
August, 1 87 1 . 8. Personal tax, uncollected, for seventeen years. 9. Principal 
sum of uncollected assessments for local improvements made between 1857 
and 1871. 10. Table showing population, net funded debt, property valuation, 
percentages of assessment and tax rates of the chief cities of the country. 1 1. 
Comparison of expenses of the principal departments between 1867 and 1889. 
12. Statement showing the city tax, water- rents, and state and county tax each 
year since 1871. 13. Table of valuation of real and personal property from 
1825 to 1888, inclusive. 14. Table of tax rates from 18 16 to 1888, inclusive. 
15. Comparison of the sums inserted in the tax levies for certain purposes, 
between 1871 and 1888. 

Also some of the laws of the state passed for the city of Troy during the 
sessions of 1887-S-9. 

It is but just to acknowledge the valuable aid rendered by E. Ogden Ross 
and J. N. Collins, clerks in this office, in the preparation of this report." 

PRESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE OF TROY. 

Until 1806, the presidents were chosen yearly by the trustees of the village 
from their number. Subsequently they were annually appointed by the 
Governor of the state " by and with the advice and consent of the Council 
of Appointment." 

John McCoun, May 19th, 1798-1799. Albert Pawling, May 19th, 1802-1S03. 

Benjamin Gorton, May 27th, 1799-1800. Edward Tylee, May 21st, 1S03-1S04. 

Ephraim Morgan, May 24th, 1S00-1S01. Edward Tylee, May 15th, 1804-1805. 

John McCoun, May 23d, 1801-1802. Albert Pawling, pro tern., May 15th, 1804-1S05. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



323 



PRESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE OF TROY — Continued. 



Edward Tylee, appointed, April 5th, 1805-1S0S. 
Abraham Ten Eyck, appointed, March 10th, 1808-1810. 
Edward Tylee, appointed, March 12th, 1S10-1S11. 
Abraham Ten Eyck, appointed, March 16th, 1811-1813. 



Timothy Hutton, appointed, March 23d, 1S13-1S14. 
Derick Lane, appointed, February 23d, 1814-1815. 
Albert Pawling, appointed, March 20th, 1S15-1816. 



TRUSTEES OF 

Under the act of March 25th, 
the second Tuesday of May. 



THE VILLAGE OF TROY. 

i 794, the trustees were 



elected annually on 



1794- 
Benjamin Covell, 
Samuel Gale, 
Anthony Goodspeed, 
Christopher Hutton, 
Ephraim Morgan, 
John Pease, 
Jacob D. Van der Heyden. 

1795, 1796, 1797. 
No records extant. 

I79S-I799- 
Silas Covell, 
Benjamin Gorton, 
Ebenezer Jones, 
John McCoun, 
John Woodworth. 

1 799-1 800. 
Benjamin Gorton, 
Ebenezer Jones, 
Albert Pawling, 
Abraham Ten Eyck, 
John Woodworth. 

1 800-1 801. 
Ebenezer Jones, 
Eph'raim Morgan, 
Albert Pawling, 
George Tibbits, 
John Woodworth. 



1801-1S02. 
George Allen, 
Ebenezer Jones, 
John McCoun, 
Edward Tylee, 
John Woodworth. 

1802-1S03. 
Jesse Bacon, 
David Buel, 
Timothy Hutton, 
Aaron Lane, 
Albert Pawling. 

1803-1S04. 
George Allen, 
Nathan Betts, 
Benjamin Covell, 
Ruggles Hubbard, 
Edward Tylee. 

1S04-1805. 
George Allen, 
Benjamin Covell, 
Albert Pawling, 
Jeremiah Osborn, 
Edward Tylee. 

1805-1S06. 
Albert Pawling, 
Benjamin Smith, 
Abraham Ten Eyck, 



Edward Tylee, 
Ebenezer Wilson. 

1 806-1 807. 
1st W'd. Silas Covell, 
2d W'd, Ephraim Morgan, 
3d W'd, Townse'd McCoun, 
4th W'd, Timothy Hutton. 

1S07-1S08. 
1st W'd, Samuel Gale, 
2d W'd, Ephraim Morgan, 
3d W'd, Townse'd McCoun, 
4th W'd, Timothy Hutton. 

1S08-1S09. 
1st W'd, Samuel Gale, 
2d W'd, Ephraim Morgan, 
3d W'd, Edward Tylee, 
4th W'd, Timothy Hutton. 

1S09-1S10. 
1st W'd, Ebenezer Wilson, 
2d W'd, Ephraim Morgan, 
3d W'd, Edward Tylee, 
4th W'd, Timothy Hutton. 

1S10-1S11. 
1st W'd, Daniel T. Wandell, 
2d W'd, Hugh Peebles, 
3d W'd, Humphrey Clark, 
4th W'd, Timothy Hutton. 



1811-1812. 
1st W'd, Hazard Kimberly, 
2d W'd, Hugh Peebles, 
3d W'd, William Bradley, 
4th W'd, Lewis Richards. 

1812-1S13. 
1st W'd, Elisha Sheldon, 
2d W'd, Hugh Peebles, 
3d W'd, William Bradley, 
4th W'd, Lewis Richards. 

1S13-1814. 
1st W'd, Hazard Kimberly, 
2d W'd, Hugh Peebles, 
3d W'd, Esaias Warren, 
4th W'd, Lewis Richards. 

1814-1815. 
1st W'd, Ebenezer Wilson, 
2d W'd, Hugh Peebles, 
3d W'd, Esaias Warren, 
4th W'd, Stephen Ross. 

1815-1816. 
1st V\ 'd, Henry Townsend, 
2d W'd, John Loudon, 
3d W'd, Esaias Warren, 
4th W'd, Ira Ford. 



Benjamin Gorton, May 19th, 1798-1S00. 
Benjamin Smith, May 24th, 1800-1804. 



VILLAGE CLERKS. 

Josiah Moulton, May 15th, 1804-1S05. 
Archibald Bull, June 6th, 1805-1806. 



William M. Bliss, 1S06-1S16. 



Coonradt I. Elmendorf, 1798-1799. 
Abraham Ten Eyck, 1799-1805. 



George Greenwood, 1798-1811. 
Edward Bigelow, 1811-1S12. 



VILLAGE TREASURERS. 
Adam Keeling. 1805-1814. 

VILLAGE COLLECTORS. 

George Greenwood, 1812-1813. 
Leonard Reed, 1S13-1S14. 



David Buel, 1814-1816. 



Elam Buel, 1814-1816. 



124 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



VILLAGE FIRE WARDENS. 



1798-1799- 
David Buel, 
Benjamin Covell, 
Ebenezer Jones, 
Daniel Merritt, 
George Tibbits, 
Moses Vail. 

1 799-1 800. 
John Boardman, 
David Buel, 
Benjamin Covell, 
Moses Craft, 
Thomas Davis, 
Russell Lord. 

1S00-1S01. 
Nathaniel Adams, 
John Boardman, 
Moses Craft, 
Moses Doty, 
Benjamin Gale, 
Adam Keeling. 

1801-1802. 
South Ward, 

Anthony Goodspeed, 

Moses Vail. 
Middle Ward, 

David Buel, 

George Tibbits. 
North Ward, 

Philip I. Fellows, 

Derick Lane. 

1S02-1803. 

South Ward, 
Samuel Gale, 
Samuel Taylor. 

Middle Ward, 
Benjamin Covell, 
Benjamin Tibbits. 

North Ward, 
Esaias Warren, 
Casper Fratt. 

1803-1804. 

1 st Ward, 
Samuel Gale, 
Amos Salisbury. 

2d Ward, 

John Boardman, 
Albert Pawling. 

3d Ward, 
Thomas Hillhouse, 
Derick Lane. 



4th Ward. 
Casper Fratt, 
John B. Nazro. 

1S04-1S05. 
1st Ward, 

John Davis, 

Amos Salisbury, 
2d Ward, 

Benjamin Covell, 

John Loudon. 
3d Ward, 

Thomas Davis, 

Derick Lane. 
4th Ward, 

Moses Craft, 

Casper Fratt. 

1805-1S06. 
1 st Ward, 

lohn Bird, 

Amos Salisbury. 
2d Ward, 

Benjamin Covell, 

Francis Yvonnet. 
3d Ward, 

Thomas Davis, 

Derick Lane. 
4th Ward, 

Casper Fratt, 

James Spencer. 

1 806- 1 807. 
No record. 

1S07-1808. 

1st Ward, 

Isaac Brinckerhoff, 
William S. Parker, 
Jonathan Weedon. 

2d Ward. 

Derick Lane, 
John Loudon, 
Gilford D. Young. 

3d Ward, 

Nathan Belts, 
Nathan Bouton, 
Thomas Davis. 

4th Ward, 

Jabez Burrows, 
Moses Craft, 
Lewis Richards. 

1S08-1809. 
1st Ward, 
William S. Parker, 



John Sampson, 
Jonathan Weedon. 

2d Ward, 

John Loudon, 
George Tibbits, 
Guilford D. Young. 

3d Ward, 

Nathan Betts, 
Nathan Bouton, 
Thomas Davis. 

4th Ward, 
Peleg Bragg, 
Lewis Richards, 
Thomas Skelding. 

1S09-1810. 

1st Ward, 

Hazard Kimberly, 
William S. Parker, 
Jonathan Weedon. 

2d Ward, 

Derick Lane, 
John Loudon, 
Consider White. 

3d Ward, 

Gurdon Corning, 
Amasa Paine, 
Jedediah Tracy. 

4th Ward, 
Peleg Bragg, 
Jonathan Hatch, 
Elisha Miles. 

1S10-1811. 

1st Ward, 

Samuel Gale, 
Hazard Kimberly, 
William S. Parker. 

2d Ward, 

Derick Lane, 
John Loudon, 
Consider White. 

3d Ward, 
Amasa Paine, 
Jedediah Tracy, 
Stephen Warren. 

4th Ward, 
No record. 

1811-1812. 
1st Ward, 

James Adams, 

Samuel Gale, 

William S. Parker. 
2d Ward, 

Derick Lane, 



John Loudon, 

Consider White. 
3d Ward, 

Nathan Dauchy, 

Amasa Paine, 

Jedediah Tracy. 
4th Ward, 

Gardner Craft, 

Stephen H. Herrick. 

James Mallory. 

1812-1813. 
1st Ward, 

James Adams, 

Amos Salisbury, 

Dutcher Slason. 
2d Ward, 

Benjamin Smith, 

Isaac Snedekor, 

Joseph Weld. 
3d Ward, 

Nathan Dauchy, 

Hezekiah Eldridge, 

Amasa Paine. 
4th Ward, 

Gardner Craft, 

Joseph Plumb, 

James Williams. 

1813-1S14. 
1st Ward. 

James Adams, 

George Lent, 

James Mann. 
2d Ward, 

Asa Gardner, 

DerirkY.Van derlleyden, 

Joseph Weld. 
3d Ward, 
.Nathan Dauchy, 

Hezekiah Eldridge, 

Amasa Paine. 
4th Ward. 

Jabez Burrows, 

Joseph Plumb, 

Alsop Weed. 

1S14-1815. 
1st Ward, 

George Lent, 

William S. Parker, 

John Sampson. 
2d Ward, 

John Kimberly, 

DerickY.Van derHeyden, 

Joseph Weld. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



325 



3d Ward, 

William Bradley, 
Amasa Paine, 
James Spencer. 

4th Ward, 

Jabez Burrows, 
Stephen H. Herrick, 



VILLAGE FIRE WARDENS — Continued. 

Alsop Weed. 



1S15-1S16. 
1st Ward, 
George Lent, 
William S. Parker, 
John Sampson. 



2d Ward, Amasa Paine, 

Asa Gardner, James Spencer. 

Derick Y.Van der Heyden, 4th Ward, 
Joseph Weld. Jabez Burrows, 

3d Ward, Leonard Reed, 

William Bradley, Alsop Weed. 



ENGINEERS OF THE VILLAGE FIRE DEPARTMENT. 



1808-1809. 
Chief Engineer, George Tibbits, 
1st assistant, Nathan Brown, 
2d " Peleg Bragg, 

3d " Jonathan Weedon. 



1811-1812. 1814-1815. 

Chief Engineer, William S. Parker. Chief Engineer, William S. Parker, 

1st assistant, Derick Lane, 1st assistant, Amasa Paine, 

2d " Amasa Paine, 2d " Asa Gardner, 

3d " James Mallory. 3d " Jabez Burrows. 



1809-1810. 1S12-1813. 1815-1816. 

Chief Engineer, Jonathan Weedon, Chief Engineer, William S. Parker, Chief Engineer, William S. Parker, 

1st assistant, Derick Lane, 1st assistant, Derick Lane. 1st assistant, John Loudon, 

2d " Amasa Paine, 2d " Amasa Paine, 2d " Gurdon Corning, 

3d " Peleg Bragg. 3d James Mallory. 3d Jabez Burrows. 



1810-1S11. 
Chief Engineer, William S. Parker, 
1st assistant, Derick Lane, 
2d " Amasa Paine, 

3d " Peleg Bragg. 



1S13-1S14. 
Chief Engineer, Amasa Paine, 
1st assistant, James Mann, 
2d " Asa Gardner, 

3d " Jabez Burrows. 



The officers of the city are a mayor, two aldermen from each ward, a super- 
visor in each ward, twelve commissioners of public schools, two justices of the 
Justices' Court, a constable in each ward, all of whom are elected by ballot at 
the general election ; a comptroller, a chamberlain, a corporation counsel, a 
city engineer, a city clerk, a health officer, two police magistrates, seven com- 
missioners of the city's funded debt, all of which officers are nominated by the 
mayor and deemed confirmed by the Common Council, unless rejected as pro- 
vided by law; a superintendent of public burial grounds, a superintendent of 
public clocks, a sealer of weights and measures, a pound-keeper, a mayor's 
private secretary, a mayor's messenger, a clerk of the board of health, a city- 
hall janitor and engineer, commissioners of deeds, not exceeding two for every 
one thousand inhabitants in the city, all of which officers are appointed by the 
mayor, and are deemed confirmed by the Common Council unless rejected as 
provided by law ; five water commissioners, and six fire commissioners, elected 
by the concurring vote of two-thirds of the whole number of aldermen consti- 
tuting the Common Council ; a superintendent of the water-works, nominated 
by the water commissioners and confirmed by the Common Council ; four 
general assessors, six commissioners of charities, and four police commis- 
sioners, elected by the Common Council ; a city superintendent, appointed by 



326 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the contracting board ; three city physicians, a superintendent of the poor, and 
a clerk of the board of charities, appointed by the board of charities ; a 
superintendent of police, and a clerk of the board of police commissioners, and 
a clerk of the board of excise, appointed by the board of police commissioners ; 
a chief engineer of the fire department and as many assistant engineers as are 
required, appointed by the board of fire commissioners; three civil service 
commissioners, and a secretary of the board of civil service commissioners ; 
seven public improvement commissioners, a clerk, engineer, and assistant 
engineer of the board of public improvement commissioners ; a registrar of 
vital statistics, and four sanitary inspectors appointed by the board of health. 

MAYORS OF THE CITY OF TROY. 

Under the act of April 12th, 1816, the mayors were appointed by the 
Governor and Council of Appointment until 1822. 

From 1822 to 1840, they were elected annually by the Common Council. 

Under the act of February 13th, 1840, they were elected at the charter elec- 
tions on the first Tuesday of March, in every year. 

Under the act of May 3d, 1870, they were elected once in two years. 

Under the act of May 1 ith, 1880, they were elected at the general election 
in November. 

Albert Pawling, appointed, April 15th, 1816-1S20. Jonathan Edwards, March 7th, 1854-1855. 

Thomas Turner, appointed, July 3d, 1S19, declined to John A. Griswold, March 5th, 1855-1856. 

serve. Hiram Slocum, March 4th, 1856-1857. 

Esaias Warren, appointed, February 10th, 1S20-1S28. Alfred Wotkyns, March 3d, 1857-1858. 

Albert Pawling, appointed, February 14th, 1S21, de- Arba Read, March 2d, 1858-1S60. 

clined to serve. Isaac McCo nihe, jr., March 6th, 1860-1861. 
Samuel McCoun appointed, February 7th, 1828, died Warren, jr., March 5 th.i86i-i862. 

March 28th, 1830. 6 ' 

„ —.,,.. . j a -i . . ,a„„ ,o,a lames Thorn, March 4th, 1862-1863. 

George Tibbits, appointed, April 1st, 1830-1S36. . , 

n - u j r. u • a r. k „„a ,a„A lS ,, Wm. L. Van Alstyne, March 3d, 1863-1S64. 

Richard P. Hart, appointed, December 22d, 1S36-1837. ' J 

t ,, ,, • . j r> „k„, o„.v. ,c„ T a,^ James Thorn, March 1st, 1S64-1865. 

Jonas C. Heartt, appointed, December 29th, 1837-1843. -' > t j 

r* j r- »/r u t.i .e.„ ,0.- Uri Gilbert, March 1st, 1865-1866. 

Gurdon Corning, March 6th, 1S43-1S47. ■ D 

■ w « m u-j a a.l John L. Flags, March 6th, 1866-1868. 

Francis N. Mann, March 2d, 1847-1S50. -' ss ' 

_ _ .. ,, ,, , , „ • j xt k Miles Beach, March 3d, 1S68-1870. 

Day O. kellogg, March 5th, 1S50, resigned November * ' 

7th l8 . Uri Gilbert, March 1st, 1S70-1871. 

Hanford N. Lockwood, November 7th, 1850-1S51. Thomas B. Carroll, March 7th, 1871-1873. 

Joseph M. Warren, March 4th, 1S51-1852. William Kemp, March 4th, 1873-1S75. 

George Gould, March 2d, 1852-1853. Edward Murphy, jr., March 2d, 1875- 1S82. 

Foster Bosworth, March 1st, 1853-1S53. Edmund Fitzgerald, November 14th, 1882-1886. 

Elias Plum, December 20th, 1853-1S54. Dennis J. Whelan. November glh, 1886. 

RECORDERS OF THE CITY OF TROY. 

Under the act of April 12th, 1816, the recorders were appointed by the 
Governor and Council of Appointment, until 1822; from 1822 to 1847, by 
the Governor and Senate. 



TROY'S ONE BUN DEED YEARS. 



327 



Under the act of May 12th, 1847, they were elected at the general fall elec- 
tion to hold office for four years, the term of the one first elected beginning on 
January 1st, 1848. 

The office was abolished by the act of April 17th, 1867, the term of the last 
recorder ending on December 31st, that year. 

William L. Marcy, appointed, April 15th, 1816-1818. Henry W. Strong, appointed, February 2Sth, 1S38-1844. 
Amasa Paine, appointed, June 12th, iSiS-iS2i. Abram B. Olin, appointed, January 15th, 1S44-1S52. 

William L. Marcy, appointed, March 31st, 1821-1823. Gilbert Robertson, jr., January ist, 1852-1856. 



Thomas Clowes, appointed, April iSth, 1823-1828. 

Daniel Gardner, appointed, April, 1828-1S34. 

John P. Cushman, appointed, February ist, 1834-1S38. 



Clarence Buel, March 4th, 1856-1860. 
John Moran, March 6th, 1860-1S67. 



ALDERMEN. 

Under the act of April 12th, 1816, the aldermen were elected on the second 
Tuesday of May in each year. 

Under the act of April 2d, 1838, they were elected on the first Tuesday of 
March in each year. 

By the act of January 28th, 1848, the office of assistant alderman was 
abolished. 

Under the act of February 27th, 1880, the aldermen were elected at the 
general election in November. Those elected at the charter election in March, 
that year, held the office until their successors were elected in November. 
One of the two aldermen elected in each ward in November, that year, held the 
office for two years beginning on the Tuesday following the second Monday 
in November, 1880. The other held his office from the second Tuesday in 
March, 1881, to the Tuesday succeeding the second Monday in November, 
1 881. 



Wards. Aldermen. 

i. George Allen, 

2. Hugh Peebles, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



l8l6- 



Assistants. 
Amos Salisbury. 
John Loudon. 
Gurdon Corning. 



l8l/. 

Wards. Aldermen. 

4. Stephen Ross, 

5. Lemuel Hawley. 

6. Philip Hart, jr. 



Assistants. 
Henry Mallory. 



1. George Allen. 

2. Hugh Peebles, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1. Henry Swartwout, 

2. Hugh Peebles, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1. Henry Swartwout, 

2. Hugh Peebles, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



Henry Swartwout. 
John Loudon. 
David Buel, jr. 



4. John Reid, 

5. Henry I. Tobias. 

6. Nathaniel Adams. 



1818-1819. 



Ira M. Wells. 
Ebenezer Wiswall. 
David Buel, jr. 



4. John Reid, 

5. Lemuel Hawley. 

6. Nathaniel Adams. 



1819-182O. 

David S. Wendell. 4. John Reid, 

Ebenezer Wiswall. 5. Jesse Tracy, 



Henry Mallory. 



Jared Weed. 



John Woodworth, jr. 



David Buel, jr. 



6. Nathaniel Adams. 



328 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Wards. Aldermen, 

i. Henry Swartwout, 
2. Hugh Peebles, 

3- 



Townsend McCoun, 



l820-l82I. 

Assistants. Wards. Aldermen. 

David S. Wendell. 4. Stephen Ross, 

Ebenezer Wiswall. 5- Jesse Tracy. 

David Buel, jr. 6. Nathaniel Adams. 



Assistants. 
Joseph Gary. 



I 82 I — IJ 



Henry Swartwout, 
Ebenezer Wilson, jr., 
Townsend McCoun, 



David S. Wendell. 


4- 


Stephen Ross, 


Elias Pattison. 


5- 


Jesse Tracy. 


Hugh Peebles. 


6. 


Nathaniel Adams. 



John G.Van derHeyden. 



1822-1823. 



I. 

3- 


David S. Wendell, 
Derick Lane, 
Townsend McCoun, 


Gilbert Giles. 
Jonas C. Heartt. 
Hugh Peebles. 


1823- 


4. Stephen Ross, 

5. Jesse Tracy. 

6. Nathaniel Adams. 

■1824. 




Leonard Reed. 


1. 
2. 
3- 


David S. Wendell, 
Benjamin Smith, 
*Amasa Paine. 


Gilbert Giles. 
Jonas C. Heartt. 
Thaddis Mead. 




4. Stephen Ross, 

5. Jesse Tracy. 

6. Stephen V. R. Schuyler 


Leonard Reed. 



1. Ephraim Morgan, 

2. William Pierce, 

3. Nathan Dauchy, 



1. Ephraim Morgan, 

2. Isaac Snedikor, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1. Stephen Covell, 

2. Isaac Snedikor, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1. Stephen Covell, 

2. Isaac Snedikor, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



Josiah Converse, 
Isaac Snedikor, 
Townsend McCoun, 



1. JStephen Covell, 
fWilliam Pierce, 

2. Isaac Snedikor, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1824-1825. 

Joseph Hastings. 4. Stephen Ross, 

John Woodworth, jr. 5. Jesse Tracy. 

Jeremiah Chichester. 6. Isaac Lovejoy. 



Leonard Reed. 



1825-1826. 



Israel Seymour. 
Elias Pattison. 
Jeremiah Dauchy 



Alsop Weed, 
Jesse Tracy. 
Abraham W. 



John Lamport. 



DeFreest. 



Josiah Converse. 
Daniel Gardner. 
Jeremiah Dauchy 



1826-1827. 

4. Alsop Weed, 

5. Jesse Tracy. 



Daniel H. Stone. 



1827-1828. 



Josiah Converse. 
Calvin Warner. 
Jeremiah Dauchy. 



Alsop Weed, 
Jesse Tracy. 
Daniel H. Stone. 



1828- 



Joseph Weld. 
Calvin Warner. 
Jeremiah Dauchy. 



■1829. 

4. Stephen Ross, 

5. Jesse Tracy. 

6. fThomas Fenner. 



1829- 



Isaac Wellington. 

Calvin Warner, 
Jeremiah Dauchy. 



183O. 

4. Stephen Ross, 



5. Rufus R. Belknap. 

6. Thomas Turner, jr. 



Uriah Wallace. 



Uriah Wallace. 



Adam Smith. 



Adam Smith. 
Philip J. Brandt.f 



* Died December 25, 1S23. 



f Elected to fill vacancy. 



\ Resigned May 19, 1829. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



3 2 9 



Wards. Aldermen. 

i. William Kelsey, 

2. Calvin Warner, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



I 83O-I 83 I- 



Assistants. 
Isaac Wellington. 
Henry Landon. 
Jeremiah Dauchy. 



Wards. Aldermen. 

4. Stephen Ross, 

5. Thomas Cole. 

6. Oliver L. Sears. 



Assistants. 
Ebenezer Wood. 



1. William Kelsey, 

2. Calvin Warner, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1. Jacob Danker, 

2. Calvin Warner, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



1 83 1- 


-1832 


Benjamin M. Wilson. 
Henry Landon. 
Jeremiah Dauchy. 


4- 
5- 
6. 


1832- 


-1833 


Benjamin M. Wilson. 
Henry Landon. 
Jeremiah Dauchy. 


4- 
5- 
6. 



Stephen Ross, 
Rufus R. Belknap. 
Thomas Turner, jr. 



Stephen Ross, 
Hezekiah C. Arnold. 
Philip Ford. 



Ebenezer Wood. 



Ebenezer Wood. 



1. Albert Christie, 

2. Calvin Warner, 

3. Townsend McCoun, 



Israel Seymour, 
Calvin Warner, 
Townsend McCoun, 



Israel Seymour, 
Calvin Warner, 
George B. Warren, sr. 



1. Israel Seymour, 

2. James H. Wilner, 

3. George B. Warren, sr. 



1. Israel Seymour, 

2. James H. Wilner, 

3. George B. Warren, sr. 

4. James Wallace, 



1. John Silliman, 

2. Thomas Clowes, 

3. George B. Warren, sr. 

4. Elias Dorlon, 



1. John R. Kimberly, 

2. Lyman Powers, 

3. George B. Warren, sr. 

4. Henry Everts, 

42 



i8 3 3-i : 

Lorenzo D. Caldwell. 
Thomas Clowes. 
George B. Warren, sr. 



534- 

4. Anson Arnold, 

5. Apollos Harvey. 

6. Philip Ford. 



John Silliman. 
Thomas Clowes. 
George B. Warren, sr 



I834-I835- 

4. Anson Arnold, 

5. Thomas Knight. 

6. Philip Ford. 



1835-1836. 



John Silliman. 
Thomas Clowes. 
Jacob Dater. 



4. William D. Haight, 

5. Apollos Harvey. 

6. Philip Ford. 



1836-1837. 



John Silliman. 
Thomas Clowes. 
Jacob Dater. 



4. James Wallace, 

5. Thomas Bumstead, jr. 

6. Thomas Turner. 



Ebenezer Wood . 



Ebenezer Wood . 



James Wallace. 



Robert D. Silliman. 



1837-1838. 



Ebenezer Wilson. 
Joseph Snedikor. 
Ebenezer Prescott. 
Robert D. Silliman. 



5. Amos Robinson. 

6. David M. DeFreest. 

7. Otis Sprague, 

8. Albert P. Heartt. 



Caleb Slade. 



I 838-I 839. 



John R. Kimberly. 
Lyman Powers. 
Asa Gardner. 
Henry Everts. 



5. Jesse Tracy. 

6. Philip Ford. 

7. Hiram Slocum, 

8. Albert P. Heartt. 



Oliver Boutwel 



I 839-I 84O. 
Leroy Mowry. 5. Thomas Bumstead, jr. 

Jairus Dickerman. 6. Philip Ford. 

7. Hiram Slocum, Titus Eddy. 



Asa Gardner. 
Jonathan Childs. 



8. Moses I. Winne. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Wards. Aldermen. 

1. John G. Buswel!, 

2. Lyman Powers, 

3. Asa Gardner, 

4. Livv S. Stearns, 



1. Moses Warren, 

2. Lyman Powers, 

3. Asa Gardner, 

4. Henry Everts, 



1. John Barney, 

2. Daniel Wight, 

3. George B. Warren, sr. 

4. Daniel G. Egleston, 



1. Israel Seymour, 

2. George Vail, 

3. Uri Gilbert, 

4. Daniel G. Egleston, 



1. Israel Seymour, 

2. Francis N. Mann, 

3. Uri Gilbert, 

4. Jared S. Weed, 



1. Charles E. Brintnal 

2. Francis N. Mann, 

3. Samuel Kendrick, 

4. Stephen Bowman, 



1. Charles E. Brintnall. 

2. Francis N. Mann, 

3. Uri Gilbert, 

4. Stephen Bowman, 



1. John C. Mather, 

2. Andrew Watrous, 

3. Uri Gilbert, 

4. James Dana, 



1. Benjamin Hatch, 

2. Andrew Watrous, 

3. Hanford N. Lockwood, 

4. James Dana, 



I 84O-I 84 1. 

Wards. 



Assistants. 

Ephraim S. Morgan. 5. 

Samuel G. Huntington. 6. 

Uri Gilbert. 7. 

Jonathan Childs. S. 

184I-1842 

Apollos Harvey. 
Samuel G. Huntington. 
Uri Gilbert. 
Livy S. Stearns. 



Aldermen. 
Amos Robinson. 
Peter Barnes. 
Jesse Anthony, 
John Conkey. 



5. John Rankin. 

6. Peter Barnes. 

7. Thomas Symonds, 

8. Sylvester Norton. 



Assistants. 



Thomas Symonds. 



James DeGroff. 



1842-1843. 

Rufus M. Townsend. 5. Amos Robinson. 

James W. Brooks. 6. Thomas Osgood. 

Uri Gilbert. 
Jared S. Weed. 



Thomas Symonds, 
Martin I. Townsend. 



Aaron 1 1 all. 



I 843- 1 844. 



Charles E. Brintnall. 
Barent Van Alen. 
Samuel Kendrick. 
Jared S. Weed. 

1844- 

Charles E. Brintnall. 
Uriel Dexter. 
Samuel Kendrick. 
Lyman Bennett. 



5. Amos Robinson. 

6. Philip Ford. 

7. Thomas Symonds, 

8. Russell Sage. 



Hiram D. Pierce. 



.845. 



Jesse Tracy, 2d. 
Nathaniel Copp. 
lohn S. Perry, 
Russell Sage. 



Alexander McCoy. 



Benjamin Hatch, 
Harvey Smith. 
William Hagen. 
Elias Johnson. 



Benjamin Hatch. 
Harvey Smith. 
William Hagen. 
Henry Everts. 



I 845- 1 846. 

5. Abraham A. Wemple. 

6. Philip Ford. 

7. John S. Perry, 
S. Russell Sage. 



Alexander McCoy. 



I 846- I 847. 



Joseph W. Ager. 
John Knowlson. 
Harvey Mosher, 
Russell Sage. 



Henrv S. Chichester. 



1 84 7- 1 848. 



Benjamin Hatch. 
Elias Ross. 
Samuel Kendrick. 
Henry Everts. 



5. Peter Fonda, 

6. George W. Merchant. 

7. William Barton, 

8. Russell Sage. 



Thomas Bussey. 



1848-1849. 



Jason J. Gillespy. 
Elias Ross. 
Harvey Smith. 
Leonard McChesnev. 



William W. Cooper, 
Lewis Fellows. 
William Barton, 
Russell Sage. 



Thomas Bussey. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



33* 



Wards. Aldermen. 

1. Benjamin Hatcl), 

2. Elias Ross, 



I 849-I 85O. 
Assistants. Wards. Aldermen. 

Jason J . Giliespy. 5. Joseph W. Ager. 

Eber F. Crandall. 6. Angus Campbell. 



3. Hanford N. Lockwood, Harvey Smith. 

4. Leonard McChesney, Jesse Moore. 



Thomas Bussey, 
Russell Sage. 



Assistants. 



Dexter Moody. 



Isaac McConihe, jr., 
Darius Allen, 
Hiram Smith, 
George H. Starbuck, 
John M. Fonda, 



Lyman R. Avery, 
John B. Gale, 
Harvey Smith, 
Volney Richmond, 
Edward A. Billings. 



Isaac McConihe, jr. 
Darius Allen. 
Hiram Smith, 
Henry Merritt, 
William H. Cary, 



Isaac N. Haight, 
Joseph Fales, 
Harvey Smith, 
Henry Merritt, 
John L. Cole, 



185O-185I. 



1. William F. Sage, 

2. Eber F. Crandall, 

3. Hanford N. Lockwood. 

4. Harvey Mosher, 



1. John N. Willard, 

2. Eber F. Crandall, 

3. Harvey Smith, 

4. Harvey Mosher, 



1. Lyman R. Avery, 

2. Joseph F. Simmons, 

3. Hiram Smith, 

4. George H. Starbuck, 

5. Joseph W. Ager. 



John C. Mather. 
Joseph F. Simmons. 
Hiram Smith. 
John C. Cameron. 



5. John L. Cole. 

6. James Jordan. 

7. Jacob Jacobs, 
S. Charles W. Thompson. 



Alexander G. Halsted. 



1851-1852. 



Kyran Cleary. 


5. Joseph W. Ager, 


Joseph Stackpole. 


6. Winant Bennett. 


Hiram Smith. 


7. Alexander G. Halsted, James Bolton. 


William Ingram. 


8. Charles W. Thompson. 


1852- 


-1853- 


Foster Bosworth. 


6. William Cooper. 


Uriel Dexter. 


7. James Bolton, Alexander G. Halsted 


James Forsyth. 


8. George R. Davis, Jonathan Edwards. 


William Ingram. 


9. Michael McGrath. 




10. William Eddy. 



Leonard Haight. 
C. L. MacArthur. 
Harvey Smith. 
Volney Richmond. 



I 853-1854. 

6. Angus Campbell. 

7. James Bolton, 

8. George R. Davis, 

9. Michael McGrath. 
10. William Eddy. 



Nathan Brownson. 
Daniel Lucy. 



1854-1855. 



Walter J. Seymour. 
Darius Allen. 
Hiram Smith. 
Myron Hamblin. 



6. 

7- 

8. 

9- 
10. 



William Cooper. 
John Anthony, 
John Kerr, 
Michael McGrath. 
Edward R. Swazey. 



1855-1S56. 



James R. Fonda. 
Richard H. Pattison. 
Oliver A. Arnold. 
Evert Ostrander. 
William C. Sherman. 



9- 
10. 



Thomas B. Carroll, 
James Bolton, 
John B. Kellogg, 
Dudley Blanchard, 
Samuel S. Sargent, 



1856-1857. 



James Leonard. 6. 

Richard H. Pattison. 7. 

Oliver A. Arnold. 8. 

Gurdon B. Wallace. 9. 

Peter J. Fonda. 10. 



Angus Campbell, 
John M. Bogardus, 
Martin I. Townsend, 
Thomas Norton, 
Russell Ingraham, 



Joseph Gary. 
Alphonzo Bills. 



William Cooper, 
Uriel Dexter. 
Edward Campion. 
John Harrity, sr. 
Russell Ingraham. 



Mark V. Thompson. 
William H. Jackson. 
Edward Campion. 
Dudley Blanchard. 
Abram Winne. 






332 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 





1857- 


-1858. 


Wards. Aldermen. 


Assistants. 


Wards. 


I. Isaac N. Haight, 


Lyman R. Avery. 


6. 


2. Joseph Fales, 


George Tibbits. 


7- 


3. Harvey Smith, 


Thomas Coleman. 


3. 


4. Henry Merritt, 


Jeremiah D. Green. 


9- 


5. John L. Cole, 


William H. Cary. 


10. 



Aldermen. 
Angus Campbell, 
John M. Bogardus, 
Martin I. Townsend, 
Thomas Norton, 
Russell Ingraham, 



Assistants. 
Mark V. Thompson. 
John Anthony. 
Edward Campion. 
Dudley Blanchard. 
Leonard Smith. 



1858-1859. 



1. Lyman R. Avery, 

2. George Tibbits, 

3. Thomas Coleman, 

4. Jeremiah D. Green, 

5. William H. Cary, 



Isaac N. Haight, 
Joseph Fales, 
Harvey Smith, 
Robert I. Moe, 
Zebulon P. Birdsall, 



James Thorn, 
George Tibbits, 
Thomas Coleman, 
Gurdon B. Wallace, 
William H. Cary, 



James McKeon, 
Joseph Fales, 
George H. Starbuck, 
William Gurley, 
Zebulon P. Birdsall, 



Isaac N. 


Haight. 


6. 


Joseph Fales. 


7- 


Harvey 


Smith. 


8. 


Robert I 


. Moe. 


9- 


Zebulon 


P. Birdsall. 


10. 




1859- 


i860. 


James Thorn. 


6. 


George 


Tibbits. 


7- 


Thomas 


Coleman. 


8. 


Gurdon 


B. Wallace. 


9- 


William 


H. Cary. 


10. 




i860- 


l86l. 


James McKeon. 


6. 


Joseph 


7 ales. 


7- 


William 


S. Earl. 


S. 


William 


Gurley. 


9- 


Zebulon 


P. Birdsall. 


10. 




l86l- 


1862. 


William 


Donohue. 


6. 


William 


Madden. 


7- 


Otis G. 


Clark. 


8. 


Gurdon 


B. Wallace. 


9- 


William 


C. Badeau. 


10. 



Mark V. Thompson, 
John Anthony, 
Edward Campion, 
Dudley Blanchard, 
Leonard Smith, 



Archibald Hutchinson. 
Wm. L. Van Alstyne. 
Alonzo McConihe. 
Thomas Norton. 
John Archibald. 



Archibald Hutchinson, 
Wm. L. Van Alstyne, 
Alonzo McConihe, 
Thomas Norton, 
John Archibald, 



William Cooper, 
John Anthony, 
Miles Beach, 
Patrick Regan, 



William Cooper. 
John Anthony. 
Miles Beach. 
Patrick Regan. 
Hiram A. Ferguson. 



Mark V. Thompson. 
Patrick Murphy. 
Thomas McManus. 
Thomas Norton. 



Hiram A. Ferguson, Charles Eddy. 



Mark V. Thompson, 
Patrick Murphy, 
Thomas McManus, 
Thomas Norton, 
Charles Eddy, 



George S. Bord. 
Hugh Ranken. 
James Fleming. 
Patrick Regan. 
John L. Messer. 



William Donohue, 
William Madden, 
Otis G. Clark, 
Gurdon B. Wallace, 
William C. Badeau, 



1862-1863. 



James McKeon. 
Joseph Fales. 
George H. Starbuck. 
William Gurley. 
John B. Gary. 



6. 


George S. Bord, 


Robert T. Smart. 


7- 


Hugh Ranken, 


Michael Fitzgerald 


8. 


James Fleming, 


Thomas McManus. 


9- 


Patrick Regan, 


John J. Grace. 


10. 


John L. Messer, 


Charles Eddy. 



1 863-1 864. 



I. 


James McKeon, 


John Stanton. 


7- 


Michael Fitzgerald, 


Lawrence Van V; 


ilken 


2. 


Joseph Fales, 


Malcolm G. Crawford. 






burgh. 




3- 


George H. Starbuck, 


James R. Prentice. 


8. 


Thomas McManus, 


James Fleming. 




4. 


William Gurley, 


Jeremiah D. Green. 


9- 


John J. Grace, 


Patrick Regan. 




5- 


John B. Gary, 


William J. Ranken. 


10. 


Charles Eddy. 


Titus E. Eddy. 




6. 


Robert T. Smart, 


George S. Bord. 











TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



333 



Wards. Aldermen, 

i. John Stanton, 

2. Malcolm G. Crawford, 

3. James R. Prentice, 

4. Jeremiah D. Green, 

5. William J. Ranken, 

6. George S. Bord, 



1864-1865. 



Assistants. 
Edward Murphy, jr. 
Joseph Fales. 
George H. Starbuck. 
Robert Morris. 
Thomas T. Hislop. 
Robert T. Smart. 



Wards. Aldermen. 


Assistants. 


7. Lawrence Van Valken- 


Michael Fitzgerald 


burgh. 




S. James Fleming, 


Thomas McManus 


9. Patrick Regan, 


Thomas Norton. 


10. Titus E. Eddy, 


Gordon Hay. 



Edward Murphy, jr., 
Joseph Fales, 
George H. Starbuck, 
Robert Morris, 
Thomas T. Hislop, 



John Stanton. 
Isaac N. Haight. 
James R. Prentice 
William Kemp. 
William Cox. 



I 865-1866. 

6. Robert T. Smart, 
Michael Fitzgerald, 
Thomas McManus, 
Thomas Norton, 
Gordon Hay, 



Edwin Sears. 
William J. Sands. 
James Fleming. 
James Harrity. 
Henry D. Stannard. 



1866-1867. 



I 


John Stanton, 


John D. Spicer. 


6. 


2 


Isaac N. Haight, 


Joseph Fales. 


7- 


3 


James R. Prentice, 


George H. Starbuck. 


S. 


4 


William Kemp, 


William E. Kisselburgh. 


9- 


5 


William Cox, 


Joseph B. Morris. 


10. 



Henry Evans, 
William J. Sands, 
James Fleming, 
James Harrity, 
Henry D. Stannard, 



Edwin Sears. 
John Maloney. 
Dennis O'Loughlin. 
Thomas Norton. 
Albert L. Hotchkin. 



1. John D. Spicer, 

2. Joseph Fales, 

3. George H. Starbuck, 

4. William E. Kisselburgh. 
5 Joseph B. Morris, 



1867-1868 

Hugh Rock. 6. 

Isaac N. Haight. 7 

James R. Prentice. 8 

John M. Bogardus. g, 

Edward Carter. 10. 



Henry Evans, 
John Maloney, 
Dennis O'Loughlin, 
Thomr.s Norton, 
Albert L. Hotchkin, 



Edwin Sears. 
Edmund Fitzgerald. 
James Fleming. 
John Maguire. 
Ira M. Perkins. 



Hugh Rock, 
Isaac N. Haight, 
James R. Prentice, 
John M. Bogardus, 
Edward Carter, 



1 868- 1 869. 

Thomas Galvin. 6. 

Joseph Fales. 7. 

George H. Starbuck. 8. 

Henry A. Merritt. 9. 

Joseph B. Morris. 10. 



Edwin Sears, 
Edmund Fitzgerald, 
James Fleming, 
John Maguire, 
Ira M. Perkins, 



James Maloney. 
Jeremiah Mahoney. 
Dennis O'Loughlin. 
James Maher. 
A. L. Hotchkin. 



Thomas Galvin, 
Joseph Fales, 
George H. Starbuck, 
Henry A. Merritt, 
Joseph B. Morris, 



Edward Kelly. 
Isaac N. Haight. 
James R. Prentice 
John M. Bogardus 
Jacob F. Mealey. 



1 869- 1 8 70. 

6. James Maloney, 

7. Jeremiah Mahoney, 

8. Dennis O'Loughlin, 

9. James Maher, 
10. A. L. Hotchkin, 



John Marr. 
Edmund Fitzgerald. 
William V. Cleary. 
William Peters. 
Leonard Wager. 



1870-1871. 



Edward Kelly, 
Isaac N. Haight, 
James R. Prentice, 
John M. Bogardus, 
Jacob F. Mealey, 
John Marr, 
Edmund Fitzgerald, 



Patrick Carey. 
Joseph Fales. 
George H. Starbuck. 
Henry A. Merritt. 
William Collins. 
James Shaughnessy. 
John Don. 



8 


William V. Cleary, 


9 


William Peters, 





Leonard Wager, 




Edward Hannan, 


2 


Thomas McManus, 


3 


James Euson, 



Dennis O'Loughlin. 
Michael Russell. 
John L. Messer. 
Martin Hunt. 
James Breen. 
G. Frederick Bond . 



334 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 







1871- 


-1872 




fardi 


AMermen. 


Assistants. 


Wards 


Aldermen. 


I. 


Patrick Carey, 


Edward Kelly. 


8. 


Dennis O'Loughlin, 


2. 


Joseph Fales, 


Charles Doring. 


9- 


Michael Russell, 


3- 


George H. Starbuck, 


Chauncey O. Greene. 


10. 


John L. Messer, 


4- 


Henry A. Merritt, 


George H. Phillips. 


11. 


Martin Hunt, 


5- 


William Collins, 


lacob F. Mealey. 


T2. 


James Breen, 


6. 


James Shaughnessy, 


John Marr. 


13- 


G. Frederick Bond, 


7- 


John Don, 


Edward Fitzgerald. 







1872-1873. 



Edward Kelly, 
Charles Doring, 
Chauncey O. Greene, 
George H. Phillips, 
Jacob F. Mealey, 
John Marr, 
Edmund Fitzgerald, 



Patrick Carey. 8. 

J. Lansing Lane. 9. 

Joseph B. Wilkinson, jr. 10. 

Ebenezer R. Collins. 11. 

William Collins. 12. 

James Shaughnessy. 13. 
Patrick Organ. 



William V. Cleary, 
Jeremiah O'Sullivan. 
William A. Hartnett, 
Edward Hannan, 
Thomas McManus, 
James Euson, 



1873-1874. 



Patrick Carey, James C. Shanley. 

J. Lansing Lane, Francis N. Mann, jr. 
Joseph B.Wilkinson, jr., Chauncey O. Greene. 

Ebenezer R. Collins, George H. Phillips. 

William Collins, Jacob F. Mealey. 

James Shaughnessy, Anthony Fitzgerald. 

Patrick Organ, Daniel Burns. 



Dennis O'Loughlin, 
Hugh Treanor, 
Oliver Boutwell, 
Martin Hunt, 
John Moran, 
John C. Mealey, 



H. D. Markstone, 
Michael Niles, 
John M. Landon, 
George Churchill, 
Irving Hayner, 
Patrick Flannigan, 
Joseph Burns, 



H. D. Markstone, 
Michael Niles, 
John M. Landon, 
George Churchill, 
Irving Hayner, 
Patrick Flannigan, 
Daniel Burns, 



J. Le Roy Pine, 
Luther A. Flint, 
John M. Landon. 
George Churchill, 
Nelson Pramer, 
James Shaughnessy, 
Joseph Burns, 



James C. Shanley. 
Francis N. Mann, jr. 
Chauncey O. Greene. 
George H. Phillips. 
Jacob F. Mealey. 
Anthony Fitzgerald. 
Daniel Burns. 



1874-1875 

S, 



1875- 



John J. Murphy. 
Francis N. Mann, jr. 
Gilbert Geer, jr. 
George H. Phillips. 
Edward Carter. 
Anthony Fitzgerald. 
Joseph Burns. 



1876, 

S. 

9- 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13- 



William Hanlon, 
John J. Fallon, 
Michael R. Manning, 
Christopher Behan, 
Daniel O'Sullivan, 
John C. Mealey, 



William Hanlon, 
John J. Fallon, 
Michael R. Manning, 
Christopher Behan, 
Daniel O'Sullivan, 
John C. Mealey, 



1876-1877. 



John J. Murphy. 8 

Francis N. Mann, jr. 9 

Gilbert Geer. jr. 10 

George H. Phillips. 11 

Edward Carter. 12 

Anthony Fitzgerald. 13 
Daniel Burns. 



Michael Kenney, 
Stephen M. Hogan, 
Michael R. Manning, 
Christopher Behan, 
Daniel O'Sullivan, 
G. N. Rhodes, 



Assistants. 
William V. Cleary. 
Jeremiah O'Sullivan. 
William A. Hartnett. 
Edward Hannan. 
Thomas McManus. 
James Euson. 



Dennis O'Loughlin. 
Hugh Treanor. 
Oliver Boutwell. 
Martin Hunt. 
James Breen. 
John C. Mealey. 



Edmond Stanton. 
Michael Looby. 
Thomas Farrell. 
Edward Hannan. 
W. B. Stapleton. 
Lee Chamberlin. 



Dennis O'Loughlin. 
Michael Looby. 
Thomas Farrell. 
Edward Hannan. 
William B. Stapleton. 
Lee Chamberlin. 



Maurice Hartigan. 
Walter Myers. 
Daniel Dunn. 
Edward Hannan. 
W. B. Stapleton. 
Christian W. Rapp. 



Maurice Hartigan. 
Walter Myers. 
Daniel Dunn. 
Edward Hannan. 
William B. Stapleton. 
Christian W. Rapp. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Wards. Aldermen. 

J. Le Roy Pine, 
Luther A. Flint, 
Myron P. Ilamblin, 
George Churchill, 
Nelson Pramer, 
James Shaughnessy, 
Joseph Burns, 



Edward Hughes, 
Mark H. Hubbell, 
Myron P. Hamblin, 
John Don, 
Nelson Pramer, 
|ames Shaughnessy, 
Michael II. Scott, 



James C. Shanley, 
John L. Kennedy, 
Gilbert Geer, jr., 
Shepard Tappen, 
Edward Carter, 
Henry Macfarlane, 
James Morrissey, 



James C. Shanley, 
[ohn L. Kennedy, 
Gilbert Geer, jr., 
Shepard Tappen, 
Edward Carter, 
Henry Macfarlane, 
James Morrissey, 



1877- 

Assistants. 
Michael A. Tierney. 
Charles B. Hubbell. 
Gilbert Geer, jr. 
Albert C. Corse. 
Edward Carter. 
Anthony Fitzgerald. 
James Morrissey. 



1878. 

Wards. Aldermen. 

8. Michael Kenney, 

9. Stephen M. Hogan, 
10. Michael R. Manning, 

Christopher Behan, 
Daniel O'Sullivan. 
13. George N. Rhodes, 



1878-1879. 



Michael A. Tierney. 

C. A. Meeker. 

Gilbert Geer, jr. 10 

Albert C. Corse. 11 

Edward Carter. 12 

Anthony Fitzgerald. 13 

James Morrissey. 



Michael Kenney, 
Stephen M. Hogan, 
Patrick Broderick, 
Christopher Behan, 
William Monaghan, 
George N. Rhodes, 



I 879-I 880. 



Edward Hughes. 
Mark H. Hubbell. 
Myron P. Hamblin. 
John Don. 
Nelson Pramer. 
James Shaughnessy. 
Michael H. Scott. 



(From March 
Francis J. Molloy. 
Elias P. Mann. 
Charles G. Clark. 
R. H. Van Alstyne. 
Tallman Cary. 
James Shaughnessy. 
Michael H. Scott. 



8. Thomas F. Browne, 

9. Walter Myers, 

ro. Walter N. Thayer, 

11. Edward Dolan, 

12. James E. Ryan, 

13. George F. Bond, 

l88o. 

9th to November 9th.) 

S. Thomas F. Browne, 

9. Walter Myers, 

10. Walter N. Thayer, 

11. Edward Dolan, 

12. James E. Ryan, 

13. George F. Bond, 



1880-1881. 

(From November 9th to March 10th.) 



I 


James F. Cleary, 


James C. Shanley. 


8 


2 


Elias P. Mann, 


John L. Kennedy. 


9 


3 


Chauncey O. Greene, 


Gilbert Geer, jr. 


10 


4 


Joseph H. Cavanaugh, 


Shepard Tappen. 


11 


5 


Edward Carter, 


W. J. Ranken. 


12 


6 


Michael Maloney, 


John G. Fox. 


13 


7 


James Morrissey, 


Samuel Morris. 





James Fleming, 
Martin Murphy, 
William Hopkins, 
Dennis J. Whelan, 
Daniel O'Sullivan, 
David M. Ranken, 



l88l. 
(From March 10th to November 15th.) 



Robert Kane, 
Clark Waldron, 
Gilbert Geer, jr., 
E. F. Frost, 
Edward Carter, 
John Landrigan, 
James Morrissey, 



James F. Clear)'. S. 

Elias P. Mann. 9. 

Chauncey O. Greene. 10. 

Joseph H. Cavanaugh. n. 

W. J. Ranken. 12. 

Michael Maloney. 13. 
Samuel Morris. 



James Welsh, 
Walter Myers, 
Walter N. Thayer, 
Edward Dolan, 
Thomas Brearton, 
George F. Bond, 



Assistants. 
Maurice Hartigan. 
Walter Myers. 
Walter N. Thayer. 
Edward Dolan. 
James E. Ryan. 
Christian W. Rapp. 



Maurice Hartigan. 
Walter Myers. 
Walter N. Thayer. 
Edward Dolan. 
James E. Ryan. 
Christian W. Rapp. 



Michael Kenney. 
Stephen M. Hogan. 
Patrick Broderick. 
Christopher Behan. 
William Monaghan. 
David M. Ranken. 



James Fleming. 
Martin Murphy. 
William Hopkins. 
Dennis J. Whelan. 
Daniel Murphy. 
David M. Ranken. 



Thomas F. Browne. 
Walter Myers. 
Walter N. Thayer. 
Edward Dolan. 
James E. Ryan. 
George F. Bond. 



James Fleming. 
Martin Murphy. 
William Hopkins. 
Dennis J. Whelan. 
Daniel O'Sullivan. 
David M. Ranken. 



>3 6 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



18S1-1882. 



Wards 


Aldermen. 


Assistants. 


Wards 


Aldermen. 


I. 


James F. Cleary, 


Bernard Allen. 


8. 


James Fleming, 


2, 


Elias P. Mann, 


William Armstrong. 


9- 


Martin Murphy, 


3- 


Chauncey O. Greene, 


Gilbert Geer, jr. 


10. 


William Hopkins, 


4- 


Joseph H. Cavanaugh, 


Shepard Tappen. 


II. 


Dennis J. Whelan, 


5- 


Edward Carter. 


W. J. Ranken. 


12. 


Daniel O'Sullivan, 


6. 


Michael Maloney, 


John G. Fox. 


13. 


David M. Ranken, 


7- 


James Morrissey, 


Samuel Morris. 

l882- 


-I883 




1. 


George H. Mead, 


Bernard Allen. 


s. 


Dennis Hanlon, 


2. 


John J. Zimmermann, 


William Armstrong. 


9- 


Thomas Stapleton, 


3- 


Abram N. Belcher, 


Gilbert Geer. jr. 


10. 


John Wilson, 


4- 


Edmund J. Cridge, 


Shepard Tappen. 


1 1. 


Dennis J. Whelan, 


5- 


Edward Carter, 


John J. Huntington. 


12. 


Daniel O'Sullivan, 


6. 


Michael Maloney, 


John G. Fox. 


13- 


David M. Ranken, 


7- 


James Morrissey, 


Samuel Morris. 

I88.V 


-1884 





1. George H. Mead, 

2. John J. Zimmermann, 

3. Abram N. Belcher, 

4. Edmund J. Cridge, 

5. William M. Peckham, 

6. Michael Malone)', 

7. James Morrissey, 



George H. Mead, 
William H. Halligan, 
E. A. Hartshorn, 
Edmund J. Cridge, 
William M. Peckham, 
Michael Maloney, 
James Morrissey, 



John J. Ryan. 
William D. Green. 
Gilbert Geer, jr. 
Zeph. F. Magill. 
John H. Huntington. 
John G. Fox. 
Samuel Morris. 



8. Dennis Hanlon, 

i). Thomas Stapleton, 

10. John Wilson, 

1 1. Dennis I. Whelan. 

12. Daniel O'Sullivan, 

13. David M. Ranken, 



1884-1885. 



John J. Ryan. 
William D. Green 
Gilbert Geer, jr. 
Zeph. F. Magill. 

John 1 1. Huntington . 
John G. Fox. 
T. J. O'Sullivan. 



8. John Wallace, 

9. Thomas Stapleton, 
10. H. A. Rood, 

it. Dennis J. Whelan, 

12. Daniel O'Sullivan, 

13. David M. Ranken, 



1885-18S6. 



George H. Mead, 
William H. Halligan, 
E. A. Hartshorn, 
Edmund J. Cridge, 
William H. Gilbert, 
Michael Maloney, 
Michael H. Scott, 



George H. Mead, 
William H. Halligan, 
Robert Clueit, 
Edmund J. Cridge, 
William H. Gilbert, 
Michael Maloney, 
Michael H. Scott, 



Michael A. Tierney. 
Peter Cook. 
Montgomery G. Curtis 
James M. Riley. 
John H. Huntington. 
John G. Fox. 
T. J. O'Sullivan. 



8. John Wallace, 

g. Thomas Stapleton, 

10. H. A. Rood, 

11. Dennis J. Whelan, 

12. Daniel O'Sullivan, 

13. David M. Ranken, 



1886-1887. 



Michael A. Tierney. 
Peter Cook. 
Montgomery G. Curtis. 
James M. Riley. 
Frederick Schneider 
John G. Fox. 
T. J. O'Sullivan. 



8. Michael Kenney, 
y. Thomas Stapleton, 

10. William D. Cox, 

11. James W. Daly, 

12. |John Gleason, 

13. David M. Ranken, 



Assistants. 
John Herbert. 
Thomas Stapleton. 
David Magee. 
Edward Dolan. 
Thomas Brearton. 
George F. Bond. 



John Herbert. 
Hugh Treanor. 
David Magee. 
Edward Dolan. 
Thomas Brearton. 
George F. Bond. 



Bernard J. Roarke. 
Hugh Treanor. 
David Magee. 
Edward Dolan. 
John J. Purcell. 
George F. Bond. 



Bernard J. Roarke. 
Hugh Treanor. 
David Magee. 
Edward Dolan. 
John J. Purcell. 
George F. Bond. 



Bernard J. Roarke. 

Hugh Treanor. 

William H. Flaherty. 
*Edward Dolan. 
f James T. Ouinn. 

John J. Purcell. 

George C. Hartwell. 



Bernard J. Roarke. 
Hugh Treanor. 
William H. Flaherty. 
James T. Ouinn. 
John J. Purcell. 
George C. Hartwell. 



* Resigned April 15th, 1S86. f James T. Quinn elected May 25th, 1886. \ Died February 15th, 1887. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



1887-1888. 



Wards. 
I 
2 
3 
■\ 
5 



Aldermen. 
Michael A. Tierney, 
William H. Halligan, 
Montgomery G. Curtis, 
Edmund J. Cridge, 
Frederick Schneider, 
Michael Maloney, 



Assistants. 
George H. Mead. 
James Wallace. 
Robert Cluett. 
Robert G. Smith. 
Robert T. Cary. 
Michael Keating. 
Timothy J. 0*Sullivan, Michael H. Scott. 



Wards. Aldermen. 

8. Bernard J. Roarke, 

9. Hugh Treanor, 

10. William D. Cox, 

11. James T. Quinn, 

12. John J. Purcell, 

13. George C. Hartwell, 



1 888-1 889. 



Michael A. Tierney, George H. Mead. 8. 

William H. Halligan, *James Wallace. 9. 

Montgomery G. Curtis, Robert Cluett. 10. 

Edmund J. Cridge, Robert G. Smith. 11. 

Frederick Schneider, Robert T. Cary. 12. 

Michael Maloney, Michael Keating. 13. 

Michael H. Scott. Patrick S. Fitzgerald. 



Bernard J. Roarke, 
John Purcell, 
William D. Cox, 
James T. Quinn, 
John J. Purcell, 
David M. Ranken, 



I 889- 1 89O. 



Michael A. Tierney, 
William H. Halligan, 
Robert Cluett, 
Edmund J. Cridge, 
Frederick Schneider, 
Michael Maloney, 
Patrick S. Fitzgerald, 



George H. Mead, 
William H. Halligan, 
Arthur T. Smith, 
Elias G. Dorlon, 
William H. Gilbert, 
Michael Keating, 
Patrick S. Fitzgerald, 



George H. Mead. 
Mark J. Coyle. 
Arthur T. Smith. 
Elias G. Dorlon. 
William H. Gilbert. 
Michael Keating. 
James O'Brien. 



8. John Wallace, 

9. John Purcell, 
10. William D. Cox, 
n. James T. Quinn, 

12. John J. Purcell, 

13. }:David M. Ranken, 



189O-189I. 



Michael A. Tierney. 
Mark J. Coyle. 
John H. Allendorph. 
T. Lee Benedict. 
LeRoy Rickerson. 
Louis I. Maloney. 
James O'Brien. 



Patrick Devery, 
John Purcell, 
William D. Cox, 
James T. Quinn, 
Patrick J. Delaney, 
George C. Hartwell, 



Assistants. 
Michael Kinney. 
James Stapleton. 
John T. Hogan. 
James W. Daly. 
Patrick J. Delaney. 
David M. Ranken. 



John Wallace, 
fjames Stapleton. 
John T. Hogan. 
James W. Daly. 
Patrick J. Delaney. 
George C. Hartwell. 



Patrick Devery. 
John J. Walsh. 
Thomas Denny. 
James W. Daly. 
Patrick J. Delaney. 
George C. Hartwell. 



Patrick Bolton. 
John J. Walsh. 
Thomas Denny. 
John J. Casey. 
John J. Purcell. 
William G. Seaton. 



COMPTROLLERS OF THE CITY OF TROY. 

Under the act of May 3d, 1870, the comptrollers were nominated by the 
mayor and confirmed by the Common Council, to hold the office for a term 
of three years. 



William H. Van Ever)-, March 22d, 1871-1872. 
John P. Albertson, April 4th, 1872-August 17th, 1881. 
Isaac W. Crissey, October 7th, 1SS1-1883. 



John D. Spicer, March 19th, 1883-1886. 
William J. Roche, December 21st, 1886-1890. 
James W. Coffey, October 2d, 1890. 



CHAMBERLAINS OF THE CITY OF TROY. 

Under the act of April 12th, 1816, the chamberlains were appointed 
annually by the Common Council. 



Died September gth, 1889. 
43 



f Died September 2d, 1889. 



i Resigned October 2d, 1390. 



338 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Under the act of January 28th, 1848, they were appointed by the Common 
Council to hold office for three years. 

Under the act of May 3d, 1870, they were nominated by the mayor and 
confirmed by the Common Council, 

David Buel, May 21st, 1816-1822. 
James Mallory, May 21st, 1822-1825. 
John Thomas, May 17th, 1825-1845. 
William Brinckerhoff, May 29th, 1845-1845. 
George B. Richards, October 2d, 1845-1S46. 
Jared S. Weed, April 16th, 1846-1849. 
John T. Lamport, July 19th, 1849-1S59. 
Amos S. Perry, June 2d, 1859-1863. 

CITY ATTORNEYS. 

Under the act of December 31st, 1867, the city attorneys were appointed 
by the Common Council to hold office for two years. 

Under the act of May 3d, 1870, they were nominated by the mayor and 
confirmed by the Common Council. 

Under the act of May 16th, 1887, the corporation counsel was nominated 
and confirmed in the same manner to hold office for three years. 



James M. Brewer, May 21st, 1S63-1867. 
Derick Lane, October 14th, 1S67-1871. 
George C. Burdett, March 22d, 1871-1874. 
Benjamin H. Hall, April 2d, 1874-1877. 
Henry S. Church, September 6th, 1S77-1884. 
Benjamin H. Hall, February 7th, 1884-1885. 
John F. Bridgeman, May 21st, 1SS5. 



Henry Z. Hayner. May 17th, 1S36-1S37. 
John T. Lamport, June 15th, 1S37-1S47 
Charles R Richards, March 18th, 1847-1851. 
Gardner Stow, March nth, 1S51-1853. 
Roswell A. Parmenter, March 8th, 1853-1854. 
Harvey J. King, March 14th, 1854-1855. 
Samuel Stover. March 13th, 1855-185S. 
George T. Blair, March 9th, 1S5S-1S59. 
Harvey S. Flagg, March 8th, 1S59-1S60. 
George Day, March 13th, 1S60-1S61. 



Giles B. Kellogg, March 12th, 1861-1863. 
Richard C. Jennyss, March 10th, 1S63-1S64. 
John M. Landon, March 10th, 1S64-1865. 
A. A. Lee, March 14th, 1865-1866. 
William A. Beach, 1866-1870. 
John H. Colby, May 24th, 1870-1871. 
Roswell A. Parmenter, March 22d, 1S71-1SS3. 
William J. Roche, October 10th, 1883-1886. 
Roswell A. Parmenter, February 4th, 1886-1887. 



CORPORATION COUNSEL. 

Under the act of May 1 6th, 1887, the office of city attorney was abolished, 
and that of corporation counsel of the city of Troy created. 

Roswell A. Parmenter, May 19th, iSS7-October 6th, William J. Roche, October 2d, 1890. 
1890. 

CITY SURVEYORS AND ENGINEERS. 



William McManus. May 21st, 1S16-1819. 
John Klein, May 25th, 1S19-1821. 
William Roberts, jr., May 3d, 1821-1834. 
Sidney A. Beers, April 3d, 1S34-1839. 
William Barton, March 12th, 1S39-1S42. 
William Roberts, jr., March iSth, 1842-1853. 
Benjamin Turner, March Sth, 1853-1853. 



William M. Bliss, May 21st, 1816-1S25. 
Ebenezer Wilson, jr., May 17th, 1S25-1S44. 
George T. Blair, March 12th, 1844-1847. 



Luther D. Eddy, August iSth, 1853-1S56. 
William Barton, March nth, 1856-1859. 
Charles L. Fuller, March 8th, 1S59-1870. 
Luther D. Eddy, March Sth, 1S70-1870. 
Charles L. Fuller, May 24th, 1870-1875. 
Robert M. Hasbrouck, March 9th, 1S75-1883. 
Charles L. Fuller, November 13th, 1S83. 

CITY CLERKS. 

John T. Lamport, October 7th. 1S47-1S49. 
William Hagen, August 16th, 1S49-1851. 
John M. Francis, March nth, 1851-1854. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 339 

CITY CLERKS— Continued. 

Charles D. Brigham, March 14th, 1S54-1855. Franklin B. Hubbell, March 13th, 1866-1869. 

John M. Francis, March 13th, 1S55-1856. Thomas J. Jennings, October 7th, 1S69-1870. 

Franklin B. Hubbell, March nth, 1S56-1S58. William E. Kisselburgh, March 8th, 1870-1870. 

Benjamin H. Hall, March gth, 185S-1859. Richard V. O'Brien, May 24th, 1870-1871. 

Abraham Fonda, March 8th, 1859-1860. Lewis E. Griffith, March 22d, 1S71-1874. 
Francis L. Hagadorn, March 13th, 1860,-May 17th, 1S60. Henry McMillen, March 10th, 1S74-1S75. 

John H. Neary, June 21st, 1860-1861. Charles R. DeFreest, March 9th, 1875-1882. 

George W. Demers, March 12th, 1861-1S63. Edwin A. King, November 14th, 1S82-1S86. 

Franklin B. Hubbell, March 10th, 1S63-1865. John J. McCormick, November gth, 1886. 
James S. Thorn, March 14th, 1865-1866. 

WATER COMMISSIONERS. 

By the "act in relation to the Troy Water-Works," passed by the Legis- 
lature, on March 9th, 1855, Harvey Smith, William F. Sage, Thomas Symonds, 
Joseph M. Warren, and Liberty Gilbert were constituted water commissioners; 
their successors being appointed by a two-third vote of the Common Council. 

Name, Appointed. Resigned. Died. 

Harvey Smith March gth, 1855. Sept. 28th, 1865. Aug. 8th, 1881. 

William F. Sage March gth, 1855. Oct. 2d, 1862. Oct. 22d, 1870. 

Thomas Symonds March gth, 1855 Dec. 22d, 1876. 

Joseph M. Warren March gth, 1855. June 6th, 1S67 

Liberty Gilbert March gth, 1855. Sept 28th, 1865 

Thomas Sausse Oct. 2d, 1862 Nov. 13th, 1871. 

Lyman R. Avery April 19th, 1866. Feb. 3d, 1887 

Joseph Fales April 19th, 1866 

Richard F. Hall March 17th, 1870 

George D. Wotkyns Nov. 6th, 1S73 Nov. 17th, 1880 

John B. Pierson Feb. 1st, 1877 Aug. 12th, 1885. 

Henry S. Church Dec. 2d, 18S0. April 3d, 1884 

David M. Ranken May 6th, 18S4. Oct. 3d, iSgo 

Dennis J. Whelan Aug. 27th, 1885 

Samuel O. Gleason Feb. 3d, 18S7 

Edward Dolan, Superintendent, appointed Sept. 16th, i88g. 

FIRE COMMISSIONERS. 

By the act of April 13th, 1861, a board of fire commissioners, consisting of 
seven citizens, was created; the mayor being one of the commissioners by 
virtue of his office. The terms of office of the six commissioners successively 
ended on December 31st, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, and 1S66. Their 
successors were severally appointed by the Common Council to hold office 
for six years. 

By the act of May 20th, 1881, the mayor ceased to be a member of the board. 

Otis G. Clark, 1861-1866. William Madden, 1867-1S78. 

Isaac W. Crissey, 1861-1867. Ebenezer Warner, 1868-1873. 

Jason C. Osgood, 1861-1868. Moses C. Green, i86g-i874. 

Hugh Ranken, 1861-1875. Albert L. Hotchkin, 1871-1S76. 

Jonas C. Heartt, 1861-1870. Robert B. Ranken, 1872-18S1. 

William Gurley, 1861-1871. Richard F. Hall, 1S72-1S83. 



34-0 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

FIRE COMMISSIONERS — Continued. 

Edward F. Murray, 1873-1S74. William S. Earl, 1880-1887. 

Edward Murphy, jr., 1874-1879. Elias P. Mann, 18S4. 

Rodney W. Hickey, 1875-1879. Albert Tompkins, 1884. 

Samuel O. Gleason, 1875-1880. William Ranken, 1885. 

Edmond Stanton, 1877-1888. John M. Galligan, 1886-April, 1889. 

John Reardon, 1878-1885. Thomas B. Purcell, 1888. 

Joseph C. Hair, 1878-1880. John Corr, 18S9. 

Dennis O'Loughlin, 1879-1886. William Holmes, 1889. 

William A. Simmons, 1879-18S4. 

Charles W. Peoble, clerk, from March 1st, 1875. 

POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 

By the act of April 29th, 1870, the Police Board of the city, consisting of 
three commissioners, was created ; the mayor being one by virtue of his office. 
The first commissioners were elected at the general election in November, 
1870; one holding office until the second Tuesday in March, 1873, the other 
until the second Tuesday in March, 1874. Their successors, elected at the 
charter election in March, held the office for three years. 

By the act of February 28th, 1876, three commissioners appointed by the 
mayor were to constitute the Police Board, two of whom were to hold office 
from the second Tuesday in March, 1876, for three years, and one, from the 
second Tuesday in March, 1877, for three years. 

Under the act of May 20th, 1880, four commissioners were elected by the 
Common Council to hold office until the Tuesday following the second Monday 
of November, 1880. On that day, the Common Council was required to elect 
two commissioners to hold office for a term of two years, and two to hold office 
for a term of four years. Their successors were elected to serve for four years. 

Under the act of March 13th, 1885, the president of the Common Council 
was required to appoint, within ten days after the passage of the act, two com- 
missioners for two years, and two for four years. Their successors, appointed 
by the Common Council, were to hold office for a term of four years. 

Isaac McConihe, jr., November 15th, 1870-1873. Elisha W. Hydorn, May 27th, 1880-Nov. 13th, 1884. 

Jeremiah Mahoney, November 15th, 1870-1S74. John Magill, November nth, 1880-March 9th, 1889. 

Peter Finnerty, March, 1873-1876. Samuel A. Craig, November 14th, i8S2-March, 1885. 

Edmond Stanton, March, 1874-1877. James Fleming, Nov. 13th, 1S84, resig'd May 21st, 1890. 

William E. Kisselburgh, March 7th, 1876-1880. Edward Hannan, March 13th, 1885. 

William W. Willard, March 7th, 1876-1880. William E. Kisselburgh, Mch.i3th, iSSs-May 7th, 1S85. 

Edward Hannan, March, iS77-November, 1SS2. John Crawford Green, May 7th, 1885. 

Joseph Egolf, May 27th, 1880-November, 1S80. Cornelius V. Collins, March 7th, 1889. 

Michael Cavanaugh, May 27th, 1880-November, 18S4. Francis J. Molloy, May 21st, 1890. 
W. W. Willard, Superintendent, appointed March 16th, 1885. 

SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. 

Under the act of March 25th, 1873, tne mayor, comptroller, and chamber- 
lain, or a majority of them, were authorized to appoint twelve school commis- 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



341 



sioners, four of whom were to hold office for one year, four for two years, and 
four for three years. Their successors, holding office for three years, were 
elected annually thereafter at the charter elections until they were discontinued 
in 1880, and then annually at the general elections in November. 



Frederick P. Allen, 1873-1874. 
Lewis E. Gurley, 1S73-1S74. 
William A. Hartnett, 1873-1874. 
Bartholomew Kelly, 1873-1S74. 
*Nelson Benson, 1873-1874. 
Jeremiah O'Sullivan, 1S73-1875. ■ - 
La Mott W. Rhodes, 1873-1878. 
Norman B. Squires, 1S73-1875. 
Robert Bainbridge, 1873-1876. 
David M. Greene, 1873-1876. 
Thomas H. Marlow, 1873-1876. 
Albert Tompkins, 1873-1879. 
John H. Gleason, 1874-1883. 
John J. Harrigan. 1874-1877. 
Isaac Keith, 1874-1883. 
David M. Ranken, 1874. 
*Irving Browne, 1874-1880. 
*Charles G. Clark, 1S74-1878. 
Thomas W. Boyle, 1875-1878. 
John J. Evers, 1875-1889. 
John F. Cahill, 1S76-18S2; 1885. 
Charles Eddy, 1876-1879. 
Patrick Vaughn, 1876-1884. 
George J. Brennan, 1877-1885. 
William H. Hollister, jr., 1878-1881. 
William F. Her, 1878-1881. 



Patrick H. Roddy, 1878-1887. 

Edward Green, 1879-February 1st, 1887. 

Irving Hayner, 1879-1884. 

*Thomas Dickson, 1879-1882. 

Octavous Jones, 1880-1883; 1886-1889. 

Philip M. Wales, 1880-1886. 

William Holmes, 1882-1887. 

T. Byron Donahue, 1882-1888. 

Charles H. Hitchcock, 1882. 

Robert H. Tunnard, 1882-1888. 

James M. Ide, 1883-1886. 

*James M. McDonnell, 1884- 1890. 

Albert Smith, 1884. 

William Hopkins, lS86-July 1st, 1890. 

Lorenzo D. Streeter, 1886-18S9. 

William T- Dorrance, 1887. 

David Morey, 1887-1890. 

*Sidney W. Giles, February 1st, 1887-18 

*Thomas J. Guy, June 6th, 1888. 

Thomas D. Hendy, 1888. 

James Smyth, 1888. 

John Morgan, November 5th, 1S89. 

Clarence E. Betts, November 5th, 1889. 

Peter ]. Wallace, July 1st, 1890. 

Daniel A. Healey, November 4th, 1890. 

John B. Larkin, November 4th, 1890. 



David Beattie, Superintendent of the Public Schools, from April 9th, 1873. 
COMMISSIONERS OF CHARITIES. 

Under the act of February 27th, 1883, the Common Council was empowered 

The successors of the first to hold 



to elect six commissioners of charities 
office for three years. 

George Harrison, June 17th, 1880, resigned January 

20th, 1881. 
Robert Bainbridge, June 17th, 1880-July 5th, 1883. 
Hugh Treanor, June 17th, 1880-July 5th, 1S83. 
Urwin D. Sterry, June 17th, l3So-July 51I], 1S83. 
Thomas Farrell, June 17th, i8So-July 17th, 1884. 
Thomas Galvin, June 17th, 18S0. 
Thomas Collins, July 5th, 1883-July 17th, 1S84. 
Daniel R. Winne, July 5th, 1883. 
William Monaghan, July 5th, 1883-July 2d, 18S5. 

John Fleming, Superintendent, 1880. 



D. B. Sweet, July 5th, 1883-June 17th, 1886. 
Robert Wade, July nth, 1884-July 17th, 1887. 
Patrick Bolton, July 17th, 1884. 
Thomas Brearton, July 17th, 1384-June 21st, 1888. 
George S. Geer, June 4th, 1886-August 22d, 1SS9. 
Robert Holt, June 16th, 1887-July 17th, 1890. 
Daniel O'Sullivan, June 21st, 1888. 
D. B. Sweet, August 22d, 1889. 
Edward Edwards, June 19th, 1890. 



PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT COMMISSION. 

By the act of Legislature, approved on May 29th, 1889, the mayor was 
empowered to appoint seven persons to " constitute a commission to be 



* Elected by the commissioners. 



342 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

known as 'the public improvement commission,'" whose terms of office were 

not to exceed a period of seven years from the passage of the act. The 

votes of not less than four of the commissioners are required to elect their 
successors. 

APPOINTED JUNE I3TH, 1889. 

Charles W. Tillinghast. John Dow, Peter H. Buckley. James H. Nichols. 

Walter P. Warren, Edward F. Murray, Robert H. Thompson. 

JUSTICES OF THE JUSTICES' COURT. 

Under the act of May 5th, 1834, three justices were appointed by the 
Governor and Senate for terms of four years. 

Under the act of February 28th, 1848, three justices were severally elected, 
for terms of three years, at successive charter elections ; the first election 
being on the first Tuesday in March, 1848. 

Under the act of February nth, 1876, two justices were elected, for terms 
of two years, at successive charter elections. . 

Under the act of May 1 ith, 1880, they were elected at the general election 
in November, and every third year thereafter. 

David Gleason, appointed, May 7th, 1834, died 1830. John M. Landon, March 3d, 1857-1862. 

Henry V. W. Masten, appointed, May 7th, 1S34-1S48. Franklin J. Parmenter, January 6th, 1860-1S64. 

Cyrus D. Sheldon, appointed, May 7th, 1834-1843. [ohn L. Flagg, March 4th, 1862-1S65. 

Job S. Olin, appointed, January 29th, 1S40-1S44. Thomas J. Cornelius, March 3d, 1S63-1866. 

Hiram Taylor, appointed, February 10th, 1843-1846. Thomas Neary, March 7th, 1865-1871. 

Abraham Van Tuyl, appointed, Jan. 16th, 1S44-1S4S. Richard C. Jennyss, March 6th, 1S66-1875. 

Moses Warren, appointed, March 27th, 1846, resigned William Donohue, March 5th, 1867-1876. 

i860. John Conway, Jr., March 7th, 1871-1877. 

Gilbert Robertson, Jr., appointed, Jan. nth. 1S48-1853. Thomas J. Gay, 2d, March 2d, 1875-1886. 

Seth H. Terr}', appointed, January nth, 1848-1850. Edmund L. Cole, March 6th, 1877-1SS0. 

J. Fairchild Wells, March 6th, 1848-1853. John P. Curley, March 2d, 1880-1889. 

Charles E. Brintnall, March 5th, 1850-1857. Thomas S. Fagan, September 27th, 1S86-1889. 

George R. Davis, jr., March 1st, 1S53-1857. William J. Ludden, November 5th, 1889. 

Uriel Dexter, March 3d, 1857-1867. John J. Kennedy, November 5th, 1889. 

POLICE MAGISTRATES. 

Under the act of February i ith, 1876, a police magistrate and an assistant 
police magistrate were appointed by the mayor to hold office for six years. 

Under the act of May 20th, 1880, the magistrates were nominated by the 
mayor and confirmed by the Common Council. 

POLICE MAGISTRATES. 

William Donohue, February 12th, 1S76-1881. William Donohue, February 3d, 1887. 

Richard C. Jennyss, January 28th, 1S81-1S87. 

ASSISTANT POLICE MAGISTRATES. 

Lewis E. Griffith, February 12th, 1876-1S82. James W. Coffey, June 20th, 1889-October 3, 1890. 

John J. Hassett, February 13th, 18S2-18S3. Cornelius Hannan, October 2, 1S90. 

Michael H. Myers. June 21st, 1S83-1889. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



343 



CONTRACTING BOARD. 
1S9O-189I. 



Dennis J. Whelan, Mayor, Chairman. 
James W. Coffey, Comptroller. 
William J. Roche, Corporation Counsel. 



Dennis J. Whelan, Mayor, Chairman. 
James W. Coffey, Comptroller. 
John F. Bridgeman, Chamberlain. 
William J. Roche, Corporation Counsel. 
John Fleming. 



Mark J. Coyle, President of the Common Council. 
Charles L. Fuller, City Engineer. 
E. Ogden Ross, Secretary. 



BOARD OF HEALTH. 
189O-189I. 



William Ferguson. 
Matthew H. Burton, M. D. 



John H. Cipperly, M. D., Health Officer. 
William H. Hannan, Registrar of Vital Statistics. 



William S. Parker, 1816. 
Gurdon Corning, 1S21. 
Joseph Russell, 1827. 
Townsend McCoun, 1827. 
Albert Richards, 1834. 
Edward S. Fuller, 1S41. 
Albert Richards, 1842. 



CHIEF ENGINEERS OF THE CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Hugh Rock, 1858. 
N. B. Starbuck, 1861. 
Ransom H. Noble, 1865. 
Richard F. Hall, 1S66. 



Joseph C. Taylor, 1S43. 
N. B. Starbuck, 1846. 
Joseph C. Taylor, 1848. 
N. B. Starbuck, 1849. 



Edward H. Chapin, 1S50. James H. Ingram, 1869. 

John F. Prescott, 1851. J. Lansing Lane, 18S0, died August 

William Madden, 1853. 15, 1889. 

Charles F. Green, First Assistant Engineer, March 1, 1869. 
Patrick Byron, Second Assistant Engineer, March 1, 18S0. 



CAPTAINS OF THE CITY FIRE ENGINE COMPANIES. 



Arba Reap Steam Fire Engine Company, 



Nathaniel B. Starbuck, 1860-1861. 
E. W. Stoddard, 1861. 
Lewis L. Southwick, 1862-1864. 
William G. Crissey, 1865. 
James H. Ingram, 1S66-1868. 
Edward M. Green, 1869. 



Lansing Smith, 1870-1875. 
Henry A. J. Deming, 1876. 
Isaac F. Handy, 1877. 
Mark H. Hubbell, 187S. 
Melville S. Marble, 1879-1880. 
Herbert M. Caswell, 1881. 



No. 1. 

William J. Macdonald, 1882-1883. 

Herbert M. Caswell, 1884. 

Percy B. McCoy, 1885. 

James H. Lloyd, 18S6-1888. 

Marcus D. Russell, 18S9. 

James H. Lloyd, 1890. 



Hugh Ranken Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 2. 



George W. Shepard, 1861-1863. 
Charles F. Green, 1S63-1866. 
H. B. Harvey, 1867. 
Charles F. Green, 1868. 
H. B. Harvey, 1869. 



Chas. H. McGrath, 1870-1872. 
Albert R. Corse, 1873. 
W. G. Mackey, 1874-1875. 
Edward J. McKenna, 1S76. 
Levi B. Gardner, 1877. 



Patrick J. Fitzgerald, 1878-1881. 
Andrew J. Forrest, 1882-1883. 
Edward P. Green, 1884-1885. 
Michael J. Quirk, 1SS6-188S. 
Thomas L. Kavanaugh, 1889-1890. 



Jason C. Osgood Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 3. 



James McKeon, 1862-1863. 
Michael Riley, 1864. 
Edgar Ballou, 1S65-1866. 
Martin Payne, 1867. 
Moses C. Green, 1868. 
Samuel Hudson, 1869-1870. 



William T. McCrea, 1S71-1872. 
George S. Bosworth, jr., 1873. 
M. H. Arts, 1874. 
I. Seymour Scott, 1875-1878. 
Adelbert T. Burdick, 1879-1880. 
Franklin Moore, 1881. 



Thomas B. Brannen, 1S82-1883. 
William H. Donahue, 1884-18S6. 
John J. Kenna, 1S87-1888. 
Patrick F. Delaney, 1889-1890. 



Charles Eddy Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 4. 

Henry Davis, jr., 1S66-1867. George L. Tyler, 1874. Thomas T errv - 1877. 

Charles H. Hitchcock, 186S-1S72. G. A. Hitchcock, 1875-1876. Robert Seitz, 187S-1880. 

Arthur Tilley, 1873. George L. Tyler, 1876. Henry H. Plum, 1881. 



344 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Charles Eddy Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 4- — Continued. 

W. H. Ransley, 1882-1883. John E. Gaitley, 1885-1886. John E. Gaitley, 1889. 

R. H. Walsh, 1884. D. J. Cummings, 1887-1888. W. H. Hilke, 1890. 

F. W. Farnam Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 5. 

John W. Rogers, 1872. Thomas Wells, 1SS0. George Patterson, 1S86. 

James Crossen, 1873-1S76. Robert T. Cary, 1S81-1SS2. Charles A. Wager, 1887. 

George A. Crawford, 1877. Morgan A. Allen, 1883-1SS4. George Patterson, 1SS8. 



Wm. M. Peckham, 1878-1879. 



John Mackay, 1884-18 



William Mackay, 1889-1890. 



Edmond Stanton Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 6. 

Thomas Smith, 1873-1876. William H. Latham, i88o-i88t. William Wilbert, 1889. 

Patrick M. Stanton, 1877. John Ryan, 1882-1883. Cornelius Smith, 1890. 

Dennis Gleason, 1878. Hubert Madden, 1884-1886. 

Thomas Keating, 1879. Daniel F. Cowen, 1887-1888. 



James Chapman, i860. 
E. Winters, 1861. 
James Anderson, 1862-1S64. 
Jacob Winters, 1865-1866. 
John Bloomingdale, 1867. 
Norman Schermerhorn, 186S. 



Hope Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 7. 

S. McNaughton, 1869. William M. Watson, 1880-18 

Jacob Winters, 1S70. Hiram A. Ford, 18S2-1884. 

C. H. Clark, 1S71. Albert Minkler, 1885-1887. 

Jacob Winters, 1S72-1875. George H. Hines, 1888-1889 

R. H. Uline, 1876. S. P. Simmons. 1890. 
Abram Miller, 1877-1879. 

Esek Bussey Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 8. 
E. S. Chapin, 1890. 



Hezekiah Williams, 1812. 
Russell W. Lewis, 1813-1814. 
Hezekiah Williams, 1815-1829. 
Robert D. Silliman, 1830-1834. 
G. V. S. Quackenbush, 1835-1837 
Charles W. Corning, 1S38-1839. 
John T. McCoun, 1840. 
James Corning, 1841-1843. 



Washington Volunteer Fire 
James H. Congdon, 1850. 
William E. Hagan, 1851. 
Gerrit Quackenbush, 1852. 
S. Nelson Derrick, 1853. 
Alfred A. Wotkyns, 1854. 
Calvin S. Sill, 1855. 
Lewis A. Rousseau, 1S56. 
Richard F. Hall, 1857-1S5S. 



Company. 

William E. Gilbert, 1866. 
J. Lansing Lane, 1867-1874. 
A. N. Sage, 1874-1876. 
Henry Collings, 1S77. 
Elias P. Mann, 1878-1879. 
John A. Brannen, 1880-1S81. 
Henry Collings, 18S2-1886. 
William Cottrell, 1887-1888. 



E.Thompson Gale, i844,to May, 1849. Nathan Dauchy, 2d, 1859-1860. 
Chas.W.Tillinghast.from May, 1849. Richard F. Hall, 1860-1866. 



John Miller, 1S89. 
j. W. Fowler, 1890. 



Trojan Hook and Ladder Company, No. 3. 



J. J. Firth, 1857. 

L. S. Bunnell, 1858-1860. 

J. Crawford Green, 1861-1865. 

Sidney Wright, 1866-1867. 



J. Crawford Green, 1868. 
D. F. Magill, 1869. 
O. S. Ingram, 1S70-1881. 
H. C. Salisbury, 1882-1886. 



E. R. Wales, 1887. 

Charles P. Stimpson, 1888-1890. 



SUPERINTENDENTS OF FIRE ALARM TELEGRAPH. 



Andrew D. Collins, 1869-1S 



James Knibbs, Nov., 1883. 



179S $128 50 

1799 225 00 

1800 No levy. 

1801 577 5° 

1802 350 00 



1803 No levy. 

1S04 $310 00 

1S05 715 OO 

1806 2,463 00 

1 807 900 00 



VILLAGE TAX. 

180S $1,000 00 

1809 500 00 

1810 1,000 00 

1811 1,510 42 

1812 1,212 45 



1813 $1,100 00 

1814 1,200 00 

1815 No levy. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



345 



CITY TAX. 



1816 $4,500 00 

1817 5,200 00 

1818 3,000 00 

1819 3,500 00 

1820. ....... 2,750 00 

1821 4,750 00 

1822 3,000 00 

1823 5,500 00 

1S24 6,000 00 

1S25 7,000 00 

1826 7,000 00 

1827 10,000 00 

1S2S 16,000 00 

1829 12,000 00 

1830 9,000 00 

1831 11,000 00 

1832 15,000 00 

1833 15,000 00 

1S34 22,000 00 



1835 $25,000 00 

1S36 29,14s 00 

1837 35,ooo 00 

1S3S 35,000 00 

1839 35,ooo 00 

1840 35,000 00 

1S41 44,698 00 

1S42 S6,ioo 00 

1S43 110,256 00 

1S44 ioS,I5o 00 

1845 99,700 00 

1846 101,850^00 

1847 92,877 49 

1848 79.S50 00 

1S49 SS.soo 00 

1850 106,000 00 

1851 115, 9S1 00 

1852 131,477 45 

1853 121,924 00 



1S54 $135,308 00 

1855 153,366 27 

1856 M9,47o 77 

1857 152,164 77 

1858 155,028 18 

1859 147,648 00 

1S60 142,507 90 

1861 143,856 65 

1862. . . 144,413 69 

1863 156,915 60 

1864 433,609 75 

1865 408,907 13 

1S66 360,574 96 

1867 360,465 50 

1868 321,562 50 

1S69 397,189 18 

1870 581,789 50 

1871 692,405 14 

1S72 460,870 00 



1873 $515,220 00 

1S74 575.801 25 

iS75 519.555 19 

1876 532,840 47 

1877 530,080 00 

1878 496,13000 

1879 463,880 00 

1880 459,865 95 

1881 448,558 00 

1882 408,579 00 

1883. 439, 2 87 50 

1884 476,373 61 

1885 575,424 53 

1886 59 2 .359 78 

1887 554,521 67 

188S 528,321 32 

1889 577,967 95 

1890 550,471 37 



Year. 

1816 

1817 

1818 

1819 

1820 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826 

1S27 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1S31 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1S37 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1S41 

1842 

1843 

1S44 

1845 

44 



RATE OF CITY, STATE AND COUNTY TAXES 

ON $IOO VALUATION OK PROPERTY IN TROY. 

Rate of State and Total Rate of 

City Tax. County Tax. Rate. Year. City Tax. 

$ $ 38 $ 1846 $1 53 

26 47 73 1847 I 32 

26 34 60 1848 I IO 

17 37 54 1849 I 21 

23 42 65 1850 1 38 

42 1851 99 

28 39 67 1852 1 16 

18 1853 99 

23 17 40 1854 1 09 

24 23 47 1855 1 l8 

21 20 41 1S56 I 16 

33 22 55 1857 I 18 

47 26 73 1858 1 28 

37 27 64 1859 1 20 

25 34 59 i860 1 14 

28 43 71 1861 1 15 

38 33 71 1862 1 18 

36 44 80 1863 1 19 

52 33 85 1864.. 3 04 

52 3S 90 1865... 3 40 

47 33 80 1866 2 53 

70 41 1 11 1867 2 60 

66 39 1 05 1868 ... 2 22 

65 36 1 01 1869 3 68 

65 35 1 00 1870 3 64 

67 33 100 1S71 4 43-11 

.130 42 172 1S72 3 03n 

■ 1 75 39 2 14 1S73 3 43tb 

■ 175 41 216 1S74 3 34fo 

155 35 190 1875 ■ 3 35tij 



State and 


Total 


County Tax. 


Rate. 


$ 33 


$1 86 


36 


1 68 


50 


1 60 


49 


1 70 


51 


1 89 


33 


1 32 


42 


1 58 


42 


1 41 


45 


1 54 


61 


1 79 


60 


1 76 


60 


1 78 


65 


I 93 


59 


1 79 


88 


2 02 


79 


1 94 


1 02 


2 20 


1 45 


2 64 


1 66 


4 70 


1 93 


5 33 


1 72 


4 25 


1 86& 


4 46 T B t[ 


1 53A 


3 751% 


1 55 A 


5 23t'h 


1 58 


5 22 


1 40T5 


5 84 


1 97 


5 00^ 


1 74, 4 tt 


5 i7 T 7 n 


1 S4 


5 ISA 


1 74 


5 09ft 



346 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Year. 
1876. 

1877. 
187s. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 



ON $IOO VALUATION 

Rate of 
City Tax 

• $3 44 



3 44 
3 27 

2 97 

3 01 
2 91 
2 63 
2 86 



RATE OF ( TTY, STATE AND COUNTY TAXES 
OF property in troy — Continued. 

Total Rate of State and Total 

Rate. Year. City Tax. County Tax. Rate. 

$5 18 1884 $3 08 Si 57 *4 65 

5 14 18S5* 1 24 ("V,;;, 1 84^ 

4 7S 1S86 125 64^ 1 S9i'a 

427 1S87 I 16 63 T \ 1 79 T 2 5 

4 42 1888 1 10 62 I 72 

4 23 1889 1 20 71 1 91 

4 16 1S90 1 17 

4 68 



State and 
County Tax 

$1 74 

I 70 

1 51 
1 30 

1 41 
I 32 

1 53 
I 82 



STATE AND COUNTY TAX- UPON THE CITY. 

The warrants signed by the Board of Supervisors of Rensselaer County 
and delivered to the chamberlain of the city for collection. 



1871 $222,720 73 

1872 3 OI ,3i3 59 

1873 263,695 36 

1874 283,918 85 

1875 270,518 90 



1876 $269,404 43 

1S77 263,182 22 

1878 230,863 20 

1879 205,176 39 

1880 218,727 31 



1881 $206,619 5 6 

1S82 239,981 57 

1883 282,754 29 

1884 242,710 90 

1885 284,615 27 



1886 $305,355 75 

1887 302,370 03 

1888 . . . 296,525 95 

1889 340.053 83 



Since 1871, the 
tax levy. 

1871 $30,474 24 

1872 33,868 34 

1873 36.292 75 

1874 38,190 5 6 

1875 40,795 32 



WATER RENTS. 

following 1 water rents have been inserted in the annual 



1876 $43,007 20 

1877 46,482 68 

1878 47. 79 1 32 

1879 4S.383 Jo 

1S80 56,922 25 



1881. $61,273 00 

1882 62,860 99 

18S3 63,708 54 

1884 65,529 60 

1885 65,617 42 



1886 $67,254 52 

1887 69,336 62 

1888 7LI34 35 

1889 63,071 03 



REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. 

ANNUAL VALUATION OF REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY IN THE CITY AS EXHIBITED ON THE RECORDS OK THE 

GENERAL ASSESSORS. 



Year. 
1825 . 
1826.. 
1827.. 
1828. . 
1S29 . 
1830 . 
1831. . 

1832 . 

1833 . 
1834.. 

1835 • 
1836.. 

1837-- 

1838.. 

1839- 



Real Estate. 

$1,362,481 OO 

1,557,510 00 

1,653,353 OO 
1,861,448 OO 
1,867,471 OO 

1,949,009 00 

2,021,702 OO 
2,075,113 OO 
2,279,526 OO 
2,343,618 OO 

2,551,047 00 
3,029,256 00 

2,974,334 00 

3,238,627 00 
3.317,477 00 



Personal. Total Valuation. 

$1,780,662 00 $3,143,143 OO 
I,S52.l68 00 3,409,67s 00 



1,765,084 00 
1,748,299 OO 
1,687,158 00 
1,908,784 00 
2.103,055 OO 
2,146,490 00 
2,169,360 00 
2,156,775 00 
2,32s, 194 OO 
2,511,528 00 
2,246,244 OO 
2,257,642 00 
2,214,916 00 



3,418,437 00 
3,609,747 00 
3,554,629 00 
3.857.793 00 
4,124,757 00 

4,221,603 00 
4,448,886 00 
4.500,393 00 
4,879,241 00 
5,540,784 00 
5,220,578 00 
5,496,269 00 

5,532,393 00 



Year. 

1S40 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 



Real Estate. 
$3,374,205 00 
3,570,283 OO 
3.647,586 00 
3,526,549 00 
3,719,779 00 
3,837,997 00 

3,989,635 00 
4,201,942 00 
4,542,136 00 
4,627,704 00 
4,828,405 00 
8,347,861 00 

9,933,3 66 00 
10,103,090 00 
9,210.755 00 



Personal. 
$2,198,762 00 
3,024,912 OO 
2,900,427 00 
2,960,24s 00 
2,720,836 00 
2,938,326 00 
2,949,669 00 
3,160,352 00 
3,156,852 00 
3,170,830 00 
3,143,981 00 
4,263,926 00 
4,119,180 00 
4,822,455 00 
4,769,028 00 



Total Valuation. 

$5,572,967 OO 

6,595,195 OO 

6,548,013 00 

6,486,797 00 

6,440,615 00 

6,776,323 00 

6,939,304 00 

7,362,294 00 

7,698,988 00 

7,798,534 00 

7,972,386 00 

12,611,787 00 

14,052,546 00 

14,925,545 00 

13,979,783 00 



*This rate was based on the placing of property at what was considered its full value. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



347 









REAL AND PERSONAL 


PROPERTY — Contini 


ed. 




Year. 


Real Estate. 


Personal. 


Total Valuation. 


Year 


Real Estate. 


Personal. 


Total Valuation. 


1855... 


$9,133,853 


OO 


$5,173,812 OO 


$14, 307,665 


OO 


1S73 


. . $11,285,263 OO 


$3,878,660 00 


$15,163,923 00 


1856 .. 


8,545.720 


OO 


5,052,588 00 


13,598,308 


00 


1874 


. . . 1 1, 60S, 290 00 


3,833,555 OO 


15,441, S45 00 


1857... 


8,207,270 


00 


5,089,859 00 


13,297,129 


00 


1875 


. . . 11,734,360 00 


3,833,000 00 


15,579,355 00 


1858... 


7,919,520 


00 


4,899,675 00 


12,819,195 


00 


1S76 


. . . 11,796,038 00 


3,743,666 OO 


15,589,704 OO 


1859... 


7.937,575 


00 


4,915,715 00 


12,853,290 


00 


1877 


11,947,510 OO 


3,533,946 OO 


15,481,456 00 


i860 . . 


8,065,305 


00 


4,936,310 00 


13,001,615 


00 


1878 


. . . 11,978,930 00 


3,329,246 00 


I5,30S, 176 OO 


1861... 


8,162,500 


00 


4,917,180 00 


13,079.680 


00 


1S79 


. . . 12, 585,520 00 


3,222,076 00 


I5.S07.596 OO 


1862. . . 


8,028,989 


00 


4,838,089 00 


12,867,078 


00 


1 880 


. . . 12,644,475 00 


2,881,587 00 


15,526,062 OO 


1863 .. 


8,736,302 


00 


5,237,333 00 


13,973,635 


00 


1881 


. . . 12,798,550 OO 


2,804,709 00 


15.603,259 OO 


1864 . . 


8,978,124 


00 


5,633,144 00 


14,611,268 


00 


1882 


. . . 12,939,550 OO 


2,769,809 00 


15.709.359 °o 


1865... 


9.171,505 


00 


3,195,283 00 


12,366,788 


00 


1883 


12,978,265 00 


2,551,449 00 


I5;52g,7i4 00 


1866... 


9,271,445 


00 


5,438,636 00 


14,710,081 


00 


1884 


■ • • 13,053,17s 00 


2,458,511 00 


15,511,683 00 


1867... 


9,513,037 


00 


3,567,163 00 


13,082,200 


00 


1885*... 40,805,285 00 


5,855,637 00 


46,660,922 00 


186S... 


9,705,830 


00 


4,793,598 00 


14,499,428 


00 


1886 


• • • 4L734.239 00 


5,699,934 28 


47,434.173 28 


1869 . . 


10,535.585 


00 


5,649,591 00 


16,184,176 


00 


1887 


. . . 42,114,100 00 


5.733,130 36 


47.S47.230 36 


1870. .. 


10,654,413 


00 


5,363,465 00 


16,017,878 


00 


1888 


■ ■ • 42,454,445 00 


5,598,427 33 


48,052,872 33 


1S71 .. 


10,855,303 


00 


5,045,104 00 


15,900,407 


00 


1889 


. . . 42,697,09s 00 


5,484,294 40 


48,181,392 40 


1872. . . 


",130,573 


00 


4,238,786 00 


15,309,359 


00 


1890 


. . . 41,850,269 00 


5.198,587 66 


47,048,883 66 



ANNUAL RAIN FALL AT TROY. 



1826. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829 , 
1830.. 
1831., 
1832.. 
1833., 
1834.. 
1835.. 
1836.. 
1837., 
1838.. 



16 
81 
91 
34 
67 

83 
83 
49 
74 
55 
58 
34 
.No record. 



32 
46 
37 
38 
40. 

37 
45 
44 
25 
22 

33 
33 



1839 
1340 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844 



18.32 
29.21 
27.84 
29.56 
32.8S 
24.46 



1845 30.75 

1S46 37-48 

1S47 15-33 

1S4S 38.72 

1849 33-73 

1850 40.86 

1851 29.83 



(IN INCHES.) 



1852. 
1853. 
IS54- 



... 3I-89 

... 39.16 

... 31.02 

I855 41-23 



1856. 

1857- 
1858 

IS59 



36.79 
38.51 
36.28 
36.37 



i860 37-12 

1861 41-74 

1862 38.52 

1863 48.40 

1864 33.39 



1865 34.51 

1866 31.76 

1S67 37.06 

1868 42.41 

1869 ....... 48.05 

187O 41.98 

1871. 41-70 

1872 3912 

1873 39-41 

1S74 39-37 

1875 36.42 

1S76 38.19 

1877 32.90 



1878 49 

1879 42 

1880 27 

1881 36 

1882 33 

1883 39 

1884 38 

1S85 34 

1886: 34. 

1887 39 

18S8 44, 

1889 39 



23 
26 

65 
34 
76 
37 
90 

39 
01 
70 
66 

5i 



* Property was placed at what was considered its full value. 



co-pastors: 



CHAPTER XVII. 

MEMORABILIA AND STATISTICS. 
I 793-1 890. 

PASTORS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES. 

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Jonas Coe, D. D., June 25th, 1793, to July 21st, 1822. Theophilus Parsons Sawin, called April 6th, 18S6, in- 

Nathan S. S. Beman, D. D., LL. D., June 18th, 1823, stalled June 17th, 1886. 

to June 18th, 1863. 
Marvin R. Vincent, D. D., June iSth, 1863, to April 

17th, 1873. Robert R. Booth, D. D., November 30th, 1853, to June 

Geo. N. Webber, D. D., April 8th, 1874, to April, 1883. 14th, 1857. 

Kerr C.Anderson, D. D., called December 26th, 1SS3, Herrick Johnson, D. D., Jan. 28th, i860, to October 

installed Feb. 26th, 1884, resigned Sept. 28th, 1S85. 13th, 1862. 

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Mark Tucker, D. D., Oct. 31st, 1827, to May 2d, 1837. Jos. T. Duryea, D. D., May 19th, 1859, to March, 1862. 

Erastus Hopkins, Sept. 13th, 1837, to Oct. 14th, 1841. Daniel S. Gregory, August 8th, 1863, to December 8th, 

Chas. Wadsworth, Feb. 17th, 1842, to March 4th, 1850. 1866. 

Thomas P. Field, Nov. 14th, 1850, to April 15th, 1854. William Irvin, D. D., July nth, 1867, to March 23d, 

Elam Smalley, D. D., June 21st, 1854, to his death, 1887. 

July 30th, 185S. Hector Hall, installed November 17th, 1887. 

THIRD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Ebenezer Seymour, 1831. R. G. Hinsdale, i860 to 1861. 

Solomon J. Tracy, S. S., 1836. J. H. Robinson, 1S63 to 1864. 

John Sessions, S. S., 1844 to 1845. W. W. Page, 1865. 

Edward W. Andrews, S. S., 1849. Charles O. Thatcher, 1867 to 1868. 

I. B. Eastman, S. S., 1850. J. H. Noble, 1869 to 1870. 

Samuel Dunton, W. C, 1851, also in 1856. C. P. Evans, from August 1st, 1S83, to 1887. 

Alexander B. Bullions, W. C, 1858. Josiah Sill, 1887, to November 3d, 1889. 

A. A. Proudfit, S. S., 1859. H. G. Dean. 

Jacob G. Miller, 1859. 

SECOND STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

W. D. Snodgrass, D. D., October 3d, 1S34, to 1844. Charles E. Robinson, D. D., October 23d, 1867, to 1877. 

E. W. Andrews, September iSth, 1844, to 1848. Frederick G. Clark, D. D., April 1st, 187S, to April 

Ebenezer Halley, D. D., July 6th, 1848, to 1855. 29th, 1886. 

Duncan Kennedy, D. D., July nth, 1855, to 1867. Eben Halley, D. D., installed Dec. 15th, 1886. 

LIBERTY STREET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Henry Highland Garnett, 1841 to 184S. John Matthews, 1874. 

Edwin H. Freeman, 1850. William Lynch, 1876 to 1878. 

Benjamin Lynch, 1853 to 1855. J. A. Prime (supply), 1880 to 1881. 

J. C. Gibbs, 1855 to i860. W. C. Brown, 1882 to 1887. 

James N. Gloucester, i860 to 1861. A. S. Mays, installed December 7th, 18S7. 

Jacob A. Prime, 1863 to 1870. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 349 

FOURTH PRESBYTERIAN. CHURCH. 

Walter R. Long, 1842. Rev. Shubal G. Spees, installed November 19th, 1844. 

E. D. Maltbie, W. C, 1843. Asahel L. Brooks, installed September, 1847. 

PARK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Charles S. Robinson, 1855 to i860. Abner DeWitt, 1865 to 1S71. 

Gilbert H. Robertson, i860 to 1864. Donald MacGregor, May, 1872. 

WOODSIDE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
Matthew B. Lowrie, called July Sih, installed October Teunis S. Hamlin, installed September 28th, 1S71, to 
30th, 186S, to December 26th, 1870. September, 1S84. 

Arthur Huntington Allen, from February 8th, 1885. 

OAKWOOD AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

George Van Deurs, January, 1S6S, to 1872. George D. Adams, 1881. 

C. S. Durfee, 1S73 to 1S74. W. H. Sybrandt, 1882. 

George Van Deurs, 1876 to 1879. 

NINTH PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Ninian B. Remick, D. D., from October 28th, 1869, to Herbert C. Hinds, March 1, 1891. 
April 13th, 1890. 

WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
James Marshall, Nov. 2d, 1S71, to March 1st, 1872. Clarence Eddy, July 1st, 1875, to 1880. 

Thomas L. Sexton, May gth, 1S72, to July, 1875. George Fairlee, from September 22d, 1880. 

MOUNT IDA PRESBYTERIAN MEMORIAL CHURCH. 
Abner DeWitt, January 7th, 1872, to April 17th, 1877 George Edwin McLean, September, 1877, to 1S82. 
(day of his death). William Reed, from 1882. 

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

Peter Bullions, D. D., December 28th, 1836, to 1852; H. P. McAdam, July 20th, 1S65, to January nth, 1871. 
1853 to February 13th, 1S64 (when he died). R. D. Williamson, from February 6th, 1872. 

PASTORS OF THE BAPTIST CHURCHES. 

FIRST PARTICULAR BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Isaac Webb, 1803 to 1811. John Cookson, 1840 to 1842. 

Francis Wayland, sr., 1812 to 1816. Lorenzo O. Lovell, 1843. 

Charles G. Somers, 1816 to 1821. George C. Baldwin, D. D., Aug. 25th, 1844, to Nov. 

Leland Howard, 1823 to 1828. 6th, 1885. 

Peter Ludlow, jr., 1829. L. M. S. Haynes, D. D., April 1st, 1886. 

Benjamin M. Hill, 1830 to 1839. 

SECOND PARTICULAR BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Ebenezer S. Raymond, July, 1S34, to 1841. Charles F. Hopkins, 1882 to 1883. 

W. T. C. Hanna, April, 1870, to January 31st, 1880. H. B. Steelman, Sept. 1st, 1883, to Sept. 1st, 1889. 

L. S. Johnson, May 1st, 1880, to June 1st, 18S2. Arthur W. Wishart, from June, 1890. 

NORTH BAPTIST, OR FIFTH AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Leland Howard, June, 1843, to May 1st, 1S46. L. J. Matteson, January, 1876, to 1877. 

J. H. Walden, 1846, to October 15th, 1848. J. H. Griffith, April, 1S78, to October, 1883. 

J. G. Warren, D. D., February, 1849, to July, 1855. H. O. Hiscox, from May 1st, 1S84. 
C. P. Sheldon, D. D., Sept. 1st, 1S56, to Oct., 1875. 

VAIL (SIXTH) AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH. 
Ezra D. Simons, April 23d, 1871, to May 1st, 1876. J. W. Martin, 1880 to 1882. 

John Mostyn, July, 1876, to 1S77. George E. Weeks, April 14th, 1883, to 1889. 

Thomas Bickford, August, 1878, to 1879. w - s - s - Warden, March 13th, 1890, to April 1, 1891. 

SOUTH TROY BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Richard Davies, February 1st, 1870, to March, 1871. E. D. Phillips, 1881 to 1883. 

J. N. Smith, 1871, to January 1st, 1875. J. B. Nairn, September nth, 1887. 



35° 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



RECTORS OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 



ST. PAULS 

David Butler, D. D., elected Jul)' 2d, 1804, instituted 

June 18th, 1805, resigned April 26th, 1834. 
Robert B. Croes (assistant rector), elected November 

26th, 1829, began his ministrations March 2d, 1830, 

resigned January 30th, 1831. 
Isaac Peck (assistant rector), elected August 27th, 

1S31, began his ministrations December 4th, elected 

rector April 26th, 1S34, resigned Dec. 12th, 1S36. 
Alonzo Potter, D. D. (officiated), 1836-1S37 (made 

Bishop of Pennsylvania in 1845). 
Robert Boyd Van Kleeck, D. D., elected October 16th, 

1S37, instituted Nov. 19th, resigned Feb. 6th, 1S54. 
Thomas W. Coit, D. D., LL. D., elected March 20th, 

1S54, accepted April 17th, began his ministrations 

April 30th, resigned September 20th. 1S72. 
Eliphalet N. Potter, D. D. (associate rector), began 

his ministrations March 1st, 1869, resigned April 

2d, 1872. 
Francis Harison, D. D., called May 4th, 1S73, accepted 

May 21st, began his ministrations June 1st, instituted 

October 2Sth, died December 29th, 1885. 
H. Ashton Henry (assistant minister), priest in charge, 

January 1st, 1886, to March 24th, 1887. 
Edgar A. Enos, from April 24th, 1887. 

ASSISTANT MINISTERS: 

William G. Spencer, October nth, 1S54, to 1855. 
George C. Pennel, Oct. nth, 1S55, to July nth, 1856. 
Thos. Brinley Fogg. July nth, 1856, to July nth, 1857. 
John Scarborough, July 19th. 1857, to July Sth, 1S60 
(made bishop of New Jersey in 1875). 

sr. John's 
John A. Hicks, May, 1S31, to January, 1832. 
Herman Hooker, November, 1S32, to September, 1833. 
Henry R. Judah, 1833 to 1836. 
Gordon Winslow, September, 1836, to 1837. 
Richard Cox, October, 1837, to May, 1844. 
William H. Walter, September, 1S44, to April, 1846. 
A. B. Carter, May 30th, 1846, to September, 1847. 
Edward Lounsberry, September, 1847, to March, 1S54. 
Richard Temple, July, 1S54, to September, 1856. 
J. Brinton Smith, December, 1856, to February, 1S59. 
Henry C. Potter, D. D., May, 1859, to May, 1866. 
George H. Walsh, D. D.. July, 1S66, to May, 1876. 



CHURCH. 

Edgar Tefft Chapman, July 15th, i860, to 1862. 

F. Wainwright, 1862 to 1863. 

George Worthington, 1S64, to January 2d, 1865 (made 

bishop of Nebraska in 1885). 
Charles A. HMbrook, September 24th, 1866, to 1867. 
Richard S. Adams (officiated at St. Paul's Free Chapel), 

November 9th, 1S69, to July 5th, 1870. 
F. S. Luther, 1S71 to 1S72. 
Walker Gwynne (officiated at St. Paul's Free Chapel), 

October, 1S72, to March 1st, 1876. 
George W. Shinn, October 10th, 1S73, to Tan. 9th, 1875. 
Francis A. Shoup, January gth, 1875, to June, 1875. 
Alexander McMillan, 1874, to April 16th, 1877*. 
William C. Prout (officiated at St. Paul's Free Chapel), 

July 15th, 1S76, to June 16th, 1S7S. 
William M. Pickslay, June gth, 1S77, to 1S78. 
Pelham Williams, S. T. D. (officiated at St. Paul's 

Free Chapel), December 21st, 1879, to Ian. 6th, 1S81. 
Henry T. Leslie, 1879. 
Johannes Rockstroh (in charge of St. Paul's German 

congregation), July 1st, 18S1, to July 1st, 1SS5. 
Arthur B. Moorhouse, 1SS4 to 1885. 
Julius G. Erhardt (in charge of St. Paul's German 

congregation), July 1st, 18S5, to April, 1886. 
H. Ashton Henry (priest in charge of St. Paul's 

parish), January 1st, iS36, to March 24th, 18S7. 
George R. Savage, February 12th, to October Sth, 1SS8. 
E. D. G. Tompkins, Oct. 14th, iSSS, to April 21st, 1889. 
Philip W. Mosher, from April 2Sth, 1SS9, to Jan. 26, 

1891. 
CHURCH. 

Frank L. Norton, D. D., November 1st, 1876, to 

August 1st, 1S80. 
Thaddeus A. Snively, March 1st, 18S1, to present time. 

ASSISTANT MINISTERS. 

James Caird, October, 1S70, to January 1st, 1873. 

William M. Barker, 1S77 to 1880. 

George F. Breed, 18S0. 

Hobart Cooke, February 5th, 1882, to April 1st, 1883. 

John B. Harding, 1883 to 1884. 

Henry Macbeth, June 22d, 1S84, to October 22d, 1S85. 

E. D. G. Tompkins, November, 1S85, to 1887. 



CHRIST CHURCH. 



William F. Walker, December 29th, 1S36, to November 

5th, 1839. 
Edward Ingersoll, March 16th, 1S40, to June 2d, 1842. 
Robert B. Fairbairn, August 7th, 1843, to November 

14th, 1848 (now warden of St. Stephen's College, 

Annandale, N. Y.) 
Thomas Alfred Starkey, Feb. 27th, 1850, to Feb. 1st, 

1S54 (made bishop of Northern New Jersey in 1SS0). 
James Mulchahey, March 30th, 1854, to Oct. 4th, i860. 



Eaton W. Maxcy, jr., April 14th, 1861, to July 12th, 

1864. 
Joseph N. Mulford, October 2d, 1864, to Jan. 1st, 1886. 
Eaton W. Maxcy, D. D., from January 3d, 1886. 

ASSISTANT MINISTERS. 

Rev. Edward D. Cooper, 1853. 
Hobart Cooke, 1883. 

H. Ashton Henry, December 1st, 1SS4, to January' 
1st, 1886. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



551 



CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS. 

John Ireland Tucker, D. D., from December 25th, 1844. 

FREE CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION. 

James Caird, from January 1st, 1S73. 

st. luke's church. 



E. Soliday Widdemer, called March 27th, 1867, re- 
signed September 27th, 1870. 

George W. Shinn, called November 6th, 1S70, resigned 
September 6th, 1873. 

Samuel E. Smith, called October 6th, 1873, resigned 
June 16th, 1874. 

Daniel G. Anderson, called December iSth, 1874, re- 
signed December 30th, 1875. 



John W. H. Weibel, called March 22d, 1876, resigned 
March 14th, 1878. 

James B. Wasson, called July 28th, 1878, resigned 
October 5th, 1880. 

R. G. Hamilton, accepted call October 13th, 1SS0, re- 
signed January 27th, 1886. 

Rev. J. O. Lincoln, May 16th, 1SS6, to May 16th, 1890. 

William B. Bolmer, called August 19th, 1890. 



ST. BARNABAS CHAPEL. 

Pelham Williams, D. D., from January 6th, 1SS1, to William D. Martin, from October 7th, 1888, to 1891. 
May 14th, 1888. George A. Holbrook, February Sth, 1891. 

PASTORS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. 



Michael Coates, 1800, Circuit 

Preacher. 
Elias Vanderlip, 1802, Circuit 

Preacher. 
Elijah Chichester, 1805, Circuit 

Preacher. 
Datus Ensign, 1S06, Circuit 

Preacher. 
Laban Clark, 1807, Circuit Preacher. 
Henry Eames, Circuit Preacher. 
James M. Smith, 1809, Circuit 

Preacher. 
William Phoebus, 1810. 
Lewis Pease, 1810. 
Smith Arnold, 1811. 
Peter P. Sanford, 1812. 
Laban Clark, 1813 to 1814. 
Tobias Spicer, 1815 to 1816. 
Samuel Luckey. 1S17 to 1818. 
William Ross, 1819 to 1820. 
Benjamin Griffin, 1S21 to 1822. 

Abiathar M. Osbon, 1831 to 1832. 
Edwin F. Whiteside, 1S32 to 1833. 
Aaron Hall, 1853 to 1855. 
Jeremiah S. Hart, 1855 to 1S57. 
Samuel Hewes, 1857 to 1859. 
E. S. Stout, 1859 to i860. 
Z. Phillips, i860 to 1861. 

N 
S. D. Ferguson, 1835 to 1836. 
Charles Sherman, 1836 to 1838. 
Peter C. Oakley, 183S to 1839. 
Noah Levings, 1839 to 1840. 



state street church. 

Noah Bigelow, 1823. 

James M. Smith, 1824 to 1825. 

Stephen Martindale, 1826 to 1827. 

Samuel Merwin, 1828 to 1829, as- 
sisted in 1829 by the Rev. John 
Tackaberry. 

John B. Stratton, 1830 to 1831. 

Buel Goodsell, 1832 to 1833. 

Noah Levings, 1834 to 1S35. 

Truman Seymour, 1836 to 1837. 

Stephen Remington, 1838 to 1839. 

Charles P. Clarke, 1840 to 1841. 

Noah Levings, 1S42. 

James Covel, jr., 1843 to 1844, as- 
sisted by John W. Lindsay. 

Luman A. Sandford, 1845 to 1846, 
A. W. Garvin, associate. 

Allen Steele. 1847 to 1848. 

Zephaniah N. Lewis, 1849 10 1850. 

Stephen D. Brown, 1851 to 1852. 

Lester Janes, 1853. 

PAWLING AVENUE (ALBIA) CHURCH. 

Lorenzo Barber, 1861 to 1862. 
G. H. Gregory, 1862 to 1863. 
W. H. Hughes, 1863 to 1865. 
C. M. Pegg, 1865 to 1868. 
J. W. Thompson, 1868 to 1869. 
J. K. Wager, 1869 to 1870. 
G. C. Bancroft, 1871 to 1872. 



Halsey W. Ransom, 1854 to 1855. 
Stephen Parks, 1856 to 1S57. 
Joseph K. Cheeseman, 1858 to 1859 
IraG. Bidwell, i860 to 1861, assisted 

by Prof. C. T. Lewis. 
Charles W. Cushing, 1862 to 1863. 
Stephen D. Brown, 1864. 
Erastus Wentworth, 1865 to 1867. 
George W. Brown, 1S68 to 1870. 
William H. Hughes, 1871 to 1873. 
Henry D. Kimball, 1S74 to 1S77. 
George J. Brown, 1877 to 1880. 
Wm. J. Stevenson, D. D., 1880 to 

1882. 
Ensign McChesney, Ph. D., 1S82 to 

1885. 
J. E. C. Sawyer, 1885 to 1888. 
Geo. W. Brown, D. D., from 18S8 to 

1890. 
J. W. Thompson, from iSgo. 



W. B. Osgood, 1872 to 1874. 
Egbert A. Braman, 1874 to 1877. 
A. C. Rose, 1877 to 1880. 
W. H. Groat, 1880 to 1883. 
A. S. Clark, 1SS3 to 1S84. 
J. C. Russum, 1884 to 1S87. 
J. H. Clark, from 1887. 



rH SECOND STREET (FIFTH AVENUE) CHURCH. 

Henry L. Starks, 1S40 to 1842. Stephen L. Stillman, 1844 to 1846. 

Merritt Bates, 1S42 to 1843. Sanford Washburn, 1846 to 1848. 

Chas. Sherman, 1843 to 1844 (died (A. W. Garvin, asso'te, 1847 to 1849). 

March 10th, 1844). Benjamin Pomeroy, 184S to 1849. 



S52 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



NORTH SECOND STREET (FIFTH AVENUE) CHURCH — Continued. 



William A. Miller, 1S49 to 1851. 
Berea O. Meeker, 1851 to 1S53. 
Stephen D. Brown, 1853 to 1855. 
L. D. Stebbins, 1855 to 1S57. 
Albinus Johnson, 1857 to 1858. 
J. F. Yates, 1858 to i860. 

J. W. Belknap, 1851 to 1852. 
Tobias Spicer, 1852 to 1853. 
Aaron Hill, 1853 to 1855. 
Jeremiah S. Hart, 1855 t0 1857. 
Samuel Hewes, 1857 to 1859. 
E. S. Stout, 1859 to i860. 
Z. Phillips, i860 to 1S61. 

Oliver Emerson, 1846 to 1S47. 

E. Noble, 1847 to 1849. 

A. A. Farr and L. Marshall, 1849 

to 1850. 
C. R. Ford, 1850 to 1851. 
J. W. Belknap, 1851 to 1853. 
John M. Weaver, 1853 to 1854. 
Jeremiah Hall, 1854 to 1855. 
M. B. Mead, 1855 to 1856. 



F. W. Dinger, 1857 to 1858. 
John Swahlen, 185S to i860. 
George Abele, i860 to 1S62. 
Julius Seidel, 1862 to 1864. 
J. C. Deininger, 1864 to 1866. 

Edward Noble, 1847 to 1849. 
A. A. Farr, 1849 to 1851. 
L. Marshall, 1849 to 1850. 
E. Goss, 1851 to 1853. 
Seymour Coleman, 1853 to 1855. 
H. Blanchard, 1855 to 1857. 
C. F. Burdick, 1857 to 1859. 

Reuben Gregg, 1855 to 1856. 
Homer Eaton, 1857 to 185S. 
C. Morgan, 1858 to 1859. 
A. Viele, 1859 to 1861. 
Seymour Coleman, 1861 to 1863. 
R. R. Meredith, 1864 to 1865. 
Myron White, 1865 to 1866. 

John Dungy, 1831 to 1835. 

John A. Williams, 1842, 

Richard Noyes, 1S44 to 1846; 1848 

to 1850. 
John A. Williams, 1857 to 1859. 



Sanford Washburn, 1S60 to 1862. 
Erastus Wentworth, D. D., 1862 to 

1S65. 
John W. Carhart, 1865 to 1868. 
James M. King, 1S68 to 1871. 
Hiram C. Sexton, 1871 to 1873. 

LEVINGS CHAPEL. 

S. P. Williams, 1861 to 1863. 
Hiram C. Sexton, 1863 to 1865. 
Robert Fox, 1865 to 1867. 
George C. Morehouse, 1S67 to 1869. 
Charles F. Noble, 1869 to 1872. 
John W. Quinlan, 1872 to 1874. 
William Bedell, 1874 to 1877. 

THIRD STREET CHURCH. 

Elon Foster, 1856 to 1S57. 

D. W. Dayton, 1857 to 1859. 

E. Goss, 1859 to 1861. 

R. T. Wade, 1861 to 1863. 
D. Lytle, 1863 to 1865. 
D. T. Elliott, 1865 to 1867. 

C. M. Pegg, 1867 to 1868. 

M. Alverson Senter, 1868 to 1871. 
S. W. Edgerton, 1871 to 1872. 

FIRST GERMAN CHURCH. 
G. Mayer, 1866 to 1869. 
Julius Seidel, 1869 to 1870. 
Joseph Kindler, 1870 to 1873. 
Peter A. Moelling, D. D., 1873 to 
1876. 

TRINITY CHURCH. 

A. T- Jutkins, 1859 to 1861. 

D. P. Hulburd, 1861 to 1863. 
George C. Wells, 1S63 to 1865. 
Ensign Stover, 1865 to 1868. 
M. Hulburd, 186S to 1870. 

G. W. Fitch, 1S70 to 1872. 
Samuel Meredith, 1872 to 1873. 

GRACE (VAIL AVENUE) CHURCH. 

M. Hulburd, 1866 to 1868. 

E. Stover, 1868 to 1869. 
G. W. Fitch, 1S69 to 1870. 
J. W. Tucker, 1870 to 1871. 
D. T. Elliott, 1S71 to 1872. 
C. F. Noble, 1872 to 1S75. 
William J. Tilley, 1S75 to 187S. 

ZION CHURCH. 

Jacob Thomas, 1864 to 1S68. 
William H. Decker, 1S69 to 1872. 
J. G. Smith, 1S72 to 1S74. 
Joseph P. Thompson, 1874 t0 !877- 
James H. Anderson, 1877 to 1880. 



Samuel Meredith, 1873 to 1876. 
H. C. Farrar, 1876 to 1879. 
Henry Graham, 1S79 t0 1882. 
H. C. Farrar, 1S82 to 1885. 
Henry Graham, D. D., 1885 to 1888. 
J. H. Coleman, from 1S88. 



H. W. Slocum, 1877 to 1879. 
Samuel Meredith, 1S79 to 1882. 
C. A. S. Heath, 1882 to 1885. 
C. R. Hawley, 1885 to 1888. 
Charles Edwards, from 1888. 



B. M. Hall, 1872 to 1873. 

Wilbur F. Sanford (also Hoosick 

Street) 1873 to 1874. 
George C. Bancroft, 1S74 to 1877. 
J. W. Belknap, 1878. 
Edgar H. Brown, 1884 to 1887. 
J. P. Haller, 1SS7 to 1888. 
J. H. Robinson, 1888 to 1889. 
J. C. Simmons, from 1889. 



F. G. Gratz, 1876 to 1879. 
Julius F. Seidel, 1879 to 1882. 
John G. Lutz, 1882 to 1885. 
W. H. Kurth, 1885 to 1888. 
Frederick W. Bose, from 18S8 



A. F. Bailey, 1873 to 1876. 
John E. Bowen, 1876 to 1879. 
George Skene, 1879 to 1882. 

B. B. Loomis, 1882 to 1885. 
P. L. Dow, 1885 to 1888. 
John W. Bennett, from 1888. 



J. K. Wager, 1878 to 1881. 
J. G. Fallon, 1881 to 1S84. 
S. M. Williams, 18S4 to 1887. 
James L. Atwell, 1887 to 1890. 
F. Widmer, from 1S90. 



William H. Decker, 1S80 to 1882. 
T. O. R. Williams, 1882 to 1885. 
Samuel C. Birchmore, 1885 to 1888. 
George E. Smith, from 1888. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



-> r -> 



PASTORS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. 



ST. PETERS CHURCH. 

P. McGilligan, 1825 to 1827. Philip O'Reiley, 1S47 to 1S49. 

John Shanahan, 1827 to 1842. John Curry, 1S49 to 1S51. 

Peter Havermans, June 3d, 1842, to Michael McDonnell, 1851 to 1S55. 



1845. 
Francis Donohue, 1845. 



James Keveny, 1861 to 1SS0. 
Patrick A. Ludden, May, 1880, to 

1S87. 
John Walsh, from March 1st, 1887. 



Peter Verheyden, 1S4S to 1S52. 
August Thebaud, 1852 to i860. 
Joseph Loyzance, i860 to 1863. 

Maglore F. Turcotte, 1852 to 1855. 
George J. Browne, 1S69 to 1875. 

Peter Havermans, 1S61 to 1S66. 
Henry Herfkens, 1867 to 1872. 
F. Francis, 1873 to 1875. 

P. Puissant, 1868 to 1869. 
Father Drolshagen, 1869. 
Norbert Stoller, 1870. 



Thomas Daley, 1855 to 185S. 
Clarence A. Walworth, 1S5S to 1861. 

ST. mary's church. 
Peter Havermans, from December, 1843. 

John McOuaid, from Aug. 24th, 1S8S. 



ST. JOSEPH S CHURCH. 
August Thebaud, 1863 to 1868. 
M. Driscoll, 1868 to 1876. 
Joseph Loyzance, 1S76 to 1888. 



CHURCH OF ST. JEAN BAPTISTE. 

G. Huberdault, 1875 to 1880. 
R. J. Coste, 1880 to 1883. 

ST. FRANCIS' CHURCH. 
William J. Burke, 1S75 to 1S76. 
W. A. Drum, 1877 to 1882. 
Charles A. Reilly, 1883 to 1S87. 

ST. LAWRENCE'S CHURCH. 
Henry C. Lipowsky, 1S70. 
P. Puissant, 1S71. 
Joseph Ottenhues, 1S71 to 1S79. 

ST. PATRICK'S CHURCH. 

John Joseph Swift, from 1871. 



Joseph Charette, 1883 to 1889. 

I. B. S. St. Onge, from March 1, 1S89. 

Joseph F. Leonard, from March 1st, 
1887. 



Bernard Schoppe, June 1st, 1879, to 

February 14th, 18S9. 
J. H. Cluever, 1889. 



Michael Driscoll, S. J. 
1S76. 



ST. MICHAELS CHURCH. 

1872 to Michael Flynn, assistant, 1878 to Peter Cooney, assistant, 1882. 
1879. P. McQuaid, 1883 to 1884. 

John Fitzpatrick, assistant, 1876 to Francis Marechal, assistant, 1S80 Michael Nash, 1885 to 1887. 
1878. to 1SS1. John B. Nagle, 1888. 

James Flood, 1889. 

ST. PAUL THE APOSTLE'S CHURCH. 

William O'Mahony, from July 20th, 1S90. 
PASTORS OF THE FIRST UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. 



Lemuel Willis, 1823. 

Barsilla Streeter, Adolph Skinner, 

Benjamin Whittemore, 1829 to 

1830. 
L. L. Saddler, Clement F. Lefevre, 

1832 to 1833. 
Menzies Raynor, 1836. 
Lewis C. Browne, 1837 to 1839. 
Henry B. Soule, 1S40 to 1842. 



Charles C. Burr, 1843 to 1844. 
John Moore, 1845 to 1846. 
W. H. Waggoner, 1847 to 1848. 
Josiah C. Waldo, 1849 to 1S54. 
John N. Parker, 1S54 to 1S61. 
James M. Pullman, D. D., 1861 to 

1868. 
J. Murray Bailey, 1869. 
L. M. Burrington, 1870 to 1871. 



A. B. Hervey, D. D., 1872 to 1S79. 
Charles A. Conklin, 1879 to 1SS2. 
William Taylor, 1882, to November 

15th, 1884. 
F. A. Dillingham, 1885, to July, 1886. 
O. F. Safford, D. D , 18S6, to October, 

1889. 
James D. Corby, D. D., from Dec. 

1st, 1880. 



PASTORS OF THE FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH 

John Pierpont, August, 1845, to August, 1S49. 
William Silsbee, Joseph Angier, 1851 to 1853. 
Edgar Buckingham. April 27th, 1S53, to 1867. 
Newton N. Mann, 1S69. 
H. L. Cargill, 1871. 

45 



George H. Young, April, 1S72, to October, 1876. 
William H. Fish, jr., 1S77 to 1S85. 
W. H. Spencer, September 1st, 18S5, to 188S. 
Joseph Waite, from April, 1889. 



354 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



W. A. Belding, 1866 to 1872. 

Levi Osborn, 1872. 

W. A. Belding, 1873. 

W. H. Rogers, 1874 to 1875. 



PASTORS OF THE CHURCH OF CHRIST. 

(FIRST) CHURCH OF CHRIST. 

Joseph Bradford Cleaver, 1S76 to W. T. Mason, 1S80 to 1883. 

1877. Samuel Rohrer, 1883 to 18S4. 

O. F. Bartholomew, 1877 to 1878. R. W. Stancill, 1SS4 to 1887. 

Charles Robertson, 1879 to 1880. W. W. Witman, from 1887. 



(SECOND) CHURCH OF CHRIST. 

R. W. Stancill, from March 10th, 1887, to 1890. T. R. Bridges. 

TRINITY GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. 

Theodore Maas, September 3d, 1871, to May 15th, 1873. H. Beiderbecke, October 31st, 1882, to 1886. 
F. Goessling, June 15th, 1873, to Oct. 15th, 1882. A. F. Walz, from September, 1886. 



PASTORS OF THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH. 



William V. Gerichten, two years. 
Victor Broesel, twenty-one months. 



ST. PAUL S CHURCH. 

E. Seeger, from December 3d, 
1883, to 18S8. 



Otto Becher, 1888 to 1890. 
Edward Furhmann, 1890. 



RABBIS AND READERS OF THE JEWISH SYNAGOGUES. 

BERITH SHOLOM. 



RABBIS. 
Bernard Eberson, 1870 to 1871. 

A. N. Coleman, from April 1st, 1879, to July 1st, 1890. 
H. Veld, from September 1st, 1890. 



READERS. 

H. G. Solomon, 1864. 
Louis Neusted, 1S64 to 1865. 
Moses Blume, 1S70 to 1878. 



BETH ISRAEL BICKUR CHOLOM. 
READERS. 

Bernstein A. Chellock, Hermand Adolph Pollak, 1874 to 1S76. J. Levy, 1882. 

Lovenstein, 1873. Elias Phillips, 1880 to 18S1. Elias Phillips, from 1882. 

SHAARE TF.PHILLA. 

Reader, Rev. Isaac Berkowitch, from 18S5 to 1S90. 



BANK OFFICERS. 

FARMERS' BANK, 180I-1865. 
PRESIDENTS. 

John D. Dickinson, April gth, 1801, Jas. Van Schoonhoven, 1842 to 1853. 

to 1828. John T. McCoun, 1853 to 1861. 

Townsend McCoun, 182S to 1835. • E. Thompson Gale, February 7th, 
Gurdon Corning, 1835 to 1S42. 1861, to 1865. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Esaias Warren, 1811 to 1S29. 
Stephen Warren, 1829 to 1847. 
Nathan Dauchy, 1847 to 1853. 



BANK OF TROY, 181I-1865. 
Joseph M. Warren, 1853 to 1865. 
CASHIERS. 

Alanson Douglass, 1811 to 1828. 
Stephen R. Warren, 1S2S to 1831. 



CASHIERS. 

Hugh Peebles, April 9th, 1801, to 

182-. 
Jas. Van Schoonhoven, 182- to 1837. 
Philander Wells, 1837 to 1858. 
Charles P. Hartt, 1858 to 1865. 



Thaddeus W. Patchin, 1831 to 1837. 
John Paine, 1837 to 1852. 
John P. Nazro, 1852 to 1856. 
Tracy Taylor, 1856 to 1865. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



355 



PRESIDENTS. 

Townsend McCoun, August ist, 1823, to September 

21st, 1834 (death). 
Richard P. Hart, October 6th, 1834, to October 7th, 

1839 (resignation). 
Stephen Warren, October 7th, 1839, to May nth, 1847 

(death). 
Gurdon Corning, October 6th, 1847, to July 19th, 1850 

(resignation). 
Jared S. Weed, July 22d, 1850, to August ist, 1870 

(resignation). 
Charles B. Russell, August ist, 1870, to December 

31st, 1886 (resignation). 
Derick Lane, from December 31st, 1886. 

SECRETARIES AND ACCOUNTANTS. 

John Paine, Secretary, August ist, 1823, to October 

5th, 1829. 
James Van Schoonhoven, treasurer and accountant. 

August 8th, 1823, to October 4th, 1S24. 
Philander Wells, assistant accountant, August 8th, 

1823, to October 4th, 1824. 
Jacob L. Lane, secretary and accountant, Oct. 5th, 1829. 
Frederick Leake, February 5th, 1846. 
Ferdinand Suydam, July 25th, 1850. 
A. R. Smith, August ist, 1851. 
Joseph J. Tillinghast, October 27th, 1851. 
Charles B. Russell, October 4th, 1855. 
Wm. M. Corning, assistant accountant, Oct. 7th, 1869. 
Charles N. Lockwood, secretary and accountant, July 



TROY SAVINGS BANK, 1823. 

Charles N. Lockwood, secretary and treasurer, Nov. 

4th, 1875. 
William M. Corning, accountant, November 4th, 1875. 
Isaac W. Crissey, secretary and treasurer, August 21st, 

1886, resigned November ist, 1887. 
Charles E. Hanaman, secretary and treasurer, from 

February gth, 1888. 

TRUSTEES, FEBRUARY I5TH, I89O. 

Derick Lane, October 4th, 1866. 

Thomas W. Lockwood, October 10th, 1867. 

Charles W. Tillinghast, April Sth, 1869. 

Charles B. Russell, July 7th, 1870. 

Henry C. Lockwood, October 6th, 1870, died February 

15th, 1890. 
Derick L. Boardman, December gth, 1875. 
George H. Cramer, February Sth, 1877. 
William H. Doughty, April loth, 1879. 
Samuel B. Sanford, July 10th, 1879. 
William A. Thompson, May 6th, 1880. 
John A. Manning, January 6th, 1881. 
John M. Corliss, May 5th, 1881. 
Walter P. Warren, June 7th, 1885. 
Norman B. Squires, October 7th, 1S85. 
Henry B. Dauchy, April 7th, 1887. 
Edward C. Gale, October 6th, 1887. 
George A. Stone, June 6th, 1889. 
John Wool Griswold, September 5th, 1889. 
Francis N. Mann, jr., November 7th, 1889. 
The Mayor of the City of Troy, ex-officio. 



7th, 1870. 

MERCHANTS AND MECHANICS' BANK, 1829-1878. 

presidents. D. Thomas Vail, Oct. 29th, 1857, Charles S. Douglass, 1837 to 1851. 

George Vail, 1829 to 1851. to 1878. Tracy Taylor, 1851 to 1856. 

D. Thomas Vail, 1851 to 1856. cashiers. Francis Sims, 1856 to 187S. 

John Kerr, 1S56 to 1S57. Alanson Douglass, 1829 to 1837. 

TROY CITY NATIONAL BANK. 

(Troy City Bank, 1S33-1865.) 
(Troy City National Bank, 1865.) 

TELLERS. 

Harrison Durkee, Oct. 5th, 1833, to Aug. ist, 1835. 
William Stimpson, Aug. ist, 1835, to Match 1st, 1839. 
Charles P. Hartt, March 15th, 1839, to Dec. 31st, 1841. 
Tracy Taylor, December 31st, 1841, to May 31st, 1847. 
Charles P. Hartt, April ist, 1847, to March 24th, 1851. 
George F. Sims, 1S51, to June 23d, 1862. 

Oscar E. Van Zile, July 21st, 1862, to Sept. 28th, 1885. 
Abram N. Belcher, from October 14th, 1S85. 

DIRECTORS ELECTED JANUARY I4TH, 189O. 
Charles Cleminshaw, William H. Doughty, John I. 
Thompson, George A. Stone, Samuel B. Sanford, 
John Don, Henry H. Darling, John A. Manning, 
David M. Greene, James K. P. Pine, William H. 
Frear, Howard H. Burden, Charles A. McLeod. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Richard P. Hart, July loth, 1833, to Dec. 28th, 1843. 
George B. Warren, sr., February 5th, 1844, to October 

29th, 1857. 
John A. Griswold, October 29th, 1857, to November 

ist, 1872. 
Hannibal Green, Jan. 20th, 1873, to March 29th, 1875. 
John B. Pierson, April 21st, 1S75, to Aug. 12th, 1885. 
George A. Stone, from September 28th, 1885. 

CASHIERS. 

George R. Davis, July 10th, 1833, to October 5th, 1833. 
Silas K. Stow, September 28th, 1833, to June 23d, 1862. 
George F. Sims, June 23d, 1862, to Feb. 10th, 1873. 
George A. Stone, Feb. 15th, 1873, to Sept. 2Sth, 1885. 
Oscar E. Van Zile, from September 28th, 1885. 



356 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Robert D. Silliman, 1S39 to 1847. 
Elias Plum, 1847 to 1862. 



COMMERCIAL BANK, 1839-1862. 
CASHIERS. 

Frederick Leake, 1839 to 1853. 
Charles R. Richards, 1853 to 1855. 



Frederick Leake, 1S55 to 1862. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Joel Mallary, Dec. 2Sth, 1850, to September 22d, 1S57. 
Ludlow A. Battershall, Sept. 22d, 1857, to December 

4th, 1866. 
William F. Sage, January 15th, 1867, to Oct. 23d, 1870. 
Hiram Smith, November 1st, 1S70, to March 3d, 1881. 
William Gurley, March 15th, 1S81, to Jan. 10th, 1887. 
Lewis E. Gurley, from January 14th, 1887. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 
John Kerr, December 2Sth, 1850, to April Sth, 1851. 
William F. Sage, April 8th, 185-1, to Jan. 15th, 1S67. 
Hiram Smith, January 15th, 1867, to Nov. 1st, 1870. 
John M. Corliss, from November 1st, 1S70. 

CASHIERS. 

Pliny M. Corbin, Feb. 28th, 1851, to Nov. 30th, 1874. 



UNION NATIONAL BANK. 

(Union Bank, 1S51-1865.) 
(Union National Bank, 1865.) 

A. R. Smith, from December 1st, 1874. 

TELLERS. 

Willard Gay, March 25th, 1851, to May 4th, 1S52. 
Geo. M. Wheeler, May 4th, 1852, to March 29th, 1S53. 
Abraham Russell, March 29th to August 23d, 1S53. 
John H. Neher, Sept. 6th, 1853, to October 26th, 185S. 
A. R. Smith, Nov. 1st, 1858, to December 1st, 1874. 
Henry Wheeler, from December 1st, 1874. 

DIRECTORS ELECTED JANUARY I4TH, 189O. 

Elias G. Dorlon, Alfred Mosher, Elias Kehn, A. C. 
Fellows, Thomas W. Lockwood, John M. Corliss, S. 
R. Clexton, Lewis E. Gurley, Liberty Gilbert, G. H. 
Freeman, Charles E. Conkey, Isaac G. Flack, Charles 
E. Hanaman. James H. Nichols; died Nov. 21st; A. 
R. Smith. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Ralph J. Starks, April 26th to August 28th, 1852. 
Alfred Wotkyns, August 2Sth, 1852, to Jan. 15th, 1S6S. 
Henry Ingram, January 15th, 1S6S, to Jan. 31st, 1S83. 
Charles Warner, January 31st, 1SS3, to Jan. 16th, 1S87. 
Willard Gay, from February 1st, 1887. 

CASHIERS. 

Willard Gay, April 26th, 1852, to February 1st, 1887. 
Julius S. Hawley, from February 1st, 1S87. 

TELLERS. 
Charles M. Wellington, August 12th, 1S52, to February 

15th, 1858. 
E. D. Barton, 1858, to April, 1861. 
Daniel W. Ford, from April. 1861. 



NATIONAL STATE BANK. 

(State Bank, 1852-1865.) 
(National State Bank, 1865.) 

DIRECTORS, JANUARY 1ST, 189O. 
Henry Ingram, April 14th, 1S52; died Aug. 10th. 
Lyman R. Avery, January 19th, 1853, died August 

8th, 1890. 
Willard Gay, April 12th, 1853. 
Luther R. Graves, January 10th, 1855. 
John J. Joslin, January Sth, 1878; died Sept. 22d . 
Ebenezer Warner, May 12th, 1SS0. 
Tom. S. Wotkyns, December 1st, 1880. 
Albert E. Bonesteel, January 31st, 1883. 
Thomas Col well, January 7th, 1885. 
Willard F. Gay, January nth, 1887. 
Julius S. Hawley, April 7th, 1887. 
R. Edson Starks, January 25th, 1S88. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Arba Read, 1852 to 1856. 

Roger A. Flood, January 5th, 1856, to 1864. 

Thomas Symonds, March 15th, 1864, to Jan. 9th, 1877. 

Henry E.Weed, Jan. gth, 1877, to Jan. gth, 1883. 

George P. Ide, from January gth, 18S3. 

CASHIERS. 
John S. Christie, 1852 to 1856. 
Charles P. Hartt, 1856, to February 9th, 1S58. 
Chas. M.Wellington, Feb. gth, 1858, to Sept. 14th, 1882. 
Samuel O. Gleason, from September 15th, 1882. 



MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL BANK. 

(Manufacturers' Bank, 1852-1864.) 
(Manufacturers' National Bank, 1S64.) 

TELLERS. 

W. C. Hart, 1852, to May 3d, 1S56. 
Elijah S. House, June 3d, 1856, to 1863. 
J. D. Bancroft, 1863 to 1864. 
A. R. Moore, 1864, to September, 1S82. 
D. H. Humphrey, from April 16th, 1883. 

DIRECTORS. 

Henry E. Weed, August 14th, 1855. 

Joseph Hillman, August 12th, 1856; died June 14th, 

1890. 
Edward Murphy, j'r., January 13th, 1874. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



357 



manufacturers' national bank — Continued. 
Samuel O. Gleason, January 13th, 1874. D. F. Magill, January 12th, 1886. 

George P. Ide, January nth, 1S76. William S. Earl, March 29th, 1887. 

Charles McCarthy, January nth, 1881. Shepard Tappen, January nth, 1887. 

James Fleming, January 13th, 1885. James F. Cowee, January 10th, 1888 

Frank Gilbert, January 12th, 1886. D. H. Flack, January nth, 1888. 



PRESIDENTS. 

John P. Albertson, Nov. 24th, 1852, to Jan. 12th, 1876. 
Calvin Hayner, January 12th, 1876, to July Sth, 1878. 
William Kemp, from July 17th, 187S. 

CASHIERS. 

George A. Stone, Dec. 15th, 1852, to Feb. 14th, 1S73. 
George H. Sagendorf, from Feb. 14th, 1873. 

TELLERS. 

B. P. Rogers, 1855. 

D. H. Humphrey, August 1st, 1S55, to Jan. 14th, 1856. 

E. F. Wait, January 16th, 1856, to January 22d, 1862. 



MUTUAL NATIONAL BANK. 

(Mutual Bank, 1S52-1865.) 
(Mutual National Bank, 1865.) 

George H. Sagendorf, January 22d, 1862, to February 

14th, 1S73. 
Rice C. Bull, from February 14th, 1S73. 

DIRECTORS ELECTED JANUARY I4TH, 1S9O. 
William Kemp, William H.Young, Charles A. Brown, 
David Mann, died May 18th, James H. Howe, died 
Feb. 28th, John Worthington, George A. Packer, 
Francis N. Mann, jr., George B. Cluett, Thomas D. 
Abrams, John K. Howe, George H. Sagendorf, Fred- 
erick E. Draper. 



PRESIDENTS. 

J. Lansing Van Schoonhoven, February 5th, 1853, to 

February 7th, 1S74. 
George C. Burdett, Feb. 7th, 1S74, to Jan. 24th, 1S83. 
Moses Warren, from February 3d, 1883. 

CASHIERS. 

James Buel, February 5th, 1853, to August 22d, 1857. 
John B. Kellogg, Sept. 1st, 1857, to June 17th, 1871. 
Asa W. Wickes, June 20th, 1871, to Dec. 21st, 1887. 
William H. Van Schoonhoven, December 21st, 1887, 
to April 20th, 1888. 



CENTRAL NATIONAL BANK. 

(Central Bank, 1853-1865.) 
(Central National Bank, 1865.) 

E. W. Greenman, from April 20th, 1888. 

TELLERS. 

Asa W. Wickes, March 14th, 1853, to June 20th, 1S71. 
Charles H. Adams, June 24th, 1871, to Feb. 1st, 1873. 
George Kirsop, jr., from February 1st, 1873. 

DIRECTORS ELECTED JANUARY I4TH, 1S9O. 
John L. Blanchard, Henry F. Boardman, John T. 
Christie, Joseph Fales, Albert B. Gibbs, Luman H. 
Gibbs, Wm. J. Howes, Justus Miller, James O'Neil, 
William H. Rowe, Albert A. Sampson, W. Stone 
Smith, William H. Van Schoonhoven, Moses Warren. 



MARKET BANK, 1853-1865. 
PRESIDENTS. CASHIERS. 

Jeremiah S. Hakes, 1853 to 1858. Albert C. Gunnison, 1853 to 1859. Shepard Tappen, 1864 to 1865. 

Hiram Miller, 1858 to 1865. John H. Neher, 1859 to 1864. 

FIRST NATIONAL BANK, 1863-1883. 
PRESIDENT. TELLERS. 

Thomas Coleman, Oct. 24th, 1S63, to Feb. 24th, 1883. Frederick P. Allen, 1863 to 1866. 

cashier. William G. Crissey, 1S66 to 1873. 

Richardson H. Thurman, October 24th, 1863, to Feb- J. Spencer Garnsey, 1873 to 1875. 

ruary 24th, 1883. George H. Morrison, 1875 to 1883. 



NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK, 1865-1877. 
PRESIDENTS. CASHIER. 

Hiram Miller, 1865 to 1877. Shepard Tappen, 1865 to 1877. 

William Gurley, 1877. 



35§ 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



UNITED NATIONAL BANK, 1865 
PRESIDENTS. 

E. Thompson Gale, March 7th, 1S65, to Jan. 13th, 1885. 
Joseph W. Fuller, Jan. 13th, 18S5, to May 15th, 1S89. 
George H. Cramer, from May 2Sth, 1889. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

Wm. A. Shepard, March 7th, 1S65, to Jan. 13th, 1S85. 
William A. Thompson, from Jan. 13th, 1S85. 

CASHIERS. 
Tracy Taylor. March 7th, 1865, to Nov. 28th, 1867. 
George H. Perry, December 7th, 1867, to November 

13th, 1885. 
John H. Neher, from November 24th, 1SS5. 



TELLERS. 
George H. Perry, March 16th, 1S65, to Dec. 7th, 1867. 
A. G. H. Calder, Dec. 17th, 1867, to Dec, 1873. 
John H. Neher, March 3d, 1874, to Nov. 24th, 1S85. 
Benjamin A. Rousseau, Nov. 24th to Dec. 28th, 1885. 
Samuel S. Bullions, from December 2Sth, 18S5. 

DIRECTORS JANUARY TITH, 189O. 

George H. Cramer, Joseph M. Warren, Norman B. 
Squires, Wm. A. Thompson, Charles W. Tillinghast, 
C. E. Dudley Tibbits, James A. Burden, Edward 
Tracy, George T. Lane, Edward Courtland Gale, 
James A. Eddy, George B. Warren, William Shaw. 



PRESIDENT. 

Thomas Coleman, from February 24, 1883. 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 
Francis A. Fales, from February 24, 1883. 

CASHIER. 

George H. Morrison, from February 24, 1SS3 



TELLERS. 

Francis W. Mackie, February 24 to September 8, 1S83 



NATIONAL BANK, 1883. 

Thomas T. Trimble, March 1, 1884, to Feb. 19, 1S88. 
William P. Allendorph, from February 23, 1888. 

DIRECTORS ELECTED JANUARY II, 1S9O. 

Thomas Coleman, Philip H. Neher, Otis G. Clark, 
John Duke, Francis A. Ostrander, George H. Morri- 
son, Daniel Klock, jr., Andrew B. Fales, Francis A. 
Fales, Josiah A. Wait, Charles E. Dusenberry, James 
E. Kimball, Frederick Beiermeister, jr., Edward B. 
Cox, Charles Cook. 



Nathan Williams, 1796 to 1797. 
John Woodworth, 1797 to 1800. 
David Buel, 1800 to 1804. 
Ruggles Hubbard, 1804 to 1806. 
Samuel Gale, 1S06 to 1829. 
William Pierce, 1829 to 1832. 
Isaac McConihe, Dec, 1832, to 1842. 
Charles H. Read, Aug., 1842 to 1843. 
George R. Davis. Aug., 1843 to 1849. 
Thomas Clowes, 1849 to 1851. 
William T. Willard, 1851 to 1853. 
Foster Bosworth, 1853 to 1854. 
William W. Whitman, 1854 to 1858. 



POSTMASTERS OF TROY. 

James R. Fonda, Dec. 15, 1S58, to 
Oct. 15, 1861. 

George T. Blair, Sept., 1861, to 1862. 

Thomas Clowes, 1S62 until his death, 
April 9, 1S66. 

J. W. Freeman, Thomas Clowes' 
bondsman, performed the duties 
of postmaster until the appoint- 
ment of 

General Alonzo Alden, who served 
from June 1, 1S66, to 1874. 

Gilbert Robertson, jr., Feb. 9, 1874; 
reappointed Feb. 18, 1878; reap- 



pointed April 4, 1SS2; term ex- 
pired March 16, 1S86. 

Edward Dolan, appointed April 28, 
1886, and entered on his duties 
on May 17. 

James F. Ashley, appointed April 
17, 1889, and took charge of the 
office on May 13; died Feb. 3d, 
1891. 

Francis N. Mann, jr., nominated 
Feb. 26th, 1891; took charge of 
office, March 31st, 1891. 



VOLUNTEER FIRE COMPANIES. 

Premier Engine Company, organized 1798; discontinued from service, 
August 23d, 1 86 1 ; disbanded September 5th, that year. First engine-house 
south side of court-house ; engine subsequently housed in wooden building 
north side of Center Market ; and in 1843 at No. 21 State Street. 

Neptune Engine Company, No. 2, organized June 20th, 1803 ; discontinued 
August, 1 86 1 ; disbanded September 5th, that year. Engine-house north side 
of Center Market in 1828 ; and in 1843 at No - 2 3 State Street. The company 
paid the tuition of a large number of children attending the Lancasterian and 
other schools in the city. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 359 

Washington Volunteer Fire Company, incorporated May 26th, 18 12. First 
engine-house west side of Fourth Street, about seventy feet north of Fulton 
Street; after April, 1820, the apparatus was housed in a building on north 
side of the market-house lot on north-west corner of Third and State streets ; 
in 1823, it was kept in a building in the shipyard, south-west corner of River 
and Elbow (Fulton) streets ; in 1824, it was again housed in the building near 
north-west corner Third and State streets. In December, 1843, tne engine 
was placed in the brick engine-house, No. 25 State Street, on the site of the 
Second Precinct Station-house. (See Steam Fire Engine Companies.) 

Engine Company, No. 3, organized February 1st, 1821 ; changed to a hose 
company December, 1834, and became the Franklin Hose Company. 

Engine Company, No. 4, organized January 6th, 1825 ; changed to a hose 
company October 7th, 1837, subsequently known as the Eagle Hose Com- 
pany, No. 10. On July 3d, 1845, became Eagle Engine Company, No. 10. 

Torrent Engine Company, No. 4, organized August 2d, 1838; disbanded 
May 20th, 1841 ; reorganized September 1st, 1842 ; disbanded August 3d, 
1843 I reorganized November 2d, 1843 ! discontinued August, 1861 ; dis- 
banded September 5th, that year. The engine-house was on Congress Street, 
Ida Hill. 

Empire State Engine Company, No. 5, organized March 1st, 182 1. Engine- 
house at the Iron Works. (See Edmond Stanton Steam Fire Engine Com- 
pany, No. 6.) 

Hope Engine Company, No. 6, organized May 20th, 1826. Engine-house 
north-west corner of Brunswick Avenue and Washington Street, Albia. (See 
Hope Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 7.) 

Niagara Engine Company, No. 7, organized May 27th, 1828. Engine-house 
on South Market lot north-east corner of Second and Division streets. (See 
Jason C. Osgood Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 3.) 

Cataract Engine Company, No. 8, organized August 2d, 1832 ; disbanded 
September 10th, 185 1 ; reorganized and served until disbanded September 5th, 
1861. Engine-house No. 12 Federal Street. 

Rough and Ready Engine Company, No. 9, organized September 21st, 
1837, as Hydraulic Engine Company, No. 9. In 1863, adopted the name of 
Rough and Ready Engine Company, No. 9. Engine housed No. 9 River 
Street, near State Dam. In 1865, the company reorganized as Rough and 
Ready Hose Company, No. 4. (See Charles Eddy Steam Fire Engine Com- 
pany, No. 4.) 

Lafayette Engine Company, No. 10, organized August 15th, 1839 Engine- 
house on Ida Hill. (See F. W. Farnam Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 5.) 

Eagle Engine Company, No. 10, organized July 13th, 1845 '< members re- 



360 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

signed September 16th, 1847; company reorganized March 14th, 1848; be- 
came Eagle Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 2, December 20th, 1 860. Engine 
housed at No. 14 Federal Street. (See Hugh Ranken Steam Fire Engine 
Company, No. 2.) 

^tna Engine Company, No. 12, organized in 1846, and in 1857 became 
Hibernia Engine Company, No. 12. 

Hibernia Engine Company, No. 12, in 1857 known as /Etna Engine Com- 
pany, No. 12 ; company discontinued in 1863. Engine-house corner of Fifth 
and Madison streets. 

Good Intent Engine Company, No. 13 (independent), formed in 1850, and 
disbanded in 1856. Engine-house on Batavia Street. 

Franklin Hose Company, No. 1, organized December 1 8th, 1834, from 
Engine Company, No. 3. On January 1st, 1835, took the name of Franklin 
Hose Company, No. 1. Hose-house on Franklin Street, near the court-house. 

Phcenix Hose Company, organized in 1840; discontinued in 1851. 

General Wool Hose Company, No. 2, organized February 1st, 1859; dis- 
continued in 1861. Hose-house, No. 19 State Street. 

Union Hose Company, No. 3, organized February 1st, 1859; existed about 
a year. Hose-house No. 7 Hoosick Street. 

Hall Hose Company, organized December, 1859; discontinued January 
1st, 1871. 

J. C. Taylor Hose Company, No. 3, formed in i860. (See Charles Eddy 
Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 4.) 

Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, organized February 16th, 1826 ; dis- 
continued 1857. Truck-house in building on north side of Center Market; in 
1843, at No. 27 State Street. 

Union Hook and Ladder Company, No. 2, organized April 5th, 1832 ; dis- 
continued 1874. The truck-house was at Iron Works. 

Trojan Hook and Ladder Company, No. 3, organized February 5th, 1835. 
Truck-house at No. 14 Federal Street; burned May 10th, 1862. Subsequently 
housed at Cozzens' Northern Hotel, and afterward at brick engine-house on 
State Street. (See company under Steam Fire Engine Companies.) 

STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANIES. 

Arba Read Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 1, informally organized in 
November, 1859; constitution and by-laws adopted December 19th; first 
officers elected January 9th, i860. First engine received March 28th, that 
year. The engine-house, next north of the present one, on the north-west 
corner of Third and River streets, was built in i860; the present one was 
erected in 1875. The "law relating to the establishment and organization of 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 361 

a steam fire company of the city of Troy," passed by the Common Council, 
February 16th, i860, designated the members of the Arba Read Steam Fire 
Engine Company, No. 1, as firemen of the city, limiting them to sixty persons. 
On May 24th, 1S60, a span of black horses was purchased for the company. 
On January, 1862, the trustees transferred the apparatus and property to the 
city. James Knibbs was appointed engineer of the company February, 1860, 
which position he filled until December 1st, 1863. 

Hugh Ranken Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 2. On September 28th, 
i860, a number of citizens purchased a steam fire engine for Eaele Eng-ine 
Company, No. 10, the name of which the Common Council on December 20th, 
that year, changed to Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 2. On April 1st, 
1 861, the Common Council changed it to Hugh Ranken Steam Fire Engine 
Company, No. 2, having appropriated $2,250 to repay the sums advanced by 
the citizens to purchase the engine. The engine-house, at No. 14 Federal 
Street, having been burned on May 10th, 1862, the engine was temporarily 
housed at Cozzens' Northern Hotel and afterward in the house previously 
occupied by Niagara Engine Company, No. 7, on Second Street. The brick 
engine house erected on the site of the burned building was occupied by the 
company on February 14th, 1863. The present one was built in 1885. The 
first engineer, Roswell A. Morgan, was succeeded in 1862 by Thomas H. 
Bailey, who was succeeded in 1867 by his brother, William. 

Jason C. Osgood Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 3, was organized from 
the members of Niagara Engine Company, No. 7, which was discontinued in 
January 23d, 1862. The first steam engine received on January 14th, 1862, 
was temporarily housed in the building occupied by Niagara Engine Com- 
pany, No. 7, on the north-east corner of Second and Division streets. A two- 
story brick house was erected for the company in 1S62, on the south side of 
Adams Street. In 1865, a brick building was erected for its use on the south- 
west corner of Adams and Second streets. The new brick building, on the 
south-east corner of Third Street and Canal Avenue, was occupied by the 
company on August 21st, 1890. 

The Washington Volunteer Fire Company, having obtained a steam fire 
engine from Button & Blake, of Waterford, on April 19th, 1864, for $2,150, 
sold its hand engine to the village of Trumansburgh, N. Y., for $1,000. On 
the transfer of the engine-house on the north side of State Street, between 
Second and Third streets, on August 2d, 1865, to the Capital Police, the 
engine was taken to the Franklin Hose Company's house at the rear of the 
court-house. On March 22d, 1868, the fire commissioners agreed to pay the 
company from May 1st, 1865, $650 annually, to meet its current expenses. 
On October 20th, 1867, the engineer of the company was placed under full 
46 



o 



62 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



pay by the fire department. On December 31st, 1872, the company occupied 
its two-story brick engine-house on the north-east corner of Third and Division 
streets. In December, 1874, the company was provided a team of horses by 
the department, the engine having been drawn until that time by hand. 

Charles Eddy Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 4, was organized on 
November 21st, 1866, from the members of J. C. Taylor Hose Company, No. 3, 
and of Rough and Ready Hose Company, No. 4. The steamer purchased of 
the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company was put in service on May 22d, 1867. 
The two-story brick engine-house, built in 1866, on the north-east corner of 
River and North Streets was occupied by the company in May, 1867. The 
company was reorganized on October 6th, 1876. 

Franklin W. Farnam Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 5, was organized 
on July 17th, 1871, from the members of Lafayette Engine Company, No. 10. 
The first steamer of the company was built that year by L. Button & Son. 
The company's two-story brick engine-house, on the south side of Congress 
Street, Ida Hill, was built in 1876. 

Edmond Stanton Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 6, was organized Jan- 
uary 23d, 1873, from the Empire State Engine Company, No. 5. The first 
steam engine was received on November 30th, 1872. The company's two- 
story brick engine-house on the south side of Mill Street was erected in 1877. 

Hope Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 7, was organized from the members 
of the Hope Engine Company, No. 6. In May, 1882, the company received 
the steam engine used for a number of years by Edmond Stanton Steam Fire 
Engine Company, No. 6. The engine-house of the company, on the south-east 
corner of Pawling Avenue and the Grist Mill Road, in Albia, was built in 1886. 

Esek Bussey Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 8, was organized as a hose 
company on January 23d, 1888. The hose-house of the company is in the 
north end of the Bussey & McLeod Stove Company's foundry on the east 
side of Oakwood Avenue, north of Hoosick Street. The company was 
reorganized as a part of the Troy Fire Department on June 24th, 1890. An 
engine-house is now building (in May, 1891) for the company, on the north- 
east corner of Hoosick and Tenth streets. 

Trojan Hook and Ladder Company, No. 3, organized February 5th, 1835, 
occupied its present two-story brick truck-house on the east side of Franklin 
Square in April, 1865. The Hayes extension ladder, truck and fire-escape, 
now used by the company, was purchased in 18S4. 

Beman Park Hose Company, No. 9, organized December 19th, 1S89, 
officially accepted December 18th, 1890. Hose-house on south side of Eagle 
Street, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets. William Gorman, presi- 
dent; T. McDonald, captain. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



&3 



ATTORNEYS-AT-I.AW in TROY IN 1 89O. 



Akin, Clarence E., 1SS0. 
Akin, Marcus L., 1SS4. 
Albertson, John P., 1SS5. 
Alden, Charles L., 1S54. 
Baermann. P. H., 1857. 
Baker, Charles I., 1S73. 
Batchelder, J. K., 1S90. 
Birdsall, Simeon, 1S71. 
Black, Frank S. , 1879. 
Boardman, D. L., 1S47. 
Boardman, H. F., 1878. 
Brintnall, Charles S., 1876. 
Cantwell, jr., W. P., 1887. 
Chew, Frederick A., 1S85. 
Cipperly. J. A., 1866. 
Clough, M. T., 1858. 
Coffey, James W., 1875. 
Cook, Robley D.. 1S63. 
Curley, John P., 1S76. 
Davenport, Nelson, 1857. 
Daw, George VV., 18S0. 
Day, J. Gilmore, 1885. 
DeGroot, B. E., 1880. 
Denio. Cole H., 1843. 
Donnan, George R., 1S73. 
Dorr, Francis O., 1S75. 
Douglas, Edward W., 1S79. 
Egan, James B., 18S7. 
Fagan, Thomas S., 1886. 
Faulkner, Charles T., 1S90. 
File. Benjamin W., 1S88. 
Finder, A. P., 1S90. 
Freiot, James, 1857. 
Freiot, James E., 1S7S. 
Fursman, Edgar L., iSd6. 
Fursman, James C, 1S83. 
Gale, John B., 1S46. 
Gambell, Orin, 1S78. 
Griffith, Lewis E., 1869. 
Hall, Benjamin H., 1856. 
Hannan, Cornelius, 1884. 



(Their admission to the bar indicated by 
Hayner, Irving, 1865. 
Hickey, W. F., 18S9. 
Hoag, J. E., 1875. 
Hollister, jr., W. H., 1S74. 
Ingalls, Charles R. , 1S60. 
Isenbergh, William, 18S4. 
Jennyss, R. C 1S47. 
Kellogg, Justin, 1866. 
Kelly, John E., 1887. 
Kelly, John P., 1879. 
Kennedy, T. J., [884. 
King, Edwin A., 1880. 
King. Harvey J., 1S49. 
King, Henry A., 187S. 
Kraus, Robert, 1SS3. 
Landon, John M., 1855. 
Lane, Derick, 1857. 
Lansing, James, 1S64. 
Lockwood, Charles D., 18S7. 
Loewenstein, Louis, 1S79. 
Long. Jeremiah K., 1S83. 
Ludden, W. J., 1881. 
Lyon, A. D., 1S59. 
MacGregor, Beekman, 1S65. 
Mann, Francis N., 1873. 
Maxwell, Thomas F., 1883. 
McChesney, Calvin S., 18S&. 
McClellan, R. H., 1848. 
McClellan, S. P., 1883. 
McCormick, Henry [., 1S87. 
McManus, P. A., 18S4. 
McNutt, Clarence E., 1SS0. 
Merritt, Henry A., 1858. 
Morrill, William W., 1880. 
Morrison, George H., 1887. 
Mosher, George A., 1870. 
Murray, James T. , 1S80. 
Myers, M. H., 1875. 
Nason, Henry T., 1888. 
Norton, John T., 1889. 
Palmer, J. W., 1874. 



the dates.) 

Parmenter, F. J., 1S52. 
Parmenter, R. A., 1847. 
Patterson, Charles E., 1S65. 
Pattison, Edward A., 1883. 
Pattison, George B., 1S83. 
Pattison, Harry B., 1S89. 
Patton, J. G., 1S78. 
Peck. John H., 1861. 
Peltier, E. L., 1880. 
Phelan, Thomas F., 1S90. 
Riordan, Gerald G., 1881. 
Riordan, J. H.. 1880. 
Robertson, jr., Gilbert, 1843. 
Roche, E. G., 1890. 
Roche. William J., 1875. 
Ross, E. Ogden, 1S88. 
Ryan, James H., 1SS0. 
Sands, George E., 1S90. 
Seitz, Eugene, 1877. 
Shappo, J. A., 1874. 
Shaw. William, 1865. 
Shrauder, Gordon G., 1878. 
Smith, Albert, 1875. 
Smith, Henry W., 1878. 
Smith, Levi, 1846. 
Speck. W. J., 1SS9. 
Stoughton, Hugh B., 1890. 
Strait, B. C, 1856. 
Sylvester, N. B., 1864. 
Thomas, Frank W., 1881. 
Townsend. Martin I., 1836. 
Townsend, M. L. , 1857. 
Townsend, jr., Rufus M., 187S. 
Van Santvoord, Seymour, 18S0. 
Van Schoonhoven, W. II., 1880. 
Wager, C. G., 1887. 
Ward, H. J., 1888. 
Warren, Moses, 1845. 
Wellington, George B., 1878. 
Wheeler, James S. , 1889. 



Akin. Washington. 
Archambeault, L. J. 
Baynes, J. E. 
Baynes, W. T. 
Belding, Rufus E. 
Benson, jr., Russell F. 
Bissell, James H. 
Bloss, Frederick S. 
Bloss, J. P. 
Bloss, R. D. 



PHYSICIANS 

Bonesteel, H. F. 
Bonesteel, W. N. 
Bontecou, Reed B. 
Booth, B. S. 
Buffington. C. E. 
Burbeck, C. H. 
Burton, Matthew H. 
Camp, N. H. 
Campbell, M. W. 
Cipperly, J. H. 



IN TROY IN 189O. 

Coburn, E. B. 
Coburn, E. S. 
Colt, jr., E. N. 
Cooper, William C. 
Cooper, William S. 
Cooper, W. L. 
Crandall. E. L. 
Dickinson, M. D. 
Donnelly, James M. 
Dow, G. H. 



Fairlie, J. E. 
Felter, Mahlon. 
Ferguson, E. D. 
Finder, jr., William. 
Fisk, E. J. 
Freiot, A. K. 
Garland, George. 
Gordinier, H. C. 
Goudie, R. G. 
Green, Arba R. 



364 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



PHYSICIANS IN TROY IN 1 89O — Continued. 



Green, F. A. 
Greenman, C. E. 
Harvie, J. B. 
Heimstreet, T. B. 
Herrick, C. B. 
Hutchinson, J. C. 
Ives, H, L. 
Keenan, Michael. 
Kenny, Laurence. 
Kinloch, O. F. 
Lomax, Joseph D. 
Lyons, Edward L. 



Magee, Daniel. 
Mallett. Orila. 
Marsh, James P. 
Martin, J. J. 
Mason. W. P. 
Mattocks, James E. 
McChesney, James. 
Mcintosh. F. T. 
McLean, LeRoy. 
Meredith, G. L. 
Morris. J. W. 
Nyce, G. W. 



O'Connor, Jeremiah. 
Pease, Caroline S. 
Prefontaine, H. 
Prenderghast, J. P. 
Rogers, S. F. 
Rousseau. Zotique. 
Schuyler, C. C. 
Searle, F. T. 
Seymour, William P. 
Seymour, William W. 
Smith, William P. 
Stannard, F. F. 



Sweetman, J. T. 
Swormstedt, S. LeRoy. 
Thompson, A. L. 
Thompson, A. R. 
Thompson, Robert. 
Traver, R. D. 
Waldo, H. L. 
Ward, Bela J. 
Ward, R. Halsted. 
Webster, S. H. 
Wheeler, M. A. 



INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. 
Odd Fellows' Hall, No. 2S7 River Street. 

Trojan Lodge, No. 27, chartered November 11th, 1839. 
Troy Encampment, No. 3, organized December 25th, 1839; chartered Decem- 
ber 6th, 1 84 1. 

Rensselaer Lodge, No. 53, charter granted June 1st, 1841. 
Rensselaer Degree Lodge, No. 7, organized November 4th, 1841. 
Athenian Lodge, No. 96, chartered January 19th, 1847. 
Rhein Lodge, No. 248 (German), organized August 18th, 1870. 
Canton Leo, No. 8, Patriarchs Militant, chartered December 31st, 1885. 
John W. Nesbitt, Encampment No. 1 10, chartered February 27th, 1889. 
Augusta Rebecca Degree Lodge, No. 36, chartered March 20th, 1S72. 
Troy Union Rebecca Degree Lodge, No. 50, chartered February 5th, 1874. 



LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS. 

Ladies' Employment Society, incorporated September 10th. 1885. Rooms 
No. 47 Ferry Street. Officers in 1890: Mrs. C. L. MacArthur, president; Mrs. 
David Cohen, treasurer; and Miss Sarah Thurman, secretary. 

Rensselaer County Homeopathic Medical Society, organized in Troy, 
October 6th, 1859. Officers in 1890: Arba R. Green, president; Hiram E. 
Fuller, secretary and treasurer. 

Rensselaer County Medical Society, organized in Troy, July 1st, 1806. 
Officers in 1890: R. B. Bontecou, president; J. W. Morris, secretary; LeRoy 
McLean, treasurer. 

Troy and West Troy Bridge Company, incorporated April 23d, 1872. 
Officers in 1890: John D. Spicer, president; John F. Roy, vice-president; Ezra 
R. Vail, secretary and treasurer. 

Troy Scientific Association, organized in October, 1870, and incorporated 
in December, 1S74. Officers in 1890: R. H. Ward, M. D., president; Joseph 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



>65 



McKay, treasurer; John C. House, secretary. Microscopical Section: Charles 
E. Hanaman, secretary and treasurer. 

Troy and Suburban Stage Company, incorporated May 1st, 1889. Officers 
in 1890: John Duke, president; W. W. Loomis, treasurer. 

TROY FEMALE SEMINARY. 

Corner stone of Gurley Memorial Hall laid Friday afternoon, June 5th, [891. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1S9O. 



Lewis E. Gurley, 
John H. Peck, 
Henry G. Ludlow, 
Paul Cook, 



Charles W. Tillinghast, 
Samuel B. Sanford, 
William Kemp, 
Walter P. Warren, 



William II. Doughty, 
Robert C. Haskell, 
Frederick W. Orr, 
Mayor of Troy, ex-nffi, io. 




"Wilson Brothers & Co , Philadelphia, architects. 
ALUMNI BUILDING OF RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 
No. 30 Second Street. 
Corner-stone laid June 17, 1891. 

RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 
founder. Rev. John Chester, D. D., of Albany, 1S28-29. 

Stephen Van Rensselaer. LL. D., of Albany, 1824-59. Rev. Eliphalet Nott, D. D., LL.D. (president of Union 

College, Schenectady), 1S29-45. 
presidents. Rev. Nathan S. S. Beman, D. D., LL. D., Troy. 

Rev. Samuel Blatchford, D. D., of Lansingburgh. 1845-65. 

1824-28. John F. Winslow, Troy, 1S65-6S. 



3 66 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC 
Brinsmade, M. D., Troy, 1868. 



INSTITUTE — Continued- 



Thomas C 

James Forsyth, Troy, 1868-Aug. roth, 1886. 

John H. Peck, LL. D., from May 2d, 1888. 

VICE-rRESIDENTS. 
Orville L. Holley, Troy (surveyor-general of the state 

of New York), 1S24-31. 
T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., Albany (2d vice-president), 

1S24-2S. 
David Buel, jr., Troy (2d vice-president), 1829-60. 
Rev. N. S. S. Beman, D. D.. Troy, 1S42-45. 
William P. Van Rensselaer, Greenbush, 1845-64. 
Thomas C. Brinsmade, M. D., Troy, 1S64-68. 
George Gould, Troy, 1868. 
E. Thompson Gale, Troy. 1869-72. 
William Gurley, Troy, 1S72 to January 10th, 1SS7. 
Albert E. Powers, from 1887. 

SECRETARIES. 

Moses Hale, M. D„ 1824-35. 
Rev. E. Hopkins, 1835-41. 
Isaac McConihe, 1S41-42. 
Joseph White, 1S42-49. 



Stephen Wickes, M. T., 1849-54. 
Rev. John B. Tibbits, 1854-61. 
William E. Gurley, 1861-72. 
William H. Doughty, from 1872. 

TREASURERS. 
Hanford N. Lockwood, 1S24-44. 
Thomas C. Brinsmade, M. D., 1S44-47. 
Dav Otis Kellogg, 1847-50. 
William H. Young, from February 7th, 1850. 



Joseph M. Warren, 
Charles R. Ingalls, 
Rev. William Irvin, D 
Charles Macdonald, 
James S. Knowlson, 
William Kemp, 
James P. Wallace, 



trustees, 1S90. 

Stephen W. Barker, 
Henry B. Dauchy, 
D., Henry G. Ludlow, 
Robert W. Hunt, 
Theo. Voorhees, 
Edward C. Gale, 
John Squires, 



Rev. J. Ireland Tucker, D. D., Horace G. Young, 

Joseph C. Piatt, Paul Cook, 

Elias P. Mann, Mayor of Troy, ex-officio. 



PRESIDENTS. 

John T. McCoun, 1S35. 
Thaddeus B. Bigelow, 1836. 
Henry W. Strong, 1837. 
George Gould, 1S38. 
I. J. Merritt, 1S39. 
James M. Stevenson, 1S40. 
Charles H. Read, 1841. 
J. L. Van Schoonhoven, 1842. 
Joseph White, 1S43. 
Thomas Coleman, 1844. 
John G. Britton, 1S45. 
William Hagen, 1846. 
Gilbert Robertson, jr., 1847. 
Uri Gilbert, 1S4S. 
Amos K. Hadley, 1S49. 
D. B. Cox, 1S50. 
G. B. Wallace, 1S51. 
William Gurley, 1852. 
George B. Warren, jr., 1853. 
William H. Young, 1854. 
Lyman R. Avery, 1855. 
William O. Cunningham, 1856. 
DeWitt Tuthill, 1857. 
Charles L. Alden, 1858. 



Otis G. Clark, 
Harvey J. King, 



TROY YOUNG MEN S ASSOCIATION. 

John S. Cronin, 1884. 



Benjamin H. Hall, 1S59. 

John M. Landon, i860. 

Nelson Davenport, 1861. 

A. B. Fales, 1862. 

John L. Flagg, 1863. 

Chauncey O. Greene, 1864. 

Charles A. Holmes, 1S65. 

Clarence Willard, 1865. 

Frederick P. Allen, 1866. 

William E. Gilbert, 1867. 

Benjamin F. Follett, 186S. 

J. Spencer Garnsey, 1869. 

William D. Clegg, 1S70-71. 

E. L. Fursman, 1S72. 

Edward G. Gilbert, 1873. 

Irving Hayner, 1874. 

I. Grant Thompson, 1S75. 

Latham C. Strong, 1876. 

William Shaw, 1877. 

Justin Kellogg, 1878. 

C. E. Dudley Tibbits, 1879. 

Charles R. Defreest, 1880. 

Elias P. Mann, 18S1. 

Charles W. Tillinghast, 1S82. 

Clarkson C. Schuyler, M. D., 18S3. 

TROY ORPHAN ASYLUM. 

TRUSTEES IN 189O. 
George H. Starbuck, 
William H. Doughty, 



PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF 
TRUSTEES. 

E. Thompson Gale, 1SS0-1887. 
Thomas Coleman, from 1890. 

LIBRARIANS. 

William Hagen, from 1835. 
N. B. Milliman, 1841. 
George H. Ball, 1841. 
John R. Harris, 1S42. 
John H. White, 1844. 
William Robertson, 1S45. 
Henry P. Filer, 1846. 
T. B. Heimstreet, 1S64. 

F. H. Stevens, 1865. 

DeWitt Clinton, 1S74 to present time. 

TREASURER. 
Frederick P. Allen, from 1880. 

SECRETARY. 
J. Spencer Garnsey, from 1880. 



C. E. Dudley Tibbits, 
Francis N. Mann, jr., 




M. F. Cummings & Son, architects. 
I'HE YOUNG WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION OF TROY. 
Nos. 33 and 35 Second Street, 1891. 



368 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

TROY ORPHAN ASYLUM — Continued. 

Aaron Vail, William Kemp, John Wool Griswold, 

Henry G. Ludlow, W. H. Hollister, jr., C. E. Hanaman, 

George B. Cluelt. Liberty Gilbert, William W. Whitman, 

Charles W. Tillinghast. P. W. Converse, Joseph Knight, 

Lewis E. Gurley, Walter F. Warren, George S. Robinson. 

MARSHALL INFIRMARY AND RENSSELAER COUNTY LUNATIC ASYLUM. 

GOVERNORS, iSgO. 

Thomas Coleman, Albert E. Powers, Henry G. Ludlow, 

Lewis E. Gurley, Charles Cleminshaw, Francis A. Fales, 

John Sherry, Andrew M. Church, William Kemp, 

R. H. Ward, M. D., Charles E. Dusenberry, J. W. A. Cluelt, 

Charles W. Tillinghast, M. H. Barton, M. D., Otis G. Clark, 

George A. Stone, George B. Cluett, P. H. Neher, 

Franklin Field, Henry H. Darling. Mayor of Troy, ex-officio. 

George A. Wells. R. B. Bontecou, M. D., Joseph D. Lomax, M. D., Resident 

Henry B. Dauchy, Washington Akin, M. D.. Medical Superintendent. 

Albert A. Sampson, William W. Whitman, 

YOUNG WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 

i RUS tees, iSgr. 
George B. Cluett, president, Samuel B. Sanford, treasurer, J. K. P. Pine. 

Charles E. Patterson, secretary, William H. Frear, 

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 

Post George L. Willard, No. 34, organized June 1st, 1869. 
Post William B. Tibbits, No. 141, organized January 14th, 1880. 
Post John A. Griswold, No. 338, organized April 1 6th, 1883. 
Post John McConihe, No. 1S5, organized March 18th, 18S5. 

CU'l:\ 

Bachelors' Club, incorporated February 8th, 1SS4. Club-house No. 50 Third 
Street. Officers in 1S90 : C. F. Burns, president ; fames Pidgeon, treasurer; 
P. J. Hynes, secretary. • 

B. G. Club, organized 1S48. Club-rooms, second floor, No. ~h State Street. 

East Side Club, incorporated April 15th, 1890. Club-house north-west cor- 
ner of Pawling and Collins avenues. Officers in 1S90: Henry B. Thomas, 
president; Irving Hayner, vice-president; Louis S. Crandall, treasurer, and 
Leigh R. Hunt, secretary. 

Ionic Club, organized August 27th, 1833. Club-rooms, second floor, No. 1 
First Street. Officers in 1890: Daniel Klock, jr., president; P. F. Yander- 
heyden, secretary and treasurer. 

Laureate Boat Club, organized June 19th, 1866. Boat-house foot of 
Laureate Avenue. John H. Tupper, president. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 369 

Pafraets Dael Club, organized December 11th, 1885. Club-house No. 5 
Park Place, Congress Street. Officers in 1890: F. W. Edwards, president ; 
George L. French, vice-president ; Thomas F. Maxwell, secretary ; Warren 
L. Packard, treasurer. 

Republican Club of Troy, organized October 5th, 1880, under the name of 
Rensselaer Union Club. Club-house No. 14 First Street. Officers in 1890: 
John Consalus, president; Zeph. F. Magill, treasurer; George Churchill, 
secretary. 

Robert Emmet Association, organized January 1st, 1868. Rooms No. jj 
Third Street. Officers in 1890: John J. Hartigan, president; Cornelius 
Fogarty, treasurer ; William F. Ouinn, secretary. 

Trojan Wheelmen, incorporated January 2 2d, 1886. Rooms second floor of 
Troy City National Bank. Officers in 1890: George S. Coutie, president; 
Harry Snyder, treasurer; George B. Friday, secretary. 

Troy Bicycle Club, organized November 4th, 1881. Club-house Nos. 612 
and 614 Federal Street. Officers in 1890: Robley D. Cook, president ; John 
R. Mulliken, treasurer, and James Ryan, secretary. 

Troy Club, organized November 27th, 1867. Clubhouse south-west corner 
of First and Congress streets. Officers in 1890: Walter P. Warren, presi- 
dent ; John Clatworthy, secretary, and D. W. Ford, treasurer. 

Troy Turn Verein, organized August 8th, 1852 ; re-organized September 
30th, 1885. Gymnasium in Germania Halle. Officers in 1890: Adam 
Wachtel, president; Joseph H. Pahl, treasurer; Frank Wachtel, secretary. 

Troy Yacht Club, incorporated May 15, 1889. Club-house, south-west corner 
of Second Avenue and Fifth Street, Lansingburgh. Officers in 1890: N. L. 
Wetherby, commodore and president ; George Kirsop, treasurer ; A. M. Wright, 
secretary. 

William S. Earl Boat Club, incorporated February 12th, 1890. Boat-house 
No. 115 Second Avenue, Lansingburgh. Officers in 1890: George Inwood, 
president ; James L. Dunn, treasurer ; T. H. Campion, secretary. 

NEWSPAPERS. 
(For newspapers published in Troy see " The City of Troy and its Vicinity," by A. J. Weise, 1886, pp. 216-226.) 

The Northern Budget was first printed weekly in Lansingburgh, the first 
number being issued on Tuesday, June 20th, 1797, by Robert Moffit & Co. 
In the second week in May, 1798, the proprietors moved to Troy and began 
the publication on the fifteenth of that month in a building " on the east side 
of Water (River) Street, four doors north of Pierce's Inn." On January 3d, 
1826, the name of the paper was changed to the Troy Budget and City Regis- 
ter, and, on January 1st, 1828, to the Troy Budget, and, on July 6th, 1840, to 
47 



370 TJiOY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

the Daily Troy Budget, and, on July 7th, 1845, to tne Northern Budget, and, 
on January 3d, 1859, to the Troy Daily Budget, and, on July 29th, 1861, to 
the Daily Budget and Union, and, on October 14th, 1861, to the Troy Daily 
Budget. The publication of the paper was discontinued in 1862. The pro- 
prietors of the Budget were Robert Moffit & Co., June 20th, 1797; Oliver 

Lyon, May 4th, 1807; Ebenezer Hill, ; Zephaniah Clark, September 

9th, 181 7 ; John C. Kemble, November 20th, 1827 ; Kemble & Hooper, Janu- 
ary 2d, 1832; Charles Hooper, December 6th, 1836; Hooper & (Alanson) 
Cook, January 29th, 1837; (Giles B.) Kellogg, (Henry W.) Strong & Cook, 
October 3d, 1837; Kellogg & Cook, October 9th, 1838 ; (Thomas B.) Carroll 
& Cook, July 6th, 1840 ; (John M.) Francis & (Edwin) Brownell, April 27th 
1846; Francis & (Charles L.) Mac Arthur, October 18th, 1847; William W. 
Whitman, January 4th, 1849; Whitman & MacArthur, January 2d, 1850; 
William Whitman, January 2d, 1852; Charles L. MacArthur, October 4th, 
1854; William Hagadorn, January 2d, 1859; Van Arnam & Co., July 29th, 
1861 ; D. H. Jones, from October, 1861, to March 29th, 1862. The paper was 
published weekly and semi-weekly until 1840, when the semi-weekly was suc- 
ceeded by the Daily Troy Budget. 

The Troy Morning Telegram traces its origin to the Troy Press, which 
was first issued on Saturday, August 4th, 1832, by William Yates. 

The Daily Troy Press was first published on Monday, February 1 ith, 1833, 
by William Yates, who sold it to James Stevenson, the publisher of the Troy 
Daily Whig. 

The Troy American, first issued on September 18th, 1833, by E. J. Van 
Cleve, who sold it to James Stevenson, the proprietor of the Troy Daily 
Whig. 

The Troy Daily 11 hig was first published as an afternoon newspaper, on 
Tuesday, July 1st, 1834, by James M. Stevenson. It succeeded the Daily 
Troy Press and the Troy America?!. In 1840 it was changed to a morning 
paper. The proprietors of the paper were James M. Stevenson, July 1st, 
1834 ; Stevenson & (Alexander) McCall, July 1st, 1836 ; James M. Stevenson, 
July 12th, 1839; Charles D. Bingham, October 1st, 1S50; George Abbott, 
September 14th, 1855 ; Hugh Greene & Co., July 1st, 1863 ; George Evans, 
for the Whig News and Printing Company, November 10th, 1864; William 
D. Davis & Co., January 6th, 1867 ; Alexander Kirkpatrick, September 14th, 
1868; Kirkpatrick & Linn, July 9th, 1872; Alexander Kirkpatrick, May 3d, 
1873, and the Troy Whig Publishing Company, November 20th, 1873. On 
Monday, August 30th, 1880, the Troy Morning Whig was succeeded by the 
Troy Morning Telegram and Whig. The Weekly Whig was contemporaneous 
with the daily. 



TRO Y 'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



371 




TROY DAILY TIMES BUILDING, 
North-east corner of Broadway and Third Street. 



The Troy Daily Times was first issued on Wednesday afternoon, June 25th, 
185 1. Prior to the occupation of the Times Building, on Monday, April 29th, 
1872, the paper was published from June 25th, 185 1, at No. 5 Cannon Place 
(second floor); from January 8th, 1853, in the wooden building on the 
south-east corner of Broadway and Second Street ; from November 2d, 1853, 
at Nos. 221 and 223 River Street; from May 10th, 1854, at No. 208 River 
Street, and from April 26th, 1862, at No. 211 River Street. The Times Build- 
ing was erected in 1871. The publication of the Times was begun by John 
M. Francis and R. D. Thompson. Their successors have been John M. 
Francis, January 31st, 1854; John M. Francis and Henry O'R. Tucker, Sep- 
tember 12th, 1863 ; John M. Francis, April 5th, 1881 ; John M. Francis, Son 
& Co. (Charles S. Francis, William E. Kisselburgh, and John A. Sleicher), 



372 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



May 2d, 1881. On May 1st, 1883, John A. Sleicher withdrew from the firm. 
On the decease of William E. Kisselburgh, on May 20th, 1887, John M. 
Francis & Son became the proprietors of the paper. The Troy Weekly Times 
was first issued on July 17th, 1856. 

The Troy Daily Press was first issued on Saturday afternoon, August 8th, 
1863, from No. 209 River Street. On June 18th, 1866, the office was moved 
to No. 219 River Street. A. S. Pease, the first proprietor of the paper, was 
succeeded on June 18th, 1S66, by W. S. Hawley, who published it until March 
2d, 1867. The publication of the new series was begun on Monday, October 
28th, 1 S67, at Nos. 23 1 and 233 River Street. The office was moved on Novem 
ber 24th, 1867, to Nos. 208 and 210 River Street, and, on May 3d, 1879, to No. 







TROY DAILY PRESS BUILDING. 
South-east corner of Fourth and Fulton streets. 



225 River Street, and, on March 21st, 1887, to the present printing house, on 
the south-east corner of Fourth and Fulton streets. From October 28th, 1867, 
the paper was published by the Hawley Brothers (William S. and Edwin P. 
Hawley); from November 7th, 1868, by Edwin P. Hawley; from November 
23d, 1868, by Hawley & Parmenter (Edwin P. Hawley and Jerome B. Par- 
menter) ; from May 17th, 1869, by Parmenter & (Charles C. ) Clark; from 
February 15th, 1873, by Jerome B. Parmenter; from April 2d, 1883, by Par- 
menter & (George E.) Eaton ; from May 26th, 1884, by the Troy Press Com- 
pany, and from December 6th, 1888, by Henry O'R. Tucker. The Troy 
Weekly Press was first published on August 8th, 1863. 
The Northern Budget was first issued as a Sunday newspaper on March 24th, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 373 

1867, by Charles L. MacArthur, at No. 245 River Street. On February 2d, 

1868, the office was moved to No. 233 River Street, and, on February 7th, 

1869, to No. 1 First Street ; and, on June 12th, 1871, to No. 14 Third Street, 
and, on October 18th, 1875, to No. 16 Third Street. The present name of 
the paper, the Troy Northern Budget, was given it on March 8th, 1868. 
Arthur MacArthur became associated with his father, in the proprietorship of 
the paper, on March 29th, 1875, the firm taking the name of C. L. MacArthur 
& Son. 

The Troy Morning Telegram and Whig was first issued on Monday, August 
30th, 18S0, by the Troy Telegram Company, from its office in the Hall Build- 
ing. On April 17th, 1882, C. L. MacArthur & Son became proprietors of 
the paper, who, on May 25th, 18S2, changed its name to the Troy Daily Tele- 
gram, and removed the office from No. 303 River Street to No. 16 Third 
Street. On October 4th, 1 886, John Hastings purchased the paper, and, on 
November 5th, 1886, moved the office to No. 415 Fulton Street, between 
Fourth Street and Fifth Avenue. Cozier & Pratt (William C. Cozier and 
John P. Pratt) succeeded to the proprietorship of the paper on Monday, 
August 20th, 1 888. They, on October 2 2d, 1888, changed the name of the 
journal to the Troy Adorning 'Telegram. The Troy Weekly Telegram is issued 
on Fridays. 

The Sunday Trojan was first issued on April 25th, 1875, by I. F. Bosworth 
and A. B. Elliott. In 1878 it was consolidated with the Troy Observer. 

The Troy Observer was first published as a Sunday newspaper on October 
15th, 1876, by William V. Cleary, at No. 13 Second Street. In December, 

1878, it was purchased by A. B. Elliott and consolidated with the Sunday 
Trojan, and issued under the name of the Trojan-Observer. On August 3d, 

1879, Michael F. Collins became proprietor of the paper and changed the 
name to the Troy Observer. On June 5th, 1882, the office was moved from 
Nos. 208 and 210 River Street to Nos. 303 and 305 River Street (second 
floor). 

The Evening Standard was, first issued on Thursday, October 17th, 1877, by 
the Evening Standard Publishing Company, in the Hall Building, on the corner 
of First and River streets. On April 24th, 1882, the office was moved to No. 314 
River Street (second floor). The officers of the company are W. J. Tyner, 
president and treasurer; Charles G. Sherman, secretary. 

The Catholic Weekly was first issued on February 27th, 1886, by Reynolds, 
Thompson & Co. (H. M. Reynolds, G. L. Thompson, and William C. Cozier). 
In 1887 the office was removed from the building on the north-west corner of 
River Street and Broadway to No. 277 River Street (second floor). 



374 



TRO TS ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 






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CHAPTER XVIII. 
PREDICTIONS AND PROSPECTS. 

I 788- 1 890. 

THE site of Troy and the enterprise of its inhabitants early elicited the 
commendation of American and foreign travellers. This place, "situ- 
ated," said one, in 1788, "precisely at the head of navigation on the 
Hudson, * * * not only bids fair to be a serious thorn in the side of 
New City, but in the issue a fatal rival. I think Vanderheyden must, from its 
more eligible position, attain ultimate ascendency." " The trade which Troy 
has opened with the new settlements to the northward, through the states of 
New York and Vermont, as far as Canada, is very extensive," said another, in 
1807, "and in another twenty years it promises to rival the old established city 
of Albany. Its prosperity is indeed already looked upon with an eye of jealousy 
by the people of the latter place." " From the day of its foundation," remarked 
another, in 1835, "until the present, Troy has been a pattern for all other 
places in respect to its industry and enterprise. Lansingburgh, four miles 
above, had attained almost its present size when the first building was erected 
in Troy, and Albany, six miles below, had been in existence one hundred and 
eighty years. And yet Troy, far out-stripping the former in a very short time, 
is now rapidly advancing on the latter." In 1837, another observed: "Albany 
stood by itself, a large and prosperous city without a rival, but its population 
was chiefly Dutch. The Yankees from the Eastern States came down and 
settled themselves at Troy, not five miles distant, in opposition to them. It 
would be supposed that Albany could have crushed this city in its birth, but 
it could not, and Troy is now a beautiful city, with * * * a population 
of 20,000 souls, and divides the commerce with Albany, from which most of 
the eastern trade has been ravished." 

Lansingburgh, founded in 1 7 7 1 , by Abraham Jacob Lansing, was called by 
the Dutch people living in the vicinity, Nieuw Stadt, New City, in contradis- 
tinction to the Oudc Stadt, the Old City, as Albany was styled by them. When 
the first emigrants from the New England States began settling at Van der 
Heyden's Ferry, in 1786, Lansingburgh had about four hundred inhabitants, 
and its merchants were then enjoying "a very extensive and lucrative trade, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 377 

supplying Vermont and the region of both banks of the Hudson, as far as 
Lake George, with merchandise, and receiving in payment wheat, pot and 
pearl ashes, and lumber." The significant observation made two years after- 
ward by an intelligent traveller that the little settlement opposite the southern- 
most mouth of the Mohawk would seriously affect the interests of New City 
was verified in less than ten years. The glory of the village at the head of 
navigation on the Hudson was the indomitable energy of its people who not 
only induced the farmers of Northern New York and the new state of Ver- 
mont to pass through the streets of Lansingburgh with their loaded wagons 
and sleds and bring their produce to Troy, but also influenced many of the 
early settlers of New City to remove from it and become promoters of the 
local undertakings which put Troy in control of most of the trade that Lan- 
singburgh had previously acquired. The ascendency of Troy was apparent as 
early as 1800, when the place had 1,802 inhabitants, and Lansingburgh 1,200. 

The belief expressed by an observant foreigner in 1807 that in twenty years 
from that time Troy would stand in competition with " the old established 
city of Albany" for the trade of the country north of them, was notably sub- 
stantiated on the opening of the Erie and Champlain canals and the establish- 
ment of a line of steamboats to ply between Troy and New York. The rela- 
tive growth of the closely-situated places, as presented in the number of their 
inhabitants in 1786, 1800, 1845, an( l 1^90, indicates that Troy will likely exceed 
Albany in population within the next one hundred years, should the limits of 
the two cities remain the same as they are now. In 1786, when the first set- 
tlers from the Eastern States began occupying the site of Troy, Albany was the 
sixth largest city in the United States, having at that time three thousand and 
fifty inhabitants. With all the accrued advantages of a city chartered one 
hundred and fourteen years and the seat of the state government, Albany in 
1800 had only 3,547 more inhabitants than Troy. In 1845, Troy had more 
than half as many inhabitants as the capital city ; the population of the one 
being 21,709, that of the other, 42,139. In 1890, the population of Troy was 
only four-elevenths less than that of Albany ; the number of the inhabitants 
of the younger city being, according to the revised census report, 60,956, that 
of the older, 94,923. 

The actual valuations of property tabulated in the annual municipal reports 
of the two cities show that in proportion to their number, the people of Troy 
possess more real and personal property within its limits than those of Albany 
in that city. The real property in Troy in 1890 was valued at $41,850,269.00, 
and the personal at $5,198,587.66; the real in Albany at $63,380,046.00, and 
the personal at $6,282,525.00. In an equal apportionment of that in each 
city among its inhabitants those of Troy would severally receive real property 
48 



378 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

valued at $686.56, and personal at $85.28; those of Albany, real valued at 
$667.60, and personal at $66.18. 

The municipal indebtedness of the two cities establishes the fact that the 
obligations of Troy are strikingly small compared with those of Albany in 
proportion to the number of inhabitants of the two places. 

The total debt of Troy in 1S90 was $1,106,105.83 or $18.14 per capita ; 
that of Albany $4,342,200.00 or $45. 74^/' capita, being $27.60 per capita more 
than that of Troy. Lessened by $1,058,000.00, that part incurred for Wash- 
ington Park, the indebtedness of Albany would still be $3,284,200.00 or $34.59 
per capita. The statistics compiled by the Census Bureau further establish 
the fact that the municipal expenses of Troy are much less than those of 
Albany in proportion to the number of inhabitants of the two cities. The 
ordinary expenditures of Troy in 1S90 were $702,1 11 or $1 1.52 per capita, and 
those of Albany $1,761,958, or $18.56 per capita, being $7.04 per capita more 
than those of Troy. 

The early merchants of Troy were mostly buyers and shippers of wheat, barley, 
rye. oats, corn, flax seed, pork, tallow, lard, butter, cheese, flax, furs, ashes, 
barrel staves, and lumber, for which they readily exchanged " East, West India 
and European goods of all kinds," such as dry goods, groceries, hardware, 
drugs and medicines, and liquors, the last largely rum. Their strongly-framed 
storehouses were built on the bank of the river, where by the use of long 
wooden chutes projecting from them, wheat and other grain were transferred to 
the holds of sloops of which the merchants were commonly the owners. 

In 1 791, Abraham Ten Eyck & Co. and Jonathan and Alsop Hunt erected 
" a spacious and commodious slaughter and packing-house," and advertised 
that it would " not be amiss to observe that no cost of transportation of beef 
and pork from this place to New York would arise to the owner saving the 
usual price from Albany thither." The hides of the cattle killed at this and 
other slaughter-houses in the village suggested the availability of a tannery for 
the conversion of them into leather. Probably the first was the one situated 
" forty rods east from the court-house" offered for sale in December, 1793, by 
Anthony Goodspeed. It was perhaps about that time that Captain George 
Allen of Connecticut built his tannery on the north bank of the Poesten Kill, 
a part of its site being now occupied by the building No. 168 Hill Street. 
In 1816, his tan-yard contained fifty vats, where also was a currying and 
beam-house. 

The expedition with which the early merchants of Troy inserted advertise- 
ments of their goods and wares in the newspapers of Albany and Lansing- 
burgh and solicited the trade of the country people shows how quickly they 
entered into competition with the merchants of those places in order to divert 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 379 

it to the village. They not only offered to pay more for wheat and other prod- 
uce than were given by dealers there, but also to sell their commodities at 
lower prices. Influenced by these inducements, the farmers came and found 
it to be to their advantage to make the new settlement their trading place. 

Insignificant as the village was in size, the early settlers never disparaged its 
affairs nor favored criticism hurtful to its business and growth. Aware that 
industry, thrift, and enterprise would make Troy " famous for her trade and 
navigation," they eagerly and assiduously strove to crown their individual and 
collective undertakings with successful issues. This policy of action and 
unanimity of purpose obtained for the village the high commendation which 
visitors and travellers so frequently bestowed upon its people, and secured for 
it the trade and commerce which their immediate successors further enlarged 
upon the same lines of local pride and aggressive competition. 

The advantages of buying and selling exclusively dry goods, or only gro- 
ceries or hardware influenced in time many of the early merchants of Troy to 
engage in those special branches of business. In later years their lines of 
business were made still more distinct by some becoming wholesale dealers 
and others retail. 

An establishment representing these changes is the wholesale dry goods 
house of Converse, Collins, Merrill, & Co., which traces its origin to the busi- 
ness begun in 1806 by Laban Gardner and Henry Vail, under the name of 
Gardner & Vail, retailers of dry goods and groceries, whose successors in 1807 
were Henry and George Vail, who engaged in the wholesale dry goods busi- 
ness in 181 5 at their store No. 158 River Street. In 1S30, Ebenezer Proudfit 
became a member of the firm of H. & G. Vail. On the withdrawal of Henry 
Vail in 1832, George Vail, Ebenezer Proudfit, and James L. Van Schoonhoven 
succeeded to the business under the name of George Vail & Co. On the 
retirement of George Vail in 1835, his son D. Thomas Vail was admitted into 
the firm, which then took the name of Vail & Co. The later firms were Van 
Schoonhoven, Proudfit, & Co., 1852; Van Schoonhovens, Fisk, & Holmes 
(James L. and James Van Schoonhoven, L. C. Fisk, and Charles A. Holmes), 
1859, of which last-named firm Perrin W. Converse became a member in i860; 
Van Schoonhoven, Fisk, & Converse, 1865 ; Converse, Cary, & Co. (Perrin W. 
Converse, Sidney T. Cary, and George G. Converse), 1872 ; Converse, Peck- 
ham, & Co. (P. W. Converse, Reuben Peckham, and G. G. Converse), 1873 ; 
Converse, Peckham, & Vilas (P. W. Converse, Reuben Peckham, and Samuel 
H. Vilas), 1877; Converse, Peckham, & Co. (P. W. Converse, Reuben Peck- 
ham, and William M. Peckham), 1881. The firm of Converse, Collins, Mer- 
rill, & Co. was formed on March 1st, 1884, by Perrin W. Converse, Cornelius 
V. Collins, Carlton H. Merrill, and William A. Meeker. The firm occupies 



3 8o 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



the three-story brick building, No. 329 River Street, between Fulton and 
Grand streets, and controls a large trade in dry goods, hosiery, and notions, 
extending through Northern New York, Vermont, and Western Massachu- 
setts. 




G. V. S. QUACKENBUSH & CO. S DRY GOODS HOUSE. 

The earliest established retail dry goods house now in the city is that of G. 
V. S. Quackenbush & Co. Few of its first patrons are living to tell of its begin- 
ning on the east side of River Street, one door north of State Street, sixty- 
seven years ago. Then it was seated as it is now in the business center of the 
city. Its removal on October 1st, 1856, to the south-east corner of Third and 
Albany streets, was looked upon as a mistake of the circumspect proprietor, 
but the marked changes in the growth of the city which later followed con- 
firmed his foresight and sagacity. The large and finely-lighted four-story 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 38 1 

store is a creditable monument to his enterprise. The business being wholly 
that of the sale of dry goods, the stock of the different departments, both 
wholesale and retail, comprises silks, woolen, cotton, and other dress fabrics, 
prints, cloths, linens, muslins, underwear, hosiery, laces and embroideries, 
shawls, cloaks, haberdashery, carpets, curtains, and other products of the loom 
and needle. An elevator carries buyers from floor to floor. The spacious- 
ness of the salesrooms is one of the striking features of the well-ordered estab- 
lishment. Situated at the intersection of Third Street and Broadway, two of 
Troy's principal thoroughfares, it is of easy access both to city shoppers as well 
as country customers. The founder of the store, Gerrit Van Schaick Ouack- 
enbush, engaged in the dry goods business in 1824 with William C. Miller, 
under the name of G. V. S. Ouackenbush & Co., at No. 202 River Street, next 
door north of the dry goods store of Knox & Morgan, opened in May, 1827, 
in the building on the north-east corner of River and State streets. The site 
was originally occupied by a two-story frame dwelling first the residence of 
Zephaniah Anthony, who, on October 27th, 1792, sold it and lot 70 to Moses 
Bears for ,£350, who converted the building into a tavern, which was burned 
in the fire of 1820, when Amos Allen was the landlord of the house. On the 
dissolution of the partnership, on April 28th, 1826, G. V. S. Ouackenbush and 
Edwin Smith formed the firm of Ouackenbush & Smith. On the withdrawal of 
Edwin Smith, on March 7th, 1828, G. V. S. Quackenbush continued the business 
until 1837, when he and William Lee as G. V. S. Ouackenbush & Co. became 
associated in it. The firm, from 183910 1841, had a branch store at No. 3 Franklin 
Square, which was conducted under the name of William Lee & Co. In 1841, 
the store at No. 202 River Street was conducted under the name of Ouacken- 
bush & Lee. From 1842 to 1865, G. V. S. Ouackenbush had the management 
of the business. On February 1st, 1865, he, his son Gerrit, and Samuel 
Lasell, who had held a clerkship under G. V. S. Ouackenbush for a number of 
years, and William H. Sherman, who had likewise held a similar position in 
his store from 1848, entered into partnership under the name of G. V. S. 
Ouackenbush & Co. In 1868, Frederick Bullis became a copartner. On the 
death of Gerrit Ouackenbush, on May 8th, 1869, the four surviving members 
of the firm continued the business under the same name. Gerrit V. S. Ouack- 
enbush died on June 10th, 1872, aged 71 years. On February 1st, 1873, 
Samuel H. Lasell and William H. Sherman succeeded to the business, which 
they have since conducted under the name of G. V. S. Ouackenbush & Co. 

The retail and wholesale dry goods house of The Andrew M. Church Com- 
pany, Limited, Nos. 85 and 87 Third Street and Nos. 55 and 57 Congress 
Street, represents the growth of the business originating it a half century ago. 
From a small store with an inconsiderable assortment of dress and other goods 



33= 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 




daily frequenting it. The two connected 
buildings form the attractive angular sales- 
room extending from Third to Congress 
Street two hundred and thirty feet. The 
basements and upper floors contribute fur- 
ther space for the disposition of the com- 
pany's large stock of prints, cloths, muslins, 
linens, bedding, draperies, and other salable 
staples. On the second and third floors. 



THE A. M. CHURCH CO.'S STORE, 
Third Street side. 

has by careful management and 
successful enterprise been de- 
veloped the extensive establish- 
ment which contains in its numer- 
ous departments a vast stock of 
domestic and imported fabrics, gar- 
ments, and notions to supply the 
host of city and country customers 




THE A. M. CHURCH CO. S STORE, 
Congress Street side. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 383 

reached by a convenient elevator, are the cloak, suit, and manufacturing depart- 
ments, where is seen a varied display of ladies' fashionable cloaks, coats, capes, 
and wraps, besides cloths and trimmings from which the latest styles of season- 
able garments for women and girls are made. The high reputation which the 
company sustains for making ladies' finely fitting outer garments creates so 
great a demand that orders are given each season months in advance for them. 
The department of lace curtains, window shades, portieres, plushes, drapery and 
fringes is also reached by the elevator. The silk section, on the south side of 
the Third Street entrance, contains a valuable stock of American and foreign 
goods, in black and in colors. The house and hotel furnishing department, 
embracing sheeting, pillow cases, towels, napkins, and other goods, is also a 
feature of the main salesroom. ' The lace, ribbon, glove, handkerchief, under- 
wear, hosiery, collar and cuff, parasol and umbrella departments are also parts 
of it. Edmund Cole, the founder of the business, engaged in the sale of dry 
goods in 1841, at No. 42 Congress Street. In 1846, George Bristol, a salesman 
in his store, became his successor. In 1854, he moved to Rand's Building, on 
the north-west corner of Congress and Third streets. In 1858, he and Edward 
E. Belden formed the firm of George Bristol & Co. On its dissolution in 1861, 
George Bristol continued individually in the business until March 1st, 1863, 
when he and Andrew M. Church and George H. McFarland associated them- 
selves under the name of George Bristol & Co. On March 1st, 1866, George 
McFarland withdrew. On the death of George Bristol in 1868, Andrew M. 
Church and Miss Flavia Bristol succeeded to the business, conducting it under 
the name of George Bristol & Co. In 1873, they moved the store to the new 
brick building Nos. 85 and 87 Third Street. On February 1st, 1880, the firm 
of Church & Phalen was formed by Andrew M. Church and Patrick Phalen, 
who in October, 1883, occupied the Congress Street building. They were 
succeeded on April 8th, 1887, by The Andrew M. Church Company, Limited, 
with a capital stock of $100,000; the present officers of which are, Francis A. 
Fales, president ; George H. Morrison, treasurer; T. B. Wager, secretary; 
W. W. Loomis, superintendent, and Andrew M. Church, manager. 

William H. Frear's bazaar, long and widely known by visitation and adver- 
tisement as on the south side of Broadway, between Second and River streets, 
attracts to its extensive salesrooms daily a larger concourse of town and country 
customers than is elsewhere seen in the city. The vast stock of goods needed 
to supply their wants is partly visible in the fifty-four departments into which 
the great establishment is divided. The spacious storage rooms in the five- 
story building are temporary depositories for undisplayed goods. Imported 
and domestic fabrics, silks, velvets, laces, and ribbons, fans, gloves, handker- 
chiefs, and hosiery, cloaks, capes, and wraps, underclothing, corsets, collars, 



384 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

and cuffs, bijoutry, toilet articles, parasols, umbrellas, traveling bags, and 
trunks, house-furnishing goods, and a thousand and one other salable things 
draw throngs of eager buyers to the counters of this busy mart on Washington 
Square. More than two hundred men and women give attention to the sale 
of croods on the first and second floors. As many as three hundred and 
seventy employes have been required at one time to dispatch the business of 
the popular bazaar. In iSgo, the mail order department forwarded goods to 
forty states and territories, and held correspondence with customers having 
seven hundred and seventy-two different post-office addresses. In the adver- 
tising department are great folios in which are pasted every advertisement 
since 1865, which has been inserted in newspapers to give publicity to the 
display of new goods. The sales in the retail department have exceeded 
$1,200,000 in a year. A record of those of a day shows receipts aggregat- 
ing more than $12,000. The current expenses of a single year have required 
an expenditure of $200,000. There is probably not a city in the world of the 
same population as that of Troy in which a retail dry goods house commands 
so large a trade as this notable emporium. 

The main salesroom on the first floor extends along Broadway one hundred 
feet, with a depth of one hundred and nineteen. The part extending to the 
entrances on Second Street has a width of about fifty feet and a depth of one 
hundred and thirty. 

The brick building, originally four stories high, erected in 1835, by Le Grand 
Cannon, has been known since that year as Cannon Place. Lot 131, fifty by 
one hundred and thirty feet, was leased on March 10th, 1789, by Jacob D. 
Van der Heyden to Mathise Vandenburgh at a yearly ground rent of three 
pounds five shillings. Thence it successively passed to Elias Lee, Nathan 
Betts, Nathan and Stephen Warren, Eliakim Warren, and, on October 13th, 
1831, to Le Grand Cannon. On May 4th, 1891, the property embracing the 
lots 130 and 131 and the buildings on them was sold to William H. Frear, 
who that day gave a check for $124,000 to George H. Cramer, agent of the 
heirs of Le Grand Cannon, in part payment for it. 

The business career of William H. Frear in Troy began on March 1st, 1859, 
when he became a salesman in the dry goods store of John Flagg, at No. 12 
Fulton Street, in the Boardman Building, on the north-east corner of River 
and Fulton streets. He and Sylvanus Haverly having, on February 1 ith, 1865, 
entered into partnership as Haverly & Frear, on March 9th, that year, engaged 
in the sale of dry goods at No. 322 River Street, between Fulton and Grand 
Division streets. On the admission of John Flagg as a partner on March 16th, 
1868, the firm took the name of Flagg, Haverly, & Frear, and on April 9th 
following, occupied Nos. 3 and 4 Cannon Place, where Decker & Rice had 



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49 



386 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

previously a dry goods and millinery store. On the withdrawal of Sylvanus 
Haverly on January 2d, 1869, Flagg & Frear continued the business until the 
dissolution of the partnership on March 1st, 1874, from which time, William 
H. Frear has individually conducted it. 

One of the oldest of the River Street wholesale houses is that of Henry H. 
Darling, Brother, & Co. Its origin is traceable to the firm of Dauchy & Rose 
(Samuel Dauchy and Brownell B. Rose), which engaged in the grocery busi- 
ness in 1834, at No. 289 River Street. Five years later Samuel Dauchy took 
charge of it, who, in 1842, with Ithamar Conkey formed the firm of Dauchy & 
Conkey. Their successors were Dauchy & Flood, 1845 ; Dauchy, Flood, & 
Co., 1852; Dauchy, Lee, & Co., 1853; Dauchy & Flack, 1856; Dauchy 
& Amadon, 1859; Burr & C. H. Dauchy, 1864; Dauchys & Darling, 1865; 
Simmons & Darling, 1S6S; Simmons, Darling, & Co., 1873; Henry H. Dar- 
ling, & Brother, 1879; and Henry H. Darling, Brother, & Co., March 1st, 
1886. The senior member of the firm, Henry H. Darling, was a salesman 
with Dauchy & Amadon from 1862, and with Burr and C. H. Dauchy until his 
association with B. and C. H. Dauchy in 1865 as Dauchys & Darling. The 
second member, Edwin E. Darling, became a salesman in the store of the last- 
named firm in 1866, and continued in that position until he was admitted a 
copartner in the business of Simmons, Darling, & Co., in 1873. The junior 
member, T. Lee Benedict, was, from 1876 to 18S6, a salesman of the firm of 
Simmons, Darling, & Co., and Henry H. Darling & Brother. Henry H. Dar- 
ling, Brother, & Co., wholesale grocers and dealers in flour and produce at 
Nos. 305 and 307 River Street, have, besides a large Troy trade, an extensive 
one in Northern New York, Vermont, and Western Massachusetts. 

Another old mercantile house in the city is that of Squires, Sherry, & Ga- 
lusha, wholesale grocers, at Nos. 241 and 243 River Street. It is the seventh 
firm in the line of succession beginning with that of Hakes & Battershall, 
formed in 1841, by Jeremiah S. Hakes and Ludlow A. Battershall, at No. 327 
River Street. On the admission of Henry E. Weed as a copartner in 1845, 
the name of the firm was changed to that of Hakes, Battershall, & Weed, and 
on the withdrawal of Jeremiah S. Hakes, in 1846, to that of Battershall & 
Weed. In 1S52, Peter McDoual took the place of the junior member, and 
the firm became Battershall & McDoual. In 1S55, John Sherry was admitted 
a member of it, and the name was altered to Battershall, McDoual, & Co. 
On the withdrawal of the senior member in 1858, Norman B. Squires took an 
interest in the business, and the firm name became McDoual, Squires, & 
Sherry. By the admission of Henry Galusha on March 1st, i860, the title 
was changed to Squires, Sherry, & Galusha. James H. Sherry, who died in 
1882, was admitted a copartner in 1874. The later members of the firm, 






TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. $8 7 

Arthur G. Sherry and Franklin H. Whitney, were respectively admitted in 
March, 1883, and in March, 1891. The field of the firm's extensive business 
includes Northern New York, Vermont, and Western Massachusetts. 

Graves, Page, & Co., wholesale grocers at No. 223 River Street, are the 
successors of John Hunter, who. in 1835, engaged in the sale of groceries at 
No. 183 River Street. In 1S38, he and John Paine Kellogg became associ- 
ated in the business under the name of Hunter & Kellogg. They were suc- 
ceeded in 1S39, D y Hunter, Kellogg, & Co.; they in 1840, by Hunter & 
Kellogg; they in 1841, by Hunter, Bosworth, & Co.; and they, in 1843, by 
Hunter & Bosworth. On the withdrawal of Nathaniel Bosworth in 1S46, 
John Hunter continued individually in the business until 1848, when he and 
Aaron H. Graves became copartners under the name of Hunter & Graves. 
They were followed by the firms of Hunter, Graves, & Co., 1853 ; Battershall, 
Graves, & Van Alstyne, 1858 ; Graves, Van Alstyne, & Co., 1S66 ; and Graves, 
Page, & Co., 1868 (Aaron H. Graves, F. H. Page, and Allen Williams). 

Flack & Co., wholesale grocers, at No. 375 River Street, are the successors 
of Flood & Dunham (Roger A. Flood and Harvey C. Dunham), who en- 
gaged in the business there in 1855 ; Flack & Brother (David H. and William 
A. Flack), 1864; and Flack & Brother (William A. and Isaac G. Flack), 1871. 
The firm of Flack & Co. was formed by Isaac G. and George A. Flack in 
July, 1884. 

Smith & Stevenson (R. G. Smith and W. H. Stevenson), wholesale dealers in 
groceries, flour, and produce, at No. 327 River Street, are successors of E. R. 
Collins, who engaged in the business at No. 343 River Street, in 1861 ; E. R. 
Collins & Co. (R. C. Collison), 1862 ; Collins & Collison, 1867; R. C. Colli- 
son, 1876; and Stevenson, Smith, & Co., 1881. The firm was formed on 
May 1 st, 1889. 

James E. Molloy & Co., wholesale grocers, tea jobbers, and coffee roasters, 
at Nos. 365 and 367 River Street, are successors of James E. Molloy, who 
established the business, in 1862, at No. 367 River Street. He and his 
brother Francis J. formed the firm in March, 1866. 

Morey & Lee, wholesale grocers, flour and commission merchants, at No. 
321 River Street, are the successors of N. J. & N. W. Sanford who in 1865 
began the business at No. 371 River Street; Sanford & Morey (Nathan W. 
Sanford and Manley W. Morey), 1866; Bell, Dauchy, & Morey (John Bell, 
C. H. Dauchy, and Manley W. Morey), 1868; and Bell & Morey, 1869. The 
firm was formed by Manley W. Morey and Charles Lee in August, 1872. 

Henry O. Dusenberry, wholesale grocer and commission merchant at No. 
369 River Street, succeeded, on March 1st, 18SS, the firm of Dusenberry & 
Fairweather, formed by him and James H. Fairweather on June 19th, 1879. 



3 8 § TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Daniel A. Wing, wholesale dealer in fine groceries, fruits, and canned goods, 
engaged in the business, at No. 325 River Street, on March 1st, 1891. 

Taylor & Staley, wholesale dealers in roast and ground coffee, milled spices, 
and baking powders, at No. 319 River Street, continue the business begun by 
Carpenter & Darling, in 1S48, who were succeeded by C. Carpenter, in 1850: 
C. H. Garrison, in 185 1; C. H. Garrison & Co., in 1855; and C. H. Garrison, 
in 1857, who, in 1863, occupied the building No. 319 River Street. His suc- 
cessors there were Daniel Place, 1875; Taylor & Bridgeman (Robert M.Taylor 
and John F. Bridgeman), 1878; F. A. Lape, 1877; and Taylor & Staley (Robert 
M. Taylor and William C. Staley), January 1st, 1879. 

The oldest retail grocery store in the city is that of Jason J. Gillespy which 
has remained sixty years in the brick building No. 269 River Street. The 
line of proprietors conducting the business begins with Ebenezer Jones, who 
engaged in the sale of groceries in 1796 on River Street. Believing that he 
could do more business at a point farther northward of the ferry, he, on 
March 3d, 1798, bought of Jacob I. Van der Heyden, for ^350, a breadth of 
thirty-five feet of the north part of lot 2 and another of thirty feet, the south 
half of lot 3, on the west side of River Street, between the present line of 
Grand Street and the original space of Schreyner Street, now Federal ; the 
earlier name having been given the street in honor of an old German settler, 
who, in 1792, had "a cake and beer shop," where now is the north-east corner 
of River and F"ederal streets. Opposite, on the north-west corner, was the 
dwelling of Casper Fratt or Frats, as the name was sometimes written. In 
1792 there were no buildings on River Street between Elbow Street and the 
space now named Federal Street. The two-story frame building which Eben- 
ezer Jones erected in 1798 stood where now is the south part of the store of 
James E. Molloy & Co., No. 365 River Street. On December 9th, 1806, he 
and his son-in-law, Thomas Skelding, and his son, Ebenezer, jr., engaged in 
business there under the name of Jones, Skelding, & Jones. On October 5th, 
1813, Thomas Skelding and William D. Haight entered into partnership as 
Thomas Skelding & Co., grocers. They were succeeded about 1820 by the 
firm of Weed & Haight (Alsop Weed and William D. Haight), which on the 
admission of Jared S. Weed, took the name of Weed, Haight, & Co., at No. 
345 River Street. In 1831, Jason J. Gillespy and William D. Haight formed 
the firm of W. D. Haight & Co., at No. 269 River Street, where the business 
was subsequently conducted by Haight & Gillespy, 1837 ; Haight, Gillespy, & 
Co. (William S. Haight, son of William D. Haight), 1839 ; Gillespy & Haight 
(W. S. Haight), 1847; Jason J. Gillespy, 1849; J. J. Gillespy & Co. (J. L. 
Van Schoonhoven), 1857 ; J. J. Gillespy, 1863 ; J. J. Gillespy & Son (John H.), 
1866, and J. J. Gillespy, since 1879. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 3 8 9 

J. J. Alden & Son, retail grocers, continue the business begun by Bosworth 
& Holmes in 1850 on the north-east corner of River and Fulton streets. On 
the erection of Harmony Hall, Bosworth & Holmes in 1851 occupied the 
store on the corner of River and Third streets. After the withdrawal of 
Foster Bosworth in 1854, William Holmes conducted the business until 1856, 
when Alden & Hunt succeeded him. After the retirement of Stephen P. 
Hunt in 1862, Joseph J. Alden became proprietor of the store. On March 1st, 
1870, he and his son, Harry M., entered into partnership under the name of 
J. J. Alden & Son. 

Lot 204, on which Harmony Hall was built by Nathan Dauchy in 1850, 
was as early as 1 792 the site of a two-story wooden dwelling occupied by 
Abraham Frear, who afterward resided on the east side of Third Street, near 
Elbow. In 1829 there was a two-story frame house known as No. 266 River 
Street, on the north end of the lot, rented by David Bard, who had a restau- 
rant in the basement called the Third Ward Lunch. Opposite the steps 
descending to it was a pump which stood at the curb of the pavement at the 
intersection of the two streets. On the north-east corner of River and Fulton 
streets was the grocery store of H. & L. McChesney, on the south side of 
which were the roofed hay-scales so long a conspicuous feature of Fulton 
Street. South of the dwelling occupied by David Bard was the store of Fry 
& Rousseau, hatters, No. 262 River Street. Where now is the store of Fitz- 
patrick & Draper, tobacconists, was a frame building, No 258 River Street, 
in which were the salesroom and shop of Charles Lemon, cabinet-maker. 
South of it, on the north side of the alley, was the inn of Augustus and Wil- 
liam Whitney, previously conducted by Elias Dorlon, and subsequently known 
as the York House. 

Among the many merchants engaged in the sale of groceries in the city, 
Albert Defreest has been identified with it since 1854, and since 1875 has 
occupied the building on the north-west corner of Congress and Fourth streets 
in which his father, John R. Defreest, and Daniel Sheldon as Defreest & 
Sheldon conducted a grocery from 1823 to 1833. 

John Warr, grocer, at No. 276 River Street, continues the business in which 
he and Burrows Cure engaged as Cure & W T arr in 1857 at No. 278 River 
Street. Since the dissolution of their partnership in 1859, he has successfully 
conducted the business. 

One of the initial evidences of the changes that will hereafter alter the 
architectural features of the oldest part of the city is seen in the stately six- 
story warehouse of Charles A. Brown & Co., on the north-west corner of 
River and Congress streets, built, in 1888, on the site of the Pawling & Ten 
Evck store, erected in 1789 and burned in 1867. The first structure, occupied 



39Q 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 












WEST SIDE OF RIVER STREET NORTH OF CONGRESS STREET. 



in 1 797 by G. & B. Tibbits, was a prominent landmark in the village, and 
before the use of door numbers in Troy it was frequently named in advertise- 
ments to describe the location of other places of business near it on River 
Street. The proprietors of the new building, Nos. 155 and 157 River Street, 
as manufacturers and agents of manufacturers of knit goods, shirts and drawers, 
utilize its spacious floors for the storage of a large quantity of stock, and also 
for the offices and salesrooms entered from River Street. The senior member 
of the firm, Charles A. Brown, is president of the Rob Roy Hosiery Company, 
manufacturing knit goods at No. 191 First Street. The goods of the yEtna 
Hosiery Mills, in the northern part of the city, are also embraced in the stock 
of underwear sold by Charles A. Brown & Co. 

The first settler to pursue the business of an apothecary in the village was 
William Willard, who, in June, 1791, advertised that he had opened and had 
for sale a stock of drugs and medicines at his store in Troy. Six years later 
the opening of the new drug store of the founder of one of the oldest business 
houses in the city, — that of John L. Thompson, Sons, & Co., wholesale dealers 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 391 

in drugs, chemicals, and medicines, at Nos. 159, 161, and 163 River Street, — 
was announced in the Farmers Oracle. The advertiser, Samuel Gale, jr. 
(son of Samuel Gale, M. D., who settled at Vanderheyden in 1787), was 
graduated a physician by the First Medical Society of Vermont in 1792, and 
after practicing- a short time in the West Indies returned to Troy, and, in 1797, 
at the age of twenty-five years, engaged in the business of a druggist. In 
July, 1798, "his new store," as advertised, was "next door to Messrs. G. & 
B. Tibbits," who were merchandising in the building previously occupied by 
Ten Eyck & Elmendorf, on the north-west corner of River and Congress 
streets. Under the name of S. & W. Gale, he and his brother William, in 
1805, entered into a partnership, which, it would seem, extended to the death 
of the latter, on March 3d, 1813. Appointed postmaster in 1806, he held the 
office during the administrations of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and Adams, 
until 1829. A part of the store was partitioned and made the post-office. 
The frame building was perilously bordered by the great fire of 1820, which 
destroyed all the buildings on the west side of River Street from it northward 
to Corning & Co.'s drug store, opposite the Troy House. On April 24th, 
1821, he and his brother-in-law, John L. Thompson, of Poughkeepsie, who, in 
18 1 7, at the age of nineteen, had entered the store as a salesman, formed the 
firm of Gale & Thompson, which existed until February 29th, 1828, when the 
senior member sold his interest in the business to his enterprising associate. 
In 1832, the old two-story wooden structure was removed and the four-story 
brick building, No. 161 River Street, was erected on its site. In 1835, David 
Cowee, son of Farwell Cowee who had moved to Troy from Westminster, 
Mass., in 1827, became a salesman in the store, and, in 1841, a partner in the 
business, which was continued by the firm under the name of John L. Thomp- 
son & Co. The need of more storage space led the firm in 1851 to purchase 
the adjoining brick building on the north, No. 163 River Street. On the 
admission, on February 1st, 1855, of John I. and William A. Thompson as 
copartners, the name of the firm was changed to that of John L. Thompson, 
Sons, & Co. In 1857, the brick building, No. 159 River Street, became the 
property of the firm and contributed its space to the enlargement of the 
establishment. James F., son of David Cowee, was admitted a member of 
the firm in 1869. On the death of John L. Thompson, on March 27th, 1880, 
David Cowee became the senior partner. His connection with the extensive 
business of the house terminated at his death on November 22d, 1887. 

John A. Robinson & Co., wholesale druggists at Nos. 199 and 201 River 
Street, continue the business begun by Pomeroy & Wells, in 1804, at the 
"sign of the golden bell," opposite Munn's Tavern, on the southeast corner 
of Third and Elbow streets. In May, 1805, the firm occupied "the white 



39 2 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

store" (where now is the Alhambra, No. 197 River Street, the property of 
Emil F. Winkler), " one door south of Messrs. D. & I. Merritt and directly 
opposite Bears' Tavern." On the dissolution of the partnership of Thaddeus 
Pomeroy and Ira Wells, on May 1st, 1809, the latter conducted the business 
at No. 4 Lane's Row, on the east side of River Street, where now is the Hall 
Building, until the store was burned in the fire of 1820. Later Ira M. Wells 
formed a partnership with John V. Fassett under the name of Wells & Fassett. 
In May, 182 1, the firm occupied its new store, opposite that of Isaac Merritt 
& Son, and two doors north of that of John Van Vechten, jr. On the disso- 
lution of the firm, on November 22d, 1822, John Y. Fassett and William J. 
Selden formed that of Fassett & Selden. Shortly afterward the firm moved 
to No. 201 River Street, where, in 1839, John V. Fassett and Daniel Robin- 
son, under the title of J. V. Fassett & Co., succeeded to the business. On the 
admission of John A. Griswold, in 1843, tne name was changed to Fassett & 
Co.; on the retirement of J. Y. Fassett, in 1846, to Robinson & Griswold. On 
the withdrawal of John A. Griswold, in 1856, Daniel Robinson and Charles 
R. Church became associated in the business under the name of Robinson & 
Church, which firm was succeeded on February 1st, 1879, by that of Robinson, 
Church, & Co., the members of which were Daniel Robinson, Charles R. Church, 
John A. Robinson, and Philip A. Calder. The senior member of the firm, 
Daniel Robinson, father of John A. Robinson, died at Bennington, Vt., on 
September 24th, 1889. The firm of John A. Robinson & Co., now conducting 
the extensive business of this widely-known house, was formed by John A. 
Robinson and Philip A. Calder, on December 9th, 1890. 

Alexander M. Knowlson, pharmacist, at No. 350 Broadway, immediately 
east of the Troy Times Building, has one of the most conveniently arranged 
and attractively furnished medicine and prescription stores in the city. Charles 
Heimstreet, who engaged in the business in 1836, at No. 10 State Street, 
entered into partnership with William E. Hagan, in 1851, under the name of 
Charles Heimstreet & Co. After the death of the senior partner, on Novem- 
ber 25th, 1854, William E. Hagan individually conducted the business until 
1858, when he and Fitz-Henry Knight formed the firm of William E. Hagan 
& Co. In 1861, the junior member withdrew to join the Second Cavalry 
Regiment New York Volunteers, then organizing in the city. In November, 
1862, William E. Hagan moved the store to No. 1 First Street, south of the 
Troy House. Alexander M. Knowlson, having become his successor on 
February 1 6th, 1864, continued in business there until January 10th, 1871, 
when he removed the stock to No. 350 Broadway, where in the past twenty 
years as a pharmaceutist he has so successfully prosecuted the business. 

Elijah W. Stoddard, druggist, on the south-west corner of Congress and 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 393 

Third streets, represents as a successor the business begun by William C. 
Badeaux, in 1847, at No. 54^ Congress Street, and in 1848 continued by 
Badeaux & Stoddard, at No. 5 5 i ; in 1850, by E. W. Stoddard & Co. (Philip 
W. Dater); in 1853, by E. W. Stoddard; in 1855, by Stoddard & Burton 
(Lebbeus Burton); in 1872, by Stoddard & Co. (D. C. Harper); and, in 1874, 
by Elijah W. Stoddard at 86 Congress Street, who, in 1877, occupied the 
store Nos. 68 and 70 Congress Street. 

Lebbeus Burton & Co., apothecaries, and dealers in drugs and chemicals, 
at Nos. 87 and 89 Congress Street, continue the business of their successors, 
William C. Badeaux, 1847; Badeaux & Stoddard, 1848; E. W. Stoddard & 
Co., 1850; E. W. Stoddard, 1853; and Stoddard & Burton (Lebbeus), 1855. 
The firm of Lebbeus Burton & Co. was formed in 1872 by the senior member 
and Frederick Schneider. In 1877, J. Henry Irving was admitted a partner, 
and in 1883, Charles Cook, jr. 

The oldest hardware house in the city is that of J. M. Warren & Co., 
wholesale and retail dealers in foreign and domestic hardware and house- 
furnishing goods, at Nos. 245 and 247 River Street. Its founders, Jacob Hart 
and Henry Nazro, as Hart & Nazro, engaged in selling "hardware, iron- 
mongery, cutlery, and saddlery," in 1809, at No. 6 Lane's Row, the southern- 
most store in the row of six three-story brick buildings extending one hundred 
and twenty-two feet northward to the corner of River and First streets, the 
site of which is now covered by the western part of the bookstore of William 
H.Young, No. 214 River Street. The building, No. 5 Lane's Row, was then 
occupied by Guilford D. Young, whose dry goods store was opposite the store 
of E. Warren & Co., on the west side of River Street. Lot y^' on which the 
six buildings stood, was sold on October 22d, 1791, by Jacob D. Van der 
Heyden to Ephraim Morgan, who built upon it a double two-story frame 
house in which he dwelt and sold dry goods and groceries. On October 25th, 
1798, Ephraim Morgan conveyed the property to Albert Pawling for $2,000. 
The latter, on November 3d, 1798, sold it to Aaron and Derick Lane, then 
merchandising in Lansingburgh. They, in 1799, removed, it would seem, the 
Morgan house to the west side of First Street, eighty-seven feet south of the 
corner of First and River streets, and erected on its site a three-story brick 
building to which they transferred their stock of groceries and dry goods from 
Lansingburgh in 1800. When the row was burned in 1820 the occupants of 
the different buildings were Hart & Nazro, No. 6; Derick Lane, dry goods, 
No. 5; Ira M. Wells, druggist, No. 4; Pierce & Sackett, crockery, No. 3; M. 
McFadden, dry goods and millinery, No. 2; and William S. Parker, book- 
seller, and the office of the Troy Post, No. 1. 

On the erection of the new building immediately after the fire, Hart & 
50 



594 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Nazro occupied the store known as No. 3 Lane's Row. There the firm was suc- 
ceeded by that of Hart & Pitcher, formed on May 28th, 1821, by Jacob Hart 
and Samuel Pitcher. On.October 26th, 1824, the business passed to the firm 
of Craft, Hart, & Pitcher, of which Moses Craft, Isaac B. Hart, and Samuel 
Pitcher were the members. About that time the firm moved its goods to the 
building, No. 207, on the west side of River Street. On the retirement of 
Moses Craft in 1830, the firm of Hart & Pitcher controlled the business until 
June 24th, 1831, when John M. Card became a copartner, the firm taking the 
name of Pitcher, Hart, & Card. From 1832 to 1834, Hart & Card were the 
proprietors of the store. They were succeeded by Isaac B. Hart, and he, in 







WEST SIDE OF RIVER STREET SOUTH OF BROADWAY. 

1836, by Hart, Lesley, & Warren (Isaac B. Hart, George Lesley, and William 
H. Warren). On the admission of Joseph M. Warren as a partner, on March 
1st, 1840, the firm name was changed to that of Warrens, Hart, & Lesley. 
On May 1st, 1847, the firm occupied the building Nos. 241 and 243 River 
Street. On February 1st, 1855, Joseph M. Warren and Charles W. Tilling- 
hast succeeded to the business as J. M. Warren & Co. On February 1st, 1864, 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 395 

Walter P. Warren was admitted a member of the firm, and in 1867, Thomas 
A. Tillinghast. The former withdrew from it in 1871, and the latter's con- 
nection with it terminated at his death, on June 10th, 1879. In 1870, the firm 
erected the spacious five-story brick building fronted with iron, now occupied 
by it, on the south-west corner of River Street and Broadway. On February 
10th, 1887, the proprietors, Joseph M.Warren, Charles W. Tillinghast, Joseph 
J. Tillinghast, C. Whitney Tillinghast, 2d, Frederick A. Leeds, H. F. Wood, 
and H. S. Darby, became an incorporated body by the name of J. M. Warren 
& Co., of which Joseph M. Warren is president; Charles W. Tillinghast, vice- 
president; Henry S. Darby, treasurer; and Joseph J. Tillinghast, secretary. 
The firm's manufacturing establishment, on the north-west corner of Second 
and Jefferson streets, is a large brick building fitted with machinery for making 
tin and sheet-iron ware. 

Hannibal Green's Son & Co., importers and dealers in iron and steel and 
manufacturers of carriage springs, on the south-east corner of Broadway and 
Fourth Street, represent as successors the business founded by Henry Nazro, 
Augustus A. Thurber, and Hannibal Green under name of Nazro, Thurber, 
& Green, at No. 233 River Street, in 1832, who were succeeded by Nazro & 
Green, in 1834; Green & Cramer (George H. Cramer), in 1838; Hannibal 
Green, in 1852; Hannibal Green & Son (Moses C. Green), in 1866; Hanni- 
bal Green, in 1872, and in April, 1875, by the present firm, formed by Edward 
M. Green and William M. Sanford. The Green Building, extending from 
Fourth Street to the alley east of it, was erected in 1855. 

Albert E. Bonesteel, dealer in imported and American hardware, cutlery, 
tools, and builders' supplies, at No. 313 River Street, continues the business 
begun by Leonard Smith at No. 331 River Street in 1867. His successor, 
R. H. Benedict, in 1868, occupied the building No. 333 River Street. In 
1869, he and Albert E. Bonesteel formed the firm of Benedict & Bonesteel, 
and moved the stock to No. 313 River Street, where since 1872, Albert E. 
Bonesteel has individually conducted the business. 

Charles F. Drake, manufacturer of saddles, harness, and horse cloths, and 
dealer in carriage and saddlery hardware, at No. 221 River Street, succeeded 
in 1889, to the business begun by his father, Francis Drake, at No. 224 River 
Street in 1846. His successors were Francis Drake & Co. (P. Jones & Co.), 
1873; Winne, Burdick, & Co. (John E. Winne and A. T. Burdick), 1874; 
Winne & Drake (John E. Winne and Charles F. Drake), January 1st, 1883; 
and Charles F. Drake, January 1st, 18S9. 

Curtis & Rickerson (Montgomery G. Curtis and Seward Rickerson), manu- 
facturers of harness and horse goods, and dealers in carriage and saddlery 
hardware at Nos. 407 to 413 Broadway, represent the business begun by John 



396 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

Connolly in the same building in 1857, who in 1869, with Montgomery G. 
Curtis formed the firm of Connolly & Curtis. On the admission of the senior 
member's son, Edward J. Connolly, in 1872, the name was changed to Con- 
nollys & Curtis. From January 1st, 1S7S, to February 1st, 1886, Montgomery 
G. Curtis individually conducted the business, who then entered into the 
present partnership of Curtis & Rickerson. The firm represents the Curtis- 
Randall Manufacturing Company, makers of the popular whip sockets and 
fastenings, etc., invented and patented by P. D. Randall, who in recent years 
had his manufactory in the Chamberlin Building, on the south-east corner 
of River Street and Cemetery Avenue. 

Starkweather & Allen, dealers in crockery, china, and glassware, at Nos. 
235 and 237 River Street, are successors of Benjamin Peirce, who, in the first 
decade of the century, engaged in the business at No. 3 Lane's Row, on the 
east side of River Street, near the corner of First Street Subsequently he 
and Daniel Sackett formed the firm of Peirce & Sackett. On June 20th, 
1820, their store was burned in the great fire of that day. In the fall of 1820, 
Peirce, Sackett, & Co., occupied No. 2 Lane's Row, afterward known as No. 
222 River Street. The subsequent firms were B. Peirce & Son, 1827, who 
in 1833 moved to No. 235 River Street; B. Peirce, Son, & Co., 1834; B. 
Peirce & Co., 1836; Peirce & Kellogg, 1840; Peirce & King, 1849; Peirce & 
Southwick, 1853; Gray & White, 1856; Buckley, Allen, & Co. (Thomas 
Buckley, Frederick P. Allen, and Richard D. Starkweather), 1858; Allen 
& Starkweather, 1S61; Starkweather & Norton (G. A. Norton), 1864; 
Starkweather, Norton, & Cahoone (E. R. Cahoone), 1865; R. D. Stark- 
weather, 1867; Starkweather & Allen (F. P. Allen), 1870; Starkweather, 
Allen, & Baker (William V. Baker), 1872; Starkweather & Allen, February 
1st, 1880. 

Alexander & Becker (W. J. Alexander and F. M. Becker), at No. 341 
River Street, dealers in crockery, glass and silver-plated ware, continue the 
business begun by William S. Ledyard at No. 343 River Street in 1838. His 
successors were Ledyard & Weed (James Weed), 1S40; James Weed & Co. 
(Charles A. Weed), at No. 345 River Street, in 1S42; Weeds & Hamblin 
(James and Charles A. Weed and Myron Hamblin), 1846; Weed & Hamblin 
(Charles A. Weed), 1847; Myron Hamblin, No. 2,7?, River Street, 1856; U. C. 
Allen, 1857; James C. Burch, 1861; L. D. Baker, 1863; L. D. Baker & Co., 
1865; Allen & Baker (Frederick P. Allen), 1869; William V. Baker & Co. 
(F. P. Allen and Richard D. Starkweather), 1870; Saunders & Briggs (John 
S. Saunders and David C. Briggs), 1872; John S. Saunders, 1876, who moved 
in 1878 to Nos. 335 and 337 River Street; and Alexander & Becker, 1S87, who, 
in 1891, moved to No. 341 River Street. 






TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 397 

The first bookstore in the village was opened in 1799 by Thomas, Andrews, 
& Penniman, "proprietors of the Albany bookstore," in a building "next 
door north of the store of Messrs. G. & B. Tibbits." The earliest established 
one now in the city is that of William H. Young, publisher, bookseller, and 
stationer, at Nos. 7 and 9 First Street. The successors of the founder of it, 
Ebenezer Piatt, who began dealing in books and stationery in the spring of 
1 82 1, in a building on the west side of River Street, opposite Titus' Tavern, 
were E. & D. W. Piatt, 1821; E. Piatt & Co. (John Rousseau), at No. 172 
River Street, 1825; Clark & Hosford (Zephaniah Clark and James L. Hos- 
ford), 1828; Z. Clark & Co. (Joseph Hosford), at No. 216 River Street, 1832; 
Zephaniah Clark, 1832; Young & Hartt (William H. Young and Charles P. 
Hartt), March 1st, 1842; William H. Young, 1851; Young & Benson (Wil- 
liam H. Young and Benjamin D. Benson), 1861, who in 1864 occupied the four- 
story brown-stone-front building Nos. 7 and 9 River Street, erected that year 
by William H. Young, and connected with the store, No. 216 River Street; 
William H. Young, 1866; Young & Blake (Frederick Blake), 1869; and Wil- 
liam H. Young, 1875. In 1871, the latter, having exchanged the property No. 
216 River Street for that of No. 214, erected the three-story brick building, 
now designated by the last number, and connected it with the store fronting 
on First Street. 

Nims & Knight, publishers and dealers in books and stationery, on the 
south-west corner of Broadway and Second Street, are the successors of W. 
& H. Merriam, who opened a book store at No. 9 Cannon Place, in 1842. 
They were followed by the firms of Merriam, Moore, & Co. (Ransom B. 
Moore), 1847; Merriam & Moore (Homer Merriam and R. B. Moore), 1851; 
Merriam, Moore, & Co. (Henry B. Nims), February 12th, 1852; Moore & 
Nims, 1858; H. B. Nims & Co. (Joseph Knight and Henry T. Smith), Feb- 
ruary 1st, 1869; and Nims & Knight, February 1st, 1886. 

Smyth & Co., booksellers and stationers at No. 266 River Street, are the 
successors of William Cluett, who engaged in the business at No. 75 Congress 
Street in 1854; William Cluett & Son, 1857; William Cluett & Sons, 1863; 
Brainerd & Tibbals, 1867 ; Brainerd & Waite, 1868 ; Brainerd & Brown, 1870 ; 
S. S. Brainerd, 1876 ; and Howe & Smyth (Horace G. Howe and James 
Smyth, 2d), 1880. The present firm was formed by James Smyth, 2d, and 
Samuel B. Smyth in 1889. 

The oldest piano, organ and music house in the city is that of Cluett & 
Sons, at No. 265 River Street. William Cluett, who died on September iSth, 
1890, began the business in 1854, at No. 75 Congress Street, from which he 
moved in 185610 No. 266 River Street. In 1857, he and his son, J. W. A. 
Cluett, became associated under the name of William Cluett & Son. On the 



39§ TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

withdrawal of his son in 1863 to engage in the manufacture of collars and 
cuffs, the present partners, Frederick H. and Edmund Cluett, entered into part- 
nership with their father under the name of William Cluett & Sons. From 
1877 to 1888, N. L. Weatherby was a member of the firm. 

The business of a watchmaker and jeweler was first followed in Troy, it 
would seem, by Nathaniel Adams, soon after the village was given the name. 
Young & Bell (James Young, the father of William H. Young, the bookseller, 
and William Bell) succeeded the firm of Adams & Whipple in 1809. On the 
dissolution of the partnership in 1812, James Young continued in the business 
until his retirement from it in 1837. 

The proprietorship of the earliest established watch and jewelry store now 
in the city is represented by James W. Cusack, dealer in imported and Ameri- 
can watches, French clocks, precious stones, gold and silverware, at No. 3 
Times Building, on the north-east corner of Broadway and Third Street. 
Since the year 181 2, when Abraham Fellows engaged in the business in a 
building then standing on the site of the Alhambra, No. 197 River Street, the 
successive proprietors have been Dennis & Fitch (Stephen A. Dennis and 
Dennis M. Fitch), No. 197 River Street, 1835; Dennis M. Fitch, No. 197 
River Street, 1841, and No. 200 River Street, Museum Building, north-east 
corner of River and State streets, 1843; Fitch & Cusack (Edward Cusack), 
1853; James W. Cusack, under the name of Fitch & Cusack, February ist, 
1855; James W. Cusack, February ist, 1857; James W. Cusack & Co. 
(William F. Clendinnen), No. 248 River Street, 1866; and James W. Cusack, 
1S71, who in 1872 occupied his present store in the Times Building. 

William C. Seaton, jr., watchmaker and jeweler, on the south-west corner 
of Broadway and Fourth Street, who succeeded L. C. Champney on May ist, 
1888, continues the business begun by George Fisher, at No. 21 Congress 
Street, in 1838. 

The oldest hat and fur store in the city is that of Ezra W. Boughton & Co., 
at No. 248 River Street. The founder, George Fry, engaged in the business 
in 1822, in a building standing on the site of Harmony Hall, known in 1829 
as No. 262 River Street. His successors were Fry & Rousseau (Henry 
Rousseau), 1825; E. W. & E. H. Boughton, 1842; E. H. Boughton, 1848; 
Rousseau & Boughton (Henry Rousseau and E. W. Boughton), 1849; Ezra 
W. Boughton, 1856 ; E. W. Boughton & Co. (E. W. and E. M. Boughton and 
Henry Broughton), 1871; E. W. Boughton & Co. (Henry Broughton) 1874; 
E. W. Boughton & Co. (Henry Broughton and Edward H. Boughton), 1881; 
and Ezra W. Boughton & Co. (Edward H. Boughton), 1887. 

One of the oldest retail boot and shoe stores in the city is that of Charles 
H. Wilson & Co., which was established at No. 236, now No. 242 River 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 399 

Street, by Joseph Windmill, who engaged in the business of shoemaking 
about the year 1828 at No. 297 River Street. John L. Williams succeeded 
him in 1836, and Charles H. Wilson the latter, on June 6th, 1851. In 1866, 
Charles H. Wilson and George A. Caldwell became associated as Charles H. 
Wilson & Co., dealers in ladies' and gentlemen's fine boots and shoes at No. 
242 River Street. In 1887, Charles E., and, in 1890, Henry A. Wilson, sons 
of the senior member of the firm, were admitted as partners in the business, 
who with their father have conducted it since the death of George A. Cald- 
well on December 10th, 1888. 

Chauncey D. Packard & Son (Augustus P.), boot and shoe dealers on the 
north-west corner of Congress and Third streets, represent the business begun 
by Timothy and Davis Packard at No. 57 Congress Street about the year 
1828. The senior member of the present firm, Chauncey D. Packard, became 
associated with his father as Davis Packard & Co. in 1858, and they were suc- 
ceeded by Chauncey D. Packard & Co. (Warren P. Packard), in 1863; 
Chauncey D. Packard in 1869 ; Chauncey D. Packard & Co. (Eugene C. and 
Angelo S. Packard) in 1871; Chauncey D. Packard in 1873, ar >d by the pres- 
ent firm in 1883. 

The oldest wholesale boot and shoe house in the city is that of J. M. Mc- 
Donnell, dealer in boots and shoes, both leather and rubber, at No. 229 River 
Street, who continues the business begun by Elisha Talmadge and Jacob C. 
Wood, as Talmadge & Wood, at No. 1S9 River Street, in 1841. Their suc- 
cessors were Talmadge, Wood, & Wilson (T. A. Wilson), 1853 ; Talmadge & 
Wilson, 1S54; Talmadge, Wood, & Co. (J. R. Prentice), 1856; Wood, Willard, 
& Prentice (Clarence Willard), 1859; Wood, Prentice, & Co. (J. V. D. S. 
Merrill), 1870; Wood & Merrill, 1877; and J. M. McDonnell, November 1st, 
1886. 

The oldest rubber goods house in Troy is that of Daniel Klock, jr., & Co., 
founded by Henry Mayell, who engaged in the business at No. 190 River 
Street in i860. Frederick A. Plum succeeded him in 186 1. In 1866, Daniel 
Klock, jr., became proprietor of the store, and in 1868 moved it to No. 11 
Mansion House Block, from which, in 1879, he removed it to No. 10 Broad- 
way. In 1881, he occupied the building No, 273 River Street with his whole- 
sale stock, from which he removed it in 1882 to No. 227 River Street. On 
April 10th, 1888, he and William H. Mann became associated under the firm 
name of Daniel Klock, jr., & Co., jobbers of rubber goods, leather belting, 
and manufacturers' supplies at No. 10 Broadway, and wholesale dealers in 
rubber boots and shoes at No. 227 River Street. 

The oldest furniture establishment in the city, that of Green & Waterman 
at Nos. 281 and 283 River Street, was founded by Elijah Galusha in 1828, 



400 TRO Y 'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

whose warerooms were that year on the west side of River Street " two doors 
south of Starbuck & Gurley's furnace." The firm of Green & Waterman 
was formed by J. Crawford Green and Marcus M. Waterman on April ist, 
1872. 

The next oldest is the furniture house of Crandall & Hartwell at Nos. 331 
and 333 River Street, founded by Leonard Smith, at No. 312 River Street, in 
1854. Louis S. Crandall and Frank C. Hartwell, successors to Louis Cran- 
dall, formed their partnership on March ist, 1889. 

Stephen W. Barker, dealer in wool, at Nos. 171 and 173 River Street, since 
September 13th, 1883, is the successor of John Kerr, who engaged in the 
business at No. 127 River Street in 1832; John Kerr & Co., 1835; Knowlson 
& Morgan, 1865; James S. Knowlson & Co., 1870; Knowlson & Organ, 1874; 
and Stephen Barker, 1876. 

Theodore A. Clexton, dealer in wool, pelts, and hides, at Nos. 529 and 531 
River Street, continues the business established by his father, Samuel R. 
Clexton in 1840. 

The oldest flour and commission house in the city is that of James E. Kim- 
ball & Son (Charles P.), at No. 139 River Street, founded by Bates & Griffin 
in 1848. The senior member of the present firm, formed in 1887, became 
associated with John W. Bates and John B. Griffin, in 1857, as Bates, Griffin, 
& Co., at No. 141 River Street. 

William F. Stansfield, pork packer, wholesale provision and produce com- 
mission merchant, at No. 147 River Street, succeeded, in 1885, to the busi- 
ness begun by Francis A. Fales at No. 149 River Street, in 1850. 

Martin Milligan, wholesale commission dealer in country produce, game, 
and fruit, at No. 273 River Street, is the successor of M. & M. Milligan, who 
engaged in the business in 1856. 

Harvey & Eddy (D. H. Harvey and C. G. Eddy), dealers in salt, fish, and 
provisions, at No. 277 River Street, continue as successors the business begun 
by Robert Harvey & Brother, at No. 355 Fulton Street, in 1873. 

The earliest established tin-ware and house-furnishing goods store now in the 
city is that of F. O. Stiles, on the north-east corner of River and Jacob streets. 
The present proprietor became in 1881 the successor of E. G. Akin & Co. 
(L. R. Graves and H. G. Root), 1849; E. G. Akin & Co. ( L. R. Graves and 
F. O. Stiles), i860; E. G. Akin & Co. (F. O. Stiles and Charles Root), 1867; 
Stiles & Root, 1873; and F. O. Stiles & Brother (Sidney N. Stiles), 1877. 

J. M. Dutcher & Son (T. Henry Dutcher), dealers in hardware, tin-ware, 
and house-furnishing goods at No. 96 Congress Street, succeeded in 1866 to 
the business begun by E. S. Harris and Jacob M. Dutcher as Harris & 
Dutcher, at No. 170 Congress Street, in 1865. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 40 1 

Reardon & Ennis, dealers in stoves and ranges and manufacturers of gal- 
vanized iron cornices and tin-ware, at No. 311 River Street, continue the 
business begun there by E. Bussey & Co. (T. H. Bussey), in 1863, whose 
successors were T. H. Bussey, 1865; McLeod & Reardon (Harvey S. McLeod 
and John Reardon), 1866; Reardon, Ennis, & Co. (John Reardon, George H. 
Ennis, and Harvey S. McLeod), 1883, and Reardon & Ennis (John Reardon 
and George H. Ennis), 1885. 

William A. Sherman, dealer in stoves and house-furnishing goods and 
manufacturer of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, roofing and gutters, at No. 
259 River Street, engaged in the business of manufacturing tin-ware, at 
No. 401 River Street, in 1873. In 1S74, he formed with Thomas H. Fitz- 
patrick the firm of Sherman & Fitzpatrick, at No. 303 River Street. From 
1875 to 1883, he conducted the business at Nos. 451 and 453 Fulton Street, 
when he removed to No. 259 River Street, in 1883. He is the exclusive agent 
for the retail sale of the stoves and furnaces of the Fuller & Warren Co., in 
Troy. 

William Loeble, manufacturer of galvanized iron cornices and worker in tin 
and copper, at No. 422 River Street, engaged in the business at Laundry 
Place in 1874. 

Cyrus Carter, dealer in wooden and willow ware and house-furnishing goods, 
at Nos. 335 and t>j7 River Street, continues the business begun by Ira S. 
Reed, at No. 209 River Street, in 1864. 

The business of merchandising in agricultural implements and machinery 
begun by Henry Warren at No. 469 River Street in 1842, is now prosecuted 
by Morrison & Westfall, dealers in field and garden seeds and farming imple- 
ments, on the south-west corner of Grand and Front streets. The firm was 
formed by Leonard Morrison and P. J. Westfall, successors of Morrison & 
Halstead, on September 1st, 1890. 

H. W. Gordinier, dealer in agricultural implements, seeds, hay, grain, and 
feed, at Nos. 357 and 359 River Street, continues the business begun by Hobbs, 
Grant, & Co., at No. 355 River Street in 1853. In 1883, H. W. Gordinier 
became associated with James L. Rice and formed the firm of Rice & Gordinier, 
which he succeeded in 1886. 

. H. D. Hull, dealer in farming tools, hardware, field and garden seeds, at 
No. 124 Congress Street, corner of Fifth Avenue, is a successor of Hobbs, 
Grant, & Co., who engaged in the business at No. 355 River Street in 1853. 
In 1872, on his withdrawal from the firm of Nutting, Hull, & Co., he occupied 
the store on Congress Street. 

The oldest gasfitters' and plumbers' supply house in the city is that of Lee 
Chamberlin, dealer in wrought-iron pipe and fittings, plumbers and machinists' 
5 1 



402 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

supplies, and automatic fire-sprinklers, at Nos. 215 and 217 River Street, is 
successor to Pierce & King (Alfred H. Pierce and W. T. King), who founded 
the business in a building in the rear of Cannon Place, in 1S50; Pierce & 
Southwick (Lewis L. Southwick), No. 217 River Street, 1853; Southwick & 
Barnes (William Barnes), 1857 ; D. Southwick, 1859 ; Smart & Barnes (Rob- 
ert T. Smart), 1870; Smart & Son (R. T. Smart, jr.), 1872 ; Smart & Co. (D. 
R. McChesney), 1874; George F. Oliver, 1875; Holland & Thompson (T. 
Holland and J. F. Thompson), 1877; Holland & Thompson Manufacturing 
Co., 1886; and Chamberlin, Bottum, & Co. (Lee Chamberlin, M. A. Bottum, 
and James W. Daly), Nos. 215 and 217 River Street, 1888. Since 1889, the 
business has been conducted by Lee Chamberlin. 

The tobacco house of J. G. Zimmermann's Sons (J. G. Zimmermann, jr., and 
J. J. Zimmermann), importers and dealers in tobacco, at No. 187 River Street, 
was established in 1848. Fitzpatrick & Draper (Philip Fitzpatrick and Fred- 
erick E. Draper), manufacturers of cigars and wholesale dealers in tobacco at 
No. 286 River and Nos. 9 and 1 1 Third Street, became associated in the busi- 
ness on September 8th, 1869. William A. Lent & Co. (William A. Lent and 
Richard T. Black), wholesale tobacconists and cigar manufacturers, at No. 
310 River Street, engaged in the business on June 22d, 1877. 

Charles H. Dauchy & Co. (Marcus D. Russell), manufacturers and dealers 
in paints, varnishes, white lead, turpentine, brushes, machinery, fish, and lard 
oils, kerosene, French and American plate and window glass, at No. 279 River 
Street, are the successors of Deuel & Dauchy (W. H. Deuel and C. H. 
Dauchy), No. 311 River Street, 1870; C. H. Dauchy, 1871; Dauchy & Travis 
(Jacob G. Travis), No. 273 River Street, 1872 ; Dauchy, Travis, & Co. (P. J. 
Marsh). 1873; C - H. Dauchy, 1874; Dauchy & Brother (John B.), 1877; and 
C. H. Dauchy, 18S5. The present firm was formed on January 1st, 1889. 

The first " tailor and habit-maker" to settle in the village was Asa Crossen 
from New London, who advertised in 1788 "that if elegance in fitting ladies 
and gentlemen in the newest fashion " were " an inducement to them to honor 
him with their commands" he was competent to give them " general satisfac- 
tion." The earliest established of the large clothing-houses now in the city 
is that of W. & M. Gross on the north-west corner of Congress Street and 
Fifth Avenue. The members of the enterprising firm in 1S77 succeeded to 
the business of their father, Louis Gross, who engaged in it at No. 52 Con- 
gress Street in 185 1. 

Julius Saul, the well-known merchant tailor and clothier, who since 1879 
has occupied the building Nos. 324 and 326 River and Nos. 23 and 25 Fourth 
Street, engaged in the business in Troy, in 1867, at No. 324 River Street, 
from which he removed in 1872 to Nos. 336 and 338 River Street. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



403 



Wells & Coverly (Frederick E. Wells and James M. Coverly), men and 
boys' clothiers, at Nos. 336 and 338 River and Nos. 13-17 Fourth Street, on 
April 17th, 1890, became the successors of Morris Gross, who engaged in the 
business at No. 1 19 Congress Street in 1868, and, in 1880, moved to the build- 
ing occupied by the present firm. 

Mertens & Phalen (Jacob M. Mertens and Patrick Phalen), manufacturers 
and retailers of men and boys' clothing, at Nos. 348-352 River and Nos. 1-7 
Fourth Street, engaged in the business in Troy on April 13th, 1891. 




W. & L. E. GURLEY S ENGINEERING INSTRUMENT WORKS. 
North-east corner of Fulton Street and Fifth Avenue. 



The first buildings used for merchandising and manufacturing within the 
original limits of the village were mostly destroyed by fire, the greater num- 
ber in the conflagrations of 1820 and 1862. The Covell dwelling and store, 
Nos. 109 and 11 1 River Street, "Uncle Sam "Wilson's home, No. 43 Ferry 
Street, and the Hale house on the north-east corner of Second and Ferry 



404 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 




THE EARL & WILSON BUILDING. 

streets, and several other frame tenements still remain as memorials of the 
early architecture of the place. 

The largest buildings erected in recent years in the city are those in which 
the manufacture of collars, cuffs, and shirts is pursued. Representing as they 
do the local importance of Troy's most famous industry, they stand in high 
contrast with those humble workrooms in which string collars and shirt bosoms 
were made fifty years ago when Professor Amos Eaton of the Rensselaer 
School concluded that it was apparent folly for any one to venture time and 
money in so petty an undertaking. 

Earl & Wilson, whose familiar trade-mark E & W is displayed so conspicu- 
ously by their numerous customers throughout the United States, were the 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 4° 5 

first manufacturers of collars and cuffs in Troy to erect a building particularly- 
designed architecturally for their business. Fronting eighty-six feet on Sev- 
enth Street, and extending one hundred and five along the south side of 
Broadway, the large five-story brick structure presents in its various features 
an establishment admirably planned and sanitarily fitted for the requirements 
of the firm and the comfort of the operatives. Earl & Wilson notably exem- 
plify the enterprise of those whose names have long been associated with the 
city's leading industry. Confirmed in the opinion that excellently-made col- 
lars and cuffs readily influence buyers, the firm emulously strives to perpetuate 
the popularity of its goods by the use of carefully-selected material and the 
skill of experienced operatives. Beginning with the genesis of the Earl & 
Wilson collars and cuffs in the cutting and pattern rooms and following them 
through all the developments of the deft handiwork to which they are sub- 
jected before reaching the laundry, one cannot fail in seeing the critical super- 
vision practiced by the firm to obtain the attractive features which so highly 
commend its collars and cuffs. This assiduous attention to the varied details 
of manufacture is a primary explanation of the success of the firm in achieving 
the distinction which it enjoys in the special reputation of its goods. The 
practical knowledge of the business early acquired by the senior member of 
the firm, William S. Earl, has likewise greatly conduced to its prosperity. 
His experience in the manufacture of collars and cuffs began in 1848 with 
his employment in the factory of his father-in-law, Jefferson Gardner, in 
King Street. In 1850, he individually engaged in the business at No. 51 
North Third Street, and from 1856 to 1858 he was associated with Edwin D. 
Blanchard in the firm of Earl & Blanchard, linen manufacturers, in the Manu- 
facturers' Bank Building. On January 1st, 1867, he and Washington Wilson 
entered into partnership under the name of Earl & Wilson, and began manu- 
facturing collars and cuffs at No. 5 Union Street. His son Gardner, who 
died on May 3d, 1887, was admitted into the firm in 1873, and Arthur R. 
Wilson, a brother of Washington Wilson, in 1S81, and Edgar K. Betts in De- 
cember, 1887. Earl & Wilson occupied their building on the south-west cor- 
ner of Seventh Street and Broadway in 1876. The firm's store and salesrooms 
are in the Century Building, Nos. 33 and 35 East Seventeenth Street, New 
York. For the sale of its goods in the West the firm has a store at No. 268 
Fifth Avenue, Chicago. 

The name of Corliss, associated for fifty-three years with the manufacture 
of collars and cuffs in Troy, still endures in that of the firm of Corliss Brothers 
& Co., engaged in the business in the Earl & Wilson Building on the south- 
west corner of Seventh Street and Broadway. The venerable founder of the 
house, John M. Corliss, entered upon his long career in this industry in 1838, 



/ 



406 TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

when he began with Arnold H. Holdridge, as Holdridge & Corliss, manufac- 
turing collars and shirt bosoms at No. 8 Sixth Street. On the dissolution of 
the partnership in 1839, he individually pursued the business until 1840, when 
he and John W. White, as Corliss & White, continued it at No. 345 River 
Street until 1842. From that year he conducted it again individually until 
1846, when he and Hiram House formed the firm of Corliss & House. On 
the admission of Samuel N. Ide as a partner in 1854, its name was changed 
to Corliss, House, & Co., and on his withdrawal in 1S57, to Corliss & House. 
In 1 868, the firm was succeeded by that of John M. Corliss & Son, when 
Wilbur F. Corliss became associated in the business with his father. In 1878, 
John M. Corliss & Son began manufacturing in the Earl & Wilson Building. 
The firm of Corliss Brothers & Co. was formed on November 1st, 1882, by 
Wilbur F., Charles H., and John A. Corliss, and Elmer H. Garrett, from 
which Charles H. Corliss withdrew on November 1st, 1890. The fine goods 
made by the firm, bearing its trade-emblem of a clover leaf, lettered " Corliss 
brand," have a wide popularity in the United States. Corliss Brothers & Co. 
distribute their goods to the trade through their stores at No. 643 Broadway, 
New York. No. 48 Summer Street, Boston, and Nos. 247 and 249 Monroe 
Street, Chicago. 

William Barker, manufacturer of the Barker brand of linen collars and cuffs, 
in the Earl & Wilson Building, on the south-west corner of Seventh Street 
and Broadway, has widely popularized his goods by making them of a superior 
weight and quality of linen and employing a body of operatives whose skill 
and experience are attractively disclosed in the beauty and perfection of their 
work. The special and important feature of his collars and cuffs is that both 
sides are linen, which greatly enhances their durability and adds an element 
of grace not obtainable in a combination of other material. The distinguish- 
ing trade-mark embellishing these fine goods is the figure of an English bull- 
dog whose neck is encircled with a collar on which is engraved the name 
" Barker." The wide sale of the Barker brand of pure Irish linen collars and 
cuffs is ample evidence of the excellence of the goods. The founder of the 
factory was J. W. Wheeler, who engaged in the business, at No. 376 River 
Street, in 1866. His successors were Wheeler, Bisco, & Corning (A. K. 
Wheeler, Charles D. Bisco, and Douglas Corning), August, 1866; Bisco, 
Corning, & Abey (Harry T. Abey), November, 1866; Bisco & Corning, Nos. 
7, 9, and 11 Sixth Street, 1872 ; Douglas Corning, 1876; Douglas Corning & 
Co. (William Barker), January 1st, 1881; Corning & Barker, January 1st, 
1885 ; and William Barker, December, 1887. To facilitate the distribution 
of his goods, William Barker has a salesroom at No. 810 Broadway, New 
York City, and one at Nos. 209 and 211 Jackson Street, Chicago. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 4°7 

The house of duett, Coon, & Co., the name of which has recently become 
familiar to the commercial circles of our country, is the outgrowth of the 
consolidation of two extensive and long-established manufacturing firms, each 
member of which has spent the larger portion of his life-time in the business 
to which he is now devoting his personal experience. The two firms now 
represented by Cluett, Coon, & Co., were Geo. B. Cluett, Bro.. & Co., and 
Coon & Co., composed respectively of the following members : George B., 
J. W. A., and Robert Cluett, and John H. Coon, Daniel \V. Coon, Henry 
C. Statzell, and Frederick F. Peabody. The story of the mercantile career 
of the first is soon told. Perhaps in proportion to its success may be its 
uneventfulness ; but it still has an interest peculiarly its own. The firm of 
Geo. B. Cluett, Bro., & Co. was founded in 1863, succeeding to the business 
of Maullin & Cluett. In 1851, Joseph Maullin and E. D. Blanchard engaged 
in the manufacture of men's collars at No. 310 River Street. They were 
succeeded in 1856 by Maullin & Bigelow, and they in 1861 by Maullin, Bigelow, 
& Co. The members of that firm were Joseph Maullin, Charles H. Bigelow, 
and George B. Cluett, the latter having had charge of the manufacturing 
department of the firm of Maullin & Bigelow from 1858 to the dissolution of 
the partnership of Maullin, Bigelow, & Co. In 1862, Joseph Maullin and 
George B. Cluett organized the firm of Maullin & Cluett. On the death of 
the senior partner in 1863, George B. Cluett, J. W. A. Cluett, and Charles J. 
Saxe united in the firm of Geo. B. Cluett, Bro., & Co. J. W. A. Cluett had 
held a position in the manufacturing department from 1852 to the close of 
1857. On the withdrawal of Charles J. Saxe, in 1866, Robert Cluett became 
a member of the firm, having held a responsible position under the firms of 
Maullin & Cluett and Geo. B. Cluett, Bro., & Co. since 1862. In 1874, the 
name of R. S. Norton was associated with the firm, and was so continued 
until his death in 1887. The factory of Geo. B. Cluett, Bro., & Co. was located, 
from 1862 to 1874, at No. 390 River Street. From 1875 to 1880 at Nos. 74 
and 76 Federal Street, the building being destroyed by fire on March 20th, 1880. 
On the day of the fire, new quarters were found at 556 Fulton Street, the busi- 
ness proceeding without further interruption. In 1 88 1 , the first of the three 
factories of the present firm, covering an area of one hundred by one hundred 
feet, was erected and occupied. The second building, fifty by one hundred 
feet, was first occupied in 1884. In 1890, the present house centralized its 
entire manufacturing operations by occupying its third building, one hundred 
by one hundred feet; the entire establishment having a frontage of two hun- 
dred and fifty feet, and forming one of the most prominent features of the city. 

The history of the origin and progress of the successful firm of Coon & Co. 
is a record of business devotion and unremitting perseverance. This house 








CLUETT, COON, .£ CO. S SHIRT, COLLAR, AND CUFF FACTORIES. 



TRO V'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 409 

was established in 1856 by John H. Coon and H. W. Cole, the former having 
recently returned after a successful venture in California. The firm of Cole 
& Coon first manufacturing collars at the north-west corner of Grand Division 
and North Third streets, removed thence in 1859 to tne Manufacturers' Bank 
Building. On the admission in that year of J. M. Van Volkenburgh, the 
name of the firm became Cole, Coon, & Co. In 1861, the business was re- 
moved to No. 7 Union Street, and continued there until destroyed in the 
great fire of 1862. In 1861, Mr. Cole had withdrawn, and Coon & Van Vol- 
kenburgh had succeeded to the business. On the withdrawal of J. M. Van 
Volkenburgh in 1868, J. H. Coon, W. H. Reynolds, and Daniel W. Coon 
founded the firm of Coon, Reynolds, & Co., which continued in successful 
operation to the death of W. H. Reynolds in 1879. I" tnat year the firm of 
Coon & Co. was formed by J. H. Coon, D. W. Coon, H. C. Statzell, and F. 
F. Peabody ; the last two members having held important positions with the 
preceding firm. The factory was removed in 1881 to the upper stories of No. 
556 Fulton Street. Here again the industrial operations of the firm were for 
awhile suspended by fire, the building being partly burned on the night of 
February 19th, 1885. The success of Coon & Co. was due in no small meas- 
ure to the individual enterprise of the several members of the firm. Each 
had his field of responsibility; D. W. Coon taking charge of the factory, and 
J. H. Coon, H. C. Statzell, and F. F. Peabody having the care of the sales- 
rooms in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, and San Francisco. 

The successes of Cluett, Coon, & Co. have run parallel with the growth 
and prosperity of the city. In the beginning of their career, the shirt and 
collar manufacturers of Troy occupied such premises as they found most in 
harmony with their limited circumstances. Lofts, garrets, and basements 
came into requisition ; but in the course of time, the want of better accommo- 
dations necessitated the erection of buildings specially designed for their pur- 
poses. The position occupied in the public confidence by the goods of Cluett, 
Coon, & Co. has been fairly striven for and won. The house disposes of its 
productions entirely to retail dealers, and to facilitate their distribution, 
branches have been established in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, 
Chicago, and San Francisco. The firm being extensive advertisers, its name 
and trade-marks are familiar as household words throughout the United 
States, and the prosperity now enjoyed by it is a legitimate consequence of 
its enterprise and industry. 

One of the most massive brick buildings in the city is the shirt, collar, and 

cuff manufactory of George P. Ide & Co., on the west side of River Street, 

immediately north r of Hutton Street. The imposing five-story structure, 

fronting one hundred and fifty feet on River Street, and having a depth of 

5 2 



4'0 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

one hundred and twenty-six, was erected in 1880, and occupied by the firm on 
May 26th, 1882. The spacious, many-windowed workrooms are admirably 
fitted for the extensive business of the widely-known firm. In them are 
seen great numbers of girls and women deftly advancing with active hands 
and watchful eyes the manifold operations attending the making of the popu- 
lar goods. The cutting, laundering, packing, and other departments of the 
establishment are also places of special attraction to persons unacquainted 
with its magnitude. A part of the site of the attractive building was occu- 
pied as early as 1788 by the store of Daniel Carpenter, one of the first 
settlers of Troy. Opposite it, on the north-east corner of River and Hutton 
streets, stood the two-story dwelling in which Christopher and Timothy 
Hutton resided in the early part of the century. It and a number of other 
buildings on that and the opposite side of River Street were destroyed by 
fire on December 7th, 1879. The business of the firm of George P. Ide & 
Co. had its origin in the copartnership of George P. Ide and S. V. R. Ford, 
who, in 1865, engaged in the manufacture of collars and cuffs, at No. 506 
Fulton Street, under the name of Ide & Ford. On the admission of Samuel 
N. Ide as a member of the firm in 1867, its title was changed to that of Ide 
Brothers & Ford. In 1872, it became Ide Brothers & Bruce, by the with- 
drawal of S. V. R. Ford and the admission of Charles E. Bruce as a copart- 
ner. On the dissolution of the firm in 1S78, that of George P. Ide, Bruce, & 
Co. was formed by George P. Ide, Charles E. Bruce, and James M. Ide. The 
last was succeeded by that of George P. Ide & Co. in 18S4, the members of 
which were George P. Ide, James M. Ide, and Frank B. Twining. On De- 
cember 1st, 1889, Alba M. Ide, the son of the senior member, was admitted a 
partner. The energetic firm sends its goods to dealers throughout the United 
States, from the manufactory and also from its salesrooms in New York, 
Philadelphia, and Chicago. The Brokaw Manufacturing Company, organized 
on August 27th, 1890, of which George P. Ide is president, W. B. Brokaw, 
vice-president, and Frank B. Twining, secretary and treasurer, occupies a part 
of the establishment, Nos. 481 and 483, where it manufactures extensively 
neCTliaee shirts and outinsj snoods. 

Miller, Hall, & Hartwell, makers of shirts, collars, and cuffs, at Nos. 347 to 
357 River Street, enjoy the distinction of being the proprietors of the oldest 
and largest shirt manufactory in the city. The first building, erected in 1880, 
is an imposing brick structure, six stories high, having a frontage of one hun- 
dred feet and a depth of one hundred ; the new one, now building, adjoining 
it on the north, will have the same height and depth, and will extend along 
River Street to Vanderheyden Street, seventy-five feet. A large number of girls 
and women are employed in the spacious workrooms of the establishment, and 



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412 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

hundreds of others in the neighboring cities, villages, and country are pro- 
vided with work at their homes by the enterprising firm. The collars, cuffs, 
and shirts made by the firm are sold to dealers throughout the United States, 
everywhere maintaining the reputation so long popularizing the goods of 
these well-known manufacturers. The senior member of the firm, Justus 
Miller, engaged in the manufacture of collars and cuffs in Troy with A. P. 
Hamlin and Joseph Wheelock, under the name of Hamlin, Miller, & Co., at 
No. 464 Fulton Street, in 1866. Their successors, Miller & Wheelock, in 1867, 
then began manufacturing shirts. On the admission of E. W. Bingham in 
1874, the firm took the name of Miller, Wheelock, & Co., at No. 22 King 
Street. In 1875, Miller & Bingham succeeded to the business at Nos. 421 
and 423 River Street. After the death of the junior partner in 1877, his 
widow retained an interest in the business until 1878. Justus Miller con- 
ducted it under the name of Miller & Bingham, in the building Nos. 421 and 
423 River Street, until it was burned on December 7th, 1879. Until July 1st, 
1880, he occupied the building on the north-east corner of River and Hoosick 
streets, whence he moved to his new factory on the west side of River Street, 
between Hoosick and Vanderheyden streets. In 1884, the firm of Miller, 
Hall, & Hartwell was formed by Justus Miller, Frank B. Miller (his son), Wil- 
liam L. Hall, and Charles E. Hartwell. 

The United Shirt and Collar Company, formed by the well-known manu- 
facturers, S. A. House's Sons, James K. P. Pine, Sanford & Robinson, Beier- 
meister & Spicer, and Marshall & Briggs, was incorporated on May 7th, 1890, 
with a capital of $2,000,000, and began business under its name on July 1st, 
the officers of the company being Samuel B. Sanford, president ; Frederick 
Beiermeister, jr., and David C. Briggs, vice-presidents ; James K. P. Pine, 
treasurer, and Edward O. House, secretary. The consolidation of the inter- 
ests of the five long-established firms not only endowed the company with 
special advantages of increasing the manufacture of the collars, cuffs, and 
shirts bearing the different trade-marks of the united houses, but also invested 
it with more available facilities for augmenting- the sale of its standard goods 
and for curtailing expenditures for salesrooms and branch stores in the large 
cities. S. A. House's Sons (John M. and Edward O. House) represented the 
business begun by Samuel A. House at No. 3 Fourth Street in 1853, who 
with his sons in 1865 formed the firm of S. A. House & Sons, which, in 1878, 
was succeeded by that of S. A. House's Sons, manufacturers of the "Tiger" 
brand of collars and cuffs, in the Gurley Building. James K. P. Pine was 
first associated in the business with H. W. Cole and Clinton M. Dyer, as Cole, 
Dyer, & Pine, who began manufacturing in the Gurley Building, on Fulton 
Street, in 1862. Their successors were Dyer & Pine, 1867; Pine & Miller 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 413 

(H. B. Miller), 1868; Pine, Miller, & Dunham (T. M. Dunham), 1869 ; Pine, 
Adams, & Dunham (Charles H. Adams), 1874; Pine & Hamblin (Myron C. 
Hamblin), 1879; an ^ James K. P. Pine, 1S80, who, in 1884, moved to Lan- 
singburgh where in his large five-story brick building he manufactured his 
" Lion" brand of collars and cuffs. Sanford & Robinson (Samuel B. San- 
ford and George S. Robinson), in 1867, succeeded to the business begun in 
1866 by Day, Robinson, & Bradshaw (Hanford Day, George S. Robinson, 
and M. S. Bradshaw), at Nos. 7 and 9 First Street. In 1881, John and Robert 
Squires were admitted members of the firm, manufacturing collars and cuffs 
in the building on the north-east corner of Fifth Avenue and Broadway. 
Frederick Beiermeister, jr., of the firm of Beiermeister & Spicer, with his 
father, Frederick Beiermeister, sr., under the name of Beiermeister & Son, 
engaged in the manufacture of collars and cuffs at No. 361 River Street in 
1875. They were succeeded in 1880 by the firm of Beiermeister, Smith & 
Co. (R. M. Smith); in 1881, by Beiermeister, Smith, Burden, & Co. (John 
Burden); in 1882, by Beiermeister & Burden (F. Beiermeister, jr.), and in 
1884, by Beiermeister & Spicer (George A. Spicer), manufacturing in late 
years their "Anchor" brand of collars and cuffs at Nos. 509-513 River Street. 
Marshall & Briggs (John A. Marshall and David C. Briggs), recently manu- 
facturing their " M & B " brand of collars and cuffs at No. 382 River Street, 
engaged in the business in 1S76 at No. 2,77 River Street. The popular goods 
of the United Shirt and Collar Company are the product of its three factories; 
one on the north-east corner of Fifth Avenue and Broadway, in which are the 
business offices of the company; the "Anchor" factory at Nos. 509-513 River 
Street, and the " Lion " on the south-east corner of Second Avenue and 
Twenty-first Street, Lansingburgh. For a wide distribution of its goods the 
company has salesrooms in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chi- 
cago and San Francisco. 

Fellows & Company (James F. Fellows, James C. Archibald, George L. 
Hastings, and A. C. Fellows), manufacturers of men's linen collars and cuffs, 
on the south-west corner of Fulton and Union streets, became, on July 27th, 
1888, the successors of Lyman Bennett, 1834; Bennett, Hicks, & Edson, 
1853; Bennett & Edson, 1855 ; Bennett, Edson, & Strickland, i860; Bennett, 
Strickland, & Fellows (A. C. Fellows), 1861; Bennett & Fellows, 1866; Ben- 
nett, Fellows, & Co., 1868; Fellows & Curtis (H. C. Curtis), 1871; and Fel- 
lows & Co., 1884. 

Gunnison & Marvin, manufacturers of the " Electric " and " Meteor " brands 
of ladies' and gentlemen's fine linen collars and cuffs, at No. 1931 Sixth Ave- 
nue, represent by succession the first manufacturers of ladies' linen collars 
and cuffs in the city, William Gunnison and Walter D. Stewart, of the firm 



4H TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

of Gunnison & Stewart, at No. 304 River Street. The latter were succeeded 
by Gunnison, Stewart, & Co. (VV. W. Hastings), 1856; Gunnison & Stewart 
(James M. Stewart), 1858; Gunnison & Stewart (Albert P. Stewart), 1871; 
Gunnison & Stewart (William and William S. Gunnison), 1879; William 
Gunnison & Son (William S.), 1880; and Gunnison & Marvin (William S. 
Gunnison and I. V. Marvin), January 1st, 1886. 

J. Stettheimer, jr., & Co. (George I. and Charles H. Stettheimer), collar 
and cuff manufacturers at Nos. 553-559 Federal Street, are the successors of 
J. Stettheimer, who engaged in the business at No. 310 River Street in 1863. 

Holmes & Ide (Henry Holmes and John C. Ide), manufacturers of the 
" Imperial " brand of collars and cuffs, at Nos. 405-415 Federal Street, en- 
gaged in the business on December 1st, 1S69, with Stephen Parks, under the 
name of Parks, Ide, & Holmes, in the Manufacturers' Bank Building. On 
the withdrawal of Stephen Parks from the firm on December 1st, 1877, the 
present name was assumed by the junior members. 

Tim & Co., the proprietors of one of the largest collar and cuff factories in 
the city, engaged in the business in 1872, in the Grant Building on the south- 
east corner of Fifth and Federal streets; the members of the firm being at that 
time Louis and Solomon Tim and Max Herman. In 1874, they moved to 
No. 303 River Street, where, in 1876, J. O'Sullivan became a member of the 
firm. Desiring larger workrooms, Tim & Co. occupied, in 1878, the four- 
story brick building Nos. 553-559 Federal Street, from which the firm and 
that of Tim, Wallerstein, & Co. removed in 1881 and took possession of their 
new five-story factory, extending along the east side of Sixth Street eighty- 
three feet, with a depth of one hundred and twenty-three. There, in 1883, 
M. Ober was admitted a member of the firm, from which he withdrew in 1888, 
and Max Herman and J. O'Sullivan in 1889 On the association of Louis 
and Solomon Tim, E. Wallerstein, and Max Herman, as Tim, Wallerstein, & 
Co., shirt manufacturers, on April 1st, 1878, they with Tim & Co. occupied 
the Bunnell Building, Nos. 553-559 Federal Street. In 1880, J. O'Sullivan, 
and in 1883, M. Ober, became members of the firm, from which the last 
named retired in 1888, and Max Herman and J. O'Sullivan in 1889. The 
extensive establishment of the two firms, Nos. 1 724-1 742 Sixth Avenue, com- 
prises two buildings with a frontage of one hundred and sixty-three feet. 
The salesrooms of the firms are at No. 87 Franklin Street, New York. 

Joseph Bowman & Sons, at Nos. 553-559 Federal Street, maintain a well- 
established reputation of supplying their customers with a popular grade of 
goods attractive in style and of excellent material. The senior member of 
the firm, who engaged in the manufacture of collars and cuffs with William 
F. Mosely under the name of Bowman & Mosely in 1853, re-engaged in it at 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 415 

Nos. 485 and 487 River Street in 1877. In 1882, he and his sons, Cassius M. 
and Joseph Bowman, jr., entered into their present partnership. 

H. C. Curtis & Co. manufacture the popular "C & C" shirts, collars, and 
cuffs at Nos. 421 and 423 River Street. The founder of the factory, Henry 
C. Curtis, became a member of the firm of Bennett & Fellows in 186S, and 
with A. C. Fellows, as Fellows & Curtis, succeeded to the business in 1871. 
On February nth, 1884, he and Charles Cleminshaw formed the firm of H. 
C. Curtis & Co. In 1888, C. G. Cleminshaw, son of Charles Cleminshaw, 
became associated with them as a copartner. 

Ball Brothers (John C. Ball), makers of fine custom shirts, linen collars and 
cuffs, Nos. 58, 59, and 60 Hall Building, are the successors of Gallup & 
Tucker, 1864; Sidney D.Tucker & Co., 1867; Sidney D. Tucker, 1868; 
John C. Ball, 1870; and Ball Brothers (John C. and Clinton M.), 1871. 
Since 1878, John C. Ball has been conducting the business under the name of 
Ball Brothers. 

C. H. McClellan, at Nos. 553 and 5.59 Federal Street, manufactures the 
" Peerless " shirts and the fine linen collars and cuffs of the "American eagle " 
trade-mark. The founders of the factory, William H. Gallup and Sidney D. 
Tucker, as Gallup & Tucker, engaged in the manufacture of collars and shirt 
bosoms, at Nos. 329 and 331 River Street, in 1864. Their successors were 
Sidney D. Tucker & Co. (C. E. Hawley), in 1867; Sidney D. Tucker, 1868; 
Tucker & Flack (F. M. Flack), 1876; Flack & Denison (H. S. Denison), 
1879; Flack & Wales (Philip M.Wales), 1880; McClellan, Miller, & Co. (C. H. 
McClellan, John Miller, and J. W. Smart), November 2d, 1887; and C. H. 
McClellan on January 1st, 1889. 

Wood & Lewis, manufacturers of fine linen collars and cuffs at No. 7 
Union Street, are the successors of the firm of Wood, Lewis, & Hawley, 
formed on December 1st, 1881. On the retirement of C. H. Hawley, the 
other two members of it, James W. Wood and F. R. Lewis, entered into 
partnership as Wood & Lewis on January 10th, 1888. 

Wilbur, Miller, & Wilbur, whose " Red Seal" shirts and fine linen collars 
and cuffs are distinguished by many features of excellence both in quality of 
material and workmanship, are the successors of the firm of Wilbur, DuBois, 
& Wilbur, formed by Harvey and George W. Wilbur and H. T. DuBois, at 
Nos. 17-23 Federal Street, in 1883. In 1884, the partnership was followed 
by that of Wilbur, Krum, & Wilbur (Franklin Krum, jr.). The present firm 
of Wilbur, Miller, & Wilbur, manufacturing in the Dennin Building on the 
north-west corner of Fulton and Front streets, was formed by Harvey and 
George W. Wilbur and Philip F. Miller in December, 1885. 

Van Zandt, Jacobs, & Co. (C. E. Van Zandt and J. A. Jacobs), collar and 



41 6 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

cuff manufacturers, at No. 251 River Street, succeeded on February 1st, 1887, 
the Co-operative Collar and Cuff Co., which began business in Troy in De- 
cember, 18S8. 

There are also other industries in the city of less magnitude which afford 
employment to small bodies of workmen. The manufacture of carpenters' 
planes, tools, and ornamental woodwork, pursued by Edward Carter, on Spring 
Avenue, was begun by Simeon Rowell, at No. 38 Ferry Street, in 1828. The 
Troy File Works, on the south side of Congress Street, near Ida Falls, of 
which Banker & White (A. D. Banker and Henry White) are the present 
proprietors, were established in 1831. The oldest of the three dye-houses in 
the city, that of Mrs. S. W. Hall, at No. 403 River Street, was founded by 
Aaron Hall, in 1827. The dye-works of Christopher W. Shacklady, located 
in 1 85 1 on the south-east corner of River and Jacob streets, represent the de- 
velopment of the business begun by Charles Myers, at No. 277 River Street, 
in 1837. The steam dyeing establishment of William R. Lee, at No. 53 State 
Street, was originated by John Elder in 1856. H. Clay Bascom, whose wood 
and iron pattern works are on the north-east corner of River and Hoosick 
streets, continues the business begun by Samuel Hanley in 1835. The Troy 
Brass Foundry, on the west side of Sixth Avenue, between Federal and Jacob 
streets, established by William Kemp & Co. in 1851, has been operated since 
1852 by the founder of the firm, William Kemp. F. A. Maltby, weaver of iron, 
brass and copper wire cloth, sieves and screens, at Nos. 357 and 359 River Street, 
succeeded his father, J. B. S. Maltby, in 1889, in the business begun by Hobbs, 
Grant, & Co. in 1853. The manufacture of horseshoe, spike and rivet kegs, be- 
gun by Oliver Thomas in 1854, is continued by his son, H. B. Thomas, on the 
south side of Main Street, north of the Wynants Kill. The casting of car 
wheels, undertaken by Mallary & Ingalls in 1859, is continued by George W. 
Swett & Co., at their foundry on the north-west corner of Second and Ida 
streets William H. Draper, manufacturer of fish and chalk lines and braided 
wire picture cord, at Nos. 652 and 654 River Street, is the successor of his 
father, Stephen Draper, who engaged in the business in 1865. 

The Ludlow Valve Manufacturing Company's extensive works at Nos. 54- 
70 Second Avenue, Lansingburgh, have been identified with the leading in- 
dustries of Troy since 1872, when the first buildings there were occupied for 
the prosecution of the business begun by the company in 1866 at Waterford. 
The wide sale of the Ludlow sliding stop valves for water, gas, steam and oil 
pipes throughout the United States, in England, Sweden, Russia, South 
America, the West Indies, Mexico and Canada, is the appreciable evidence of 
their standard serviceableness. The company's fire hydrants are no less popu- 
lar, and fully merit the high commendation given them wherever used. The 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 4-17 

officers of the company are Henry G. Ludlow, president; David J. Johnson, 
vice-president; M. D. Schoonmaker, treasurer, and John T. Christie, secretary. 

L. S. Bunnel, machinist and maker of inventors' models at Nos. 553-559 
Federal Street, succeeded in 1871 to the business begun by him and Joel 
Weaver as Weaver & Bunnel, at No. 217 River Street, in 1868. Knowlson 
& Kelley (John Knowlson and James Kelley), machinists and engineers, and 
manufacturers of Corliss engines, steam and power pumps at their works on 
the southeast corner of River and Division streets (the site of the Matthias 
Van der Heyden house, built in 1652), engaged in the business on the south- 
east corner of River and Liberty streets in 1869. John Leggett, who entered 
into partnership with his son, Joseph A., on March 1st, 1882, under the name 
of John Leggett & Son, paper box manufacturers at Nos. 34 and 36 North 
Fourth Street, began the business on the north-west corner of Fulton and 
Fifth streets in 1865. Hughes & Simpson (George Hughes and E. W. Simp- 
son), manufacturers of paper boxes and plush and velvet cases, on the north- 
west corner of River and Hoosick streets, in 1874 succeeded George Hughes, 
who engaged in the business at No. 7 Bridge Avenue in 1872. Van Deusen 
& Co. (Franklin Van Deusen and Shepard Tappen), manufacturers of paper 
boxes and manufacturers' laundrymen, at Nos. 1920-1934 Sixth Avenue, be- 
came in 1872 the successors of Franklin Van Deusen, who engaged in the busi- 
ness of a laundryman at No. 54 North Fourth Street in i860. Edward Eck- 
ardt, manufacturing paper boxes at Nos. 2 160-2 164 Sixth Avenue, engaged 
in the business in the Times Building, in 1881. Stone, Blair, & Co. (Thomas 
H. and Lucius Stone, and John C. Blair, 1881), manufacturers' laundrymen, 
at Nos. 34 and 36 North Fourth Street, continue the business begun by John 
C. Blair in 1859. J- W. & W. L. Gardner, manufacturers' laundrymen, at Nos. 
38 and 40 North Fourth Street, succeeded, in 1881, to the business which 
Anson G. Gardner begun in 1867. 

The Globe Ventilator Company, organized in 1876, has its offices and sales- 
room at No. 203 River Street. No apparatus for the ventilation of residences, 
stores, school-houses, churches, hospitals, asylums, theaters, factories, cars, steam 
and sailing vessels can be more effective and ornamental than the Globe ven- 
tilators made by the company. Wherever used in this and other countries the 
highest praise has been bestowed on them. The Troy Waste Manufacturing 
Company, Henry A Merritt, president, Peter McCarthy, treasurer, and Charles 
Mahoney, secretary, dealers in cotton, woolen, and paper waste and manu- 
facturers of cotton batting and shoddies, Nos. 461-467 River Street, was 
incorporated on February 1st, 1883. The Trojan Car Coupler Company, 
organized on April 20th, 1891, of which Howard H. Burden is president, 
Palmer C. Ricketts, vice-president, and Alfred H. Renshaw, secretary and 
S3 



41 8 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

treasurer, is successfully competing for the use of its patented coupler by the 
railroads in the United States and other countries. The works of the company 
are on the south-west corner of Paine and Hamilton streets, Green Island. 

The Cunningham-Young Company (A. G. Cunningham, president; James T. 
Young, secretary, and Josiah L.Young, treasurer), organized on August ist, 
1 89 1, and dealing in builders' supplies at No. 145 River Street, continues the 
manufacture of sashes, doors, and blinds, begun by Cunningham, Young, & Co. 
in 1886. H. H. Giles, proprietor, and L. H. Giles, secretary and treasurer, of 
the Giles Nickel Works, on the south-west corner of Sixth Avenue and North 
Street, nickel platers and manufacturers of nickel-plated stove ornaments, be- 
came in 1888 the successors of Moore & Fitzsimmons, who established the 
Olympus Nickel Works in 1885. John Mahoney, jr., actively pursuing the 
business of a manufacturer of fine carriages and other vehicles, at his works 
on the south-west corner of Adams and First streets, engaged in the business 
on December 4th, 188S, at No. 302 First Street. His attractively-constructed 
and handsomely-painted business and advertising wagons are specialties of 
skill and workmanship. 

These and other mercantile and manufacturing interests have for many years 
contributed to the prosperity of the city and specialized the industry and enter- 
prise of its inhabitants. 

The eight national banks in the city also proffer distinctive evidence of the 
thrift and welfare of its people. In 1865, the capital of the ten institutions as 
shown by their second quarterly statements was $2,734,000, their deposits were 
$4,480,083.44, and their loans and discounts $4,449,494.89. In 1890, the capital 
of the eight banks as reported to the Comptroller of the National Currency 
was $1,890,000, their deposits were $7,986,059.38, and their loans and discounts 
$8,300,493.77; disclosing a per capita increase in twenty-five years of the de- 
posits from $ 1 14.01 to $ 131. 01, and of the loans and discounts from $113.23 
to $136.17. No less significant is the increase of the deposits in the Troy Sav- 
ings Bank, which in 1865 amounted to $1,766,000, and in 1890 aggregated 
$5,220,474. 

The wealth of Troy, thrice diminished by extensive conflagrations destroy- 
ing property valued at millions of dollars, is comparatively as great as that of 
other cities in the United States of like age and population. The actual valua- 
tion of all the taxable property in the city in 1890 was $47,049,979.66. If four- 
fifths of the stock, deposits, undivided profits, and surplus money, $16,577,- 
334.66, held in October that year by the national and savings banks, be taken 
to represent the funds of citizens of Troy, — $13,261,876.72, — and be added to 
$47,049,979.66, the wealth of the inhabitants was then approximately $60,31 1,- 
856.38. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 419 

As shown by the census bulletin issued on June 22c!, 1 891, exhibiting the re- 
ceipts and expenditures of one hundred principal or representative cities of 
the United States, the ordinary municipal expenditures of Troy are less per 
capita than those of the other large cities in the State: New York, $32.30 ; 
Buffalo, $26.41; Brooklyn, $20.88; Albany, $18.56; Rochester, $16.39; Syracuse, 
$13.65; Troy, $11.52. The total debt of Troy in 1S90 was $1,106,105.83, or 
$18. \\per capita, and that of Albany $4,342,200.00, or %\^.*]\ per capita. The 
difference of the municipal expenditures and debts of the two cities that year 
is strikingly apparent in the per capita burden of $29.66 of the people of Troy, 
and that of $64.30 of those of Albany. 

The growth of Troy in the next hundred years will no doubt exceed that of 
its first century. Advantages of site and the progressive enterprise of its 
citizens cannot but make it the largest and most important city on the Hud- 
son. The eastern plateau, opening wide prospects of distant mountains and 
intermediate stretches of woodland and cultivated farms, and commanding 
views of the picturesque foreground of cities, villages, and suburban residences 
margining the Hudson and the four branches of the Mohawk, will ultimately be 
the most attractive part of the city. Easily rendered accessible by lines of 
street railway running northward as far as Oakwood Cemetery and the City 
Reservoirs and southward to Congress Street, this eligible extent of high land 
cannot long remain indifferently valued and devoid of desirable thoroughfares 
and convenient approaches for street cars. The spirit of improvement awak- 
ened by the celebration of the centennial anniversary of the naming of Troy 
early manifested itself in the organization of the Citizens' Association, having 
for its object "the promotion of the welfare and prosperity of the city." 
Through the influence and efforts of its members the Public Improvement 
Commission was constituted in June that year. Empowered by the Legislature 
to construct sewers for the better drainage of the city and to lay out streets 
in parts of it where there were none, and to expend for such purposes the sum 
of $100,000 a year in the two years succeeding the passage of the act, and no 
more than $75,000 a year thereafter until the sum of $425,000 should be ex- 
pended, the commissioners have with creditable diligence, judgment, and 
economy prosecuted the improvements particularized in the act. Under their 
direction and superintendence four and a half miles of new sewers have been 
constructed, and four miles of granite block pavement and one mile of asphalt 
have been laid ; increasing the extent of sewers to twenty-one miles and of 
granite-paved streets to eleven miles. The recent spontaneous and munificent 
contributions of the citizens for the erection of the Soldiers and Sailors' 
Monument in Washington Square, the Young Women's Association Home on 
Second Street, the Troy Orphan Asylum on Spring Avenue, together with the 



420 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 






gift of the Gurley Memorial Hall to the trustees of the Troy Female Semi- 
nary, and that of the Earl Memorial Chapel to the trustees of the Troy 
Cemetery Association, strikingly presage future undertakings of still greater 
magnitude by which the city will be made more attractive as a place of resi- 
dence and more famous as a seat of industrial and commercial activity. 





CENTENNIAL MEDAL. 



ADDENDA. 

APOTHECARIES AND DRUGGISTS. 

Frank M. Brower (June 17, 1879), 122 Congress Street. 

Drake & Moffitt (John K. Drake and A. W. M. Moffitt, 1881), No. 3 Second Street. 

William H. Flandrau (1878), No. 814 River Street. 

Hermann Gnadendorff (18S0), No. 14 Second Street. (Gnadendorff & Scheffer, 1868.) 

Robert Glass (1S80), south-east corner of Second and Madison streets. 

G. W. Holcomb (1S70), No. 137 Congress Street. (William C. Badeau, 1847; Badeau & Stoddard, 1848; 
W. C. Badeau, 1850; W. C. Badeau & Co., 1851; W. C. Badeau, 1852; Badeau & Goodman, 1854; W. C. 
Badeau, 1855; John McCusker, 1863; G. W. Holcomb & Co., 1867; Holcomb & Dater, 1868.) 

A. M. Knowlson (p. 392). 

C. E. McLoud (Feb. 1, 18S4), 349 Congress Street. 

David F. Magill (April 20, 1870), No. 14 King Street. (Chapin Jones, 1853.) 

Moncrief & Francis (Robert F. Moncrief and William M. Francis, April 15, 1886), No. 77 Congress 
Street. 

J. H. Paulus (April 29, 1891), No. 326 Congress Street. (Campbell & Ward, 1869.) 

Henry Schneider (March, 18S3), No. 13 Jacob Street. 

C. H. Shacklady (1S74), north-west corner of Fulton Street and Fifth Avenue. 

Elijah W. Stoddard (p. 392). 

C. A. Whipple (June 12, 1888), No. 825 River Street. 

Charles H. Wiberley (1885), south-east corner of Broadway and River Street. 

ARCHITECTS. 

Cummings & Son, Mark F. (Frederick M. Cummings, 1890), 10 Times Building, Broadway. (M. F. Cum- 
mings, 1863.) 
C. Edward Loth (1871), No. 88 Congress Street. (Loth & Baudoin, 1869.) 

BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS. 

T. U. Davidson (1881), dealer in books and stationery, No. 310 River Street. 

Stephen F. Hoyt (1872), manager of the Northern News Company, and dealer in newspapers, periodicals, 
books, and stationery, Nos. 12 and 14 Third Street. 

BREWERS. 

Conway Brothers & Kane (Daniel E. and Henry A. Conway, and Nicholas T. Kane, 1883), ale and porter, 
Nos. 124-146 North Fourth Street. (Uriel Dexter, 1852.) 

Donohue-Tierney Isengart Brewing Company (P. J. Fitzgerald, president; Ernest Voight, secretary; and 
William Donohue, treasurer, 1887), lager beer, south-east corner of Tenth and Hoosick streets. (Christian 
Isengart, 1869.) 

Fitzgerald Brothers (pp. 276, 277). 

Kennedy & Murphy (p. 276). 

Quandt Brewing Company (Adam Quandt, president, and H. W. Vossmerbaumer, secretary, i88S), lager 
beer, Nos. 846-852 River Street. (Leo Kirchner, 1869.) 

Ruscher & Co. (Laurence Sheary and Michael Cavanaugh, Feb. 16, 1888), lager beer, Nos. 474-484 Fourth 
Street, corner of Trenton. (Ruscher & Stoll, 1857.) 

John Stanton, ale and porter, Nos. 1428-1440 Fifth Avenue. (Abram Nash, 1817; Nash & Adams, 1824; 
Abram Nash, 1S31; A. Nash & Son, 1836; Nash, Beadleston & Co., 1839; A. B. Nash & Co., 1856; Daly & 
Stanton, 1865; John Stanton, 1880.) 

Jacob F. Stoll (Frederika K. Stoll, 18S8), lager beer. (Ruscher & Stoll, 1857.) 



422 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

CARPET DEALERS. 
Hugh McCusker (i8So), dealer in carpets and oil cloths, No. 261 River Street. 

CARRIAGE AND WAGON DEALERS. 

B. E. Carpenter (1S90), carriage and harness repository, Nos. 18-20 State Street. (Decker & Marston, 1871.) 
Cheney & Ranken (E. D. Cheney and William Ranken, 18S7), dealers in carriages, wagons, sleighs and 
harness, No. 558 River Street. 

CIGAR MANUFACTURERS. 

Eisen & Doring (L. F. Eisen and C. Doring, jr., 1884), No. 508 Fulton Street. (W. Vossmerbaumer, 1863.) 

COAL DEALERS. 

Edward Bolton (1881), Front Street, south of Grand. (Bolton & Anthony, 1858.) 

Crandell, Knight, & Reichard (Otis N. Crandell, Joseph H. Knight, and Burton A. Reichard, 1S89), No. 
389 River Street. (Charles Stone, 1S57; Stone & Crandell, 1877.) 

John English & Son (Laurence A., 1882), No. 359 Second Street. (John English & Co., 1866.) 

James P. Gates (1S70), Front Street, north of Ferry. (Gates & Smart, 1869.) 

Max Grimm (1881), Brown Building, north-west corner of River and Congress streets. 

David Judson (represented by A. E. and H. B. Judson and Arthur Cowee, 18S9), No. 51 River Street. 
(David Judson, 1848.) 

James O'Neil (1866), Front Street, north of Ferry. 

Peterson & Packer (S. A. Peterson and George A. Packer, 1872), north-west corner of Fulton and Front 
streets. (W. H. Jackson, 1857.) 

John H. Tupper (1878), north-west corner of River and Jacob streets. (Laban Gardner, 1837; Barton & 
Tupper. 1870.) 

J. A. Wait, Son, & Co. (Josiah A. and L. H. Wait, and D. Ritche, 1S79), No. 140 Fourth Street, and Front 
Street, south of Division. (Wait, Fisher & Co., 1S54.) 

John Worthington (1873), No. 107 River Street. (David F. Worthington, 1S60; D. F. Worthington & Son, 1867.) 

Tom S. Wotkyns (1884), south-west corner of Front and Fulton streets. (Joseph Stackpole, 1S44; Stackpole 
& Wotkyns, 1S45.) 

ESTATE AGENTS. 

Dauchy & Pattison (H. B. Dauchy and E. A. Pattison, 1889), estate agents, No. 12 First Street. 

FLOUR MERCHANTS. 
Rickerson & Co. (1886), LeRoy Rickerson, wholesale flour dealers, No. 231 River Street. (Rickerson & 
Lewis, 1S75.) 
James Smyth (1S76), dealer in flour, feed and hay, No. 135 River street. (Jacob Smyth & Co., 1873.) 

FURNITURE DEALERS. 

Cornelius Fogarty (1886), manufacturer and dealer in furniture, carpets and oil cloths, Nos. 213-215 River 
Street. (Fogarty & York, 1884.) 

Rollin C. Reynolds (1886), dealer in furniture, carpets and stoves, Nos. 255 and 257 River Street. (Nathaniel 
Reynolds, 1876.) 

FURRIERS. 

H. Broughton & Co. (1887), (Henry Broughton), manufacturers of fur coats and cloaks, and dealers in caps 
and gloves, No. 233 River Street. (E. W. Boughton & Co., 1871.) 

Charles F. Butterworth (1890), manufacturer of fur goods, No. 259 River Street. (H. Broughton & Co., 1S87.) 

GROCERS. 
William J. Bumstead, jr., north-east corner of First and Adams streets. (William Bumstead, 1848.) 
Cohen Brothers, 1871 (David and Frederick Cohen), No. SS Congress Street. 
John P. Colby, No. 2196 Sixth Avenue. (J. & J. P. Colby, 1853.) 
Edward B. Cox, 1877, south-east corner of Second and Division streets. 

Everingham & Slauson (Richard Everingham and Byron W. Slauson), Mill Street. (Peter Thalimer, 1849.) 
F. W. Jackson, 1877, No. 272 River Street. 
Kelly & Morey (Bartholomew Kelly and David More)'), Nos. 571-573 River Street. (Bartholomew Kelly, 1866. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 4 2 3 

Cyrus Lynd, 1865, No. no Congress Street. 

Harvey W. McChesney. No. 2446 Fifth Avenue. (Obed McChesney, 1856.) 

William H. Munn, 1864, No. 16 King Street. 

Philip Paul, No. 824 River Street. (John Paul, 1857.) 

William C. Simmons, corner of North Fourth and Jacob streets. (William A. Simmons, 1846.) 

William E. Smith, No. 350 Congress Street. (Smith & Bickford, 1856.) 

William J. Stone, 1869, No. 302 River Street. 

HATTERS. 
Salisbury & Johnson (H. C. Salisbury and C. W. Johnson, 18S6), hatters, furriers and dealers in bags, trunks 
and gloves, No. 344 River Street. 

HOTELS. 

American House (American Hotel, 1835), south-east corner of Third and Fulton streets, George A. Ross, 
1888. (Munn's Tavern, Joseph Munn, 1802.) 

Congress Hall, north-west corner of Congress Street and Sixth Avenue, Stephen Vincent. (George C. 
Bancroft, 1848.) 

Everett House, north-west corner of Fulton Street and Sixth Avenue. J. M. Ellis. (Tremont House, 1855.) 

Mansion House, north-east corner of Second Street and Broadway, M. Crowley, 1885. (Daniel D. Howard, 
1829.) 

Northern Hotel, No. 456 River Street, Samuel M Smith. (Cushman & Stevens, 1832.) 

Revere House (18S0), Nos. 551-555 Broadway, opposite Union Depot, Daniel Connelly. (Nelson House, 
John Nelson, 1872.) 

Troy House, at intersection of River and First Streets, Frederick Jacobson, 1890. (Eagle Tavern, Henry 
Slason, 1797.) 

Union House (1854), south-west corner of Broadway and Sixth Avenue, Peter Buckley. 

INSURANCE AGENCIES. 
Fire. 

Neher & Carpenter (Philip H. Neher and James H. Carpenter, May 1, 1S83), also bankers and brokers, No. 
5 First Street. (John D. W. Calder, 1824.) 

William S. Kennedy (1886), Athenaeum, No. 10 First Street. (Robert Cruikshank, 1857.) 

Gilbert Geer, jr., & Co. (Gilbert Geer, jr., and William C. Geer, January 1, 1S81), also real estate agents, 
No. 5 Mansion House Block. (Gilbert Geer, jr., 1858.) 

Knox & Mead (John H. Knox and Walter F. Mead, 1888), No. 253 River Street. (Kelly & Knox, 1880; 
established 1S55.) 

Macdonald & Co. (John A. Macdonald, Louis J. Thiessen, and Werner Strecker, September I, 1S86), No. 
280 River Street. (Van Every, Macdonald, & Carroll, 1867.) 

Stillman & Son (Wait J. and Byron Stillman, 1870), insurance and real estate agents, Troy Savings Bank 
Building. 

Van Alstyne & Harrington (R. H. Van Alstyne and A. W. Harrington, jr., 1887), insurance and real estate 
agents, No. 267 River Street. (J. D. W. Calder, 1824.) 

Life. 

D. L. Boardman & Son (Henry F. Boardman. Nov. 28th, 1SS3), New York State general agents of the Mutual 
Life Insurance Company of New York. (1865.) 

William V. Baker (1880), general agent of the North-western Life Insurance Company, No. 6 Keenan Building. 

Fidelity and Casualty. 
Sydney H. Pool (1890), general agent of the Fidelity and Casualty Company of New York, Nos. 3 and 4 
Mutual Bank Building, State Street. 

KNITTING MILLS. 

^Etna Hosiery Mills, Nos. 76-86 Second Avenue, Lansingburgh, erected 1881, William A. Harder, proprie- 
tor, shirts and drawers, also Harderfold hygienic underwear. 

Rob Roy Hosiery Mills, Nos. 1S7-191 First Street. Rob Roy Hosiery Company organized Oct. 10, 1882. 
Charles A. Brown, president; Charles L. Alden, secretary: T. F. Barnum, treasurer. Shirts and drawers. 

Wynantskill Knitting Mills, Albia. Wynantskill Knitting Company incorporated Oct. 28, 1884. J. E. 
McLoughlin, president and treasurer; Gilbert Geer, jr., secretary. Shirts and drawers. 



424 TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 

LAUNDRIES. 

T. P. Dowling (Sept.. lSSg), successor to Rogers & Dowling. custom laundry. No. 1939 Sixth Avenue. (E. F. 
Rogers, 1S65.) 

Wales .V Price (Frederick K. Wales and Willard M. Price. iSSjV custom laundrymen, south-east corner of 
River and Vanderheyden streets. (Greenman & Witbeck. 1S67; C. Whyland, 1S72; James D. Davis & Co., 
1S74; Grant & Wales. 1882; Wales. Bennit, & Co., 1883; Wales, Price. & Co., 1SS4.) 

men's furnishers. 

Evans Brothers (Charles A. and Thomas J. Evans, (886), men's furnishers and hatters, No. 31S River Street. 

E. S. Strait (,iSSg), men's outfitter and dealer in hats and shoes, Nos. 312-314 River Street. (Henry Stamper, 1S70.) 
Halligan & Van Decar (W. H. Halligan and A. L. Van Decar, iSgot, hatters and men's furnishers, No. 6; 

Congress Street. (C. A. Ives. [87a 

MERCANTILE agency. 

R. G. Dun & Co. (Troy branch, 1S72K W. C. Daboll, manager, since 1SS7. 

MERCHANT TAILORS. 

Augustus Ametrano, No. 240 River Street. (Lyman J. Rundell, 1836.) 

David Bastable, No. 234 River Street. (Lyman J. Rundell, 1S36.) 

Theodore Bayer (1889), No. 4 Keenan Building. (J. H. Byram, 1S50.) 

lames B. Caldwell (1876), No, 6 Times Building. (Bernard Montague. 1S39.) 

M. M. Lennon (1S77), No. 5 Times Building. 

Manny .V Hardy (J. L. Manny and W. D. Hardy) (1879), No 3° Third Street. 

MILL AND FACTORY SUPPLIES. 

Barnum Brothers Company (T. F. and F. W. Barnum), organized March 1, iSSS. manufacturers of leather 
belting and dealers in engineers' and mill supplies. No. 179 River Street. (Barnum Brothers, 1S77; Theodore 
F. Barnum, 1S67.) 

Trov Belting and Supply Company (W. H. Kincaid, president and treasurer; A. G. Gray, vice-president; 
W H. Kincaid. jr., secretary, 1886), Nos. 550-554 Fulton Street. Established, 1S60. 

MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS. 

Thomas H. Magill iiSsi>. dealer in millinery and fancy goods, north-west corner of Broadway and Third 

Street. (Magill & Fleming. 1S76.) 

optic 1 w. 

Francis Roarke (1857), eye and opera-glasses. No. 2 Times Building. 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

Hardv^V Van Arnam (G. R. Hardy and J. M. Van Arnam, [873), No. 390 River Street. (George R. Hardy, 1S71.) 

James Irving (1844), No. 13 Second Street. 

James Lloyd (1882), No. 44 Third Street. 

Zeph. F. Magill (1S71), 17 Keenan Building. 

J. D. Shroder(lSS3), No. 30S River Street. 

Towne ,Y. ElweU (W. H. Towne and T. B. Elwell, 1S90), No. 47 Third Street. 

PICTURE FRAME DEALERS. 

F. W. Salisbury a; Co. (1882), manufacturers of picture frames, No 13 Congress St. (Alexander Salisbury, 1S76.) 

PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS. 

William H. Barnes (1S76). No. 14 First Street. (William Barnes, 1854.) 

William Ferguson (18S0), south-west corner of Fulton and Cnion streets. (Dodds & Ferguson, 1S66.) 

Michael Kennedv, north-west corner of Congress and First streets. (Egan & Kennedy, 1SS3.) 

Samuel Morris (1879), No. 414 Fulton Street. (St. Ormond & Morris, 1S6S ) 

Mulligan & Schermerhorn (Martin Mulligan and Harrison Schermerhorn, 1SS0). Troy Savings Bank Building, 

Second Street. 

REAL ESTATE BROKERS. 

J. H. Winslow & Co. fj. H. Winslow and Irving Hayner) (1S79), real estate, loan, and insurance brokers, 

No. 1^ State Street. 

SHOE DEALERS. 

T. A. Dorrance & Son (J. A. and W. J. Dorrance. 188] . No. 36S River Street. (Dorrance & Packard, 1S64.) 

S. B. Thing & Co. (S. B. Thing, J. W. Emery, and W. A. Prior. 1SS7), Nos. 32S-330 River Street. (Charles 

E. Sheffer, 18.72.) 

STEAM AND GASFITTERS' SUPPLIES. 

Daly Jc Horan (James \V. Daly and J. J. Horan, May 19, 1S90), dealers in steam and gasfitters' supplies, 
No. 225 River Street. (Bottum & Daly, 1SS9.) 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 4 2 5 

STOVE DEALERS. 

J. B. Butler (1886), dealer in stoves and ranges, No. 401 River Street. Established 1866. 

VARNISH MANUFACTURER. 

William Gardner (1889), successor to De Golyer& Brother, No. 1529 Sixth Avenue. (Joseph De Golyer, 1847.) 

WALL PAPER HEALERS. 

Bradt & Rogers (Chauncey D. Bradt and M. W. Rogers [891 I, No. 309 River Street, dealers in wall paper, 
window and plate glass, painters' supplies, and show cases. (C. D. Bradt, 1880.) 

George J. Brennan, dealer in wall paper and window shades, painter and house decorator, No. 62 Congress 
Street. (Myers & Brennan, 1862.) 

Henry Lobdell i: Co. (1876), dealers in wall paper and window shades, No. 13 Third Street. 

WATCHMAKERS AND JEWELERS. 

Andrew Aird (1875), No. 4 Mansion House Block. 

Doring Brothers (Charles F. and Joseph C. Doring, 1882), south-west corner of Fulton and Fourth streets. 

Emanuel Marks (1354), No. 282 River Street. 

Moores & Winder 'C. H. Moores and George Winder, i33S), No. 351 Broadway. 

Joseph H. Pahl (1S76), No. 123 Fourth Street. 

August Schnell (1879 . No. 67 Congress Street. 

F. W. Sim & Co. <H. G. Piersons, 1888), No. 246 River Street. (Thomas Goldsmith, 187 

Samuel C. Tappin (1877), No. 1 Keenan Building. 

M. Timpane (1S75), north-east corner of River and Fulton streets. (Thomas Goldsmith, 1842.) 

citizens' association of the city of troy. 
Organized February 7, 1889. 
Officers in 1890. 
Walter P. Warren, president, Charles I. Baker, recording secretary, 

E. F. Murray, corresponding secretary, Robert H. Thompson, treasurer. 

city officers. 
Aldermen, 1S91-1892. 
Wards. r,ls. 

1. George H. Mead, John F. Cahill. 8. Patrick Bolton, William E. Burke. 

2. William H. Halligan, Jacob Stickelmeyer. 9. John Purcell, Lawrence T. Reilly. 

3. John H. Allendorph, Arthur T. Smith. 10. Thomas Denny, William D. Cox. 

4. T. Lee Benedict, Elias G. Dorlon. n. John J. Casey, James T. Ouinn. 

5. LeRoy Rickerson, Jacob M. Schaible. 12. Patrick J. Delaney, Dennis Tracy. 

6. Louis J. Maloney, Patrick Purcell. 13. William G. Seaton, Charles F. Lott. 

7. P. S. Fitzgerald, Patrick Burns. 

Police Commissioners. 
John Magill and Francis J. Molloy, elected by Common Council on March 5. 1891, Police Commissioners 
for four years. 

Fire Engineers. 
Patrick Byron, elected Chief Engineer, and Henry C. Salisbury, Second Assistant Engineer, by the Fire 
Commissioners on April 30, 1891. 

School Commissioners. 
Peter J. Wallace elected by the commissioners, July 1st, 1890, to succeed William Hopkins, who resigned 
July 1st, 1890, and was elected clerk of the Board of School Commissioners July 1st, 1S90; John J. Kenna, 
elected by the commissioners May 5th, 1891, to succeed Thomas D. Hendy, who died April 22d, 1091; Edward 
D. Cheney elected by the commissioners August 141b, 1891, to succeed Clarence E. Betts, who resigned 
August 14th, 1S91; Daniel T. Holland and W. J. Myers elected November 3d, 1891, to succeed John F. Cahill 
and John J. Kenna. 

Superintendent of the Public Schools. 
Edwin E. Ashley, elected by the School Commissioners September 1st, 1891, to succeed David Beattie. 

troy cemetery association. 
Trustees, 1S91. 
John Hobart Warren, Paul Cook, 

A. R. Smith, William S. Earl. 

Frederick P. Allen, Alfred S. Peck. 

54 






EMENDATIONS. 



On page 36, 
On page 49, 
On page 52, 

vember, 
On page 52, 

year. 
On page 76 
On page 181 
On page 213 
On page 219 
On page 233 
On page 241 
On page 273 
On page 2S0 



1799 
shed,' 



last line, for 

line II, for " 

line 20, for ' 

1798. 

line 23, for " that year," read the following 



read 179S. 
read shine, 
anuary. 1799," read 



No- 



line 3, for " formerly," read formally. 
, line 27, for " Stephen," read Eaton. 

line 13, for "Waitc," read Wait. 

line 26, for " F. M.," read M. F. 

line 12, for " Wait G." read Wait H. 

line 39, for " Pliny W.," read Pliny M. 
, line 32, for "flats," read plats. 
, line 35, for "Roe," read Rowe. 



On page 281, line 28, for " Swartout," read Swartwout 

On page 29S, line 10, for "John," read Joseph. 

On pages 332-337, line 2, for "assistants " read alder- 
men. 

On page 341, line 20, for " David M. Ranken 1S74," 
read David M. Ranken 1S74-1S77. 

On page 342, line 6, for " Dow," read Don. 

On page 342, line 26, for " Gay," read Guy. 

On page 356, line 20, for " Charles E.," read Charles F. 

On page 366, line 4, for " William E.," read William. 

On page 36S, line 13, for " Barton," read Burton. 

On page 3S1, line 27, for "Samuel," read Samuel H. 

On page 392, line 4, for "Ira," read Ira M. 



POST SCRIPTUM. 



Another copy of "The Recorder" is extant: No. 192, Vol. Ill, printed in Lansingburgh, on Tuesday, 
April 28, 1796, by Gardner & Hill. 

Thomas Colwell, elected president, and R. Edson Starks, vice-president,~of the National State Bank, 
November 11, 1891. 



INDEX. 



Abbott, George, 370. 
Abbott & Son, H., 191. 
Abele, G., 352. 
Abey, H. T., 406. 
Abrams, T. D., 221, 222, 357. 
Academy, 49, 67. 

Episcopal, 63. 

St. Mary's, 204, 205. 

Troy, 204. 
Adams, C. H.,357, 413. 

G. D., 349. 

J-. 91. 324- 
J. O., 114. 

Nathaniel, 69, 102, 267, 324, 327, 
328, 39S. 

R. S., 244, 350. 
Adams & Whipple, 398. 
Adelphi, 239. 

Advertisements, 22, 26, 27, 28, 378. 
y£tna Hosiery Mills, 390, 423. 
Agents, estate, 422. 
Ager, J. W., 143, 330, 331. 
Aird, Andrew, 425. 
Akin, C. E., 363. 

E. G,, 400. 

M. L., 363. 

M. E., 90. 

Washington, 196, 363, 368. 

& Co., E. G., 400. 
Albany, 4, 6, 12, 15, 18, 19, 23, 26, 28, 
31, 44, 56, 65, 67, 70, 71, 376, 377, 

378,4I9- 
Albany and Rensselaer Iron and 

Steel Company, 266. 
Albany and Troy Slitting Mill, 69. 
Albany, Fort, 15. 

Albany Iron Works, 191, 193, 265,266. 
Albany Nail Factory, 264. 
Albany Rolling and Slitting Mill, 69, 

264. 
Albertson, sr., J. P., 172, 209, 337, 

357- 

jr., J. P., 363. 
Alden, Alonzo, 185, 197, 201, 358. 

Charles L. , 363, 366, 423. 

Harry M., 389. 

Joseph J., 389. 
Alden & Hunt, 389. 
Alden & Son, J. J., 389. 
Aldermen, 327-337, 425. 
Ale, 277. 

Alexander, W. J., 396. 
Alexander & Becker, 396. 
Alhambra, 392, 398. 
Allen, Amos, 381. 

A. H., 349. 

Benjamin, 24. 

Bernard, 335, 336. 

Darius, 331. 



Allen, Frederick P., 341, 357, 366, 

39°, 425- 

George, 82, 323, 327, 378. 

J- H., 197. 

M. A., 344. 

U. C, 396. 
Allen & Baker, 396. 
Allen & Starkweather, 396. 
Allendorph, J. H., 337, 425. 

W. P., 358. 
Alms-house, 243. 
American, Troy, 370. 
Ametrano, A., 71, 424. 
Amsterdam, Fort, 7. 
Anderson, D. G., 351. 

jr., E., 76. 

J-, 344- 

J- H., 352. 

K. C, 34S. 
Andres, S., 127. 
Andrews, E. W., 348. 
Anniversary, Centennial, 281-312. 
Anthony, Asa, 34, 35, 50. 

C. H., 204, 234. 

Jesse, 128, 330. 

Jesse B., 282. 

John, 33r, 332. 

Zephaniah, 34, 35, 381. 

& Son, Asa, 35. 
Apothecaries, 390, 392, 393, 421. 
Archambeault, L. J., 363. 
Archibald, J., 332. 

J. C, 413. 
Architects, 421. 

Armitage, J. W., 180, 182, 183. 
Armory, New, 22, 246, 247. 

Old, 199, 200, 244. 
Armstrong, S. C, 197. 

W., 335, 336. 
Army, North, 75, 76. 
Arnold, Anson, 126, 206, 329. 

H. C, 329. 

O. A., 33t. 

S., 351. 
Arsenal, Watervliet, 77, 85, 86, 105. 
Artillery carriages, 273. 
Artillery, Connecticut, 200. 

Flying, 244. 

Troy City, 180, 181, 1S4, 199, 
200, 244. 
Arts, John, 182, 184. 

John L., 269. 

M. H., 343. 
Ashes, Pearl, 28. 
Ashley, Edwin E., 425. 

J. F., 312, 35S. 

Stephen, 23, 24, 26, 27, 38, 40. 
Association, Citizens, 419, 425. 

Free Reading Room, 256. 



Association, Rens. Co. S. and S. 
Mon., 262. 

Robert Emmet, 369. 

Shaftsbury Bap., 47. 

Troy African, 144. 

T. and N. Y. Steamboat, 147. 

Troy Cemetery, 250, 425. 

Troy Dramatic, 239. 

Troy Harmonic, 259. 

Troy Masonic Hall, 223. 

Troy R. R. Young Men's, 257. 

Troy Scientific, 364. 

Troy Young Men's, 53, 132, 207, 
255, 256, 257, 366. 

Young Women's, 257, 367, 368, 
419. 
Asylum, Episcopal Church, 196,228. 

Rens. Co. Lunatic, 237, 368. 

St. Mary's Female Orphan, 210. 

St. Mary's Male Orphan, 214. 

St. Vincent's Female Orphan, 
212. 

Troy Orphan, 196, 250, 251, 252, 
366, 368, 419. 
Athenaeum, 95, 132, 149, 159, 230, 

231, 240, 256. 
Athens, school at, 294. 
Attorney, village, 74. 
Attorneys-at-law, 300, 363. 
Attorneys, City, 338. 
Atwell, J. L., 352. 
Atwood, Anson, 270. 
Atwood, Cole, & Crane, 270. 
Atwood & Cole, 270. 
Aubert, Thomas, 1. 
Austin, J. N., 160. 
Avery, L. R., 208, 331, 332, 339, 356, 

366. 
Ax, Troy's, 171. 
Ayres, John, 115. 

Babcock, George, 185. 

Wood, 175. 

& White, 175. 
Backus, E. F., 267. 
Bacon, Jesse, 323. 

J. G., 149, 208. 

William, 150. 
Bacon & Henry, 280. 
Badeau, W. C.,332, 393, 421. 
Badeau & Co., 421. 
Badeau & Goodman, 421. 
Badeau & Stoddard, 393, 421. 
Baermann, P. H., 363. 
Bailey, A. F., 352. 

J. M., 353. 

T. H., 361. 

William, 361. 

& Henderly, 40. 



428 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Bainbridge, Robert, 21S, 341. 
Baker, Charles I., 363, 425. 

L. D., 396. 

William V., 396, 423. 
Baker & Co., L. D., 396. 

W. V.. 396. 
Baldwin, George C, 220, 241, 249, 
281, 290, 292, 349. 

Loammi, 163. 
Bale ties, 279. 
Ball, G. H„ 366. 

J. C, 415. 

L. C, 196. 
Ball Brothers, 273, 415. 
Ball, C. M., 415. 
Ballou, Edgar, 343. 
Ballston, 132, 134, 135. 
Baltimore, Peter, 2S1. 
Bancker, Flores, 24, S2. 
Bancroft, G. C, 351, 352, 423. 

J. D., 356. 
Band, Arsenal, 249. 

Doring's, 184, 198, 210, 283. 

Jones', 210. 

Maschke's, 283. 

Troy, 162. 

Troy Brass, 210. 
Bank, Central, 210, 357. 

Central National, 210, 357. 

Commercial, 95, 149, 356. 

Farmers', 43, 56, 57, 64, 77, 95, 
106, 108, 209, 212, 354. 

First National. 212, 213, 357. 

Manufacturers', 152, 209, 356. 

Manufacturers' National, 201, 
202, 209, 356, 357. 

Market, 172, 212, 357. 

Merchants and Mechanics', 46, 
123, 209. 355- 

Merchants and Mechanics' Na- 
tional, 123, 355. 

Mutual, 209, 222, 223, 357. 

Mutual National, 207, 209, 357. 

National, 211, 35S. 

National Exchange, 172, 212. 

357- 
National State, 20S, 209, 356, 426. 
of Troy, 70, 77, S6, 95, 212, 354. 
Troy Savings, 94, 95, 207, 226, 

227, 228, 230, 355, 418. 
State, 20S, 356. 
Troy City, 196, 206, 355. 
Troy City National, 206, 207, 

355- 

Troy Exchange, 149. 

Union, 207, 208, 356. 

Union National, 208, 356, viii. 

United National, 211, 212, 358. 
Banker, A. D., 416. 
Banker & White, 416. 
Banks, 74, 142,- 201, 206-213, 226, 

227, 418. 
Banks, A. Bleecker, 267. 
Bar of Troy, 300. 
Barber, Lorenzo, 120, 351. 
Bard. David. 389. 
Barker, Stephen, 400. 

Stephen W., 366, 400. 

William, 273, 406. 

W. M., 350. 
Barlow, J. L., 196. 



Barnes, F. C, 204. 

Peter, 330. 

William, 402, 424. 

William H., 424. 

W. L., 188, 192. 
Barney, John. 4S, 163, 330. 
Barnum, F. W.. 424. 

T. F., 423, 424. 
Barnum Brothers, 424. 
Barnum Brothers Companj', 424. 
Barrels, 103, no. 
Barrett, W., 159, 160. 
Barry. T. , 296. 
Bartholomew, O. F., 354. 
Barton, E. D., 356. 

William, 202, 330, 338. 
Barton X Tupper, 422. 
Bascom, H. Clay, 2S3, 416. 

Rev., 115. 
Bastable, David, 282, 290, 424. 
Ratchelder, J. K., 363. 
Bates, Griffin, & Co., 400. 
Bates, John W., 400. 

Merritt, 152, 351. 
Bates & Griffin, 400. 
Batteries, floating. 265. 
Battershall. Graves, & Van Alstyne, 

387- 
Battershall, J. F., 199. 

L. A., 207, 356, 3S6. 
Battershall, McDoual, & Co., 386. 
Battershall & McDoual, 3S6. 
Battershall & Weed, 3S6. 
Battery B. 244. 

Ericsson, 192. 

F, 244. 

Fourth, 244, 246, 247. 
Bayeau, Henry. 71. 

William, 35. 
Bayer. Frank, 221. 

Theodore, 424. 
Bayeux, John IL, 2S4. 
Bavnes, I.E., 363. 

W. T., 363. 
Beach, E. D., 221. 

Miles, 176, 202. 258. 326, 332. 

William A., 305, 306, 307, 338. 
Beam, Adam, 18. 
Bears, Moses, 381. 
Beattie, David, 297, 341, 425. 
Berber, Otto, 290. 354. 
Beck, L. C, 107. 

T. R., 107, 366. 
Becker, F. M., 396. 
Becket, Littleton, 120. 
Bedell, W., 352. 
Beecher, H. W., 306. 
Beer, 277. 
Beers. S. A., 338. 
Hehan, Christopher, 334, 335. 
Beiderbecke, H., 354. 
Beiermeister, jr., F., 35S, 412, 413. 

sr., F., 413. 
Beiermeister, Smith, & Burden. 413. 
Beiermeister, Smith, & Co., 413. 
Beiermeister & Burden, 4J3. 
Beiermeister & Son, 413. 
Beiermeister & Spicer, 412, 413. 
Belcher, Abram N., 237, 336, 355. 
Belden, E. E.. 383. 
Belding, R. E., 363. 



Belding, W. A., 354. 
Belknap, J.W., 160, 168, 352. 

R. R., 328, 329. 
Bell, Court-house, 40, 5S, 68, 252. 
Bell, Dauchy, & Morey, 387. 
Bell, Ebenezer, 149. 

George A., 267. 

John, 387. 

William, 398. 
Bell Presbyterian, 34, 5S. 

ringing, 5S. 

St. Joseph's, 58. 

St. Paul's, 58, 59. 

St. Mary's, 5S, 59. 

St. Peter's, 58, 59. 
Bell & Morey, 387. 
Bells, church, 264, 271. 272. 
Beman, N. S. S., 115, 233, 245, 246, 

249, 291, 34S, 365, 366. 
Bemis, Luke, 158. 
Benedict, H. E., 196. 

T. Lee, 337, 3S6, 425. 

R. H.,395. 
Benedict & Bonesteel, 395. 
Bennett, Lyman, 174, 175, 207, 330, 

413- 

J. W., 352. 

Winant, 331. 
Bennett, Edson, & Strickland, 413. 
Bennett, Fellows, & Co., 413. 
Bennett, Hicks, & Edson, 175.413. 
Bennett, Strickland,*: Fellows. 413. 
Bennett & Edson, 176, 413. 
Bennett & Fellows. 413, 415. 
Bennington, 19. 
Benson, B. D., 397. 

Nelson. 341. 

N. H., 299. 

jr., Russell F., 363. 
Berkowitch, I., 354. 
Bessemer, Henry, 265. 
Bessemer Steel Works, 265, 266. 
Betts, B., 67. 

C. E., 341, 425. 

Edgar K., 405. 

Jane, 67. 

Jared, 67. 

John. 51. 

Judge, 189. 

Nathan, 323, 324, 3S4. 

sr., James, 71. 
Beverswyck, n, 12, 2S4. 
Bickford, T., 349. 
Bidwell, I. G., 351. 
Bigelow, C. H., 407. 

E., 323. 

Thaddeus B., 130, 206, 255, 366. 
Billings, Charles H.. 185. 

Charles W., 277. 

Edward A., 217, 331. 

Edwin A., 277. 
Bills, Alfonzo, 212, 331. 
Bills, Thayer, & Usher, 94. 
Bingham, C. D..370. 

E. W., 412. 
Birch, Sylvanus, 272. 
Birchmore, S. C, 352. 
Bird, John, 35. 42, 49, 5S, 61, 93, 324. 

Mrs. John. 35, 41, 42. 
Birdsall, Simeon, 363. 

Z. P., 332- 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



429 



Birney, J. C, 151. 

Bisco, C. D., 406. 

Bisco, Corning, & Abey, 406. 

Bisco & Corning. 406. 

Bishop, Charles B., 240. 

Jacob, 114, 139. 
Bissell, J. H., 363. 
Black, Frank S., 363. 

Richard T., 402. 
Blair. George T. , 338, 358. 

John C, 417. 
Blake, Frederick, 397. 
Blanchard, Dudley, 331, 332. 

E. D., 405, 407. 

H., 352- 

J. L., 166, 357. 
Blatchford, S., 89, 106, 107, 365. 

T. W., 241. 
Bleau, Pierre, 216. 
Bliss, W. M., 308, 310, 323, 338. 
Bloomfield, Gen.. 75. 
Bloomingdale, J., 344. 
Bloss. F. S., 363. 

J. P., 363. 

R. D., 183, 363. 
Blume. M., 354. 
Board, Contracting, 343. 

of Estimate, 314, 315. 
Boardman, Derick L., 355, 363, 423. 

H. F.,357, 363, 423. 

John, 324. 
Boardman & Son. D. L., 423. 
Boetcher. John, 250. 
Bogardus, J. M., 33r, 332, 333. 
Bolmer, William B., 351. 
Bolton, Edward, 282, 422. 

James, 331. 

Patrick, 337, 341, 425. 
Bolton & Anthony, 422. 
Bond, G. Fredrick, 333. 334, 335, 336. 
Bonds, City, 313, 314, 320, 321. 
Bonesteel, Albert E., 356, 395. 

H. F.,363. 

\V. N., 363. 
Bontecou, Reed B., 1S3, 363, 364, 

368. 
Booksellers, 397, 421. 
Books, Spelling, 24. 
Boot and shoe dealers, 39S, 399 424. 
Booth, B. S., 363. 

R. R., 348. 
Bord, George S., 332, 333. 
Bose, F. W., 352. 
Boston, 26. 

Bosworth, Foster, 14S, 2S1, 326, 331, 
358. 389- 

George S., 343. 

I- F., 373- 

Nathaniel, 3S7. 
Bosworth & Holmes, 389. 
Bottum, M. A., 402. 
Bottum & Daly, 424. 
Boughton, E. H., 39S. 

Ezra W., 398. 
Boughton, E. W. & E. H ., 398. 
Boughton lY. Co., E. W., 71, 398. 
Boundaries, village, 25, 51. 
Boutelle, G. V., 19S, 200. 
Bouton, Josiah, 13S, 139. 

Nathan, 114, 324. 

Stephen, 139. 



Boutwell, Charles A., 276. 

Mrs., 67. 

Oliver. 213. 275, 276, 329, 334. 
Boutwell & Son, O., 275, 276. 
Bouwery. Poesten, 16. 
Bowen, James, 1S0, 184. 

J.E.,352. 
Bowman. Cassius M., 415. 

jr., Joseph, 415. 

sr., Joseph, 414, 415. 

Stephen, 330. 
Bowman iV Mosely, 414. 
Bowman & Sons, Joseph, 273. 414 
Boxes, Paper, 417. 
Boyle, T. W., 341. 
Bradley, Arthur W., 262. 

Mrs. Sarah, 139. 

William. 52, 56, 57, 90, 94, 114, 

323, 325- 
Bradshaw, M. S., 413. 
Bradt, C. D.,425. 
Bradt & Rogers, 425. 
Brady, A. N., 203. 
Bragg. P.. 324. 325. 
Brainerd, S. S.,397. 
Brainerd & Brown, 397. 
Brainerd & Tibbals, 397. 
Brainerd & Waite, 397. 
Braman, E. A., 351. 
Brandt, P. J., 328. 
Brannen, John A., 344. 

Thomas B., 343. 
Breaker Island. 266. 
Brearton, Thomas, 335, 336, 341. 
Breed, G. F., 350. 
Breen, James, 333, 334. 
Brennan, F., 296. 

George J., 341, 425. 
Brewer. J. M.. 338. 
Breweries, 41. 104, no, 276, 277. 421. 
Brewster. Ammi, 158. 

Benjamin, 267. 

Orson, 210. 
Brick building, first. 31. 
Brick, fire, 279, 280. 
Brick making, 31. 
Brick, paving, 279. 
Bridge, Albany, 77. 

R. & S. R. R., 136, 146. 170, 
193. 

T. .V W. T., 226, 364. 

Union, 135. 
Bridgeman, John F., 338, 343, 388. 
Bridges. 78, 82. 
Bridges, T. B., 354. 

W. R.,233. 
Brigham, C. D., 339. 
Briggs, Amos, 165. 

D. C, 396,412, 413. 
Brinckerhoff, Isaac, 324. 

John, 69. 

William, 129, 33S. 
Brinckerhoff .i: Co., John, 69, 264. 
Brinsmade, T. C, 366. 
Brintnall, Charles E., 1S5. 249, 330, 
342. 

Charles S., 233, 281, 363. 

Lemuel, 129. 
Bristol, Flavia, 383. 

George, 120, 383. 
Bristol & Co., George, 383. 



Britton, J. G., 366. 

S. W., 149. 
Brockholls. A.. 15. 
Brockner-Evans Co., 279. 
Broderick, P.. 335. 
Broessel, V., 354. 
Brokaw Mfct. Co., 410. 
Brokaw, W. B., 410. 
Brokers, Real estate, 424. 
Bronck, P.. n. 
Brooklyn, 419. 
Brooks. A. L., 349. 

J. W., 330. 
Biookside Hosiery Co., 280. 
Brothers, Christian. 214. 
Broughton & Co., H., 422. 
Broughton, Henry, 39S. 422. 
Brower, F. M., 421. 
Brown, Abel, 151. 

Addison, 158. 

Charles A., 357,389, 390, 423. 

Ebenezer, 174. 

Edgar H., 352. 

G.J.,351- 

G. W., 219, 290. 295, 351. 

Jacob, 120. 

James, 245. 

Jonathan, 56. 

Nathan, 325. 

Nehemiah, 115. 

S. D., 351, 352. 

W. B., 151. 

W. C, 348. 
Brown & Co., C. A., 166, 3S9, 390. 

E., 174. 
Browne, G. J., 353. 

Irving, 185, 341. 

L. C, 353- 

T. F., 335. 
Brownell, Edwin, 370. 
Brownson, Nathan, 331. 
Bruce, C. E., 410. 
Bryan, R. S., 139. 
Buchanan, A., 197. 
Buckingham, E., 353. 

G., 115. 
Bucklev, Allen, & Co., 396. 
Buckley, P., 423. 

P. H., 342. 

Thomas, 312, 396. 
Budget, Northern, 262, 369, 370,372, 

373- 

Troy, 369, 370. 

Troy Daily, 370. 

Troy Northern, 262, 373. 
Buel, Clarence, 1S2, 185, 197, 327. 
Buel, jr., David, 71, 90, 94, 106, 112, 
114, 125, 14S, 249, 305. 309, 
327, 32S, 366. 

sr., David, 53, 61, 81, S2, 125, 
240, 274, 323, 324, 338, 358. 

Elam, 72, 323. 

James, 210, 357. 

William C, 159. 
Buffalo, 419. 
Buffington, C. E., 363. 
Building, Public, 263, viii. 
Bull, Archibald, 323. 

Rice C, 357. 
Bullions, A. B., 348. 

Peter, 129, 349. 



43© 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Bullions, Samuel S., 358. 

Bullis, F., 381. 

Bumstead, jr., Thomas, 329. 

jr., W. J., 422. 

W., 422. 
Bunnel, Abel, 129. 

L- S., 344, 417. 
Burbeck, C. H., 363. 
Burch, J. C, 396. 

Burden, Henry. 127, 215, 265, 267, 
268, 269. 

Howard H., 355, 417. 

I. Townsend, 215, 269. 

James A., 215. 269, 2S1, 358. 

John, 413. 

Mrs. Helen, 215. 

William F., 25S, 269. 
Burden Iron Company, 267, 268, 

269. 
Burden & Sons, H., 269. 
Burdett, Edward, 271. 

George C, 33S, 357. 

Lillian, 173. 
Burden, Smith, & Co., 271. 
Burdick, A. T., 343, 395. 

C. F.,352. 
Burgoyne, John, 18, 20. 
Burial-ground, 47, 50, 91, 92, 93. 

Third Street, 230. 231. 
Burke, James, 296. 

Miss. 219. 

\V. E., 425. 

W. J., 353- 
Burns, Cornelius F.. 312. 368. 

Daniel, 334. 

Joseph, 334, 335. 

Patrick, 425. 
Burr, C. C, 353. 

Jonathan, 70. 
Burrington, L. M., 353. 
Burrows, Jabez, 324, 325. 
Burtis, jr., John, 126. 

Lewis, 126. 
Burtis & Mann, 271. 
Burton, Lebbeus, 213. 393. 

Matthew H., 343, 363, 368. 
Burton & Co., L., 393. 
Bush, Calvin, 197. 

James C, 196. 

"Walter R., 273. 

jr., Walter R., 259, 273. 
Bushnell, C. S., 186, 187, 18S, 190. 
Buskirk & Proudfit, 206. 
Bussey, jr., Esek, 271. 

sr., Esek. 271, 401. 

Thomas, 330, 331. 

T. H., 401. 
Bussey, McLeod, & Co., 271. 
Bussey & Co., E., 401. 
Bussey & McLeod Stove Co., 271. 
Buswell, John G , 209, 330. 
Butler, David, 61, 62, 63,96, 113, 114, 

35°- 

Harriet, 96. 

J. B.,425. 

Lewis. 120, 
Butterworth, C. F., 422. 
Button iV Blake, 361. 
Button & Son, L., 362. 
By ram, J. H., 424. 
Byron, Patrick, 343, 425. 



Cadets, Freeman, 180. 

Tibbits, 233. 
Cahill, J. F., 341, 425. 
Cahoone, E. R., 396. 
Caird, James, 219, 350, 351. 
Calder, A. G. H., 358. 

J. D. W., 423. 

Philip A., 392. 

W. F., 199, 200. 
Caldwell, G. A., 399. 

James, 31. 

J. B., 424. 

L. D.. 329. 
Calhoun, John C, 301. 
Cameron, John C, 331. 
Camp, N. H., 198, 363. 

Strong, 185. 

Willard, 1S3. 1S4. 

Wool. 186. 
Campbell, Angus, 331, 332. 

M. S., 421. 

M. W., 363. 
Campbell & Ward, 421. 
Campion, E., 331, 332. 

T. H., 369. 
Canal, Boston to Troy, 163. 

Champlain, 95, 101, 377. 

Erie, 95, 96, 101, 122, 377. 

Hydraulic, 274, 275, 280. 
Canderbeeck, M. & M., 239. 
Canfield, D„ 6S. 
Cannon, LeGrand, 71, 132, 136, 167, 

384- 

Mr., 67. 
Cannon Place, 71, 72, 136, 239, 3S4. 
Cannon, steel rifled, 265. 
Cantwell, [., 119. 

jr.,W."P., 363. 
Car couplers. 417. 
Car manufacturers, 169, 273. 
Card, John M., 394 

Martha, 242. 
Carden, P., 197. 
Carey, Patrick, 333, 334. 
Car-ill. H. L.,353- 
( 'arhart, J. W., 352. 
Carlin, Joseph, 16S. 
Carlo, Mrs., 67. 
Carpenter, B. E., 422. 

C. 388. 

Daniel, 27, 410. 

lames H.. 423. 
Carpenter <S: Darling, 3S8. 
Carpet dealers, 422. 
Carr, David. 20S. 

General, 85. 

Joseph B.. 180, 183, 184, 201, 
203, 246, 262, 278, 282, 312. 
Carr & Co., J. B., 278. 
(an l.iges, 72, no, 16S, 41S, 422. 
Carroll, Thomas B., 260, 326, 331, 

370. 
Carroll & Cook, 370. 
Cars, 169, 264, 273. 
Carter, A. B., 350. 

Cyrus, 217, 401. 

Edward, 2S2, 283, 333, 334, 335, 
336, 416. 
Carv. D. J., 197. 

R. T., 337, 344. 

Sidney T., 379. 



Cary, Tallman, 335. 

W. H., 331, 332. 

Zenas, 194. 
Casey, J. J., 337, 425. 

Philip, 185. 
Cassidy, Michael, 182, 183. 
Casteel, Moenemines. 7, 8, 13. 

Unumats, 7, 13. 
Castings, Machinery, 278. 

Malleable Iron, 276. 
Caswell, Herbert M., 343. 
Cathcart & Co., A , 34. 
Catholics. Roman. 42. 
Catlin, B. S., 198, 200. 
Cattle, Slaughtering, 40, 41, 52, 76, 

378. 
Cavalry, Black Horse, 185. 

Griswold Light, 200. 
Cavanaugh, J. H., 335, 336. 

Michael, 340, 421. 
Cement, 2S0. 
Cemeteries, 92, 93. 
Cemetery. Mount Ida. 92, 93, 178. 

New Mt Ida, 178. 

Oakwood, 92, 247, 249, 250. 

St. Joseph's, 178. 

St. Peter's, 178. 

Sixth Ward, 178. 

Troy, 92, 93, 247. 
Census, 54, 55, 66, 374. 
Centennial, Troy's, 281-312. 
Centinel, Northern, 22, 26. 
Chains, 278. 
Chair factories, no. 
Chairs, railroad, 265. 
Chamberlains, 337, 33S. 
Chamberlin, Frank, 197. 

Lee, 334, 401, 402. 
Chamberlin, Bottum, & Co., 402. 
Champney, L. C, 39S. 
Chapel, Gardiner Earl Memorial, 

24S, 249, 250, 420. 
Chapin, E. H., 343. 

E. S., 344. 
Chapman. E. T., 350. 

Isaac, 158. 

James. 344. 
Charette, J., 353. 
Chase, Philander, 60. 

Waldo K , 276. 
Cheese-box, Yankee, 190. 
Cheeseman, J. K., 351 
Cheever, E., 115. 
Chellock, B. A., 354. 
Cheney, E. D., 422, 425. 
Cheney & Ranken. 422. 
Chester, John, 365. 
Chew, F. A., 363. 
Chichester, Elijah, 295, 351. 
Henry S , 330. 

Jeremiah, 328. 
Chickamauga, Rock of, 249. 
Children, Destitute, 250. 
Childs, Jonathan, 329, 330. 
Choral Union, Troy, 259, 283. 
Christie, Albert, 329. 

John S., 209, 356. 

John T., 357,417. 

jr., Robert, 209. 
Church, Andrew M., 213, 368, 383. 
Charles R., 392. 






TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



431 



Church, Henry S., 338, 339. 

N., 149. 
Church bells, 264, 271, 272. 
Church Company, Andrew M., 3S1, 

382, 383. 
Church-night, 2S9. 
Church & Phalen, 383. 
Churches, 154, 290-297. 

Baptist, Fifth Ave. (See North) 
First Part. 46, 47, 80, 104, 

241, 290, 292, 293, 349. 
North, 170,196,204. 252,349. 
Second, 91, 129, 217, 349. 
Sixth Ave. (See Vail.) 
South Troy, 252, 253, 349. 
Vail Avenue, 220, 221, 349. 
Bethel. (See Presbyterian.) 
Church of Christ, Disciples, 143. 
Cong, of Jesus Christ, 143. 
First, 247,290, 354. 
Second, 354. 
Congregational, Free, 150, 151, 

234. 
Dutch Reformed, 151. 
Episcopal, Christ Church, 138, 
139, 225, 242, 243, 350. 
Church of the Holy Cross, 
154. 155.156. 225,290,294, 
351- 
Free Church of the Ascen- 
sion, 219, 225, 294, 351. 
St. Barnabas, 245, 294, 351. 
St. Luke's, 218, 351. 
St. John's, 125, 126, 172, 173, 

225, 293,294, 350. 
St. Paul's, 60, 61, 62, 63,111, 
113, 114, 115, 125, 139, 
172, 224, 225, 226, 244, 
290, 294, 350. 
St. Paul's Free Chapel. 
(See St. Barnabas.) 
Evangelical, St. Paul's, 247, 290, 

354- 
Friends, Society of, 63. 
Jewish, Berith Sholom, 21S, 290, 
354- 
Beth Israel, 354. 
Shaare Tepilla, 253, 354. 
Lutheran. Trinity, 237, 290. 354. 
Methodist, African M. E. Zion, 
120, 290, 295, 352. 
Albia, 119, 120, 16S, 295, 

351. 
Congress Street. (See 

Trinity.) 
Fifth Avenue. (See North 

Second Street.) 
First Colored Wesleyan , 

120. 
First German, 203, 295, 352. 
Fourth, 168. 

Grace. (See Vail Avenue.) 
Hemlock, 161. 
Levings, 119, 160, 16S, 295, 

352. 
Methodist Episcopal. (See 

State Street.) 
North Second Street, 127, 

12S, 160, 295, 351, 352. 
North Troy. (See Vail 

Avenue.) 



Churches — Continued. 

Methodist, Pawling Avenue. 

(See Albia.) 
State Street, 68, 69, 117, 118, 

124, 127,128, 159, 160, 219, 

220, 290, 295, 351. 
Third Street, 159, 160, 16S, 

295, 352. 
Trinity, 160, 161, 295, 352. 
True Wesleyan, 152, 161, 

203. 
Vail Avenue, 213, 295, 352. 
Wesley Chapel. (See Third 

Street.) 
Wesleyan M. E. Zion, 120. 
Presbyterian, Associate. (See 

United.) 
Bethel Free, 149. 150. 
First, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 

45, 60, 61, 115, 125, 129, 

130, 131, 150, 214, 245, 

261, 291, 292, 348. 
Fourth, 151. 
Liberty Street, 130, 131, 199, 

290, 348. 
Mount Ida Memorial, 229, 

349- 
Ninth, 215, 216, 290, 349. 
Oakwood Avenue, 214, 349. 
Park, 171, 229, 349. 
Second, 115. n6, 117, 127, 

194, 2io, 215, 229 348. 
Second Street, 127, 241,242, 

243. 348. 
South Presbyterian. (See 

Woodside.) 
Third, 125, 229. 
United, 33, 34, 37, 129, 290, 

297, 349- 
Westminster, 243, 349. 
Woodside, 215, 349, 
Roman Catholic, Hoi}' Trinity, 
252. 
St. Francis, 217, 219, 252, 

353- 
St. Jean's, 216, 217, 353. 
St. Joseph's, 172, 216, 353. 
St. Laurence's, 246, 353. 
St. Mary's, 156, 158, 182, 

290, 353. 
St. Michael's, 226, 353. 
St. Patrick's, 226, 353. 
St. Paul's, 353. 
St. Peter's, 93, 118, 119, 156, 
166, 167, 290, 295, 353. 
Unitarian, First, 63, 158, 159, 

240, 290, 353. 
Universalist, First Restoration- 
ist, 91. 
First, 91, 129,290, 296, 353. 
Churchill, George, 334, 369. 
Lee, 183. 
Mr., 238. 
Cigar manufacturers, 422. 
Cipperly, J. A., 363. 
J. H., 343, 363. 
Citizens' Association, 419, 425. 
City Attorneys, 33S. 
City-hall, 92, 230, 231, 232. 

Company, 230. 
City, New, 376. 



City, Old, 376. 
Clark, Asaph, 125. 
A. S., 351. 
Charles C, 372. 
Charles G., 335, 341. 
C. H., 344- 
F. G., 348. 
J. H„ 351- 
Humphrey, 323. 
Israel, 54. 
L., 351. 
Otis G., 204, 213, 282, 290, 332, 

339, 358, 366, 368. 
Zephaniah, 370, 397. 
Clark. Keeney, & Co., 270. 
Clark & Co., Z., 397. 
Clark & Hosford, 397. 
Clarke, C. P., 351. 
Clatworthy, John, 259, 369. 
Cleary, J. F., 335, 336. 
Kvran, 331. 
W. V., 333, 334, 373. 
Cleaver, J. B., 3=54. 
Clegg, W. D., 366. 
Cleminshaw, Charles, 203, 2S2, 355, 
3°S, 415- 
C. G., 4'5- 
Mrs. Charles, 243. 
Clendinnen, W. F., 398. 
Clerks, city, 338, 339. 

village, 74, 323. 
Cleveland, W., 67. 
Clexton, Samuel R., 356, 400. 

Theodore A., 400. 
Clinton, DeWitt, 257, 366. 
Clock, City, 80, 104, 232. 
Clohesy, Eliza, 140. 
Close, John T., 70. 
Clothiers, 402, 403. 
Clough, M., 363. 

Clowes, Thomas, 105, 327,329, 358. 
Club, Bachelors, 368. 
B. G., 368. 
East Side, 368. 
Ionic, 214, 368. 
Laureate Boat, 368. 
Pafraets Dael, 369. 
Republican, 369. 
Robert Emmet, 369. 
Trojan Wheelman, 369. 
Troy, 25S, 259, 369. 
Troy Bicycle, 369. 
Troy Turn Verein, 369. 
Troy Yacht. 369. 
William S. Earl Boat, 369. 
Cluett, Edmund, 283, 398. 
Frederick H., 398. 
George B., 282, 357, 368, 407. 
J. W. A., 257, 283, 286, 368, 397, 

407. 
Mrs. A. B., 243. 
Mrs. George B., 243, 257. 
Robert, 2S2, 336, 337, 407. 
William, 397. 
Cluett, Brother, & Co., G. B., 407. 
Cluett, Coon, & Co., 32, 272, 407, 

408, 409. 
Cluett & Son, W., 397. 
Cluett & Sons, W., 397, 398. 
Cluever, J. H., 353. 
Coach-making, 71, 137, 168, 169,273. 



43 2 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Coal dealers, 422. 
Coat of arms, City, 317. 
Coates, Michael, 67, 351. 
Coburn, E. B., 363. 

E. S..363. 
Coe, Jonas, 33, 34, 37, 38, 45, 61, 86, 

245, 250, 348. 
Coffee-house, Barney's City, 161. 

Mou'.ton's, 39, 46, 48, 238. 

Troy, 4S, 8g, go. 
Coffey, James W., 337, 342, 343, 363. 
Cohen Brothers, 422. 
Cohen, David, 422. 

Fred, 422. 

Jacob, 218. 

Mrs. David, 364. 
Coit, Thomas W., 181, 21S, 224, 294, 

300, 350. 
Colby, John H.,338. 

John P., 422. 

J. & J. P., 422. 
Cold, temperature, 132. 
Cole, Edmund, 383. 

Edmund L., 233, 342. 

H. W., 409, 412. 

John L., 331, 332. 

John P., 140. 

Patrick, 119. 

Reuben, 217. 

Thomas, 329. 
Cole, Coon, & Co., 409. 
Cole, Dyer, & Pine, 412. 
Cole & Coon, 409. 
Coleman, A. N., 290, 354. 

T- H„ 352. 

S-, 352- 

Thomas, 158,212,213, 237, 255, 
263.2S2.332. 357, 358, 366,36s. 

Warren 1!.. 197. 
Collar and Cuff Manufacturers, 174, 

175. 176. 272, 273, 4"4-4i5- 
Collars, Linen, r74. 175, 176, 264, 

272, 273, 404-415- 
Collectors, village, 323. 
College, St. Peter's, 17''. 

Troy Com., 205, 240. 
Collings, Henry, 344. 
Collins, A. D , 344. 

Cornelius V. , 340, 379. 

Ebenezer R , 334, 3S7. 

Edward, 16. 

J. N., 322. 

fames P., 217. 

Michael F., 262, 2S2, 373. 

Thomas, 341. 

William, 333, 334. 
Collins & Co., 387. 
Collins & Collison, 3S7. 
Collison, R. C, 3S7. 
Colt, jr., E. N., 363. 
Colvin, James A., 197. 
Cohvell, Thomas, 356, 426. 
Comeskey, David, 197. 
Comet, Newton's, 15. 
Commander}', Apollo, 222, 252. 
Commissioners, Fire, 339, 340. 

of Charity, 341. 

Police, 340, 425. 

Public Improvement, 341, 342, 
419. 

School, 340, 341, 425. 



Commissioners, Sinking Fund, 321. 

Water, 339. 
Committee of One Hundred, 2S1, 

282, 312. 
Common Council, 80, 89, 90, 124, 

130, 148, 182. 
Common, The, 68. 
Company, T. & S. Stage, 365. 
Comptrollers, 337. 
Concert, Inaugural, 2S3. 
Conch-shell, 27, 37. 
Conduit Company. 54, 167. 
Conferences, New England, 67. 

New York, 68. 
Congdon, James H., 344. 
Congress Hall, 423. 
Conkey. Charles F., 5S, 356. 

Ithamar, 3S6. 

John, 330. 
Conklin, C. A., 353. 
Conkling, Allen, 279. 
Connelly, D., 423. 
Conners, Patrick, 197. 
Connolly, Edward J., 259, 396. 

John, 396. 
Connolly & Curtis, 396. 
Connor, R. O., 197. 
Connors, William, 2S0. 
Conroy, John J., 214, 216, 217, 252. 
Consalus, John, 369. 
Converse, G. C, 379. 

John, 267. 

Josiah, 129, 328. 

P. W., 36S, 379. 
Converse, Cary, & Co., 379. 
Converse, Collins, Merrill, & Co., 

379. 38o. 
Converse, Peckham, & Co., 379. 
Converse, Peckham, & Vilas, 379. 
Conway, D. E., 422. 

II. A , 422. 

Brothers. & Kane, 422. 
Cook, Alanson, 370. 

Charles, 358. 

jr., Charles, 393. 

John L., 213. 

Paul, 260, 365, 366. 425. 

Peter, 336. 

Robley D., 363, 369. 
Cooke, H.. 350. 
Cookson, John, 349. 
Cooley, Captain, 200. 

L. M., 210. 
Coon, D. W., 406, 409. 

J. H., 406, 409. 
Coon, Reynolds, & Co., 409. 
Coon & Co., 406, 409. 
Coon & Van Volkenburgh, 409. 
Coonev, P., 353. 
Cooper, E. D., 350. 

Sylvester, 213. 

William. 196, 331, 332. 

William C, 363. 

W. L., 363. 

William S., 363. 

William W., 330. 
Cooper shops, 103, no. 
Cooperative Collar and Cuff Co., 

416. 
Copp, Nathaniel, 330. 
Corbin, Pliny M., 241, 356. 



Corby, James D., 353. 
Corey, John, 114. 
Corliss, Charles H., 406. 

John A., 406. 

John M., 355, 356, 405, 406. 

Wilbur F., 406. 
Corliss Brothers & Co., 272, 405, 406. 
Corliss. House, & Co., 406. 
Corliss & House, 406. 
Corliss & Son, J. M., 406. 
Corliss & White, 406. 
Cornelissen, Dirck, 10. 
Cornelius, T. J., 342. 
Cornell, D. E., 196. 

Latham, 128, 129, 149. 

Joseph, 221. 
Cornices galvanized, 401. 
Corning, C. W., 344. 

Douglas. 406. 

jr., Erastus, 265, 266, 267. 

sr.. Erastus, 215, 264, 265. 

Gurdon, Sg, 92, 94, 161, 324, 325, 
326, 327, 343, 344, 354, 355. 
Corning, Horner. & Winslow, 264, 

265. 
Corning, William M., 355. 
Corning, Winslow, & Co., 185, igr, 

265. 
Corning & Barker. 406. 
Corning & Co., 86, 391. 
Corning & Co. , D.,406. 
Corning & Co., Erastus, 265, 266. 
Comings & Winslow, 265. 
Corporation Counsel, 338. 
Corps, Tibbits Veteran, 232. 
Corps, Troy Citizens', 140, 1S0, 184, 

232, 233, 247. 
Corr, John, 340. 
Corse, A. R., 335, 343. 
Coste, R. J.. 353. 
Cottrell, William, 344. 
Council. Bloss, 222. 
Council, Common, So, 8g, go, 124, 

130, 148, 1S2. 
Counsel, Corporation, 338. 
County, Albany, iS, 36, 38. 

Rensselaer, 36, 38. 
Court, First County, 38. 

Mayor's, So, 124. 
Courthouse, 31, 36, 38, 3g. 40, 46, 

68, 123. 124. 23g, 245. 
Coutie, George S , 36g. 
Covell, Benjamin, 23, 24, 26, 30, 32, 
34, 35, 42, 250, 323, 324, 403. 

Benj. & Silas, 34, 46. 

Lemuel, 47. 

Silas, 23, 35, 46, 47, 58, 81, 323. 

Stephen, 58, 32S. 
Coverly, J. M , 403. 
Cowee, Arthur, 422. 

David, 3gi. 

Farwell, 3gi. 

James F., 2S1, 357, 3gi. 
Cowen, D. F., 344. 

Esek, 263. 
Cox, David B., 207, 366. 

Edward B., 358, 422. 

Richard. 155, 294, 350. 

William, 219, 333. 

William D., 336. 337, 425. 
Cox, Warren, Morrison, & Co., 270. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



433 



Coyle, Mark J., 337, 343. 
Cozier, William C. , 262, 373. 
Cozier & Pratt, 262, 373. 
Craft, Gardner, 324. 
Moses, 324, 394. 
Cralt, Hart, & Pitcher, 394. 
Craig, S A., 340. 
Cramer, George H., 212. 25S, 2S2, 

355. 358, 3S4. 395- 

John, 70, ro7, 132. 

LeGrand C, 233. 
Crandall, E. F., 331. 

E. L.,363. 

Louis S.. 36S. 400. 
Crandall & Hart well, 400. 
Crandell, Joseph, 257. 

Levin. 180, 196. 

Otis N., 422. 
Crandell, Knight. &iReichard, 422. 
Crawford, G. A., 344. 

M. G., 332, 333. 
Creek, Meadow. 11, 42, 51. 

Mill, 8. 
Cridge, Edmund J., 336, 337. 
Crissey. Isaac W., 337. 339, 355. 

William G., 343. 357. 
Crockery merchants, 396. 
Croes, R. B., 350. 
Cronin, John S., 366. 
Cross, George, 158. 

James A., 183, 198. 
Crossen, Asa, 2S, 402. 

James. 344. 
Crowley, M.. 423. 
Cruikshank, Robert, 129. 423. 
Crynnesen, C, it. 
Cuffs, linen. 174, 175, 176, 264, 272. 

273. 404-4I5- 
Cummings, D. J., 344. 

Franklin, 15S. 

Fred. M., 421. 

Mark F.. 219, 231,282.283,421. 

& Son, M. F.. 260, 367, 421. 
Cunningham, A. G., 41S. 

W. O., 275, 366. 
Cunningham-Young Co.. 418. 
Cure, Burrows, 389. 
Cure & Warr, 389. 
Curley, John P., 342, 363. 
Curry, J., 353. 
Curtis. Caleb, 67. 

jr., Daniel, 50. 

H. C. 413, 415. 

Montgomery G., 336, 337, 395, 
390. 

Phebe, 67. 
Curtis-Randall Mfct. Co., 396. 
Curtis & Co.. H. C, 272, 415. 
Curtis & Rickerson, 395. 396. 
Cusack, Edward, 39S. 

James W., 185, 199, 200, 232, 
233. 2S2, 312, 398. 
Cusack & Co., J. W., 398. 
Cushing, C. W., 351. 
Cushman, Chailotte, 239. 

John P., 132, 303, 307, 308, 310, 

327- 
Cushman and Stevens, 423. 

Daboll, W. C, 424. 
Dael, Palraets, 13, 14. 

55 



Dael, Weelys, 13. 

Dalaby, J., 82. 

Daley, T., 353. 

Daly, James W., 2S2, 336, 337, 402, 

424. 
Daly & Horan, 424. 
Daly & Stanton, 421. 
Dam, Jansen, n. 
Dam, State, 10, 101, 275. 
Dana, James, 330. 
Danker, J., 329. 
Darby. Henry S., 395. 
Darling, Brother, & Co., 3S6. 
Darling. Edwin E., 386. 

Henry H., 221, 355, 36S, 3S6. 
Darling & Brother, 386. 
Dater, J., 73. 329. 

P-, 73- 

P. W., 393- 
Dauchy, Burr, 3S6. 

Burr & C. H.. 386. 

C. H., 3S6, 387, 402. 

Henrv B., 2r4. 244, 281, 283, 
355'. 366. 368, 422. 

Jeremiah, Sg, 90, 115, 162. 167, 
328, 329. 

John B., 402. 

Nathan, 109, 114, 324, 32S. 344. 

354, 3S9- 

Samuel, 139, 386. 
Dauchv, Flood. & Co., 386. 
Dauchy, Lee, & Co., 3S6. 
Dauchy, Travis. & Co., 402. 
Dauchy .S: Amadon, 386. 
Dauchy & Brother, 402. 
Dauchy & Co., 402. 
Dauchy & Conkey, 386. 
Dauchy & Darling, 3S6. 
Dauchy & Flack, 386. 
Dauchy & Flood, 386. 
Dauchy & Paltison, 422. 
Dauchy & Rose, 380. 
Dauchy & Travis, 402. 
Dauphine, 1. 
Davenport, Charles E., 259. 

Ncls n, 363, 366. 
Davidson, G. C, 265. 

T. U., 42r. 
Davis, Charles H., 186, 187. 

George R., 171, 206, 240, 302, 
305, 331, 342, 355, 358. 

Helen S., 241. 

Henry, 343. 

John, 324. 

John K., 241. 

J. T., 199, 200. 

R., 349. 

jr., Richard, 70. 

Thomas, 61, 69, S6, 324. 
Davis & Co., J. D., 424. 
Davis & Co., William D., 370. 
Daw, George W., 363. 
Day, Dark. 237, 238. 
Day. George, 32S. 

Hanford, 413. 

J G-. 363-, 

Miss, 67. 
Day, Robinson, & Bradshaw, 413. 
Dav Home. 234. 
Dayton, D. W., 352. 
Dean, H. G., 348. 



De Backers, Harry, 11. 
Debt, Funded, 313, 314, 315, 316, 
321. 

Troy's, 37S, 419. 
DeCamp, Henry, 33- 

John, 33. 
Decker, W. H., 352. 
Decker & Rice, 384. 
Decorative Art, Troy Soc, 256. 
DeFotest. Jose, 6. 
DeFreest, Abraham W., 328. 

Albert. 3S9. 

Charles R.. 339, 366. 

David. 6g, 93, 264. 

David M., 329. 

John, 94. 

John R., 389. 

Philip, rS. 
DeFreest & Sheldon, 3S9. 
DeGolyer, J., 425. 
DeGolyer & Brother, 425. 
DeGroff, James, 330. 
DeGroot, B. E.. 363. 
DeHooges. A., n. 
Deinenger, J. C, 352. 
DeLaet, J., 14. 
Delamater, C. H., 1S9, 191. 
DeLancy, C. D., 191. 
Delaney, P. I.. 337, 425- 

P. F.. 343 
Delevan, Henry, 267. 
Demers, George W., 182, 339. 

John, 216. 

John B., 217. 
Deming, H. A., 343. 

L. D., 222. 
Denio, Cole H., 363. 
Denison, H. S., 415. 
Dennis, S. A.. 398. 
Dennis & Fitch, 39S. 
Denny, Thomas, 337, 425. 
Depot, Union. 171, 196. 
Der Bogaert. M., n. 
Derrick, S. Nelson, 214, 344. 
Deuel, W. H.. 402. 
Deuel & Dauchy, 402. 
Devery, Patrick, 337. 
DeVos, A., 11. 
DeWitt, Abner, 229, 349. 

Simeon, 107. 
Dexter, Captain, 249. 

Uriel. 330, 331, 342, 421. 
Dibble, Charles, 168. 
Dickerman. J., 329. 
Dickinson, John D., 52, 56, 82, 107, 
109, 11S. 161, 354. 

M. D., 3G3. 
Dickson. Thomas, 341. 
Dieppe, 1. 

Dillingham, F. A., 353. 
Dimond, William, 197. 
Dinger. F. W., 203, 352. 
1 lirectory, First, 121. 
Distillery, 75, 104, no. 
Disturnell, John, 121. 
Doane, W. C, 156, 218, 219, 224, 

244. 
Dodds & Ferguson, 224. 
Dodge, W. T., 210. 
Dolan. Edwaid, 335, 336, 339, 358. 
Dole, James, 49. 



434 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Dole, Sidney, 75, 76. 

Don, John, 333, 334, 335, 342, 355. 

Donahue, T. Byron, 341. 

William H„ 343. 
Donlevy, G., 119. 
Donnan, George R., 363. 
Donnelly, James M., 363. 
Donohue, F., 353. 
Donohue-Tierney Isengart Brewing 

Co., 421. 
Donohue, William, 332. 342, 421. 
Donohue & Birge, 194. 
Doors numbered, 121. 
Doring Brothers, 425. 
Doring, Charles, 210. 334. 

jr., Charles, 422. 

C. F, 4 2 5 . 

J. C.,425- 
Dorlon, Elias, 73, 149, 329, 389. 

Elias G., 337, 356, 425. 

Philip, 73. 

Philip S., 20S. 
Dorlons \' Huddlesion, 73. 
Dorr, Francis ().. 158, 290, 363. 
Dorrance, J. A., 424. 

William J., 34r. 424. 
Dorrance & Packard. 424. 
Dorrance & Son, J. A., 424. 
Dorset, Lawrence, 34. 
Doty, Moses, 324. 
Douglas, Alanson, 70, 94. 123, 354, 

355. 
Charles S., 355. 
Edward W., 363. 
Doughty, William H., 255, 281, 355, 

365. 3°°- 
Dow, G. H.. 363. 

Lorenzo. 67. 

P. L., 352. 
Dowling, T. P., 424. 
Drake, Charles F., 395. 

Francis, 395. 

John K.. 421. 
Drake & Co., F.. 395. 
Drake & Motrin, 421 . 
Draper, Frederick E., 357. 402. 

Stephen. 416. 

William II. , 416. 
Dream, Dirk Van der ileyden's, 283, 

289. 
Dredges. City, 319. 
Driscoll. M.. 353. 
Drolshagen, F., 353. 
Druggists. 390-393, 421. 
Drum, W. A , 353. 
Dry Goods Merchanis, 379-386. 
DuBois, H. T., 415. 

John, 119. 
Duke, John, 213, 35S, 365. 
Dumbleton, Mr., Si. 
Dun & Co.. R. G..42J. 
Dungy, John, 120, 352. 
Dunham, H. C, 387. 

T. M.,413. 
Dunlop. Mary, 194. 
Dunn. Daniel. 334. 

James L., 369. 

lohn. 276. 
Dunn & Kenned)', 276, 277. 
Dunspaugh, M. W., 233. 
Dunton, Samuel, 348. 



Du Pin, M. de la Tour, 41, 42. 
Durfee, C. S., 349. 
Durkee, Harrison, 149, 355. 
Duryea, J. T. , 184, 348. 
Duscnberry, Charles E., 213, 35S, 
368. 

Henry O.. 3S7. 
Dusenbeny & Fairweather, 3S7. 
Dutch, 2, 4, 7. 
Dutcher, J . M.. 400. 

T. H . , 400. 
Dutcher & Son, J. M., 400. 
Dwellings, 30, 54, 55, 64, 65, 66, 74. 
Dyer, C. M ., 412. 
Dyer & Pine, 412. 

Eames, H.. 351. 

Earl, Gardner, 249, 250, 405. 

Hannah M., 249. 

Memorial Chapel, 24S, 249, 250, 
420. 

Ralph E W.. 70. 

William S., 249. 2S1, 312, 332, 
340, 357, 405, 425 
Earl & Blanchard, 405. 
Earl & Wilson, 272, 404, 405. 
Earthen Conduit Company, 54. 
Earthquakes, Si, 234. 
Eastman. I. B. . 348. 
Eaton, Amos, 101,, 107, 297, 300, 
404. 

Edward O., 169, 203. 

G. E , 372. 

H., 352 

J. W„ 197. 

Orsamus, 137, 168, 169, 170. 

Thomas B., 197. 
Eaton, Gilbert, & Co., 169, 170, 1S5. 

273- 
Eaton & Gilbert. 16S, 169. 
Ebbingh. Johanna, 14, 16. 
Eberson, B., 354. 
Eckardt, Edward. 417. 
Eddy, Asa, 149. 

Charles, 221. 332, 341. 

Clarence, 349. 

C. G.. 400. 

James A., 259, 2S1, 358. 

Luther D., 338. 

Titus, 209. 213, 329. 

Titus E., 332, 333. 

William, 331. 
Edgerton, Sheldon, & Osbom, 173. 
Edgerton. S. W., 352. 
Edgley, Thomas, 21S. 
Edson. (). W., 175, 176. 
Edward, Fort, iS, 19. 
Edwards, C, 352. 

Edward, 341. 

F. W., 369. 

Jonathan, 14S, 326, 331. 
Egan. James B., 363. 

M., 119. 
Egan & Kennedy, 424. 
Egleston, D. G, 330. 

Zina P., 128. 
Egolf, Joseph, 19S, 232, 340. 
Find, Laager. 1(1. 

Oppev, 16. 
Eirich, Peter, 237. 
Eisen L. F., 422. 



Eisen & Doring, 422. 
Elbow Street, 162. 
Elder, John, 416. 
Eldridge, Hezekiah, 324. 

Stephen, 115, 126. 
Elections, City, 79, So, 146. 
Electric Light Company, 255. 
Elliott, A. fci., 373, 

D. T., 352. 
Ellis, J. M., 423. 
Ellison, Thomas, 60. 
Elmendorf, C. I., 323. 

C. J.,31. 
Elwell, T. B., 424. 
Emerson, O., 160, 352. 
Emery, J. W., 424. 
Emigh & Lobdell, 273. 
Emigrants, New England, 2S. 
Empire Machine Co., 27S. 
Engine Companies, Fire, 50, 144, 
145. 184, 196, 343, 344, 358, 359, 
360, 361, 362. 
Engineer, City, 33S. 

Fire, 325, 343, 423. 
Engine-houses, 59, 144. 145. 
Engineering instruments. 274. 
English, Laurence, 422. 
English & Co., John, 422. 
English & Son, John, 422. 
Ennis, George H., 401. 
Enos, Edgar A., 224, 290, 295, 350. 
Ensign, D., 351. 

Perely, 34. 
Erben. II., 114, 156. 
Erhardt, J. G. , 350. 
Ericsson, Captain John, 186, 187, 

iSS, iSg, igo, igi, 192, 193. 
Esmond, F. S., 197. 
Estate agents, 42.. 
Euson, James, 333, 334. 
Evans, C. A.. 424. 

C P., 348. 

George, 370. 

Henry. 21S, 333. 

T. ).. 424. 
Evans Brothers, 424. 
Evening Standard Pub. Co., 262. 
Everett, E. L., 312. 

W. E., 191. 
Everett House, 423. 
Everingham, Richard, 422. 
Everingham & Slauson, 422. 
Evers, John J., 341. 

Thomas F., 1S0, 1S4. 
Everts, Henry, 329, 330. 
Exhibitions, Travelling, 23S, 239. 
Expenditures, City, 313, 315, 321, 

322, 37S. 419. 
Eylandt, Walvis, 10. 

Factories, 75, no. 

Factory, Albany Nail, 75, 102, 103, 
no, 264. 

Albia Cotton, 103. 

Shovel & Spade, 75, no. 

Troy Iron & Nail, 102, 103, no, 
178. 
Fagan, Thomas S., 342, 363. 
Fairbairn, R. B., 294, 350. 
Fairlee, George, 349. 
Fairlie, J. E., 363. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



435 



Fairweather, James H., 387. 
Fales, Andrew B.,213, 271, 35S, 366 

Francis A., 213, 237, 282, 358, 
36S, 3S3, 400. 

Joseph, 331, 332, 333, 334, 339, 
357- 
Fallon, J. G., 334, 352. 
Falls, Cohoes, S, 12, 28. 

Ida, 46, 102, 122. 
Fanners' Oracle, 50. 
Farming implements, 401. 
Farnam, C. W., 166, 221. 

Franklin W., 213, 219. 

Jane K., 219. 
Farr, A . A.. 161, 352. 
Farrar, II. C, 352. 
Farrell, Thomas, 334, 341. 
Fassett, John V., 392. 
Fassett & Co., 392. 
Fassett & Co., J. V.. 392. 
Fassett & Selden. 392. 
Faulkner, Charles T., 363. 
Fellows, Abraham, 71, 104, 398. 

A. C, 356, 413, 415. 

James, 71. 

James F., 413. 

Lewis, 330. 

Philip I., 324. 
Fellows & Co., 413. 
Fellows & Curtis, 413, 415. 
Felter, Mahlon, 363. 
Felton, Anion', 140. 
Felton, Keeney, & Co., 270. 
Fenner, Thomas, 328. 
Ferguson, Daniel, 197. 
l E. D.,363. 

Hiram A., 332. 

S. D., 351- 

William, 343, 424. 
Ferries, 32, S2, 84, S5, lot. 
Ferry, Ashley's, 23, 27, 28, 29. 

Hook, 23. 

Loudon's, ig. 

Van der Havden's, 23, 26, 2S, 
29, 376. 
Ferry-boats, 82, S4, 85, 101. 
Festival, Public School, 297. 
Field, Franklin, 257, 368. 

Mary H., 90. 

T. P., 34S. 
Field & Stone, 274. 
File, Benjamin W., 363. 
Filer. Henry P., 255, 366. 
Finch, Andrew, 125. 
Finder, A. P., 363. 

jr.. William. 363. 
Fink, Edward, 197. 
Finnerty, Peter, 340. 
Fire alarm telegraph, 59. 

superintendents, 344. 
Fire brick, 279, 280. 
Fire companies, 50, 144, 145, 173, 
184, 196, 358. 359, 360. 

Steam, Arba Read, No. 1, 196, 
343, 359, 3<>°. 3DI- 
Charles Eddy, No. 4, 343, 

34-). 359, 360, 361, 362. 
Edmond Stanton, No. 6, 344, 

359, 302. 
Esek Bussey, No. 8, 344, 
362. 



Fire Companies — Continued. 

Steam. Franklin W. Farnam, 
No. 5, 344. 359, 362. 
Hope, No. 7, 344, 359, 362. 
Hugh Ranken, No. 2, 196, 

343, 360, 361. 

Jason C. Osgood, No. 3, 

i<A 343, 359, 361. 
Washington Volunteers, 

196. 344, 359, 361, 362. 
Volunteer, ^Etna, No. 12, 360. 
Cataract. No. S, 359. 
Eagle, No. 10, 359. 361. 
Empire Stite, No. 5, 196, 

359, 362. 
Engine Co., No. 3, 359. 
Good Intent, No. 13, 360. 
Hibernia, No. 12, 360. 
Hope, No. 6, 359, 362. 
Hydraulic, No. 9. 359. 
Lafayette, No. 10, 184, 359, 

362. 
Neptune, No. 2, 358. 
Niagara. No. 7, 184, 359, 

361. 
Premier, 50, r44, 1S4, 358. 
Rough and Ready, No. 9, 

184, 359, 
Torrent, No. 4, 184, 359. 
Washington Volunteers, 

344, 359- 

Fire company captains, 343. 344. 
Fire department, 317, 339, 343. 
Fire engineers, 325. 341. 425. 
Firemen, 324, 325, 343, 344, 35S, 359, 

360, 361, 362. 
Fires, 1820 ; 57, 86, S7, 100. 

1841 ; 149. 

1S4S ; 162, 163. 

1S52 ; 169, 170. 

1854; 171, 1/3. 174- 

1862; 193, 194, 195, 196. 
Fire-wardens, 324, 325. 
Firth, I. J., 344. 
Fish, jr., W. II., 353. 
Fishier, George, 398. 
Fisk, Allen, 43. 

E. J., 363. 
L. C, 379- 

Fitch, Dennis M., 159, 209, 398. 

G. W., 352. 

R. H.,109. 

Theodocia C, 241. 
Fitch & Cusack, 39S. 
Fitzgerald, Anthony, 334, 335. 

Edmund, 277, 282, 326, 333, 334. 

John, 277. 

Michael, 277, 332, 333. 

P- J-, 343, 421. 

Patrick S., 337, 425. 
Fitzgerald Brothers, 276, 277, 421. 
Fitzpatrick, J., 353. 

Philip, 402. 

Thomas H, 401. 
Fitzpatrick & Draper, 389, 402. 
Flack, David H., 357, 387. 

F. M., 415- 
George A., 3S7. 
Isaac G., 356, 3S7. 
William A., 3S7. 

Flack & Brother, 387. 



Flack &Co., 387. 

Flack & Denison, 415. 

Flack & Wales, 415. 

Flag, Capture of British, 75, 76, 310. 

Flagg, Harvey S. , 3SS. 
John. 1S5, 384 
John L., 326. 342, 366. 
Melzar, 125. 

Flagg, Haverly, & Frear, 384. 

Flagg & Frear, 386. 

Flaherty, William H., 336. 

Flandrau. W. II.. 42;. 

Flannigan, Patrick, 334. 

Fleming, James, 332, 333, 335, 336, 

34°. 356- 

John, 341, 343. 

Lt., 1S4. 
Flint, Luther A., 334, 335. 
Flood, James, 353. 

Roger A., 356, 387. 
Flood & Dunham. 3S7. 
Flour Merchants, 400, 422. 
Flour-mills, 35, 44, 46, 58, 69, 265, 

274, 275, 276. 
Flynn, M., 353. 
Fogarty, Cornelius, 369, 422. 
Fogarty & York, 422. 
Fogg, T. B., 350. 
Follet, William, 158. 
Follett, B. F.. 366. 
Fonda, Abraham, 339. 

James R., 221, 331, 358. 

John J., iS. 

John M., 331. 

Peter, 330. 

Peter J. , 331. 
Ford, C. R., 160, 352. 

Daniel W., 259, 356, 369. 

H. A.. 344- 

Ira, U2, 323. 

Miss Helen, 257. 

Philip. 329, 330. 

S. V. R., 410. 
Forrest, Andrew ]., 343. 
Forrester, Helen T., 224. 

John, 210. 
Forsyth, James, 226, 244. 331, 366. 
Fortress Monroe, 193. 
Fort Sumter,'i8i. 
E-orwarding-house, old, 31. 
Foster, E.. 352. 

Mary, 46. 

Samuel, 233. 
Foundries, 277. 

Bell. 271, 272. 

Stove, 269, 270, 271. 
Foundry. Clinton, 270. 

first, 269. 
Fowler, J. W., 344. 
Fox, G. V., 192. 

John G., 335, 336. 

R., 352. 
France, La Nouvelle, 2. 
Francesca, 2. 
Francis, Charles S., 260, 371. 

F.. 353. 

John M., 260, 2S2, 338, 339.370, 

371. 372- 
W. M.. 421. 
Francis, Son, & Co., John M., 371. 
Francis & Brownell, 370. 






436 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Francis & MacArthur, 370. 
Francis & Son, John M., 260, 372. 
Frank, Stephen, 16S. 
Fratt, Casper, 261, 324, 388. 

J. H., 198. 
Fraser, William, 37, 93. 
Frear, Abraham, 59, 389. 

John, 59. 

Mary, 59. 

Peier, 59. 

William H., 71, 236, 2S2, 355 
36S, 383, 384, 3S5, 3S6. 
Frederick & Field, 262. 
Freeman, E. H., 348. 

George H., 282, 356. 

Joel F., 267. 

Jonathan W., 207, 358. 
Freemasons, 4S, 49, 53, 222. 
Freiot, A. K , 363. 

James, 363. 

James E., 363. 
French, George L., 369. 

S.imuel D., 232. 
French Mills, 75. 
Freshets, Si, 128, 129, 176, 253. 
Friday, George B., 369. 
Friends' Meeting-house, 63, 101, 159. 
Friends. Society of. 63. 
Frisby. Edward, 184. 
Frost, E. F., 335. 
Fry, George, 39S. 
Fry & Rousseau, 3S9, 398. 
Fuller. Charles L.. 338, 343. 

Edward S., 343. 

H. E., 364. 

Joseph W.. 224. 244, 257, 258, 
260, 270, 2S1, 358. 

Martha W., 224. 
Fuller, Warren, & Co., 185, 270. 
Fuller & Warren Company, 269, 270. 
Fuller & Wheeler, 250, 262. 
Fulling-mills, 69. 75, 103, no, 264. 
Fund. Deficiency, 321. 

Sinking. 321. 
Fur goods, 39S, 422. 
Furhmann. E.. 3J4. 
Furnace, Eagle, 269. 

Rensselaer, 269, 270. 

Troy Air, 269. 
Furnaces, 103, no, 266. 

Heating, 270, 271. 278. 
Furniture dealers, 399, 400, 422. 
Furriers, 39S. 422. 
Furs. 4, 11, 12, 39S, 422. 
Fursman, Edgar L. , 301, 363, 366. 

James C, 363. 
Fuses, brass, 274. 
Fusileers, Troy, 69, 75, 76. 

Gable, Nicholas J., 269. 
Gabriels. Henry, 206. 
Gager, George H., 197. 
Gaitley, John E., 2S0. 344. 
Gale, Alfred de F., 233, 234. 

Benjamin, 34. 324. 

Edward C 2S1, 355, 358, 366. 

E. Thompson. 212, 233, 234, 
242, 257, 258, 344, 354, 358, 
366. 

John, 34. 

John B., 185, 242, 247, 331, 363. 



Gale, Mary, 242. 

jr., Samuel, 86, 94, "127, 223 
240. 242. 324, 391. 

sr., Samuel, 26. 30, 32, 35, 37 
42. 53. 250, 323, 358. 

S. & W., 391. 
Gale & Thompson, 391. 
Galena, 1S6. 1S7. 
Galligan, John M.. 340. 
Gallup. W. H., 415. 
Gallup & Tucker, 415. 
Galusha, Elijah, 399. 

Henry. 386. 
Galvin. Thomas. 333, 341. 
Gambell, Orin. 363. 
Gardner. Anson 0... 417. 

-Asa. ?o. 324, 325, 329, 330. 

Daniel. 327. 

George, 43, 426. 

Jefferson, 127, 17^, 405. 

J. W.,417. 

1 W. & W. L., 417. 

Laban, 379, 422. 

Levi B., 343. 

\Va 1 1 en S.. 297. 

William. 424. 

W. L.,417. 
Gardner & Vail, 379. 
Gardner & White, 175. 
Garland, George, 363. 
Garnett, H. H., 131, i;i. 348. 
Garnsey, I. Spencer, 357, 366. 
1 rai mi, E. H.. 406. 
Garrettson, Freeborn, 6S, 69. 
Garrison, C. H., 3S8. 
Garrison & Co., C. H., 3S8. 
Garvin. A. W., 35 1. 
Gary. John, 94, 162. 

John li . 332. 

Joseph. 103, 32S, 331 

William, 139. 
Gas Company, Troy. 259. 

Troy Fuel, 259. 
Gas-light, 161, 162. 

Company, i6r. 

Troy, 162, 259. 
Gates, Horatio, 19 

James P., 217. 422. 
Gates & Smart. 422. 
Gav. Willard. 20S. 209, 281, 356. 

Willaid F.. 356. 
Gazette. Albany, 29. 
Geer, George S., ?ti 

jr.. Gilbert. 28t, 334, 335, 336, 
423- 

jr.. & re, Gilbert. 423. " 

sr., Gilbert, 204, 270. 

William C. 423. 
Gerichten. W. V., -,54, 

Germans, 297. 
Gerrittsen. W., 10. 
Gesmesseit, -. 
Gibbs, Albert B. , 357. 
J. C, 343. 

Luman H.. 357. 
Gilbert. Angelica, 90. 
jr.. Asahel, 125. 
Benjamin, 112. 
Charles W. , 149. 
Edward G., 273, 366. 
Frank, 357. 



Gilbert, Joseph L., 173. 

Liberty, 234. 339, 356. 368. 
Uri. 137, 16S, 169, 172, 173. 
176, 178, 212, 25S, 273, 326, 

33°. 366- 

William E., 273, 281, 312, 344. 
366. 

William H., 336. 337. 
Gilbert Car M'l'ct'g Co., 273 
Gilbert. Bush. & Co., 273. 
Gilbert & Bush Co., 273. 
Gilbert & Son, Uri, 273. 
Giles, Gilbert, 328. 

H. H., 41S. 

L. H.. 418. 

Sidney W., 341. 
Gillespy. Jason J., 210, 282, 330, 

331- 

John H.. 388. 
Gillespy & Co., J. J., 3S0. 
Gillespy & Haig'ht, 388 
Gillespy & Son, 388. 
Glass, Robert. 421. 
Glass, window and plate. 412, 423. 
Gleason, David, 126, 342 

Dennis, 344. 

John, 336. 

John H., 341. 

Samuel O., 339, 340, 356, 357. 
Glen, Sander L., n. 
Globe Ventilator Co.. 417. 
Gloucester. J. N., 34S. 
Gnadendorff, Hermann. 421. 
Gnadendorff & Scheffer, 421. 
Gocssling, F., 354. 
Goldsmith, Thomas, 425. 
Goodrich, C. S."J., 125. 

Honor. 67. 

Samuel, 67. 

jr., Samuel, 67. 
Goodsell. B. , 351. 
Goodspeed, Anthony, 42, 46, 323, 

324. 37S. 
Gordinier, H. C, 363. 

II. H.. 18. 

H. W., 401. 
Gordon, W. B., 311. 
Gorham, A., 14S. 
Gorman, William, 362. 
Gorton. Benjamin, 32, 35, 36, 45, 

46. Si, 93, 167, 322, 323 
Goss. E., 352. 
Goudie, R. G., 363. 
Gould, George, 14S, 177, 184. 301, 
302, 303, 305. 326, 366. 

James, 301, 308. 
Grace, John, 139. \ 

John J.. 332. 
Graham. II.. 352. 
Grain, Shipping of, 32. 
Granger, A., 174. 
Grant, E. F., 206. 

Gurdon. 109, 149, 162. 

Peter. 277. 

President, 219. 
Grant & Wales, 424. 
Gratz, F. G.. 352. 
Graves, Aaron H., 214, 387. 

L. R., 356, 400. 
Graves, Page, & Co., 387. 
Graves, Van Alstyne, & Co., 387. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



437 



Graveyards, gi, 92, 93. 
Gray, A., 67. 

'A. G.. 424. 

John, 150. 
Gray & While. 396. 
Green, Arba R., 363, 364. 

Charles F., 343. 

Edward, 341. 

Edward M., 156, 2S1, 343, 395. 

Edward P., 343. 

F. A., 364. 
Hannibal, 355, 395. 
Jeremiah D., 332, 333. 

John Crawford, 312, 340, 344, 
400. 

Moses C, 25S, 339, 343, 395. 

Mrs. Hannibal, 156. 

Robert, 221. 

The, 48. 

W. D., 336. 

W. H., 210. 
Green & Cramer, 395. 
Green & Son, H., 395. 
Green & Waterman, 399, 400. 
Green's Son & Co., H., 395. 
Greenbush, 75. 
Green Island, no, 193, 273. 
Greene, Chauncey O., 334, 335, 336, 
366. 

David M., 255, 341, 355. 
Greene & Co., Hugh, 370. 
Greenman, C. E.. 364. 

E. W., 357. 
Greenman & Witbeck, 424. 
Greens, Trojan. 69. 75, 76. 
Greenwood, George, 323. 
Gregg, R., 213, 352. 
Gregory. D. S.. 210, 148. 

G. H., 351. 
Grenadiers, Troy, 69. 
Grenell Thomas, 139. 
Griffin, B., 351 . 

E. D., 116. 

John B.. 400. 

G. M. & C. B, 71. 
Griffith. Griffith P.. 16s, 166. 

J. H„ 349- 

Lewis E., 339, 342, 363. 
Grimes, Joseph, 140. 
Grimm, Max, 422. 
Grinnell, Richard, 27. 
Grippin, William A., 276. 
Grist-mill?, 35. 44, 46, 58, 69, 79, 82, 

93. IIa 
Griswold Brotheis, 279. 
Griswold, Chester, 265, 266. 
Frank B. , 279. 
George, 132. 

John A., 1S1, 185, 1S6, 187, iSS, 
189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 199, 
200, 202, 240, 258, 265, 326, 

355. 368. 392- 

John Wool, 279, 2S1, 355, 368. 
Griswold Hall, 240. 
Griswold Opera House. 240. 
Griswold & Co., John A., 263, 266. 
Groat. W. H., 351. 
Grocers, 386-389. 422. 
Groesbeck. S., 16. 
Gross, Louis, 402. 

Morris, 403. 



Gross, W. & M., 402. 

Ground, Great Meadow, 11,12, 14, 15. 

Guard. National, 185. 
Guard, National Stale, 

Fourth Separate Co.. 232. 

Seventh Separate Co., 233. 

Sixth Separate t o., 233, 246,247. 

Twelfth Separate Co., 232, 246, 
247- 

Twentieth Separate Co.. 233. 

Twenty-first Separate Co., 233. 
246, 247. 
Guard, Old, 233, 247. 
Guards, Columbian, 180, 1S4. 

Troy Jackson, 180, 1S4. 

Troy Republican, 1S0. 

Wool, 180, 184. 
Gun factory, 75, no. 
Gunnison, Albert C, 172, 357. 
Gunnison, Stewart, & Co., 414. 
Gunnison, William, 4^,414. 

William S., 414. 
Gunnison & Marvin. 273. 413, 414. 
Gunnison & Son, W., 414. 
Gunnison & Stewart, 414. 
Gurley. Clarissa A., 260. 

Ephraim, K>2. 269. 

Lewis E., 208. 217, 252, 256, 260, 
273, 281, 283, 2S8, 297, 341, 
356, 365. 368. 

William, 20S, 212, 260, 263, 274, 
332, 339- 356, 357, 366. 

W. & L. E., 185. 274. 403. 
Gurley Memorial Hall, 261, 365, 420. 
Guy. Thomas J.. 341, 342. 
Guynne, W., 350. 

Haddock, T. C, 183. 
Hadley, A. K., 158. 366. 
Hagadom. David, 197. 

F. L., 339. 

William, 370. 
Hagan, Frank C, 226. 

William E., 226, 2S1, 2S3, 2S9, 
312. 344. 39 2 - 
Hagan & Co., W. E., 392. 
Hagen, Joseph J., 198, 203. 

William, 158, 330,338,366. 
Hager, Col., 106. 
Haight, B. I., 155. 
Haight, Gillespy, & Co., 149, 388. 
Haight, I. N., 331, 332, 333. 

Leonard, 331. 

Ransom S. , 194. 

William D., 115, 329, 388. 

William S., 3SS. 
Haight & Co., W. D., 388. 
Haight & Gillespy, 3SS. 
Hair, John C, 340. 
Hakes, Battershall, & Weed, 386. 
Hakes, Jeremiah S., 172, 357, 3S6. 

W. H., 196. 
Hakes & Battershall, 386. 
Half Moon, 2, 4, 2S, 44. 
Hale, Moses, 82, 366, 403. 
Hall, Aaron, 119, 168, 330, 351, 352, 

416. 
Hall, Benjamin H ., 10. 224, 256, 2S1, 
283, 285, 297, 300, 307, 309, 
310, 338, 339, 363, 366. 

B. M„ 352. 



Hall Building. 52, 211. 224, 392. 

Hall, Daniel. 71. 72. 310. 

Hall. Gurley Memorial, 260, 261, 

420. 
Hall, Harmonv, 3S9. 
Hall. Hector, 348. 

J-. 352. 
Hall. Lutzelberger, 246. 
Hall. Masonic. 222. 223. 224. 
Hall, Mechanics', 41. 45, 163, 265. 
Hall. Mrs. S. W., 416. 
Hall, Music, 227, 283, 289, 297, 300. 
Hall. Richard F., 3311. 343, 344. 
Hall. St. John's, 49, 106. 
Hall, St. Mary's, 240. 
Hall. Sinsheimer, 217. 
Hall, Union, 85. 
Hall, Washington, 206. 
Hall, W. L., 412. 
Haller, J. P., 352. 
Halley, Ebenezer, 348. 

Eben, 348. 
Halligan, William H., 336, 337, 424, 

425. 
Halligan & Van Decar, 424. 
Hals, Anna, 2S3. 
Halsted, Alex G, 14S, 331. 
Halstead, S. J. & A. C, 163. 
Hamblin, Myron, 331, 396. 

Myron C, 413. 

Myron P., 331, 335. 
Hamilton, R. G., 351. 
Hamlin, A. P., 412. 

T. S., 349. 
Hamlin, Miller, & Co., 412. 
Hamline, L. L., 161. 
Hampton Roads, 192. 
Hanaman, Charles E., 252, 355, 356, 

3&5, 368. 
Hancox, C. D., 222. 
Handel & Hayden Society, 259. 
Handy, Isaac F., 343. 
Hanks. Alpheus, 269. 

Julius, 115, 116, 271, 273. 

Oscar, 130. 273. 

Truman, 269. 
Hanks, Gurley, & Co., 269. 
Hanley, Daniel, 416. 
Hanlon. Dennis, 336. 

William, 334. 
Hanna, W. T. C. 349. 
Hannan, Cornelius, 342, 363. 

Edward, 333, 334, 340. 
Hansom, L. O., 273. 
Harder, W. A., 423. 
Harding, J. B., 350. 
Hardware merchants, 393-396, 400. 
Hardy, G. R., 424. 

W. D..424. 
Hardy & Van Arnam, 424. 
Hari-on, Francis, 294, 350. 
Harmonic Association, 259. 
Harmony Hall, 389. 
Harness, dealers in. 395, 396.422. 
Harper, D. C, 393. 
Harpham, Joshua. 112. 
Harrigan, John J., 341.' 
Harrington, jr.. A. W. , 259. 283, 

423- 
H. F., 158, 159. 
Harris, E. S., 400. 



43§ 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Harris, J. R., 366. 
Harris & Dutcher, 400. 
Harrison, George, 217, 276, 341. 

Henry, 1S3, 198. 
Harrison. Kellogg, & Co., 276. 
Harrison & Kellogg, 276. 
Harrity, James, 333. 

sr., John. 331. 
Hart, Betsey A.. 241, 252, 255. 257. 

Isaac B. . 149, 394. 

Jacob, 393. 394. 

J. S.. 351, 352. 

"Marv E., 252. 255. 

jr.. Philip, 94. 109, 327. 

Richaid P.. 54, 70, Sg. 90, 94. 
95. 109, 132, 140, 161, 206, 
326, 355- 

W. C, 356. 

William H.. 255. 
Hart. Lesley, & Warren, 394. 
Hart & Card. 394. 
Hart & Pitcher, 394. 
Hart & Nazro. 393. 
Hartigan, J. J., 369. 

Maurice, 334, 335. 
Hartnett, W. A., 334, 341. 
Hartshorn, E. A., 196. 336. 

W. S., 197. 
Hartt, Charles P., 245, 354, 355. 

356. 397- 
Hartwell, C. E., 412. 

F. C, 400. 

George C, 336, 337. 
Harvey, Apollos, 129, 329, 330. 

D. H., 400. 
H. B.. 343. 

Harvey & Brother. R.. 400. 
Harvey it Eddy. 400. 
Harvie. J. B.. 364. 
Hasbrouck. R. M., 33S. 
Hasham, S. , 104. 
Haskell, R. C, 365. 
Haskin.W. P.. 206. 
Hassett, John J., 342. 
Hastings. G. L.. 413. 

John, 158, 373. 

foseph, 328. 

Mr., 86. 

\V. H..414. 
Haswell. James, 293. 

Susie, 293. 
Hatch, Benjamin, jr., 330, 331. 
Hatters, 398,423. 
Haverly. Sylvanus, 3S4, 3S6. 
Haverly & Frear. 384. 
Havernians. Peter. 156, 15S, 172, 
199, 204, 205, 210, 214, 215, 262, 
2S2, 290, 292, 295, 290, 353. 
Hawley Brothers, 372. 
Hawley, C. E., 415. 

C. H., 415. 

C. R., 352. 

E. P., 372. 
Julius S., 209, 356. 
Lemuel, 61, 62, 327. 
Ralph, 210, 255. 

W. S.. 372. 
Hawley & Parmenter, 372. 
Hay, Gordon, 333. 
Hayner, Calvin, 357. 

Henry Z., 150, 158, 338. 



Hayner, Irving, 334, 341, 363, 366, 

36S, 424. 
Haynes, L. M. S.. 241, 290, 292, 

349- 
Healey, Daniel A., 341. 
Health, Board of, 343. 
Heartt. Albert P., S2, 329. 
Emily Fitch, 241. 
Jonas C, 45, 209, 258, 326, 32S, 

339- 

Jonas S., 279, 281. 

Philip, 31, 35. 37. 45. S2, 99. 

Philip T. , 207. 

P. & H., 50. 

William, 139. 
Heath. C. A. S., 352. 
Hedding. Elijah, 11S, 128, 161. 
Heimstreet, Charles, 392. 

T. B„ 364. 3&6- 
Heimstreet & Co., Chas., 392. 
Henderson, James A., 271. 

Joseph C, 27r. 

William H., 257. 
Henderson & Co., J. C, 271. 
Hendricksen. R., 10. 
Hendy, Thomas D., 341, 425. 
Henry, Augustus, 2S0. 

H. Ashton, 350. 

Horace H., 280. 

Jacob, 2S0. 

William, 176, 177. 
Herald, Federal, 20, 27, 29. 
Herbert, John, 336. 
Herfkins, H., 353. 
Herman, Max. 414. 
Herrick, C. B.. 364. 

Stephen, 324, 325. 
Herring, Fricasseed. 171. 
Hervey, A. B., 353. 
llevcn. Jacob, 14. 
Hewes, S., 351, 352. 
Heywood, Mary, 90. 
Hickev. R. W., 340. 

W. F.. 363. 
Hickok, H. G., 200. 

lames, 56. 
Hicks, G. W., 208. 

I. A., 125, 350. 

M. W., 175. 
Iligbie, B., 75. 
llilke. Henry, 1S0. 

W. H.. 344- 
Hill, B M.. 293, 349. 

Ebenezer, 370. 

Gov. David B., 312. 

James F., 200. 

Rev. Dr., 294. 
Hillhouse, Thomas. 61. 
Hillman, Joseph. 2S1, 356. 

Isaac, 160, 172. 

Thomas, 324. 
Hinds, Herbert C, 349. 
Hines, George II., 344. 
Hinsdale. R. G., 34S. 
Hiscox, H. O., 204. 349. 
Hislop, Thomas T., 333. 
Historical Day, 2S3. 
Hitchcock, Charles II., 341, 343. 

George A., 1S0, 1S3, 343. 

lames H., 271. 
Hitchins, John, 208. 



Hoag, J. E., 363 
1 lobar!, John II.. 113, 114. 
Hobbs, Grant, & Co.. 401, 416 
Hoeck. Steene. 14. 22. 
Hogan, John T.. 337. 

Stephen M.. 334, 335. 
Holbrook, C. A., 350. 

George A., 351. 
Holcomb, G. W". 421. 

N. B., 200. 
Holcomb & Co., G. W.,421. 
Holcomb & Dater. 421. 
Holdane & Co., 19!. 
Holdridge, A. H., 406. 
Holdridge & Corliss, 406. 
Holland. 2, 4, 7. 
Holland, D T., 425. 

T.. 402. 
Holland & Thomson, 402. 
Holland & Thomson Mfct. Co. 402 
Holley, A. L., 255, 265, 266 

Orville L.. 124. 366. 
Hollister, jr.. William H., 252, 259, 

283, 341, 363, 368. 
Holmes, Charles A., 366, 379. 

Henry. 414. 

J. L ', 176, 177, 17S. 

William, 340, 341, 389. 
Holmes & Ide. 273, 414. 
Holt. Robert, 34!. 
Holy Child, Sisters of Order of the, 

224. 
Home. Episcopal Church. 22S. 

of the Aged Poor, 226. 

Presbyterian Church. 221. 
Hook and ladder companies: 

Hook and Ladder Co., No. 1, 
360. 

Trojan, No. 3, 1S4, 344, 360, 362. 

Union, No. 2, 360. 
Hook, Ferry, 23. 
Hooker. H., 350. 

J. II.. 165, 166. 
Hooper, Charles, 370. 
Hooper & Cook, 370. 
Hopkins, C. F., 349. 

E., 34S. 3"6- 

William, 156, 335, 336, 341,425. 
Horan, J. J., 424. 
Homer. James. 264. 
Horse-shoe machines. 267, 268. 
Horse shoes, 264. 267, 268. 
Horlon, George W., 221. 
Hose companies : 

Beman Park, 362. 

Eagle, No. 10, 359. 

Franklin, No. 1. 1S4, 359, 360, 
361. 

General Wool, 360. 

Hall. ",60. 

J. C. Taylor. 184, 360, 361. 362. 

Phoenix, 360. 

Rough and Ready, No. 4, 35g, 
361, 362. 

Union, 360. 
Hosford, James L.. 397. 

Joseph. 397. 
Hosiery, 2S0, 423. 
Hosiery Co., Brookside, 280. 
Hospital, Troy, 210, 212, 216. 
Hotchkin, Albert L., 333, 339. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



439 



Hotel, American, 423. 

Babcock's City, 37, 38, 238. 

Barney's, 86. 

Halstead's, 45. 

International, 246. 

Northern. 423. 

Thurston's, 35. 

Union. 49. 
Hotels, 35, 37, 3S, 45, 49, 59, 86, 149. 
222. 23S. 246, 423. (See, also, 
Coffeehouses Inns, and Taverns. I 
Houghton & Buel, 72. 
House. Abel. 33. 

American, 49, 59, 423. 

E. O , 412. 

Elijah S., 356. 

Everett, 423. 

Franklin, 149. 

Hiram, 406. 

John, 70. 

John C, 365. 

J. M., 412. 

Mansion, 222, 423. 

Martha Memorial. 224. 

Nelson, 423. 

Rensselaer, 73, 23S. 

Revere, 423. 

St. Paul's Parish, 224. 

Tremont, 423. 

Troy, 49. 222. 423. 

of Good Shepherd, 253. 

of Industry, 104. 243. 

of Mercy, 22S. 

S. A.. 412. 

Union, 423. 

Van der Heyden. 363. 

York. ;,-»). 
House's Sons. S. A., 412. 
House & Sons, S. A., 412. 
Houses, 30, 54. 55, 64, 65, 66. 74, 

100, 120. 
Howard, Daniel D., 121, 423. 

Leland, 94. 204, 349. 

Mrs. George C, 162, 239. 

William, 149. 
Howard Trust & Banking Co., 149. 
Howe, H. G., 397. 

James H., 357. 

John K., 357. 
Howe & Smyth, 397. 
Howes, William [., 357. 
Howland, Gardner, 275. 

J. T.. 274. 

Pel eg. 274. 

Thomas, 274. 
Hoyle. Mr., 81. 

Philip, 16S. 
Hoyt, S. F , 421. 
Hubbard, Reuben, 155. 

Rev., 60. 

Ruggles, 244, 323, 35S. 
Hubbell, Charles B., 335. 

C. L., 185. 

F. B., 339- 

M. H., 335, 343. 
Huberdault, G.. 353. 
Huddleslon, George V.. 73, 136 
Hudson, Daniel. 5S. S2, 160, 279. 
Henry. 2. 4. 
Samuel, 343. 
Hudson River, 2, 7,8, 12, ig, 26, 319. 



Hughes, Edward, 335. 

George, 417. 

John, 156. 172, 205. 

John H., 197. 

W. H., 351. 
Hughes & Simpson, 417. 
Hulburd, D. P., 352. 

M.. 352. 
Hull. H. D.. 401. 
Humphrey, D. H , 356. 357. 
Hunt. Alsop, 34, 46. 

Enoch, 160. 

Freeman, 136, 137. 

]onaihan, 27, 30. 34, 46. 

J. & A.. 34. 35- 4°, 378- 

fudge H. P., 305. 

Leigh R., 368. 

Martin, 333, 334. 

Robert W., 366. 

Stephen P.. 3S9. 
Hunter, Bosworth. & Co., 387. 
Hunter, Graves, & Co., 3S7. 
Hunter, John, 3S7. 
Hunter, Kellogg, & Co.. 3S7. 
Hunter & Bosworth. 387. 
Hunter & Graves. 3S7. 
Hunter & Kellogg. 3S7. 
Huntington, Elizabeth P., 90. 

John J., 336. 

Samuel. 305. 

Samuel G.. 330. 
Hurcomb, W. F.. 27S. 
Hurstfield, Charles, 276. 
Hutchinson. Archibald, 332. 

J. C . 364. 
Hutton. Christopher, 32, 3S, 42. 53, 
56, 57, 323, 410. 

Timothy, 32, 39. 92, 323, 460. 
Hyde, Joseph. 197. 
Hydorn, E. W., 340. 
Hydrants. 416. 

Hydraulic Canal, 274, 275, 2S0. 
Hynes, P. J., 368. 

Ida. Mount, 74, 99, 102, 122, 124, 

142. 
Ide, Coit, & Co., 165. 
Ide, Alba M., 410. 

George P., 209. 237, 282, 356, 

357. 4io. 

James M., 341, 410. 

John C, 414. 

John S., 14S. 

Samuel N., 406. 410. 
Ide Brothers & Bruce, 410. 
Ide Brothers & Ford, 410. 
Ide, Bruce. & Co., G. P., 410. 
Ide & Co., George P., 27, 272, 409, 

410, 411. 
Ide & Ford, 410. 
Her, William F., 341. 
India Rubber Co., Troy, 13S. 
Indian Castles, 13. 73. 
Indians, Mohawk, 4, 7. 

Mohegan, 7. 
Industries, Troy, 264. 
Infirmary. Marshall. 236, 237, 36S. 
I ngal Is, Charles R., 300,301, 363,366. 

Hiram B. , 207. 

Sarah W., 90. 
Ingersoll, E., 350. 



Ingraham, Russell, 331, 332. 
Ingram. Henry, 208, 209, 356. 

James H., 343. 

O. S.. 344- 

William, 331. 
Ingram & Co., Henry, 20S. 
Inn, Ashley's, 26, 27, 29, 32, 38, 40, 

49. 238. 

Farmers'. 23, 26. 27. 

Holly Tree, 256. 

Indian Queen, 73. 

Lasell's. 104. 

Pierce's, 35. 49, 51, 53. 369. 

Piatt's. 38. 

Seymour's, 92. 

Titus'. 53, 71, 72, 23S. 
Inns. (See also Coffee houses, Ho- 
tels, and Taverns.) 
Institute, Farmers', 2Ig, 229. 

Mary Warren, 43, 155. 

Rensselaer, 43, 108. 204,300. 

Rensselaer Polytechnic, 43, 106, 
107, 108, ig6, 204, 253, 254, 
255, 365, 366. 

Troy Episcopal, 146. 

Warren Free, 43, 155. 
Instruments. Engineering, 274. 

Surveyors', 273, 274. 
Insurance agencies, 423. 
Insurance Co., Mechanics' Mutual 
138. 

Rensselaer & Saratoga, S7, 100, 
'37. 13S- 

Troy. 13s. 
Invincibles, Troy. 70, 75, 76. 
In wood. George, 369. 
Iron, 264, 265, 266, 269. 276, 395. 

architectural, 27S. 

dealers in, 395. 
Iron Works, Albany, igi, ig3. 265, 
266. 

Rensselaer, igi. ig3, 265, 266. 
Irvin, William, 215, 348. 366. 
Irving, James, 424. 

J. H., 393. 
Irwin. Patrick, ng. 
Isenbergh. William, 363. 
Isengart. C 421. 
Island, Beercn, 8, 12. 

Breaker, 266. 

Castle, 4. 

Haver, 8, iS, 19. 

Mannatans. 6, 7. 

Smack, 8. 

Tibbits, 133, 136. 

Van Schaick, iS. 

Whale, 10. 
Ives, C. A.. 424. 

H. L., 364. 

Jackson, F. W., 422. 

Peter, 131. 

William H., 331. 422. 
Jacobs, Jacob, 242, 331. 

J. A.. 415. 
Jacobson, F., 423. 
Jail, 31, 36, 38, 39, 40, 252. 
Jamestown. 2. 
Janes, Elijah. 56. 

E. S., 128. 

Lester, 3SI. 



440 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Jansen, H., 184. 
[efferson, Joseph, 239. 

Martha. 95. 
Jellies, T. D., 197. 
Jennings, O. B., 267. 

Thomas J., 339. 
Jennyss, R. C, 342, 363. 
Jewelers, 71, 39S. '25. 
Jillson, Mrs., 67. 
Johnson, A., 352. 

C. W., 423- 

D. J., 417. 

Elias, 204, 270, 330. 

Henry, 120. 

Herrick, 348. 

L. S., 349- 

Moses. 159. 

Noble S., 47. 
Johnson, Cox, & Fuller, 270. 
Johnson, Geer, & Co., 270. 
"Johnson & Cox, 270. 
Johnson & Geer, 270. 
Jolls, Egbert, 197. 
Jones Bell Foundry Co., 232, 272. 
Jones, Captain, 249. 

Chapin. 421. 

Daniel, 309. 

D. H., 370. 

jr., Ebenezer, 388. 

sr. , Ebenezer, 46, 47, 70, 323, 
324. 388. 

Eber, 271, 272. 

Edward P., 197, 210. 

George, 174. 

Lewis, 120. 

Marcus, 272. 

Octavous, 272, 341. 
Jones, Skelding, & Jones, 388. 
Jones & Co., 1S5, 272. 
Jones & Co., P.. 395. 
Jones & Hitchcock, 173, 271. 
Jordan, James, 331. 
[oslin, John J., 356. 
Judah, "H. R.; 350. 
Jud^on, A. E., 422. 

David, 422. 

E. L., 312. 
H. B., 422. 

Juet, Robert, 4. 
Justices, 342. 
Jutkins. A. J., 352. 

Kane, N. T., 421. 

Robert, 335. 
Kathryn, Sister, 224. 
Kavanaugh, Thomas L., 343. 
Keating. Michael, 337. 

Thomas, 344. 
Keeling, Adam. 46, 47, 323, 324. 
Keenan, Michael, 364. 
Keene, Mr., 238. 
Kehn, Elias, 356. 
Keith. Isaac, 341. 
Kellogg, Dav O., 165, 326, 366. 

Giles B., 210, 255, 338, 370. 

James H., 276, 2S2, 290. 

John B.. 331. 357- 

John Paine, 3S7. 

Josiah, 31, 139. 

"Justin, 282, 283. 300,363,366. 

Orin, 210. 



Kellogg, Warren, 161. 
Kellogg, Strong, & Cook, 370. 
Kellogg & Cook, 370. 
Kelley, James, 417. 
Kelly, B.. 341, 422. 
Edward, 333, 334. 
John, 1S0, 1S6. 
John E., 363. 
John P., 363. 
Madam. 73. 
Kelly & Knox. 423. 
Kelly & Morey, 422. 
Kelsey. William, 329. 
Kemble, John C, 370. 
Kemble & Hooper, 370. ' 
Kemp, Martha E.. 243. 
Rebecca, 243. 

William. 1S4, 19S, 203,209,221, 
243, 259, 260, 262, 267, 278, 
281, 326. 333, 357, 365, 366. 
368, 416. 
Kemp & Co., W., 416. 
Kendrick, Samuel, 330. 
Kcnna, John J., 343. 424, 425. 
Kennedy, Duncan. 34S. 
J. J., 342, 363. 
John L„ 335. 
Mi' liael, 424. 
William, 276. 
William S., 423. 
Kennedy & Murphy, 276. 421. 
Kenney, M., 334, 335, 336, 337. 
Kenny, Lawrence, 364. 
Kenyon, R. W., 1S3. 186. 
Kerr, John, 207, 331, 355, 356, 400. 
Kerr & Co., J., 400. 
Ketchum. Joel, 67. 
Keveny. J., 353- 

Kill, Piscawen, 15. 17. 20. 21, 51. 56. 
65, 167. 235. 264, 2?4- 
Poesten, 7, 11, 14, 16. 17, 20, 21. 
22. 31, 34, 42, 58. 65. 74. 103. 
122, 123, 264, 265. 274. 275. 
284. 
Wynants. 14. 16, 31, 69, 122, 
264, 265. 267. 274. 
Kimball, C. P , 400. 
H. D., 351. 

James E., 213. 358, 400. 
Kimball & Son, J. E.. 400. 
Kimberly, George H., 272. 
Hazard, 70, 323, 324. 
John, 324. 
John R.. 329. 
KincaiJ, W. H., 424. 

jr.. W. H., 424. 
Kindler. Joseph. 352. 
King. Captain. 75. 
Cornelia A., S3. 
Edwin A., 283, 2S5, 339, 363. 
Eliphalet, 68. 
Harvey J., 272, 282, 297, 338, 

363, 366. 
Henry A., 363. 
J. M , 352. 
Mvron, 97. 
W. T.. 402. 
Kinloch, O. F., 364. 
Kinney, S. W„ 197. 
Kirchner, Leo, 421. 
Kirk, E. N., 125, 130. 



Kirkbride. S., 21S. 
Kirkpatrick, Alexander, 370. 
Kirkpatrick & Linn, 370. 
Kirsop, jr., George, 357. 369. 
Kisselburgh, William E., 197, 333, 

339. 340, 371. 372. 
Klein. John, 82, 338. 
Klock, jr., Daniel, 160, 213, 358, 

368, 399. 
Klock, jr. & Co., D., 399. 
Knapp, I., 31. 
Knibbs. James. 344, 361. 
Knickerbocker, Col., S5. 

John, 132. 
Knight, Fitz-Henry, 185, 392. 

Joseph, 36S, 397. 

Joseph. H., 422. 

Messrs., 35. 

Thomas, 329. 

William, 276. 
Knight, Harrison, & Paine, 185 

27*6. 
Knight & Harrison, 276. 
Knitting Co., Wayside, 2S0. 
Knit goods, 390, 423. 
Knitting machinery, 278. 
Knowlson, Andiew M., 392, 421. 

James S , 203, 366, 400. 

John, 197, 330, 417. 
Knowlson & Co., J. S., 400. 
Knowlson & Morgan, 400. 
Knowlson & Organ, 400. 
Knowlson & Kelley. 417. 
Knox, John H., 259, 2S1, 2S3, 423. 
Knox & Mead. 423. 
Knox & Moraan, 381. 
Kolbe, August, 1S4. 
Koon. Henry. 91. 178. 
Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 19. 
Koyemans. P.. 11. 
Kraus, Robert, 363. 
Kreiss, Henry, 2S2. 
Krum. jr., F.. 41;. 
Kurth, W. H., 352. 

Labbadie, J., n. 
LabO!atory, Winslow, 253. 
La Fayette, M. de, 49, 52, 104, 105, 
106. 

George W., 106. 
Lafuira. J.. 184. 
Laithe, W. B., 200. 
Lake. Brunswick, 235. 

George, 28. 

Vanderheyden, 235. 
Lambert, John, 66. 
Lambertson, C 11. 
Lamport, John, 32S. 

John T., 338. 
Lamps, street, 119. 
Lancaster. Joseph, 29S. 
Land. Lubberde, 14, 15. 
Landon. G. & H., 12S. 

Henrv. 329. 

John'M., 185, 334, 33S, 342, 363, 
366. 
Landrigan. John, 335. 
Landslides, 139, 140, 142. 143, 140- 

176. 
Langdon, B., 84. 

John C, 204. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



441 



Langdon & Co., John C, 84, 104, 

no. 
Lane, Aaron, 36, 52, 323, 393. 

jr, Derick, 259. 2S1, 338, 355, 

363. 
sr., Derick, 36, 52, 54, 58, 70, 
94, 104, 105, 106, 244, 323. 
324, 325, 328, 393. 
George T. , 358. 
Henry R., 281. 
Jacob L., 95. 148, 311. 355- 
J. Lansing, 312, 334, 343. 344 
Matthew, 127. 
Mrs. Jacob L., 22S. 
Lane, A. & D., 36, 52 393. 
Lane's Row, 224. 392, 393, 396. 
Laning, Warren L., 1S5. 
Lansing, Abraham L., 91. 
Abraham J., 18, 376. 
Cornelius. 40. 
James, 363. 
Lansingburgh, 10. rS, 22, 24, 26, 27. 
28, 31,32, 36, 3S, 56, 57, 61, 63, 
64, 65, 66, 70, 135, 136, 376, 

377- 

Town of, 32. 
Lantrow, John, 73. 
Lape, F. A., 388. 
Larkin, J. B.. 341. 
Lasell, Elias, 71, 72, 73. 139. 

Samuel H., 2S2, 381. 
Latham. W. H., 344. 
Latitude of Troy, 65. 
Laundries. 277, 27S, 417. 424. 
Laundry machinery, 278. 279. 
Laundrymen, 277, 27S, 417, 424. 
Lawler, Edward, 119. 
Lawton. William H , 1S0, [99. 
Leake, Frederick, 355, 356. 
Leather, 37S. 
Ledyard, W. S.. 396. 
Ledyard & Weed, 39(1. 
Lefevre, C. F., 353. 
Lee, A. A., 338. 

Charles, 3S7. 

Elias, 46, 384. 

Nathaniel, 151. 

William, 381. 

W. R.,416. 
Lee & Co., William, 381. 
Leeds, F. A., 395. 
Leggett, John, 417. 

Joseph A., 417. 
Leggett & Son, J., 417. 
Lemai, E., 216. 
Lemon, Charles, 3S9. 

G. E., 197. 
Lennon, M. M., 424. 
Lent, George, 324. 325. 

William A., 402. 
Lent & Co., W. A., 402. 
Leonard, J., 331. 

J- F.,353. 
Lesley, George, 393. 
Leslie, H. T. , 350. 
Levings, Noah, 351. 
Levy, J., 354. 
Levy, Tax, 314, 321, 322. 
Lewis, F. R., 415. 

R. W., 344. 

Z. N.,351. 

56 



Library, Troy, 53, 256. 

Troy V. M. Association, 256, 

257- 
Light, Electric, 255. 

Gas, i6r, 162, 259. 
Lincoln, Abraham. 1S0, 1S1, 1S7. 
iSS. 

Miss J. P., 173. 

J. C.,351. 
Link. C. W., 1-3. 279. 
Link & Mahonv. 279. 
Lipowsky, II. < '., 353. 
Livingston, R. M.. 244. 
Lloyd, James H., 233, 312, 343,424. 
Lockwood, Charles D., 363. 

Charles N.. 35?. 

Hanford N., 127, 212, 330, 331, 
366. 

Henry C 209, 282, 355. 

Thomas W., 207, 2S1, 356. 

William, 143. 
Lodges. Masonic, 4S, 49, 53, 222. 
Loeble, William, 401. 
Loewenstein, Louis, 363. 
Lomax, Joseph D., 155, 237. 364. 

368. 
Long. Jeremiah K., 363. 

W. R., 349 
Longitude of Troy, <>f. 
Looby, M., 334 
Loockmans, Govert, 10. 
Looking-glasses, 104 
Loomis. B. B.. 352, 383. 

Roxanna A., 257. 

W. W.. 365. 
Lord, Russell, 324. 
Loth. C. E., 421. 
Loth & Baudoin, 42r. 
Lothridge. R. A., 305. 
Lott, Charles F.. 425. 
Loudon. John. 46, Si, 92, 323, 324, 

325. 327. 
Lo.insberry, E., 350. 
Lovejoy, Isaac, 129, 32S. 
Lovell, L. O., 349. 
Lovenstein. H., 354. 
Lowrie, M. B. , 349. 
Loyzance, Joseph, 179, 353. 
Luckey, S., 351. 
Lucy, Daniel, 331. 
Ludden, P. A., 353. 

W. J., 342, 363. 
Ludlow. Henry G., 2S2, 290, 365, 
366, 36S, 417. 

jr., P., 349. 
Ludlow Valve Mfc'tg Co., 416, 417. 
Lundy. James, 277. 
Lundy. Dunn, & Co., 277. 
Lundy & Ingram. 277. 
Lundy it Kennedy, 277. 
Luther, F. S., 350. 
Lutz, J. G., 352. 
Luylekkerland. 14. 
Lyceum of Nat. Hist., 82, 90, 101. 
Lyman, Lewis, Sg, 94, 95. 

Micah |., 59. 

Miss [.. 2S3. 
Lynch, B., 34S. 
Lynd. Cyrus, 423. 
Lynson, Dr., 60. 
Lyon. A. D., 363. 



Lyon, Oliver, 69, 75,370. 

William II.. 197. 
Lyons, E. L.. 364. 
Lytle, D., 352. 

Maas. T.. 237. 354. 

Mac Arthur, Arthur, 262. 373. 

Charles L., 221, 222, 262, 282, 
331, 370. 373. 

Mrs. C. L.. 364. 
MacArthur & Sun, Charles L., 262, 

373- 
Macbeth, Henry, 350. 
Macdonald. John A., 423. 

William, 366. 

William |., 343. 
Macdonald & Co., 423. 
Macdonough, Thomas, 76. 
Macfarlane, Henry, 335. 
MacGregor, Beekman. 363. 

Donald, 349. 
Machinery. 27*, 417. 

Knitting. 27S. 

Laundry, 27S, 271). 
Machinists. 27S. 417. 
Mackar, William, 203. 
Mackay. John. 344. 

William, 344. 
Mackerel Soup, 171. 
Mackcv, J. W., 128. 

W. G„ 343- 
Mackie. 1". W., 358. 
Macv. R. B., 14s. 
Madden. I luhert, 344. 

William, 332. 339. 343. 
Magee, Daniel, 364. 

David. 336. 
Magill. D. F.. 344, 357.421. 

John, 340. 425. 

Thomas H., 424. 

Zeph. F., 336, 369. 424. 
Magill & Fleming, 424. 
Magistrates. Police, 342. 
Magoon, E. L., 204. 
Maguire. John, 183, 333. 
Maker, James, 333. 
Mahoney, Charles. 417. 

Jeremiah, 333. 340. 

jr. , John, 418. 
Mahonv,' Michael, 278, 279. 
Main. j. T., 210. 
Mairs, John, 209. 
Mallary, Joel, 207, 356. 
Mallary ci Ingalls, 207. 416. 
Malleable Iron Company. Troy. 276 
Mallett, Orila, 364. 
Mallory. Henry, 94, 327. 

James. 90, 324, 325, 33S. 
Maloney, James, 333. 

Louis'J., 337. 425- 

Michael, 335, 336. 337. 
Maltbie, E. D., 349. 
Maltbv. F. A., 416. 

J. B. S., 416. 
Man, Paradise of a lazy, 14. 
Mandeville, Y., 26. 
Mann. David, 357. 

Elias P.,233. 335,336, 340, 344. 
366. 

Francis N., 125, 173, 179, 326, 
330. 



442 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Mann, jr., Francis N., 233, 2S1, 297, 
334, 355, 357, 358. 363, 366. 

Herberl R., 271. 

James, 324. 325. 

N. N., 353- 

T., 149. 

William H., 399. 
Mannahata, 4. 
Mannerchor, 259, 283, 297. 
Manning, John A.. 27;. 355. 

Michael R., 334, 335. 

William H.. 275. 
Manning, Peckham, t \: Howland. 

275- 
Manning & Howland, 275. 
Manning & Paine. 275. 
Manning & Peckham, 275. 
Manny, J. L., 424. 
Manny & Hardy, 424. 
Mansion House, 35, 73, 121. 123, 

136, 149, 423. 
Mansion, Van der Hevden, 43, 108. 

155- 
Mantels, Marblcized, 277. 
Manufactories. 264. 
Manuariing, Anna H., 128. 
Map, Mercator's, 3. 

of Nieuw Nederlandt, 9, 10. 

of Rensselaerswick. 13. 

of Troy, 62, 375. 

of Van der Heyden farm, 17. 

<>f Vanderheyden, 25. 
Marble. Melville S., 343. 
Marcy. William L., 310, 311, 327. 
Marechal F., 353. 
Market. Fulton, 144, 145. 239. 

Center, 144. 

North, 144. 15S, 239. 

South, 144. 

Washington, 239. 
Markets, 63, 74. t43, 144, 145, 320. 
Marks, Emanuel, 2S2, 425. 
Markstone, H. D.. 334. 
Marlow, T. H.. 341. 
Marr, John, 333, 334. 
Marryat. Frederick, 142. 
Marsh, fames P., 364. 

P. J., 402. 
.Marshall. Benjamin, 14S, 149, 236. 

James, 243, 349. 

John A., 413. 

"L., 352. 
Marshall & Briggs, 412, 413. 
Martin, J. J., 364. 

J- W.,349. 

W. D., 351. 
Martindale, S., 351. 
Marvin, jr., Daniel, 127. 

I. V., 414. 

Selden E., 266, 267. 
Mason. W. P., 364. 

W. T.,354. 
Mason's Arms, 59. 
Masons' Lodges, Free, 4S, 49, 53, 

222. 
Masten, H. V. W., 342. 
Masters, Josiah, 3S, 309 
Mather. C. E., 305. 

F. O., 257. 

J. C„ 209, 330, 331. 
Matteson, L. J., 349. 



Matthews, John, 348. 
Mattocks, j. E., 364. 
Maullin. Joseph, 407. 
Maullin, Bigelow, & Co., 407. 
Maullin & Bigelow. 407. 
Maullin & Cluett, 407. 
Maxcy, Carroll L., 204. 

Eaton W., 181, 243, 350. 
Maxwell, Thomas, 200. 

Thomas F. , 363, 369. 
Mayell, Henry, 399. 
Mayer, G., 352. 
Mayors, S5, 326. 
Mays, A. S., 290, 34S. 
McAdam, H. P., 349. 
McAlister, Mrs., 67. 
McAuliff, T., 185. 
McCaffrey. John, 183. 
McCall. Alexander, 370. 
McCarthy, Charles, 356. 

Peter, 280, 417. 
McChesnev, Calvin S. , 163. 

D. R. , 402. 

E., 351. 

H. & L., 3S9. 

James, 364. 

John, 32. 

Leonard, 330, 331. 

Obed, 423. 

H. W.. 423. 
McClellan, C. H., 27^. 41;. 

Mrs. R. H., 257. 

Robert H., 363. 

Samuel P., 363. 
McClellan, Miller, & Co., 415 
McClellan & Co., R.. 27, 30. 
McCltntock. John, 205. 
McCloskey, John, 167, t72, 176, 

17S, 179, 206. 
McConihe, Alonzo, 212, 332. 

jr., Isaac, 181, 199, 281, 326. 
331. 340. 

sr., Isaac, 247, 305, 35S. 

John, 197, 201, 368. 

Samuel, 185. 

William, 1S2. 1S4, 198. 
McCormick, H. J., 363. 

John J., 339. 
McConn family, 45. 
McCoun, John, 322, 323. 

John T., 127, 197, 206, 241, 255, 
344. 354. 366. 

Samuel, 161, 326. 

Townsend, 4?. 54. 56. 79, 82, 94, 
95, 109, 132, 323, 327, 32S, 
329. 343. 354, 355- 
Mel oy. Alexander, 330. 

Percv B., 343. 
McCrea, W. T., 343. 
McCreary. H. B., 205. 
McCue, Francis, 200. 
McCusker, Hugh, 422. 

John, 421. 
McDonald. L., 362. 
McDonnell, James M., 341, 399. 

M., 353. 
McDoual, P., 3S6. 
McFadden, M., 393. 
McFarland, Gecrge, 383. 

James, 114. 
McGilHgan, P.. 119. 353. 



McGinniss, Sarah, 16. 

Teddy, 16. 

William, 16. 
McGrath, C. H., 343. 

Michael, 331. 
Mcintosh, F. T., 364. 
McKay, Joseph, 365. 
McKee, William, 207, 208. 
McKenna, Edward J., 343. 
McKeon, James. 332. 343. 
McKown, |ames, 56. 
McLane. Susan N., 220. 

W. D., 220. 
McLean, A., 14S. 

G. E. . 349. 

Le Roy, 1S3, 19S, 364. 

W. D., 423. 
McLeod, Charles A., 271, 2S2, 355. 

Harvey S.. 2S0, 401. 

Mrs. Charles A., 257. 

Say re. 271. 
McLeod & Henry Co., 280. 
McLeod & Reardon. 401. 
McLoud, C. E., 421. 
McLoughlin, J. F„, 423. 
McManus, P. A.. 3113. 

Thomas, 332, 333, 334. 

William, 91, 244, 33S. 
McManus & Smith, 166. 
McMillan, Alex., 350. 
McMillan, Henry. 339. 
McNaughton. S.. 344 
McNeirnev, Francis, 22b, 2^3. 
McNulty, W. G., 19S, 200. 
McNutt, Clarence E., 363. 

Joseph G., 182, 1S4. 
McPhelers, William. 1S4. 
McQuade, P., 296. 
McQuaid, lohn, 353. 

P-, 353- 

Mi Rae, F., 1 14. 
McSorley. C. S., 297. 
Mead, George H., 2S2, 312, 336, 337, 
4 = 5- 

M. B., 352. 

Thaddis, 328. 

W. F., 423. 
Meade, General, 219. 
Meads, W., 120. 
Mealey, J. C, 334. 

J- F-. 333. 334- 
Mearns, John, 233. 
Mechanics' Hall, 214, 215. 265. 
Mechanicville, 132. 
Medal, Centennial, 312. 420. 
Meeker, B. O., 352. 

C. A., 335. 

William A., 379. 
Meeting-house, Presbyterian, 77, 85. 
Megarey, H. J.. 140. 
Meneely Bell Company, C. H., 272. 
Meneely, Clinton H., 259, 272, 282. 
Meneely ei Kimberly, 272. 
Men's Furnishers, 424. 
Mercantile Agency. 424. 
Mercator, Gerard, 2, 3. 
Merchant, G. W., 330. 
Meredith, G. L., 364. 

R. R., 352. 

S., 352. 
Merriam, Homer, 397. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



44. 



Merriam, John O., 271. 
Mcrriam, Moore, & Co., 397. 
Merriam, \V. & H.. 397. 
Merriam & Moore, 397. 
Merrill, C. H., 379. 
J. V. D. S., 399. 
Merrimac, 192, 193. 
Merritt, Daniel, 45, 54, 56, 57, 5S, 
63, 94, 324. 
D. & I., 35, 45, 63, 392. 
Henry, 331, 332. 
Henry A., 333, 334, 363, 417. 
Isaac, 45, 63, 82. 
I. J., 366. 
Jacob, 70, 94. 
Merritt & Son, Isaac, 392. . 
Mertens, J. M., 403. 
Mertens & Phalen, 403. 
Merwin, Samuel, 119, 351. 
Messer, J. L., 332, 333. 334. 
Messirer, A., 216. 
Meters, T., 10. 
Methodists, 67, 6S, 69. 
Middleburgh, 57. 
Miles, Dutch, 8. 

Military, 69, 70, 76, 140. 1S0, m, 
182, 1S3, 1S4, 1S5, 1S6. 196, 
197, 19S, 199, 200, 201, 232, 
233, 244, 246, 247. 
Troy, 

Artillery. Flying, 244. 
Battery K, 244. 
F,' 244. 

Fourth, 244, 246, 
247- 
Troy City, 180,181,184, 
199, 200, 244. 
Cadets, Freeman, 180. 

Tibbits. 233. 
Corps, Tibbits Veteran, 
232. 
Troy Citizens', 140, 1S0, 
1S4, 232, 233, 247. 
Guards, Columbian, 180, 
1S4. 
Troy Jackson, 1S0, 184. 
Troy Republican, 1S0. 
Wool, 1 So, 1S4. 
Trojan Greens, 69, 76. 
Troy City Rifles, 1S0. 
Troy Ellsworths. 185. 
Troy Fusileers, 69, 75, 76. 
Troy Grenadiers. 69. 
Troy Invincibles, 70, 75, 76. 
Volunteers, Irish, 184. 
Militia. 18, 19, 20, 75. 
Mill, Albany and Troy Slitting, 69. 
Albany Rolling and Slitting, 69. 
264. 
Mill. Chrystal Palace, 275. 
Mill Creek, 56. 
Mill gearing. 27S. 
Mill, Mount Vernon, 275. 

Poesten, 15. 
Miller, Abram, 344. 
Frank B., 412. 
Hiram, 212, 357. 
H. B., 413. 
John. 344, 415. 
[ustus, 357, 412. 
J. G , 348. 



Miller, Philip F.,415. 

W. A., 352. 

W. C, 3S1. 
Miller, Hall, & Hartwell, 272, 410, 

412. 
Miller, Wheelock, & Co., 412. 
Miller & Bingham. 412. 
Miller & Wheelock, 412. 
Milligan, Martin, 400. 

M. & M., 400. 
Milliman, N. B., 366. 
Millinery, 422. 
Mills, 75, 82, 110, 264. j; = 

Flour. S2, 94, 103, no, 120, 
265, 275, 276. 

Hosiery, 280, 423. 

Knitting, 2S0, 423. 

Paper, 34, 44, 75, "o, 274, 275. 
Millstones, 103. 
Mina, 67. 
Miner, S , 49. 
Minkler, Albert, 344. 
Mission, Batestown, 213. 

Green Island, 213. 

Ladies' Home, 151, 196. 

St. Johns Free, 219. 
Mitchell". W. H., 200. 
Moffit, H., 56. 

Mollit & Co., R., 51, 369, 370. 
Moffitt, A. W. M..421. 
Moelling, P. A., 352. 
Mohawks, 4, 7. 
Mohegans, 7. 
Mohicans. 7. 

Molloy, Francis J., 335, 340, 3S7, 
425. 

lames E., 387. 
Molloy & Co., James E., 387, 388. 
Moloney, John, 333. 
Moluccas, I. 

Monaghan, William, 335, 341. 
Moncrief, R. F., 421. 
Moncrief & Francis. 421. 
Monitor, 1S6-193. 262, 265. 
Monroe, Fortress, 193. 
Monroe, S., 127, 160. 
Montague, B., 424. 

Orlando, 149, 174. 
Montague & Granger, 174. 
Monument, S. and S., 262, 263, 419. 
Monuments, granite and marble, 

277- 
Moody, Dexter, 143, 2S2, 33r. 
Mooney, Daniel, 184. 

Patrick, 119. 
Moore, A. R. , 356. 

Benjamin, 61, 62. 

Clement C, 96. 

Franklin. 343. 

Gurdon G., 185. 

Jesse, 331. 

John, 353. 

Mr , 238. 

R. B.. 397. 
Moore & Fitzsimmons. 41S. 
I Moore & Nims, 397. 
Moores, C. H., 425. 
Moores & Winder, 425. 
! Moorhouse. A. B., 350. 
Moran, John, 200, 327, 334. 
Morehead, Mrs. J., 243. 



Morehouse. G. C, 352. 
Morey, Charles E., 197. 

David, 341, 422. 

Manley VV„ 387. 
Moicy & Lee, 3S7. 
Morgan, A. B.. 212. 
Morgan. Boardman, & Coit, 27, 30, 

45- 
Morgan, C, 352. 

Ephraim, 27, 32, 42, 52. 56, 58, 
S2, 89, 104, 322, 323, 328, 393. 

E. D., 14S, 182, 184. 

Ephraim S. . 330. 

John, 341. 

Ro^well A., 361. 

William, 222. 
Morrill, William W., 363. 
Morris, J. B., 333. 

J. W., 364. 

Robert, 333. 

Samuel, 335, 336, 424. 
Morrison, George H., 213, 357, 35S. 

363, 383- 

jr., James, 209 

Leonard, 401. 
Morrison & Halstead, 401. 
Morrison & Westfall, 401. 
Morrissey, James, 335, 336. 
Morton, Lt., S5. 
Mosely, W. F , 414. 
Mosher, Alfred, 356. 

George A., 363. 

Harvey, 330, 331. 

P. W.; 350. 
Mostyn, J., 349. 
Moulton, Howard, 46, 47, 40, 89. 

jr., Howard, 48. 

Josiah, 48, 323. 

Mrs. Howard, 48. 
Mount Ida, 69, 74, 99, 102, 122, 124, 
138, 139, 142, 149, 164. 170. 

Olvmpus, 99, in, 124, 142. 14?. 
146. 
Mountings, brass, 274. 
Mowry, Le Roy, 5S, 127, 329. 
Mulchahey, J., 350. 
Mulford, J. N., 350. 
Mulligan, Martin, 424. 
Mulligan & Schermerhorn, 424. 
Mulliken, John R.. 369. 
Munitions, War, 185. 
Munn, Joseph, 59, 423. 

William H., 312, 423. 
Murnane, M., 197. 
Murphy, Daniel, 335. 

jr., Edward, 230, 259, 276, 2S1, 
326, 333, 340, 356. 

John J., 334. 

Martin, 335, 336. 

Patrick, 332. 
Murray, Edward F., 281, 282, 312, 

340,342,425. 
Museum, Troy, 121, 159, 162. 

Peale's, 162, 239. 
Music Hall. 227. 283, 2S9, 297, 300. 
Myers, A. B., 184, 196. 

Charles, 41(1. 

Michael H., 342, 363. 

Walter. 334, 335. 

W. J.. 425. 
Myers & Brennan, 425. 



444 



TRO Y'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Nagle, J. B., 353. 

Nail Factory, Albany, 264. 

Troy Iron &, 267. 
Xails. 264, 267, 27'). 
Nairn, | . B., 349. 
Nalle, Charles, 176, 177, 178. 
Nash, Abram, 127. 421. 

A. B., 20S. 421. 

M.,353- 
Nash, Beadleston, & Co.. 421. 
Nash & Adams, 421. 
Nash & Co.. A. B., 421. 
Nash ..V Son. A., 421. 
Nason, Henry T., 363. 
Nazro, Henry, 393, 395. 

John B.. 324. 

John P., 354. 
Nazro, Thurber, i: Green, 395. 
Nazro & Green. 395. 
Neary, John H.. 339. 

Thomas, 342. 
Nedcrlandt. Nieu, 4. 3. 6, 9. 
Negagonse, - 
Nehei. lohn H., 356, 357, 358. 

Philip IL. 213, 358, 368, 423. 
Ncher & Carpenter. 423. 
Nelson House, 423. 
Nelson, John, 423. 
Nelherland, New, 4, 6, 8, 9. 
Netherlands, 4, 6. 
Neuested, L., 218, 354. 
New Amsterdam, 17. 
New City, 24. 27. 2S. 36, 44, 376, 377. 
Newcomb, W. K., 197. 
Newfoundland, 1. 
New France, 2, 3, 4. 
New Land. 1. 

Newspapers. 124, 260, 262, 369-373. 
New York City, 26, 419. 
Nicholls, James H., 342, 356. 
Nil kel Works. 2-0. 418. 
Nic.ills. Richard. 12, 14. 
Nieuw Stadt, 376. 
Night, Church. 289 

Lawyer's, 300. 
Niles. Jonathan. 38. 

Michael, 334. 
Nimmo. C. A., 257. 
Nims, H. B., 2S2, 397. 
N i m - & Co.. II. B., 397. 
Nims .v Knight. 71, 397. 

Noble. C. F., 352. 

E., li". 552. 

J. H.. 348. 

R. H., 343- 
Norombega. Fort ol. 2. 
North, Army of the, 18, 19, 20, 75, 

Northern Budget, 51, 262, 369, 370, 

372. 
Northern Hotel, 423. 
Northern News Co., 421. 
Ni irton, F. L., 350. 

G. A.. 396. 

lohn T . 204. 563. 

R. S. 

Sylvester. 330. 

Thomas, 331, 332. 333. 
Norton & Corning, 264. 
Nose, Anthony's, 1 1. 
Notes, Small. 33, 77. 142. 107. 



Nott, Eliphalet, 365. 
Novaya, Zemlya, 2. 
Noyes, R., 352. 
Nutting, Hull, & Co., 401. 
Nyce, G. W., 364. 

Oaklev. Jesse, 60. 

P'. C.. 351- 
Oakwood Cemeterv. 231, 247, 249. 

250. 
t lathout, John, 232. 
< latman, Daniel, 71. 
Ober. M., 414. 
O'Brien, James, 337. 

M., 296. 

R. V., 339. 
T., 184. 
Observer. Troy, 262, 373. 
O'Connor, J., 364. 
Odd Fellows. 364. 
Odd Fellows Hall. 364. 
Odel. Jonas. 38. 
Odell.J. H. £ C. S., 228. 
O'Donnell. Thoma-. 194, 
Office. County Clerk's. 51, 52. 
Officers, city, 79, 146, 325-343. 425. 

village, 322-323. 
G. Parish. 
( >il mill, no. 
Old City, 26. 
Olin, A. B., 1S5, 303, 327. 

Job S.'. 209, 342. 
( lliver. G. F., 402. 
Olmstead, W. A.. 182, 183, 1 18 
O'Loughlin, Dennis, 333, 334, 340. 
Olympus. Mount, 99, III, 124, 142, 

143, 146, 312. 
O'Mahony, William. 
Omnibuses, 169. 
Onderdonk, B. T. , 139, 154. 
One Hundred, Committee of, 2S1, 

282, 312. 
Neil, lames, 337, 422. 
Oothoudt. Abraham. 58. 

II.. 31. 

Volkeit. i3. 
Oothout, H., 16. 
Opera House. Griswold, 240. 

Rand's, 240. 
Orange, Fort, 6, 7, B, n. 12, 13. 
O'Reiley. P.. 353. 
Organ, Patrick. 334. 

St. Paul'-, . 
Orr, Alexander. 27: 

Frederick W.. 27;. 365. 

S. Alexander. 275. 

William. 275, . 
Orr, A. & W., 27 = 
Orr & Co., A. & W., 275. 
Orrs & Co., 274. 27;. 
Orvis, J. V .. 172. 
Osbon. A. "SI., 1 19, 331. 
Osborn. ].. 53. 323. 

L., 354'- 
Osborne. \\ . 
Osgood, Jason C. 

Thomas, 330. 

W. B., 351. 
Ostrander, Evert, 204. 331. 

Francis A., 213 

James, 279. 



Ostrander Fire Brick Co., 271 
1 Istrander & Son, James, 279. 
Osterhout, J. II., 273. 
Ostrom, T."L., 12S. 
O'Sullivan. Daniel, 334. 335, 336. 
34i- 

J-.4I4- 

Jeremiah, 334 

Timothy J., 336, 337. 
Otis, Charles G.. 200. 

George H., 1^2. 183, 233. 
Ottenhues. J.. 3 = j 
Owen. Joshua, 35, 37. 284. 

Mary, 2-4. 
Oude Stadt, 376 

Packard, Angelo S. , 399. 

Augustus P., 

Chauncey I)., 282, )i y 1 

Davis, 399. 

Eugene C 399. 

Warren I... 569. 
Packard & Co., C. D., 399. 
Packard & Co., D., 
Packard & Son, C. I) . 300 
Packer. George A . 3 = 7. 422. 
Pafraets, Maria. 14. 
Paganini. M. |.. 239. 
Page. F. H.. 387. 

W. F.. 250. 

W. \V., 348. 
Pahl, J. H., 369,425. 
Paine. Amasa, 72, go, ^24. ",2-, ',27, 
32S. 

Eliza A., 224. 

E. Warren. 273, 276, 2S1. 
John, 94, 109, 132. 162, 247. 249. 

250. 354. 355. 

lohn \\ .. 27''. 

Mrs. i:. Warren, 226. 
Paine ,Y. Hall. 72. 
Paint. 280, 402, 423. 
Palmer. George. 127. 

J. W., 363. 
Panics. Monetary, 77. 141, 142. 
Paper, manufacture of. 34, 274, 27;. 
Paper mills, 34. 44. 75, no, 274 
Park, Beman, 2 ;,4 
Park. Seminary, 233. 
Park, S. W., 180, 182, 183, 19S. 
Park, Washington, 234. w 
Parker. 1. V. 353. 

Mr.. 238. 

William S., 61, 69, 324. 323. 

343. 393- 
Parker & Bliss, 77. 
Parks, S. , 351. 414. 
Parks, Ide. & Holmes, 414. 
Parmelee, Elias, 107. 
Parmenter, Franklin J.. 3m. 342. 

3°3- 

F. \V., 173, 1S5. 
Jerome B., 107. 372. 
Roswell A., 305, 338, 363. 

Parmenter & Clark. 372. 
Parmenter & Eaton, 372. 
Passquassick, 15. 
Pastors of churches. 348-334. 
Patehin, Thaldcus W., 334- 
Palroon of Tioy, 40. 283 2S4 23; 
Patten, Jacob H., 233. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



445 



Patterson, Charles E., 300. 363, 36S. 

George. 344. 

Mrs. Charles E., 257. 
Pattison, Edward A., 363, 422. 

Elias, 112, 114. im [66, 328. 

George II, 363. 

I larrv H.. 363. 

Richard 11., 331. 
Pattison & Hart, 166. 
Pattern, Alexander G., 1- = 

J. G, 363. 
Paul, John, 423. 

Philip. 423. 
Paulding. Hiram. 1S6. 
Paulus, [. 11.. 421 . 
Pawling, Albert, JI, 34, J >, 17, 4=. 
58, 70 80, 82, B5, 93, 104, 135. 
166, 322. 323. 324, 326, 393. 

Mrs. Albert. 3;. 41. 106 
Pawling & Ten Eyck, 166, 3S9. 
Payne. Martin, 343. 
Peabody/, F F., 407, 409 
Pease, A. S., 372. 

Caroline S . 364 

John. 35, 42, 

L.. 351. 
Pease. Keener. & Co., 270 
Pea^e & Co., |ohn, 34. 
Peek, Alfred S., 425. 

Isaac, 350. 

John 11., 255, 260, 363. 365, 
366. 
Peck & Hillman, 205. 
Peckham, Reuben, 275, 371 

William M , 27?, 336, 544, 37.). 
Peebles, Hugh, 56, 61. 92, 323, 327, 

328, 354- 
Pegg, C. M., 351. 352. 
Peltier. E. L., 363. 
Penfield, Nelson, [97, 
Pennel, G. C. 350. 
Peoble. Charles \\\, 340. 
Percy, George W., 2S0. 
Percy & ( raitley, 281 
Perkins, Ira M., 333. 

S. D . 183. 
Perry, Amos S., 154, 338. 

George H.. 558. 

John S., 298, 330. 
Peta'nock. 8. 
Peters. William. 333. 
Peterson, S. A.. 422. 
Peterson & Packer, 422. 
Pettit, H.. 67. 
Phalen, Patrick, 3S3, 403. 
Phelan, T. F , 363. 
Phelps, Jonas H., 273; 274. 

Mrs A. Lincoln, 173. 
Phelps & Gurley, 274. 
Phelps iV Gurleys, 274 
Philadelphia, 19, 24, 26. 
Phillips. E., 354. 

E. D.. 549 

George H.. 210. 334. 

J. L... 252. 

/■■ 351, 352. 
Phoebus, William. 68, 351. 
Photographers, 424. 
Physicians, 363. 

Piano and organ houses, 397, 398. 
Pianos, S5. 



Pickett. C. A., 197. 
Pickslay, W. M.. 350. 
Picture frames, 424. 
Pidgeon, James, 36S. 
Pierce, A. H., 249, 402. 

Benjamin, 396. 

H. D.,330. 

Jeremiah, 35, 45, 53, 6] 

"William, 4;, 240 
Pierce, Sackett, & Co., 396. 
Pierce. Son, & Co.. 396. 
Pierce & Co., B., 396. 
Pierce & Kellogg, 396. 
Pierce & King. 396, 402. 
Pierce & Sackett, 393, 396. 
Pierce & Son, II, 396. 
Pierce & Southwick, 396,402. 
Pierpont. John, 15S, 249, 353. 
Pierson, Job, 206, 305. 

John B., 339, 355. 
Piersons, H. G., 425. 
Pieterse, L., 15. 
Pine. James K. P.. 355, 368, 412. 

J. LeRoy, 334, 335. 
Pine, Adams, & Dunham, 413. 
Pine. Miller, & Dunham, 413. 
Pine X Hamblin. 413. 
Pine ..V Miller. 412. 
Piscawen Kill, 15. 17, 20, 21, 51, 56, 

65, 167, 235, 264, 2S4. 
Pitcher. Hart, & Card, 394. 
Pitcher, Samuel, 394. 
Pitman, C, 160. 
Pitt. W. H., 1S3. 
Place, Daniel, 3S8. 
Piatt, Ananias, 32, 38. 

Ebenezer, 397. 

E. ,V D. W.. 307. 

Joseph C, 366. 
Piatt & Co.. E., 597. 
Plattsburgh. 75. 
Plum, Elias. 149, 326. 356. 

Henrv H., 343 

Mrs., 67. 
Plumb. Frederick A., 399. 

Joseph, 324. 

jr., W. H.. 197. 
Plumbers, 424. 
Podmore, J. W. F., 270 
Poest, Jan B., 14. 

Poesten Kill. 7, 1 1. 14, to. 17, 20, 21, 
22, 31, 34, 42, 5S, 65, 74, 103, 122, 
123, 264, 265, 274, 275, 2S4. 
Point. Half Moon, 19, 2S, 44. 
Police, Capital, 301 . 
Police Commissioners, 325, 326, 340, 

425- 

Police Magistrates. 342. 
Police Superintendent, 340. 
Pollak, A.. 354. 
Pomeroy, B., 351. 

George O., 149. 

Thaddeus, 392. 
Pomeroy & Wells, 391. 
Pond Brothers. 277. 
Pool. S. H., 423. 
Poor, General, 19. 
Poplars, Lombardy, 60. 
Population of Troy, 30. 54, 55. 66, 

77, no, 121, 374, 377. 
Pork packing. 120, 378. 



Porter, 277. 

Pos, S., 10. 

Post, whipping, 40. 

Postmasters, 4S, 60. 240, 241, 35S. 

Post offices. 4S, 240, 241, 263. 

Posts, G. A. R., 368. 

Potash works, 44. 

Potter. Alonzo. 293. 350. 

Eliphalet N.. 224. 294. 350. 

Henry C. 293, 

Horatio, 172. 

jr., Nathaniel, 209. 
Potter & Co., L., 271 . 
Potteries, 103, 104. 
Potts, Samuel [)., 185. 
Powers. Albert E., 255, 366, 

John, 156. 

Lyman, 329, 330. 

Robert, 33. 
Pramer, Nelson, 334, 335. 
Pratt, John P., 262. 2S2, 373. 

Luther, 50. 
Pratt & Co . I. , 50. 
Predictions, 370. 
Prefontaine, H.. 
Prenderghast, |. P., 364. 
Prentice, lames R., 332. 333. (99 

William H., 217. 
Pi scott, Ebenezer. 216, 329. 

John F., 343. 
Presidents, village. Mi. 74, 322, 323. 
Press, Daily Troy, 370. 

hoy. 370. 

Troy Daily, 262, 372. 

Weekly. 372. 
Price. Cora. 173. 

John, 217. 

Mrs. Cicero, 173. 

W. M., 424. 
Prime, J. A.. 348. 
Pi inceton, the, 1 - B, 190. 
Produce Merchants, 400. 
Property, assessed, 314. 315, ji6. 

real and personal, 346. 34 
Proudfit, A. A., 348. 

Ebenezer, 253, 379. 

Margaret E . 215, 252, 253. 

Williams, 2;;. 
Prout, W. C„ 350. 
Provision Merchants, 400. 
Pryor, W. A., 424. 
Public Improvement Commission, 

341, 342, 419. 
Puddling, first, 2(15. 
Puissant. P. A., 353. 
Pullman, J. M., 353. 
Purcell, John. 337.42;. 

John J., 2S2, 336, 337. 

Patrick. 42;. 

Thomas B., 340. 

(Juackenbush, Gerrit, 344, 3S1. 
G. V. S., 159, 344, 381. 
John H., 183, 198. 
(Juackenbush & Co., G. V. S.. 59, 

60, 380, 3S1. 
(Juackenbush & Lee, 381. 
(Juackenbush & Smith, 381. 
Quandt, Adam, 421. 
Quandt Brewing Co., 421 . 
Quay, John, 197. 



446 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Ouinlan, J. W., 352. 

Ouinn, James T., 336, 337, 425. 

Philip, 1 19. 

Timothy, 177. 17S, 1S0, 232. 

William F., 369. 
Quirk, Michael J., 343. 

Rags. 34. 

Railroad chairs, 265. 

rails, 267. 
Railroads, Steam, 

Fitchburgh, 165. 

Housatonic, 152. 

Hudson River, 152, 153, 320. 

Mohawk and Hudson, 132, 152. 

New York and Albany, 152. 

New York and Troy, 319. 

New York Central, 320. 

Rensselaer and Saratoga, 132, 

134. 135, 136, 137. M6, 32°- 
Schenectady and Saratoga, 136, 

137- 

Schenectady and Troy, 117, 146. 
147, 148. 152, I&9- 319. 320. 

Troy and Boston, 163, 165, 171, 
320. 

Troy and Greenbush, 152, 153, 
170, 209. 

Troy and Greenfield, 165. 

Troy and Rutland, 165. 

Troy Union, 149, 170. 171, 273, 
320. 

Utica and Schenectady, 146. 

West Stockbridge, 152. 
Railroads, Street, 

Lansingburgh and Cohoes, 202. 

Troy and Albia. 203. 

Troy and Lansingburgh, 202, 
203. 

Waterford and Cohoes, 202. 
Rain fall, 347. 
Rand. Gardner, 281. 

Gardner W., 129, 172. 
Randal, A., 70. 
Randall, P. D., 396. 
Rand's Hall, 240. 
Ranges, 270, 271. 
Ranken, David M., 2S2. 335, 336, 

337. 339. 34i- 

Hugh, 332, 339. 

John, 330. 

Robert B. , 339. 

William, 340, 422. 

William J., 332, 333, 335, 336. 
Ransley, W. H., 344. 
Ransom, H. W. , 351. 
Rapp, Christian W., 200, 334, 335. 
Rathbun, Amos, 34. 

Wait, 34, 35, 36. 
Rawson. Keating, 119. 
Raymond, E. S., r2g, 349. 

Joshua, 56. 

J. & X.. 72. 
Raynor, M., 353. 
Razor strops, 172. 
Reab, George, 73. 
Read, Aaron. 241. 

Arba, 209, 276, 326. 356. 

Benjamin, 143. 

Charles II., 358, 366. 

M. P.. 276. 



Read, Armstrong. & Co., 276. 
Read Brothers, 276. 
Read & Armstrong. 276. 
Read & Brothers, 276. 
Read & Brothers, M. P., 276. 
Read & Son, 276. 
Reardon. John, 340, 401. 
Reardon, Ennis, & Co., 401. 
Reardon & Ennis. 4or. 
Recorder, The, 43, 426. 
Recorders, 8^, 326, 327. 
Redfield & Bradley, 52. 
Reed, C. H., 149. 

Ira S., 401. 

Leonard, 323, 325, 32S. 

William, 34 1. 
Regan, Patrick, 332, 333. 
Regency, Albany, 310. 
Regiment, 3d Michigan, 200. 

5th Michigan, 200. 

N. Y. S. Militia, 1S0, 199, 200. 

2d N. Y. S. V., 1S3, 1S4. 197, 

I98, 200, 210. 

2d N. Y. S. Cavalry. 1S5. 

7th N. Y. S. Cavalry, 185. 

21st N. Y. S. Cavalry, 200. 

24th N. Y., 180, 199. 200. 

30th N. Y., 1S4, 185. 

93d N. Y.. 185. 

104th N. Y., 1S5, 1S6. 

125th N. Y., 196. 

169th N. Y., 197. 
Reichard, B. A., 422. 
Reid. John. 327. 
Reilly, C. A., 353. 

Gilbert, S9. 161, 206. 

Lawrence T., 425 
Remick, Ninian B., 2t5, 290, 349. 
Remington, S., 351. 
Renshaw, A. 1L, 417. 
Rensselaer County, 36, 38. 
Rensselaer Iron Company, 265. 

Works, 191. 193, 265, 266. 
Rensselaerswyck, 8, 9, 10, n, 12, 

13, 14. 16, 17, 3S. 
Rents, water. 346. 

Report. City Comptroller, 313-322. 
Reservoirs, 167, 235, 236. 
Reur, Hendrick, 14. 
Revenues, city, 313. 
Revere House. 423. 
Reynolds, H. M., 262, 373. 

N.. 422. 

P. L.. 197. 

R. C, 422. 

W. H.,409. 
Reynolds, Thompson, & Co., 2b2, 

373- 
Rhodes, G. N., 334, 335. 

La M. AY., 341. 
Rice, J. L., 4or. 

Obed, S2. 
Rice & Gordinier, 40:. 
Rich, William, 130, 131. 
Richard, Joseph. 216. 
Richards, Albert, 343. 

Alpheus. 232. 

Charles R., 33S. 356. 

George B.. 338. 

Lewis, 112. 114. 323. 324. 

Mrs. Maria, 138. 



Richards, Volney, 210, 331. 
Richardson, Jonathan, 274. 
Rickerson. Le Roy, 337, 422, 425. 

Seward. 395. 
Rickerson & Co.. 422. 
Rickerson & Lewis. 422. 
Ricketts, P. C, 4t7. 
Rifles, Morgan, 185. 
Riley, James M., 336. 

Michael, 343. 
Riordan, G. G.. 363. 

J. H., 363- 
Riots, r4<>, 199, 200. 
Ritchie, D., 422. 
River Street, paved, 121. 
River. Connecticut, 7. 

Grande, 4. 

Great, 2, 4. 5. 

Hoosick, 2. 

Hudson, 2, 7, S, 12, 19, 28, 319. 

Mohawk. 2. 4, 7, 19, 2S, 44. 

St. Lawrence, 1, 2. 
Rivets, boiler, 269. 
Rivier, Groote, 4, 5, 6. 9. 

.Manhattons, 5, 9. 

Mauritius, 5, 9. 

Maurits, 5, 9. 

Montaigne, 5. 9. 

Noort, 5, 9. 13. 

Nord. 13. 
Riviere, Grande, 2, 4. 
Road, Hollow, 79. 

River, 2t, 22, 23, 27. 

Schuyler, 79. 
Roarke, Barnard J., 336, 337. 

Francis, 424. 
Rob Roy Hosiery Co., 390, 423. 
Robbins, Amatus, 82. 

William 1L, 160. 
Roberts, R. B.. 139. 

R. H., 278. 

William, 167. 

jr., William, 338. 
Robenson. C. 354. 

jr., Gilbert, 148, 240, 2S2, 300 
327, 342, 358, 363, 366. 

G. H., 349- 

J. J., 294. 

William, 366. 
Robinson, Amos, 329, 330. 

C. E., 348. 

C. S., 171, 349. 

Church, & Co., 147, 392. 

Daniel, 2S2, 392. 

George S.. 368, 413. 

John A., 392. 

J. IL, 348, 352. 

Robert, 22r. 
Robinson & Church, 392. 
Robinson & Co., John A., 391, 392. 
Robinson & Griswold, 392. 
Rocliambeau, Comte de, 42. 
Roche. E. G., 363. 

William J., 313, 337, 338. 343, 

3°3- 
Rochefoucault, Liancourt D. de la, 

43- 
Rochester, 419. 
Rock. Hugh. 333, 343. 
Rockstroh, 224, 350. 
Rockwell, Mary A., 243. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



447 



Rockwell. N. J., 241, 27S. 
Roddy. Patrick H..341. 
Rogers, B. P., 357. 

E. F.. 424. 

Henry II.. 267. 

Isaac, 31. 

John W., 344. 

S. F., 364. 

M. W., 42s. 

W. H.. 354. 
Rogers & Dowling, 424. 
Rohrer, S.. 354. 
Rolling-mill, 69, 267. 
Ronalds, T. H., 200. 
Rood, H. A., 336. 
Root, Charles, 400. 

H . G.. 400. 
Ropewalks. 44, 74, 104, ito. 
Rose, A. C, 351. 

Brownell B., 386. 
Ross, Elias, 209, 330. 337. 

E. Ogden, 322, 343, 363. 
George A.. 423. 

Stephen, 126, 167, 323, 327, 32S, 
329. 

W.. 351. 
Rouleau. A. F.. 217. 
Rousseau, Alex., 59 

A. J. ,51. 

B. A., 358. 
Henry, 125, 398. 
John, 397. 
Lewis, 125. 

L. A., 1S5, 214, 344. 

Richards, & Co., 51. 

Zotique, 364. 
Rowe, M. C, 2S0. 

W. H., 280,357. 
Rowell. S. . 416. 

Rowland. Thomas F., 1S9, 191, 192. 
Roy, John F., 364. 
Rubber goods, 399. 
Ruff, Andrew, 14, 34. 275. 
Rumbold, J., 143. 
Ruscher, Aloues, 421. 
Ruscher & Co.. 421. 
Ruscher & Stoll, 421. 
Russell, Abraham, 356. 

Charles B., 252, 2S1, 355. 

Joseph, 45. Si, 94, 149. 343. 

-Marcus D., 343, 402. 

Michael. 333, 334. 
Russells, The, 238. 
Russum. J- C. 351. 
Ryan, James, 369. 

James E., 335. 

James H., 363* 

John, 344. 

John J., 336. 

Sackett. Daniel, 396. 
Saddler, L. L., 353. 
Safford. O. F.. 290, 296. 3;-,. 
Sage, A. N., 344. 

Russell, 14S, 330, 331. 

William F.. 207, 234, 331, 339. 
356. 
Sagendorf, George H., 209,357. 
Salisbury, Alexander, 424. 

Amos, 69, 324. 327. 

F. W., 424. 



Salisbury, H. C, 144. 42',, 425. 
Salisbury & Co., F. W.. 424. 
Salisbury A; Johnson, 423. 
Sampson, Albert A.. 357. 36S. 

John, 324, 325. 
Sanckhagag, 8. 
Sandlord. L. A.. 351. 
Salle's, George E., 363. 

William J., 333. 
Sanford. N. f. & N. W., 3S7. 

N. W., 387. 

P. P., 351. 

Samuel B., 355, 365, 36S, 412, 

4TI3. 

W. F.,352. 

William M., 395. 
Sanford & Morey, 387. 
Sanford & Robinson. 412, 413. 
Sangerbund, 259, 297. 
Saratoga, 19. 20, 44, 132, 134, 135. 

136. 137. 
Sargeant, S. G., 213. 

S. S., 331. 
Sashes, doors, and blinds, 418. 
Saul, Julius, 402. 
Saunders, J. S. , 296. 

R.. 15- 
Saunders & Briggs. 396. 
Sausse, Thomas. 17S, 339. 
Savage, G. R., 350. 

J. A., 184. 

Rev., 296. 
Sawin, Theophilus P., 290.291. 34S 
Saw-mills, 12, 14, 13, 17, 31, 34. 44, 

no. 
Sawyer. J. E. C, 351. 
Saxe, C. J., 407. 
Saxton. Gordon B.. 245. 

Philena F., 24;. 

S. B., 245. 
Scarborough, John, 293. 350. 
Schaible, Jacob M., 425. 
Schenectady, 12, 14. 15, 16, 28. 
Schermerhorn, H., 424. 

J.C.,40. 

Norman, 344. 
Schneider, Frederick, 336, 337, 393. 

Henry. 421. 
Schnell, A., 425. 
School, African, 144. 

Fisk's. 43. 

Infant, 108, 122. 

Lancasterian, 100, 101, 122. 204. 
298, 317. 

Monitorial, 317. 

Rensselaer, 106, 107, 10S. 

St. Paul's, 63, 224. 
School commissioners, 340. 341, 425. 
School-houses, 32, 37, 49, 81, 129, 

299. 
Schools, Public. 297, 2gS, 299, 300, 

317- 
Schooner Flora. 26. 
Schoonmaker, J. E.. 2S3. 

M. D.. 417. 
Schoppe, B. , 353. 
Schuyler, Barent, 91. 

C. C, 364, 366. 

Helen, 91. 

Henry, 8r. 

Myndert, 16. 



Schuyler, Nicholas, 34, 1.1. 258. 

Philip, 14, 16, 18, 19. 

Philip P., 16. 

Stephen J., 16, 17, 18. 41. =4. 
91. 276. 

Stephen V. R., 9T, 32S. 

Tobias R., 91. 
Schuylerville, 19. 
Scoby, Samuel, 68. 
Scott. I. Seymour. 185. 232, 343. 

Michael H., 335, 336, 337 

Moses. 70. 
Scribner. Ann, 63. 
Searle, F. T., 364. 
Sears, Edwin, 333. 

Oliver L., 329. 
Seaton, W. C 39S. 

\V. G., 337, 425. 
Seeger, E., 354. 
Seidel, J., 352. 

J- F., 352. 
Seitz, Eugene. 363. 

Robert, 343. 
Selden, Charles, 56. 

G. M., 2; 7 . 

J- D 

\\ . J., 392. 
Selleck, J. K., 1S6. 
Seminary, St. Joseph's Prov.. 205, 

206. 
Seminary, Troy Female, 46, 48, 8S, 
S9, 90, 91, 100, 122, 245, 259, 260, 
261, 300. 320, 365. 
Sentinel. Troy Daily, 124. 
Sentner, M. A.. 352. 
Session-house, Presb., 125. 143. 151, 

15S. 204, 205. 
Sessions, John, 34S. 
Seward, William H., 187, 18S. 
Sewers, 419. 

Sewing machines, 175, 176. 
Sexton, H. C, 352. 

T. L., 349. 
Seymour, Ashbel, 34. 

Asher, 303. 

David L.. 303, 304, 305. 

E., 348. 

Israel, 129, 32S, 329, 330. 

Man- L., 303. 

Truman, 219, 351. 

Walter J., 331. 

William P., 364. 

William W., 364. 
Seymour & Co.. 103. 
Shackladv. C. H., 421. 

C. W.. 416. 
Shanahan, J., 140, 353. 
Shanley, J. C.,334, 335. 
Shappo. J. A., 363. 
Sharp, John E., 233. 
Shattock, William, 218. 
Shaughnessy, James, 333, 334, 335. 
Shaver, L. E., 280. 
Shavor & Henderson, 271. 
Shaw, William, 35S, 363, 366. 
Sheary, Laurence, 421. 
Sheffer, C E., 424. 
Sheldon, Cyrus D , 342. 

Daniel, 389. 

C. P., 293, 349. 

Elias P., 196. 



448 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Sheldon, Elisha, 323. 

Frederick A. . 217. 

T. F.. 197. 
Sheldon, Greene. &Co., 271. 
Shepard, George W., 343. 

W. A.. 212. 253, 35S. 
Sheridan, General, 2iq. 
Sherman, Charles, r2S, 351. 

Charles G., 373. 

David, 71. 

General, 2ig. 
ge . . 185. 

R. W., 109. 

William A., 401. 

William C, 331. 

William H.. 381. 
Sherman & Fitzpatrick, 401. 
Sherrill, Arthur G.. 387, 

Elizabeth, 90. 

Tames 11 . 
Sherry, John. 234. 36S, 386. 

Mrs. A. G., 257 
Shields. Hamilton L, 1S0. 1-4. 

Thomas H., 205. 

William H., 233. 
Shinn, G. W.. 350. 351. 
Shinplasters, 33. 77. 142, 197. 
Shipherd, Fayette, 150, 151. 

Joseph, 149. 
Ship yard. 50. 144, 174. 
Shirt manufacturers, 174. 175, 272, 

273. 4°7-4i5- 
Shirts, 174, 175. 176. 204. -'-■ -:•■ 

407-41?- 
Shoe dealers, 399, 424- 
Shoe-factories, no. 
Shoe-machines, horse. 267. 21 - 
Shoes, horse, 264, 267, 26S. 
Shoup, F. A., 350. 
Shovels, 267. 

Shrauder, Gordon G., 363. 
Shriver, Edmund. 1=4. 
Shroder, J. D., 424. 
Siddons, Mrs. Scott, 240. 
Sidney, J. C, 249. 
Sights. Cannon, 274. 
Sill, Calvin S., 344. 

Josiah, 348. 
Silliman. Benjamin, S4. 

John. 329. 

Robert D., 115. 126, 149, 206, 
329. 344, 356. 
Silliman >fc Gardner. 166. 
Silsbee, W., 353. 
Simmons, Darling, & Co.. 
Simmons, J. C, 352. 
I. F..20S, 331. 

S. P., 344- 

W. A., 340. 423. 

W. <\, 423. 
Simmons & Darling, 386. 
Simons, E. D.. 220. 349. 
Simpson. E. W.. 417. 

Matthew, 161, 220. 
Sim & Co.. F. W., 71, 425- 
Sims. Francis. 355. 

George F., 355. 
Sisters of Charity, 212, 216. 

St. Joseph, 213. 
Sisters of the Order of the Holv 
Child, 224. 



Sisters of the Poor. Little. 226. 
Sitgreaves, L.. 1S3. 
Skelding. Captain. 4(1. 

Thomas, Sg, 92, 324, 3S8. 
Skelding & Co., Thomas, 38S. 
Skene. George. 352. 
Skinner. Adolph, 353. 

Roger. 70. 

W. J.. 197. 
Skins, beaver, 12. 24. 

otter. 12. 

raccoon, 24. 

sheep, 24. 
Slade, Caleb. 320. 
Slason, Alfred, 127. 

Dutcher. 324. 

Henry. 72, 423. 
Slaughter-houses, 40, 37S. 
Slauson, B. W., 422. 
Slave, fugitive, 176, 17;. 178 
Slaves, 32. 
Sleicher, John A.. 371. 372. 

jr.. William. 276. 
Slocum. Hiram. 326. 329. 

H. W.. 3 = :. 
Sloop-lock, 101. 
Sloops. 74. S7. 88, 123. 
Smalley. Elam. 348, 
Smart. A. J., 274. 

Joseph. 274. 

[oseph W., 274. 415. 

R T.. 332. 333, 402. 
Smart & Barnes. 402. 
Smart & Co., 402. 
Smart & Son. 402. 
Smith, Adam. 328. 

Adam R.. 20S, 250, 2S1. 355, 
356. 42;. 

Albert. 297. 299. 341. 

Andrew. 200. 

Arthur T., 337, 425- 

Benjamin. 33, 45, 70, 104, 323. 
328. 

Bernard X., 197. 

Cornelius, 344. 

Edwin, 3S1. 

E. R 

George. 89, 213. 

George B.. 218. 

George E.. 290, 352. 

Gerrit. 151. 

Harvey. 204, 234. 330. 331, 332, 

339- 

Henry. 172. 
- Henry T. . 397. 
Henry W., 363. 
Hiram, 331, 356. 
John, 2, 4. 

[oseph, 1S6, 1S7. i". 
J. B., is 
J. G 

1. M.. 351. 
J. X.. 349' 
Lansing. 343. 
Leonard, 332, 395, 400. 
Levi, 363. 
Mrs. F. B-, 173. 
Robert G., 337, 3S7. 
R. M.. 413. 
Samuel, 91. 
S. E., 351. 



Smith, S. M.. 423. 

S. W., 423. 

Thomas. 344. 

William, 94. 

William E.. 42;. 

William P., 364. 

W. Stone. 173. 271. 357- 
Smith & Bickford, 423. 
Smith & Stevenson, 387, 
Smyth. James, 422. 

2d, James, 141. 397. 

S. B., 397. 
Smyth & Co.. 3117. 
Smyth & Co.. |acob, 422. 
Snedekor, Isaac, 324. 328 

Joseph. 329. 
Snider. Harry. 369. 
Snively, Thaddeus A.. 350. 
Snodgrass, W. D., 127, 34S. 
Snow. 52. 

Henry E . 200. 
Snyder. Spencer W.. 197. 
Society, Children's Home. 234. 

Home Missionary. 234. 

Ladies' Employment. 1 

Rens. Co. Agricultural, 8 
1S2. 214. 

Rens. Co. Bible. 184. 

Rens. Co. Homoeopathic. 364. 

Rens. Co. Medical. 364. 

Troy Handel and Haydn, 259. 

Troy Vocal, 259, 2S3. 
Solomon, H. G . 354. 
Somers, C. G., So, SO, ;j 
Soule, H. B.. 353. 
Southard, S. L.. 155. 
Southwick, Daniel, [62, ; 2 

Edward, 03. 

Lewis L., 255. 343. 4112. 
Southwick & Barnes. 402. 
Spades. 267. 
Speck, W. J.. 363. 
Speers, S. G., 349. 
Spencer, James, 31, 73, 324. 325. 

W. G., 350. 

W. II.. 3 = 3 
Spicer, George A.. 413 

Tohn D., 203. 2S2, 333, 337, 351, 
352, 364. 
Spikes, 266, 2(17. 
Sprague, Otis, 329. 
Spy, American. 4S. 
Square, Franklin, 14;. 

Liberty, 145. 

Public, 34. 4<i 

Washington, 73, 136, 170, 1S3, 
262. 
Squeezer. Burden's rotary, 267. 
Squire, George, 59. 
Squires, John. 366, 413. 

Norman B.. 212, 221, 2S2, 2S3, 
341, 35;, 358, 3S6. 

Robert, 413. 
Squires. Sherry, & Gaulsha, 3S6. 
St. Barnabas. Brotherhood, 228. 
St. Xicholas' Visit. 96, 97, 98. 
St. Onge. I. B. S., 353. 
St. Ormond & Morris, 422. 
St. Regis. 75. 310. 
Staats, Xicholas. 38. 
Stackpole. Joseph, 331, 422. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS. 



449 



Stackpole & Wotkyns, 422. 

Stage lines, 32, 70, 71, 153, 202, 365. 

Stages, 169. 

Staler, W. C, 387. 

Stamper. Henrv, 424. 

Stancill, R. W.', 354. 

Standard, Evening. 262, 373. 

Stannard, F. F.. 364. 

H. D., 333. 
Stansfield, W. F., 400. • 
Stanton, Edmond, 334, 34". 

John, 332, 333, 421. 

Patrick M., 344. 
Staples, 279. 
Staples, Edward. 63. 
Stapleton. James, 337. 

Thomas, 336. 

W. B., 334. 
Starbuck, Charles, 269. 

George H., 331, 332, 333, 334. 
366. 

N., 137, 269. 

N.B., 343- 
Starbuck & Gurley, 103, 115, 269, 

400. 
Slarkey, T. A., 293. 350. 
Starks, H. L., 351. 

Independence. 127. 174. 

R. Edson, 350, 426. 

Ralph J.. 20S, 356. 
Starkweather, Allen, & liaker, 396. 
Starkweather, Norton, & Cahoune, 

396. 
Starkweather, R. D., 396. 
Starkweather & Allen. 396. 
Statzell, H. C, 407, 409. 
Steamboat, Alice, 85. 

Buffalo, 14- 

Chief Justice Marshall, 109, 123. 

City of Troy, 218/221,222. 

Commerce. 153. 

Constellation, 109. 

Constitution, 109. 

C. Vanderbilt, 222. 

Empire, 148. 

Fire-fly, 70. 

Illinois, 153. 

Indiana. 153. 

James Fairlee, 153. 

John Mason, 153. 

Jonas C. Heart, 153. 

New London, 109, 123. 

Oliver Ellsworth, 153. 

Pennsylvania, 153. 

Sandusky, 153. 

Saratoga, 222. 

Sunnyside, 221. 222. 

Swallow. 14 -. 

Swiftsure. 153. 

Thomas Powell, 221. 

Troy. 147, 14S. 

Twilight, 222. 
Steamboat Company, Citizens', 221. 

North River, 108. 

Troy, 109. 
Stearns. L. S., 330. 
Stebbins, E. M., 290. 

L. D., 352. 
Steel, manufactured, 265, 266. 
Steel, McGregor. 197. 
Steel Works, Bessemer, 265, 266. 

57 



Steele, A., 351. 
Steelman, H. B . 34'j. 
Steenberg, George T., 1S0, 200. 
Steltyn, P.. II. 

1 Frwin D., 341. 
Stetlhein ei, C. H.. 414. 

G. I., 414. 

J- 414. 
Stettheimer, jr.. & Co.. J., 277. 414. 
Stevens. F. II., 366. 

L. II.. 1 ,7. 
Stevenson, lames M. , 366. 370. 

William, 

William H., 387. 

W.J.,3 5 i. 
Stevenson, Smith. & Co., 387. 
Stevenson & McCall, 370. 
Stewart, A. P., 414. 

James M., 414. 

John. 70. 

Peter. 114. 

Philo P., 270. 

Samuel, 56. 

W. D., 413. 

William. 168. 
Stickelmeyer, Jacob, 425. 
Stiles, F. O., 400. 

S. X., 400. 
Stiles & Brother, F. O., 400. 
Stiles & Root, 400. 
Stillman, Bvron. 423. 

S. L., 351. 

W. J..423. 

Wait H., 224, 233. 
Stillman & Son, 423. 
Stillwater, 19, 20. 
Stillwell, Lydia, 72 
Stimpson. Charles P., 

William, 355. 
St. Ormond & Mortis, 
Stocks, 40. 
Steddard, E. W., 343, 392, 393, 421. 
Stoddard & Burton, 393. 
Stoddard & Co., E. W., 393. 
Stol, Jansen, 1 1. 
Stoll, Fredricka K., 421. 

J. F., 421. 
Stoller, N., 353. 
Stone, Charles, 422. 

D. H., 328. 

George A., 207, 209, 237, 282, 
355, 357. 3 f '3. 

Lucius, 417. 

Thomas H., 417. 

William J., 423. 
Stone, Blair, & Co., 417. 
Stone & Crandell, 422. 
Stoneware, 103, 104. 
Stores, 30, 66, 74 
Stoughton, Hugh B., 363. 
Stout, E. S., 351, 352. 
Stove-dealers. 401, 423. 
Stove linings, 280. 
Stove manufacturers, 269, 270, 271. 
! Stove trimmings, 280. 
Stove-works, Clinton, 270. 

Empire, 270. 
Stover, E., 352. 

Samuel, 338. 
Stoves, 269, 270, 271. 
Stow, F. A., 218. 



344- 



424. 



Stow, Gardner, 305, 338. 

Silas K., 355. 
Strait. B. C, 363. 

E. S., 424. 
Stratton, A. M., 271. 

J. B., 351. 
Stratton & Son, I... 269. 
Strecker, Werner, 297. 423. 
Street lights. 119. 317. 

names, 63. 

Schreyner, 388. 
Streeter, B., 353. 

Lorenzo D.. 341. 
Streets, 64, 82, 38S, 419. 
Strong, Henry W., 327, 366, 370. 

Latham ('., 366. 

Senator. 305. 
Strout, E. B., 158. 
Sullivan, A., 239. 

John L.. 117. 

Michael, 233. 

Thomas, 1S4, 19S. 
Summer, cold, 80, -1. 
Sunday-schools. Si. 
Superintendent Public School, 341, 

425. 
Supplies, mill and factory. 424. 
Surveyors, city, 33S. 
Surveyors' instruments. 273. 274. 
Suydam, F., 355. 
Swahlen, John. 352. 
Swasey, E. R.. 213. 331. 
Swartwout, Henry, 281, 327. 328. 
Swartz, Rev., 203. 
Sweet. D. B., 341. 
Sweetman, J. T., 364. 
Swett. Frederick W., 270. 

George W., 270. 
Swett, Ouimby, & Perry. 37. 1 
Swett. Quimby, & Co.. 185, 270. 
Swett .v Co., George W., 270, 416. 
Swift, John J ., 226. 353. 
Swormsledt, S. Le Roy, 364. 
Sybrandt, W. II.. 349. 
Sylvester, N. B., 363. 
Symenson, J.. 10. 
Symonds, Thomas, 14S, 202, 234, 

33o, 339. 35°- 
Synagogues, 218, 253, 290, 354. 
Syracuse, 419. 

Tackaberrv. ]., 119. 
Taffe, G.. 1-4- 
Tailors, merchant, 424. 
Talleyrand, 42. 
Tallmadge, B., 308. 
Talmadge, E.. 399. 
Talmadge. Wood, & Co., 399. 
Talmadge & Wilson, 399. 
Talmadge & Wood, 399. 
Tan yards. 44. S2, 103, no, 378. 
Tappen, Shepard, 213, 335. 336, 357, 
417. 

Teunise, 16. 
Tappin, Samuel C, 243, 425. 
Tarbell, Frank W., 197. 
Tascamcatick, 18. 
Tatlock, John, 214, 215. 
Tavern, Ashley's, 26, 27, 29, 32, 37, 
38, 57. 

Bull's Head, 71, 73. 



45° 



TROY'S OXE HUNDRED YEARS. 



Tavern, Demarest's, S9. 

Eagle, 72, 423. 

Jacob's, 56. 

Munn's, 391, 423. 

Pierce's, 35, 45. 

Titus', 86, 94, 105. 
Tax, city, 345- 

state and county, 346. 

village, 344. 
Tax collectors, village, 323. 
Taxes, rate of, 345, 346. 
Tayloe, Phebe W., 224. 
Taylor, Benjamin. 58. 

Charles H., 197. 

Hiram, 342. 

Joseph C, 204, 343. 

Mahlon, 31, 34, 35, 40, 44, 46, 
54. 58, 82. 

Robert M., 3SS. 

S.. 58. 

Tracy, 354, 355, 358. 

William, 246, 353. 

W. D., 197. 
Taylor & Bridgeman, 388. 
Taylor & Staley, 3SS. 
Telegram and Whig, Troy Morning, 

262. 
Telegram, Troy Daily, 262, 373. 

Troy Morning, 262, 370, 373. 

Troy Weekly, 373. 
Telegrams, First, 159. 
Telegraph, Morse, 159. 
Telephone Dispatch Co., 237. 
Telephone & Telegraph Co., 237. 
Templars, Knights, 222. 
Temple, Masonic, 223, 224, 240. 
Temple, R., 350. 

Ten Eyck, Abraham, 31, 35, 40, 54, 
58, 166, 323. 

Jacob H.. 27S, 279. 
Ten "Eyck & Co., A., 31, 35, 37S. 
Ten Eyck & Elmendorf, 31, 50, 391. 
Terry, S. H.. 342. 

Thomas, 343. 
Thalimer, Peter, 21S, 422. 
Thatcher, Charles O. , 34S. 
Thayer, W. N., 335. 
Theater, Gaiety, 240. 

Grand Central, 240. 

Troy, 238, 239. 
Theaters, 23S, 139. 240. 
Thebaud, A., 353. 
Thiessen, L. J., 423. 
Thing, S. B.,424. 
Thing & Co., S. B.. 424. 
Thomas, Andrews, .N: Penniman, 397. 
Thomas, Frank W., 363. 

General George H., 21S, 219, 
249. 

Henry B., 368, 416. 

J-. 352. 

John, 94, 338. 

Oliver, 416. 

Theodore, 227. 
Thompson, A. L. , 364. 

A. R., 364. 

Charles W., 209, 331. 

G. L., 262, 373. 

I. Grant, 366. 

John C, 1S6. 

J. F., 197, 402. 



Thompson, John I., 244,281,355,391. 
lohn L., 212, 391. 

J- P- 352. 
J. W., 262, 351. 
Mark V., 331, 332. 
Mrs. John L., 226. 
Mrs. William A., 257. 
Thompson, Robert, 364. 
R. D., 371. 
Robert H., 342, 425. 
William A., 2Si, 355, 35S, 391. 
Thompson's Sons & Co., J L.. S6, 

390. 39 1- 
Thompson & Co., John L., 391. 
Thorn, James, 326, 332. 

James S., 339. 
Thuey, Alexander, 130, 131. 
Thurber, A. A., 395. 

Benjamin, 22, 23, 26, 3;. 
Thurman, Richardson H., 207, 212, 

357- 

Miss Sarah, 364. 
Thurston, Joshua, 85. 
Tibbiis, Benjamin, 50.51, 52, ^3, 56. 

C. E. Dudley, 267. 2S1. 312, 

358, 366- 
Elisha, 50. 

George, 50, 51, 52, 58, 69, 82, 
83, 86, 92, 95, 105, joy, 114, 
126, 135, 161, 167, 323, 324, 
325, 326, 332, 390, 391, 397. 
G. & B., 50, 52. 
G. & E., 50, 166. 
George M., 231. 247. 
John B., 366. 
Mrs. George M., 173. 
Thomas M , 212. 
William B., 182, 184, 198. 200, 
2or, 368. 
Tibbits Mansion, 232, 233, 234. 
Tibbits & Gardner, 50. 
Tides, 99, 100. 
Tie-plates, 266. 

Tierney, Michael A., 335. 336, 337. 
Tile, fire, 279. 2~o. 
Tilley, Arthur, 343. 

W. J.,352. 

Tillinghnst. Charles W., 218, 263, 
267, 270, 281, 342, 344. 355, 
358. 365. 36S, 394, 395- 
2d, Charles W., 233, 312, 366, 

395- 

Joseph J., 203, 281, 355, 395. 

Mrs. Mar}- B., 252. 

Thomas A., 173, 395. 
Tillman. Walter P., 185, 281. 
Tilton, Theodore, 306. 
Tim, Louis, 414. 

Solomon, 414. 
Tim. Wallerstein, & Co., 273, 414. 
Tim& Co., 273, 414. 
Times, Troy Daily, 199, 260, 371, 

372- 
Weekly, 372. 
Timpane, M., 184, 425. 
Tincker, H., 18. 
Tinware dealers, 400, 401. 
Tire, 266. 
Titus, Piatt, 54, 71, 72, 92, 94, 105, 

121. 
Tobacconists, 402. 



Tobias, Henry I., 327. 
Tolhurst, Charles H.. 278. 

William H., 278. 
Tolhurst & Son, W. H., 27S. 
Tomassen, C. , II. 
Tomb-stones, 277. 
Tompkins, Albert, 27S, 312, 340, 

341. 
Clark, 278. 

D. D., 274. 

E. De G., 350. 
Governor, 75. 
Ira, 27S. 
William C, 280. 

Tompkins Brothers, 27S. 
Towne, \V. H., 424. 
Towne A: Elwell, 424. 
Townsend, Eli, 127, 128. 
Henry, 323. 
M. L., 363. 

Martin I., 176, 1S1, 182, 200, 
210, 246, 255, 263, 281, 303, 
330, 331. 332, 3°3- 
Rufus M., 330. 
jr., Rufus M., 363. 
Townsends & Browne, 259. 
Transportation Company: 

New York and Troy, 153, 165. 
New York, Troy, Utica and 

Toledo, 165. 
Troy, 166. 
Troy and Erie, 165. 
Troy and Philadelphia, 166. 
Troy and Whitehall, 165. 
Troy Tow Boat, 153, 165. 
Tracy, Dennis, 425. 
Edward, 358. 
Jedediah, 107, 161, 324. 
Jesse, 125, 327, 32S, 329. 330. 
S. J., 348. 
Trade, Board of, 163. 
Trader, Trojan, 95, 96. 
Traders, fur, 2, 12. 
Traver, R. D., 364. 
Travis, J. G., 402. 
Treanor, Hugh, 334, 336, 337, 341. 
Treasurers, village, 323. 
Tremont House, 423. 
Trenor, Thomas, 70, 276. 
Trial, boat, 70. 
Trimble, T. T., 358. 
Trojan Car Coupler Co., 417. 
Observer, 373. 
Sunday, 373. 
Troy (city). 79, 82, 99, 100, 101, 102, 
103, 104, no, in, 121. 122, 
123, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 
140, 141, 142, 143, 146, 156, 
164, 375. 376. 377. 4i8, 419, 
420. 
(village), 29, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 
43, 44. 4S, 51. 52, 54. 55. 63. 
64, 65, 66, 67, 73, 74, 75. 77. 
78, 82, 376, 377, 378, 379. 
Troy Belting and Supply Co., 424. 
Troy Brass Foundry, 416. 
Troy Cemetery Association, 250,425. 
Troy Choral Union, 259, 283. 
Troy Club. 258, 259. 
Troy enterprise, 58, 77,96, 99, 112, 
133. 134. 135. 147, 264. 



TROY'S O.XE HUNDRED YEARS. 



45' 



Troy File Works, 416. 

Troy, future improvements of, 283, 

286, 287, 2S8. 
Troy Harmonic Association, 259. 
Troy House, 121, 133, 165, 171, 423. 
Troy Iron and Nail Factory. 267, 268. 
Troy Iron and Nail Factory Com- 
pany, 267. 
Troy Laundry Machinery Co., 279. 
Troy Malleable Iron Co., 276. 
Troy, manufactures of, 2S3, 2S8, 289. 
Troy, mercantile interests of, 2S3. 289. 
Troy, naming of, 2S, 29, 30, 32, 2S1, 

283, 2S5, 2S6, 311. 312. 
Troy Nickel Works, 280. 
Troy Observer, 262, 373. 
Troy, Patroon of, 250, 283, 284. 
Troy Post, 393. 

Troy, reminiscences of, 3S. 44, 52. 
Troy Rolling Mill Company, 265. 
Troy Savings Company, 172. 
Troy Steel and Iron Co., 69, 93, 264, 

265, 266, 267. 
Troy, town of, 32, 40, 42. 
Troy Turnpike and Railroad Co., 

126. 
Troy University, 205, 253. 
Troy, views of, 1 11, 141, 146. 157, 164. 
Troy Vocal Society, 259, 283. 
Troy Vulcan Company, 265. 
Troy Waste Mfct. Co., 417. 
Troy Young Men's Association, 53, 

132, 207, 255. 256, 257, 366. 
Troy Young Women's Association, 

257. 367, 3<>8, 419. 
Troy & Bennington Turnpike Co., 

126. 
Truesdell, Phineas. 88. 
Trumansburgh, 361. 
Trustees, village, 42. 51, 60, 323. 
Tucker, Henry O'R., 262, 282, 371, 
372- 

John Ireland, 154, 155, 156, 
246, 281, 290, 292, 293, 295, 
351. 366. 

J. W.. 352. 

"Mark, 116, 348. 

Sidney D., 415. 
Tucker & Denison, 415. 
Tucker & Flack, 415. 
Tucker & Co., S. D., 415. 
Tunnard, Robert H., 341. 
Tunnel, Hoosic, 163. 165. 
Tupper, John H., 36S, 422. 
Turcotte, M. F., 353. 
Turner, Benjamin, 33S. 

Thomas, 85, 326. 

jr., Thomas, 32S, 329. 
Turnpike, Troy & Bennington, 126. 

Troy & Schenectady. 5S. 
Tuthill, DeWitt, 27s, 366. 
Tuttle & Gregory. 124. 
Tuttle & Richards, 113. 
Twining. Frank B., 410. 
Tylee, Edward, 47, 59, 322, 323. 
Tyler, George L. , 343. 
Tyner, W. J., 2S2, 373. 
Tysen, Jan, 10. 



Uline, R. H., 344. 
Ulster Iron Works. 



>M- 



Uncas, 7. 

Uncle Sam, 76. 

Uncle Tom's Cabin, 162, 239. 

Underwear, Knit, 280. 

Union House, 423. 

United Shirt and Collar Co., 272, 

412, 413. 
University, Troy, 205, 253. 
Upham, M. S.. 177, 17S. 
Urena, W. C, 127. 

Vail, Aaron, 36S. 

D. Thomas. 148, i?i. 247. 2js. 

355, 379- 

Ezra R., 233, 364. 

George, 36, 46, 109, 123, 127, 
132, 242, 330, 355, 379. 

Henry, 46, 148, 206, 379. 

Jane, 242. 

Jeanie E.. 242. 

Moses, 46, 324. 

Phebe B., 242. 

Phebe H., 242. 

Samuel M., 242, 258, 281. 

Townsend M., 58, 127, 242. 
Vail, H. & G., 86, 379. 
Vail & Co., 379. 
Vail & Co., G., 379. 
Valentine, D., 208. 
Valleau.T., 140. 
Valves, 416. 
Van Alen, Barent. 330. 

John E , 56, 32. 
Van Alstyne, Jacob, IS. 

R. H., 335. 423 

William L.. 200, 2S2, 326, 333. 
Van Alstyne & Harrington, 423. 
Van A mam, Abraham, 26. 

J. M., 424. 
Van Arnam & Co., 370 
Van Bergen, G., 11. 
Van Brackle, James, 109, 112, 114, 

161. 
Van Brugh, Peter, 16. 
Van Buren, Jan, 16. iS. 

Sarah, 16. 
Van Cleve, E. J., 370. 
Van Corlaer, Arent, 12. 
Van Decar, A. L . 424. 
Vandenburgh, James, 89. 

J. V. W, 197. 

Mathise, 384. 
Van der Hende, Rev.. 206. 
Van der Donck, A., S, n. 
Vanderheydcn, 24, 25, 26, 2S. 29, 82, 

284, 376. 
Vanderheyden, Philip F., 232, 368. 
Van der Heyden, Blandina, 284. 

Catharine, 2S4. 

David, 20. 

Derick, 2S4. 

Derick Y., 54, 2S4, 324, 325. 

Dirk, 17, 20. 

Elizabeth, 2S4. 

heirs, 230, 23r. 

Jacob. iS, 20, 22. 

Jacob D., 20, 22, 23, 24. 26, 27, 
29. 32, 33, 34, 35,40, 42. 43. 
47. 49. 57, f'5, 68, 71, 72, 73, 
82. 91, 92, 245, 246, 250. 283, 
2S4. 2S5. 310, 323, 3S4, 393. 



Van der Heyden, Jacob D. E., 2^4. 
[acob I., 20, 21, 22, 63. 82 

388. 
Jacob Tysse, 17, 2S3. 
Jan C 12. 
Jane. 284. 

fohn, 20 

John G., 42, S4 -,,. 2-4, 328. 

Mai ia V . s . 93. 

Matthias, 23, 26, 27, ;S. 82, 250, 
263, 417. 

Mattys, 20, 22. 

Sally A. M., 2S4. 

Samuel. 2^4. 

W. D.. 124. 
Vanderlip, E.. 351. 
Van der Poel, Wynant G.. 14. 16. 
Van Deurs, George, 349. 
Van Deusen, Franklin, 417. 
Van DeusenX Co., 417. 
Van Every, Macdonald, & Carroll, 

423. 
Van Every, W. H., 337. 423. 
Van Kleeck, R. B., 154. 155, 249, 

293. 294, 350, 
Van Meteran, E., 2. 
Van Rensselaer, Hendrick, 17. 284. 

Henrv K.. 18. 

Jan B.. 12. 

Kiliaen S, 12. 14, 17. 

Maria, 1 7. 2S4. 

Stephen. ^4. 92. 106, 107. 565. 

William P., 108, 366. 
Van Ruth, J , it. 
Van Santvoord. George, 305. 

Seymour, 363. 
Van Schoonhoven, Fisk,\' Converse, 

379- 
Van Schoonhoven. Guert, 56, 107 

James, 94, 161, 354, 355, 379. 

f. L., 210, 357, 366. 379, 388. 

W. H., 363. 
Van Schoonhoven, Proudfit, t Y Co . 

379- 

Van Schoonhovens, Fisk,& Holmes. 

379- 
\ an I uvl. Abraham, 126. 206, 342. 
Van Valkenburgh, Lawrence, 175, 

210, 332, 333. 
Van Vechten. Abraham, 30S, 309. 
jr., John. 392. 
Lucas, 20. 
Van Veere, A., 11. 
Van Velsen, SweerT., 12 
Van Volkenburgh, J. M. 
Van Waalwyck, C. J., 11 
Van Woggelum. Pietcr P. 
Van Zandt, C. E , 415. 
Van Zandt, Jacobs, & Co., 273, 415 
Van Zile, Oscar E., 355. 
Varnish, 425. 
Vasseur, M., 106. 
Vaughn, A. D.. 197. 

Patrick, 341. 
Veazie, Charles, 71, 72, 137, 168, tog 
Veazie & Barnard, 72, 168. 
Veghte, Augustus, 276. 

Edwin, 276. 
Veld. H., 354. 
Ventilators, 417. 
Verheyden, P., 353. 



14, 15 
409. 



,15. 



if.. 



-4 



45- 



TROY'S OXE HUXDRED YEARS. 



Verplanck, Philip, 17. 
Verrazzano, Gio. da, 1, 2. 
Viele, A., 352. 
Viets, Herbert A., 270. 
Vilas, S. H., 379. 
Vincent, M. R., 348. 

Stephen, 423. 
Visscher, Agnietje, 16. 

Catharine, 16. 

Hannah, 16. 

Sarah, 16. 
Vlachte, Groote, 12. 
Voight, Ernest. 421. 
Volunteers. Troy, 1S0-201. 
\'oorhees, Theo., 366. 
Vosburgh, Abraham P., 14. 

Geertruyt P., 14. 
Vossmerbaumer, H. W., 421. 

W., 422. 
Vyselaer, Jan C 15. 

Wachtel, Adam, 369. 

Frank, 369. 
Wade, Robert, 341. 

R. T.. 332/ 
Wa Isworth, C. 34S. 
Wager, C. A., 344. 

C. G.. 3G3. 

lames, 208. 

J. K., 351. 352. 

Leonard. 333. 

T. B , 383. 
Waggoner, W. H., 353. 
Wagons, 41 S. 422. 
Wainwright. F., 350. 

J. M., 172. 
Wan. E. F., 357. 

losiah A., 213, 35S, 422. 

L H., 422. 
Wan. Fisher, & Co., 422. 
Wait. Son & Co.. J. A., 422. 
Waite, Joseph. 333. 
Walden. I. H., 349. 
Waldo, H, L.. 364. 

J. C, 353- 
Waldron. Clark, 335, 
Wales, E. R., 344 "' 

F. K , 424. 

P. M., 341, 415. 
Wales, Bennet. & Co.. 424. 
Wales, Price. & Co., 424. 
Wales iv. Price, 424. 
Walker, Lieut., 85. 

William F., 139, 145. 350. 
Wall paper dealers. 425. 
Wallace. Guidon B., 331,332. [66. 

James, 127, 329. 337. 

James P.. 366. 

John, 336. 337. 

Peter J., 341, 425. 

Uriah, 1 15, 32S. 

William, 140. 
Wallenstein, E., 414. 
Waller, Mrs. E., 240. 
Waloons, 6. 
Walsh. George II.. 219. 350. 

John. 290, 296. 353. 

(ohn [.. 

R. H., 344- 
Walter, W. H., 294, 350. 
Walworth. C, 353. 



Walz, A. F., 290, 354. 
Wandell. Daniel T., 323. 
War, Civil, 1S0-201. 

meetings, 1S2. 

1 f 1812, 75, 76. 
Ward, Bel a J.; 364. 

H. J., 363- 

R Halsted, 237, 364. 36S. 
Warden, S. S.. 349. 
Wards, 66. 70, 143, 169, 217, 21S, 

321, 322, 374. 
Wardwell, James, 72. 
Warner, Calvin. 167, 32S, 329. 

Charles, 356. 

Ebenezer, 339, 356. 
Warr. John, 389. 
Warren, Edward I., 226. 

Eliakim, 51, 59, 61, 62,154,384. 

Esaias, 51, 59, 70, 71, 85, 92, 
114. 323. 326, 334. 

jr., George B., 52, 59, 203, 281, 
326, 35S, 366. 

sr., George B., 206, 329, 355. 

George H.. 154. 153. 136. 

Henry. 401. 

H. Langford, 252. 

Jonah G., 293, 349. 

John Hobarl. 212. 258, 270,425. 

Joseph M., 59. 148, 212. 234, 
25S, 326. 339, 354, 358, 366, 
394- 

Martha C-, n? 

Moses, 210, 330. 342, 357, 363. 

Mrs. Mary, 154, 155, 156. 

Mrs. Mary C, 156. 

Mis. Walter P., 226. 

Nathan. 51, 34. 59. Sg, 90. 94, 
109, 112, 114, 121, 126, 132. 
154, 161, 384. 

Nathan B., 59. 154, 155. i;6. 294. 

Phebe. 61, 154. 

Stephen, 51. 59. 61), 115, 132, 

I"7. ??4. 354. jS4- 
Steplren E., 39, 154, 155, 218, 

247. 355- 
Stephen R . 112, 354. 
Walter P., 232, 244. 259, 270. 
2S1, 2S3, 2S9. 312, 342, 355, 
365, 368, 369, 395. 425. 
W. H., 194 
\\ anen & C o.. E , 51, 393. 
Warren & Co., J M., 193. 394. 395. 
Warrens, Hart. & Lesley, 394. 
Washburn. S.. 351. 352. 
Washington, George, 19, 39. 
Washington square, 73, 136, 170, 183, 

262 
Washington (village), 42. 72. 
Washington's birthday, 171. 
Wasson, J. B., 351. 
Watch, city, 317. 
Watchmakets, 71, 39S, 423. 
Waterford, 19, 2S, 44, 56, 70, 89, 135, 

136. 
Waterman, Laura, 67. 

Marcus M ., 400. 
Waters, Elisha, 223. 
Water-wheels, 267. 26S. 
Water works. 34, 11,7. 3:4. 235. 236, 

314, 315. 318, 320. 339. 
Watrous, Andrew, 330. 



Watson, Elkanah, 28, S6. 

Mrs., 239. 

William M.. 344. 
Wax figures, 238. 
Wayland. jr., Francis, 293. 

sr., Francis, 293, 349. 
Wayside Knitting Co., 2S0. 
Wealth of Troy, 41 S. 
Weatherby, N. L., 369, 398. 
Weaver, Joel, 417. 

J. M., 352. 
Weaver & Bunnel. 417. 
Webb. Isaac, 47, 349. 
Webber, G. N., 348. 
Webster, Charles R, 34. 

George, 34. 

S. H., 364. 
Weed, Alsop, 109, 126,162,206,324, 
325, 328, 3S8. 

Charles A., 396. 

Darius, 125. 

Haight, eS: Co., 388. 

Henry E., 356, 386. 

James, 396. 

Jared, 327. 

jared S., 242, 330, 33S, 355. 3?S. 

Mary S., 242. 
Weed & Co., J.. 396. 
Weed & Haight, 38S. 
Weed & Thurman, 20S. 
Weedon. Jonathan. 324. 325. 
Weeds & Hamblin, 396. 
Weekly, Catholic, 262, 373. 
Weeks, G. E., 349. 
Weibel, J. W. H., 351. 
Weise, A. J.. 246, 281, 282, 369. 
Weld. Joseph. 91, 324, 325, 32S. 

Theodore D., 150. 
Welles, Gideon, 1S6, 190. 
Wellington, Charles M., 356. 

Isaac, 204, 32S, 329. 

George B., 300, 363. 
Wells, F. E.,403. 

George, 158. 

George A., 237, 368. 

G. C, 352. 

Ira M., 53, S2, 327, 392, 393. 

J. F.. 342. 

Philander, 167, 334. 3 c s. 

R., 151. 

Thomas, 344. 
Wells & Coveily, 403. 
Wells & Fassett. 392. 
Welsh, James, 335. 
Wemp, Jan Barentsen, 11, 12, 14, 16. 

Meyndert J., 16. 
Wemple. Abram A.. 204, 330. 
Wendell, David S., 327, 328. 

Johannes, 16. 

M. Edgar. 278, 279. 
Weniwonh. Erastus, 351, 332. 
Wescott. Joseph, 59. 
Wesley, John. 07. 
Westfall, P. J.. 401. 
West Troy, 7. 14. 
West Windsor, 54. 
Whale, tale of the, 10. 
Whales, 8, 10, 11. 
Wheat. 52. 38. 
Wheeler. A. K . 406. 

DaviJ W., 158. 



TROY'S ONE HUNDRED YEARS- 



453 



Wheeler, G. M., 356. 

Henry, 356. 

James S., 363. 

John, 127, 129. 

J. W., 406. 

M. A., 364. 

Nathaniel, 175. 
Wheeler, Bisco, & Corning, 406. 
Wheeler, Wilson, & Co., 175. 
Wheeler & Wilson, 176. 
Wheelock, Joseph, 412. 
Whelan, Dennis [., 282, 326, 335, 

33&, 339, 343- 
Whig, Troy Daily. 370. 

Troy Morning, 262, 370. 

Troy Morning Telegram and. 

37o, 373- 
Week ly, 370. 
Whipple, <■» A., 421. 

W. W., 127. 
Whips, 104. 
White, Consider, 324. 

Henry, 416. 

John H.. 366. 

John W., 175, 406. 

Joseph, 366. 

M., 352. 
Whitefield E., 157. 
Whiteside. E. F., 119, 351. 
Whiting, Elizabeth, 90. 

Ruggles, 267. 
Whitman, Marie A., 293. 

William W., 282, 358, 368, 370. 
Whitman & MacArthur, 370. 
Whitney, Augustus, 389. 

F. H., 387. 

William, 389. 
Whiton, John, 125. 
Whittemore, B., 353. 
Whittingham, W. R., 155. 
Whylanil, C, 424. 
Wiherly, Charles H., 71, 421. 
Wickes, Asa W., 357. 

Stephen, 366. 

W. H., 197. 
Widdemer, E. S., 218, 351. 
Widmer, F., 352. 
Wight, Daniel, 125. 
Wilbert, W., 144. " 
Wilbur, G. W., 415. 

Harvey. 415. 
Wilbur, DuBois. & Wilbur. 415. 
Wilbur, Krum, & Wilbur, 415. 
Wilbur, Mdler, & Wilbur, 273, 415. 
Wilcox, Emily T , 260. 
Wilden, 12. 

Wiles' Laundrying Co., 277, 278. 
Wiles, Thomas S., 277, 278, 279. 
Wiles & Co., Thomas S.. 277. 
Wilkinson, jr., Joseph B., 334. 
Willard, Clarence, 210, 257, 366, 

399- 
George L., 196, 2or, 368. 
John, S8, 89. 
John D., 149, 305. 
John H., 91, 173, 260. 
John Hudson, 173. 
John N., 331. 
Miss Sarah H , 257. 
Mrs. Emma, 46, 88, 8y, go, 106, 

250, 294, 297, 300. 



Willard, Samuel, 161. 

Sarah L., gi, 260. 

William, 34, 390. 

William T., 139, 166, 358. 

William W., 340. 
Williams, Allen, 387. 

Calvin, 275. 

Elizabeth, 63. 

Griffith, 27. 

Hezekiah, 344. 

James, 324. 

Jonathan T., 160. 

1'iliti A., 352. 

John L., 72, 399. 

Moses, 132. 

Nathan, 48, 60, 240, 358. 

Pelham, 350, 351. 

Roger, 292. 

S. M., 3^2. 

S. P., 168, 352. 

Thomas, 168. 

T O. R., 352. 
Williamson, C, 143. 

J. D.,91. 

R. D., 290, 297, 349. 
Willis, L., 353. 
Willson, T. N., 204. 
Wilner, J. H., 329. 
Wilson, A. R.. 405. 

Benjamin. 167, 329. 

Charles E., 399. 

Charles H.. 72, 399. 

Ebenezer, 31, 40, 41, 76, 323. 

jr., Ebenezer, 328, 329, 338. 

Edgar T. , 1S3, rgS. 

George W., 182, 183. 

Henry A., 39g. 

John, 336. 

Mrs. William B., 283. 

Samuel, 31, 40, 41, 76, 403. 

T. A., 3gg. 

Washington, 405. 
Wilson & Bird, 274. 
Wilson & Co., C. H., 3g8, 3gg. 
Winder, George, 425. 
Windmill, Joseph, 72, 3gg. 
Wing, Daniel A., 387. 
Winkler, E. F., 3g2. 
Winne, Abram, 331. 

Daniel R., 341. 

John E., 395. 

Moses I., 329. 
Winne. Burdick, & Co., 395. 
Winne & Drake, 395. 
Winslow, G, 350. 

John F., 186, 187, 188, 189, igo, 
191, 192, 193, 218, 253, 264, 
265, 365. 

J. H, 424- 
Winslow, Griswold. & Holley, 265. 
Winslow & Co., J. H., 424. 
Winters, E., 344. 

Jacob, 344. 
Wire, steel, 279. 
Wire-work, coiled, 280. 
Wishart, Arthur W., 217, 349. 
Wiswall, Ebenezer, 327, 328. 
Witbeck, Thomas L., 69,93, 265. 
Witmer, W. W , 290. 354. 
Wolcott. G. D., 222. 
Wolfe, Gurdon G, 270. 



Wolfertsen, J., n. 

Wood, Ebenezer. 167, 329. 

Ephraim, 197. 

E. T., 143. 

H. F., 395- 

Jacob C, 399. 

J. W.,415. 

N., 197. 

Stephen, 91. 

Walter A., 270. 
Wood, Lewis, & Hawley, 415. 
Wood, Prentice, & Co., 3gg. 
Wood, Willard. & Co., 3gg. 
Wood & Lewis, 273, 415. 
Wood & Merrill, 399. 
Woods, marbleized. 277. 
Woodruff, C. H., 180. 
Woodworth, John, 38, 44, 48, 49, 
52, 56, 240, 285, 323, 358. 

jr., John, 327, 328. 

Robert, 38. 
Wool dealers, 400. 
Wool, John E., 76, 165, 183, 193, 

216, 217, 24g, 255. 
Worthington, David F., 422. 

George, 2g3, 350. 

John, 357, 422. 
Worthington & Son. D. F., 422. 
Wotkyns, Alfred, 326, 356. 

Alfred A., 344. 

George D., 208, 339. 

Tom S. , 356, 422. 
Wright, A. M .", 369. 

Daniel, 330. 

Edwin N., 200. 

John, 128. 

Sidney, 344. 

T. S., 130. 
Wynants Kill, 14, 16, 31, 69, 122, 

264, 265, 267, 274. 
Wynantskill Knitting Co., 423. 

Yates, Adam, 284. 

Anna G, 2S4. 

Annatji, 284. 

J F-. 352- 

William, 370. 
Year, fiscal, 322. 
York House, 389. 
Young, Frederick S., 

George, 92, 93. 

Guilford D., 70, 

G. H.,353- 

H. G., 366. 

James, 398. 

James T., 418. 

Josiah L., 185, 

William H., 185, 211, 246. 255. 
28r, 357, 366, 393, 397, 398. 
Young & Bell, 398. 
Young & Benson, 3g7. 
Young & Blake, 3g7. 
Young & Hartt, 3g7. 
Yourt, William R., 257. 
Yvonnet, Francis, 114, 240, 244, 324. 

Zander, James A , 71. 72, 142, 15S. 
Zimmermann, jr., J. G., 402. 

sr., J. G., 402. 

J. J.'. 336, 402. 
i Zimmcrmann's Sons, J. G., 402. 



273. 
310, 324, 3g3. 



41S. 



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